Rutland Daily Herald from Rutland, Vermont • 6

6 RUTLAND DAILY HERALD, TUESDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 3, 1983 I Calendar Charges Filed In Fatal Crash WARREN- Lucille Marion, 38, of Warren died Sunday morning at the Medical Center Hospital of Vermont where she was transported after a two-car accident at 1 a. m. on Route 100. A Connecticut man, who was driving the other vehicle involved in the accident, was arrested and charged with driving under the influence of alcohol, according to State Police at Middlesex. Police later released the man, John Seymour, 25, of Westport, who was not injured in the accident.

Two passengers received minor injuries and were treated and released at the Central Vermont Hospital in Berlin. They were Brenda Dixon, 26, of Lowell, who was a passenger in Marions vehicle and Karen Bier-baum, 28, of Carmel, N.Y., who was a passenger in Seymours vehicle. DANCERCISE City, Immaculate Heart of Mary gym, 7 p.m., benefits the United Way. GOVERNORS PICNIC FOR SENIOR CITIZENS Sherburne, Snowshed Lodge, Killington SU and Summer Resort, an all-day affair. Bring own lunch, refreshments will be provided.

MIDWEEK MARKET City, RuUand County Farmers Peak Season" Market, featuring Vermont products, baked goods and handicrafts, Depot Park, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. SCHOOL BOARD MEETING CasUeton, CasUeton Elementary School, 7 p.m SCHOOL BOARD MEETING Cheter, Chester-Andover-Green Mountain Boards negotiations with teachers, Green Mountain Union High School, 7 p.m., executive ses-sioii SCHOOL BOARD MEETING Clarendon, Mill River Valley High School, 7:30 p.m. SCHOOL BOARD MEETING Londonderry, Flood Brook School Board and Teachers wiU meet at the school at 7 p.m. SCHOOL BOARD MEETING Proctor, 7p.m.

SCHOOL BOARD MEETING Wells, Wells Elementary School, 7:30 p.m. SCHOOL BOARD MEETING Orwell, special meeting with guidance consultant, Orwell Village School, 7:30 p.m. SCHOOL BOARD MEETING Whiting, Whiting School, 8 p.m. SCHOOL BOARD Danby, Currier Memorial School, 6:30 p.m. SCHOOL BOARD Danby, Union District 23, Currier Memorial School, 8 p.m.

SCHOOL BOARD Weathersfield, Weathersfield Elementary School, 7p.m. SCHOOL BOARD Grafton, Grafton SchooL 7 p.m ZONING BOARD OF ADJUSTMENT Springfield, Selectmens Meeting Room, 7 p.m. BLOOD DRAWING Springfield, Nolin-Murray Center, 9 a.m. -2 p.m. TOMORROW AA MEETING City, RuUand Al-anon, Trinity Episcopal Church, West Street, 7 p.m.; Rutland, Big Book Group, Good Shepherd Lutheran Church, Hillside 8 p.m.; Brandon, St.

Thomas Episcopal Church, Main Street, 7 p.m.; Danby, Danby Mountain Group, Holy Trinity Church, 8 p.m. BLOOD DRAWING Springfield, Nolin-Murray Center, 9 FAIR City, Vermont State Fair Grounds, Senior Citixens Day, gates and exhibit buildings open, 11 a.m.; midway opens and pony pulling contest, 1 p.m.; post time pari-mutuel racing and Herseys Greatest Cocoa Cake contest, 2 p.m.; Ronnie Prophet country music show, 7:45 p.m. WOMENS SUPPORT GROUP City, Herstory House, 10 a.m. TODAY AA MEETINGS City, Hi Noon Group, Nella Grimm Fox Room, Rutland Free Library, noon; Wallingford, Serenity House Group, Serenity House, 12 Church 7 p.m., Kill-ington, Killington Step Group, Sherburne United Church, Route 4, 8p.m. VERMONT STATE FAIR City, Vermont State Fair Grounds, Childrens Day, dairy cattle judging, 9:30 a.m.; horse pulling contest, agriculture area, 4-H demonstrations and poultry judging, 10 a.m.; gates and exhibit buildings open, 11 a.m.; date nut frosted-filled cookies contest, 11 a.m.

to noon; midway opens, 1 p.m.; post time, pari-mutuel racing, 2 p.m.; Stoney Roberts Demonstration Derby, OVEREATERS ANONYMOUS City, RuUand Regional Medical Center, 7 p.m., 775-2259; Springfield, Springfield Library, 6:30 p.m. WOMENS SUPPORT GROUP City. Herstory House. 7 p.m. RUTLAND AREA EMPLOYERS FORUM City, RuUand Area Vo-Tech, Woodstock Avenue, 9 a.m.

RUTLAND HOME City, RuUand County Salon number 157; eight and 40, 7 p.m., installation of officers. BOARD OF ALDERMEN MEETING City, City HaU, 7:15 p.m.; regular meeting, 7:30 p.m.. Project Development Grant. SCHOOL BOARD Pittsford, Town Clerks Office, 7: 30 p.m SCHOOL BOARD Shrewsbury, Mountain School, 6 p.m. Robert Babcock Sr.

Dead At 70; Lawmaker, Educator A memorial service will be held at a later date. Memorial contributions, may be made to the Mount Ascutney Hospital Extended Care Unit, County Road, Windsor, 05089. The Cabot Funeral Home in Woodstock is in charge of local arrangements. John Koson ALPOLE, N.H. John Koson, 79, died Sunday at the Cheshire Hospital in Keene, N.H.

Mr. Koson was born in Bellows Falls April 26, 1906, the son of Jacob and Teofilia (Golec) Koson. He worked on area farms for many years and later worked at Northeastern Culvert Co. of Westminster until his retirement in 1975. Survivors include his wife, Edna (Pearce) Koson, whom he married Aug.

3, 1936, in Chesterfield, N.H.; a brother, Jacob Koson of Bellows Falls; three sisters, Mary Osalza of Colchester, Julia Dibardino of Rocky Hill, and Helen Baldwin of Hartford, and several nieces and nephews. A funeral service will be held at the convenience of the family. There will be no calling hours. Memorial contributions may be made to the New Hampshire Lung Assoc. 456 Beech Street, Manchester, N.H.

03101. The Fenton and Hennessey Funeral Home in Bellows Falls is in charge of arrangements. Nathan J. Spackman WEST WINDSOR Nathan J. Spackman, 18, died Monday at the Mount Ascutney Hospital and Health Center emergency room.

Mr. Spackman was born July 15, 1967, in St. Carlos, the son of Harold and Ann (Rutheford) Spackman. He received his education in West Windsor and was a member of the senior class at Windsor High School. He was a member of the varsity football team.

He was an avid skier. He was a member of the West Windsor Volunteer Fire Dept, and the Brownsville Methodist Church. He had signed up for advanced enlistment in the U.S. Marine Corp for June 1986. Survivors include his parents, Harold and Joan Spackman of West Windsor; two brothers, Michael R.

Spackman and Rick Cloud, both of West Windsor; seven sisters, Susan Jones of Meriden, N.H., Cheryl A. Diebel of Kaycee, Joan E. Spackman of West Windsor, Nancy Sellmann of Norwich, Carol Quinn of North Sandwich, N.H., Jean Obney of North Quincy, and Patricia Bartlett of Rutland; several nieces and nephews. A funeral service will be held Wednesday at 1 p.m. at the Brownsville Methodist Church with the Rev.

Albert J. Dalton and the Rev. Harold Jones officiating. Burial will follow in the Sheddsville Cemetery in West Windsor. Memorial contributions in lieu of flowers mav be made to the West Windsor Volunteer Fire Department or the West Windsor Fast Squad, West Windsor, 05037.

The Knight Funeral Home in Windsor is in charge of arrangements. Wallingford, Verne A. Hawkins of Wallingford and Lester M. Hawkins of Voorheesville, N.Y.; 19 grandchildren, 17 great-grandchildren, a great-great-grandchild and several nieces and nephews. A son, Edgar S.

Hawkins, died May 1985. The funeral service will be held at 2 p.m. Wednesday at the East Wallingford Baptist Church. A private burial service will be held in the family cemetery. Friends may call from 7 to 9 p.m.

Tuesday at the Tedesco Funeral Home. Memorial contributions, in lieu of flowers, may be made to the East Wallingford Baptist Church, East Wallingford, 05742. Elisabeth L. Finnegan MANCHESTER Elizabeth L. Finnegan, 78, died Monday at a Rutland nursing home after a long illness.

She was born April 20, 1907, in Cleveland, Ohio, daughter of Ryland L. and Margaret L. (Fahnestock) Lockwood. She received her education in Brooklyn, N.Y., and Norwich, and graduated from Burr Burton Seminary in Manchester and Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, N.Y. She was married to Capt.

Henry E. Finnegan in 1932 in New York City. Capt. Finnegan served in the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey for 37 years.

The couple retired to Dorset in 1959, making th6 summer home of Mrs. Finnegans parents into their permanent home. Capt. Finnegan died in 1968, and Mrs. Finnegan moved to Manchester in 1977.

Survivors include two sons, John L. Finnegan of McLean, and Thomas W. Finnegan of Traverse City, a daughter, Margaret E. Finnegan of Montpelier; and 10 grandchildren. The graveside committal service will be conducted at 4 p.m.

Wednesday in the Maple Hill Cemetery in Dorset. The Rev. Hal C. Miller, pastor of the United Church of Dorset and East Rupert, will conduct the service. There are no calling hours.

Memorial contributions may be made to the Manchester Rescue Squad through the Brewster Funeral Service, Box 885, Manchester Center, 05255. Mrs. Dwyer Rites WEST RUTLAND The funeral service for Mary C. Dwyer, 93, of West Rutland, who died Friday, was held Monday at St. Bridget's Church in West Rutland.

The Rev. Raymond Walsh, pastor, officiated. Con-celebrants were the Rev. Robert Densmore, pastor of St. Catherine Church in Charlestown, N.H., and the Rev.

Donald Kelley of Rutland, both cousins of Mrs. Dwyer. Burial was in the family lot in the church cemetery with the Rev. Kelley reading the prayers of the committal service assisted by the Rev. Walsh and the Rev.

Densmore. Organist and soloist was Adele Steele. Lectors, both granddaughters, were Marcia Pierce and Tina Napolitano. Presenting the eucharistlc gifts were Jean Ann Elliott and Patti Johnson, both granddaughters. Honorary bearers representing Our Lady of Snows Sodality were Antoinette Godrick, Muriel Weber, Mary Pietryka, Blanche Fuller, Margaret Harvey, Frances Flynn, Mary Margaret McLaughlin, Bertha St.

Arnold, Ernestine St. Arnold and Gertrude Baron. Honorary bearers representing the West Rutland American Legion Post 87 were Betty Baginskl Jane Cijka, Mary Zawistowskf, Genevieve Bloty? Mary Godzik, Francis Poczobut, Jean Pawlusiak, Helen Poczobut, Valeria Drzewiczewski, Angie Cain, Patricia McGann and Helen Tumielewicz. Active bearers were Thomas Johnson and Michael LaDuke, both of Rutland, Bill Johnson of Ashbur-nham. and Robert Gale of Trenton, N.J., all grandsons; Brian Coombs of Rutland and Dean Pierce of White River Junction.

NOTICE RUTLAND TOWM TAXPAYERS 1985 Real and Personal Property Taxes are due Tuesday, September 3, 1985 with 4 Discount. After September 3, 1985, 4 discount is lost and delinquent fees of 8 and monthly interest will be added. RICHARD J. DEL BIANCO Rutland Town Tseasurer Marion E. Bunker LOW HAMPTON, N.Y.

A son, Eugene N. Bunker of Whitehall, N.Y., was omitted from the list of survivors in the Marion E. Bunker obituary that appeared Monday in the Rutland Herald. Walter W. Gavin Jr.

BENNINGTON Walter W. Gavin 56, died Monday at the Vermont Veterans Home in Bennington after a long illness. Mr. Gavin was born in Bennington June 17, 1929, the son of Walter W. Gavin Sr.

and Nora (Thompson) Gavin. He was educated in Bennington. He married Joyce Whipple Jan. 30, 1954, at St. Francis DeSales Catholic Church in Bennington.

She died Feb. 17, 1983. He was employed at Union Carbide Corp. since Aug. .1947, as a maintenance foreman.

He retired Jan. 1985. He was a longtime member of the Eagle Hose Co. 4 of the Bennington Fire Dept, and from 1978 to 1980, he served as chief of the Bennington Fire retiring after serving 22 years. He served in the Korean War from 1951 to 1953.

He was a longtime member of the Bennington Lodge of Elks 567 and the American Legion Post 13. Survivors include two daughters, Mrs. Douglas (Colleen) Barney and Sharon Gavin, both of Bennington; a son, Patrick H. Gavin of Bennington; a grandson; three sisters, Margaret DeBeU of Bennington, Hilda Coulter of Williamstown, and Mrs. Guy (Olive) Hicko of Williamstown, several nieces, nephews and cousins.

A funeral will be held at the Mahar and Son Funeral Home Thursday at 10 a.m. with the Rev. Jerry Miller, pastor of the First Baptist Church, officiating. Friends may call at the funeral home Wednesday from 7 to 9 p.m. All members of the Bennington Fire Department are requested to meet at the funeral home Wednesday at 7 p.m.

All members of the Bennington Lodge of Elks are requested to meet at the funeral home on Wednesday at 7:30 p.m. Burial will be in the family lot in Parklawn cemetery. Memorial contributions may be made to the Bennington Rescue Squad or the Bennington Fire Department through the funeral home office, 628 Main Street, Bennington, 05201. Dora M. Kodess WOODSTOCK Dora Mandelstam Kodess, 94, died Sunday at the Mt.

Ascutney Hospital.in Windsor after a short illness. Mrs. Kodess was born in Latvia on Sept. 25, 1891. She was educated in Riga.

In 1912, she married Samuel Kodess and they moved to the U.S. They made their home in Yonkers and Brooklyn, N.Y. Mr. Kodess died in 1938. Survivors include two sons, Abner H.

Kodess of Woodstock and Steven Kodess of Yorktown Heights, N.Y.; a brother, Zalkin Mandelstam of Lin-colnwood, two grandchildren; and nieces and nephews. J. ti' -173 I ficiate. Burial will be in the Branch View Cemetery in South Royalton. Mr.

Blake was born June 20, 1909 in Ryegate, the son of Adelbert and Mary (Cox) Blake. He attended elementary school and high school in Stowe. He moved to South Royalton in 1939, and in December 1944 he married Eva (Britch) Jones. For many years they operated a farm on Happy Hollow Road in South Royalton. For the last year and a half, he had been residing with his grandson, Mr.

and Mrs. Robert Blake of East Thetford. Survivors include his wife; a son, Philip Blake of Doylestown, two daughters, Katherine Ryan of Berlin and Mrs. Willis (Rita) Whitaker of Bethel; four stepsons, Everett Jones of Sharon, Nathan Jones of Royalton, Stuart Jones of Birmingham, Maine, and Erwin Jones of Tunbridge; three stepdaughters, Natalie Snelling of Lakeland, Mrs. Robert Gray and Wilmar Stender, both of South Royalton; many grandchildren and seveal great-grandchildren.

Friends may call at the Boardway and Cilley Funeral Home in Chelsea Tuesday from 7 to 9 p.m. Miss Hoskison Rites MILLERTON, N.Y. A funeral service for Alice M. Hoskison, 89, who died Saturday at Sharon Hospital in Sharon, was held Monday afternoon at the Hastings-Adams Funeral Home in Ludlow. The Rev.

Harold Westover of Gethsemane Episcopal Church officiated. Burial followed in the family lot in Pleasant View Cemetery in Ludlow. Bearers were Dr. John Brinker and William Brinker, both of Millerton, N.Y., and Robert Stuart and Paul Stuart, both of Ludlow. Mr.

Haley Rites SHREWSBURY A funeral service for Howard J. P. Haley, 71, of Shrewsbury, a longtime farmer and owner and trainer of race horses, who died Friday at the Rutland Regional Medical Center, was held Monday at 11 a.m. in St. Peters Church.

The Rev. Richard J. Falvella, assistant pastor, officiated. Burial was held on his property in Shrewsbury by the Rev. Falvella.

Sister Catherine Costello was vocalist and Sister Mary Costello was organist. Bearers, all grandsons, were David Peden of Garland, Texas, Robert Gearwar Peter Gearwar and Marc Gearwear, all of Brandon, and Eli Pitts and Issac Pitts, both of Shrewsbury. A prayer service was held Sunday at 7:30 p.m. in the Clifford Funeral Home by the Rev. Falvella.

Lawrence C. Sturtevant NEW HAVEN Lawrence C. Sturtevant, 77, died Monday at the Medical Center Hospital in Burlington following a long illness. Mr. Sturtevant was born in New Haven Aug.

22, 1908, the son of Clarence and Lucy (Gerow) Sturtevant. He was a member of the New Haven Congregational Church. He owned and operated a farm in New Haven for several years then was employed at the Weeks School in Vergennes until his retirement in 1974. Survivors include his wife, Erma (Thompson) Sturtevant of New Haven, whom he married in 1938; three sons, Clarence Sturtevant, Roger Sturtevant and Francis Sturtevant, all of New Haven; three daughters, Mrs. Edgar (Sandra) Greeno of Brandon, Mrs.

Wayne (Joyce) Abare of Shelburne and Mrs. James (Carole) Zompa of Cranston, R.I.; 15 grandchildren; 10 greatgrandchildren; three sisters, Mrs. Gladys Savage and Mrs. Herbert (Edith) Bluhm, both of Burlington and Mrs. Lucille Roueile of Barre; and several nieces and nephews.

A funeral service will be held Thursday at 2 p.m. at the Brown-McClay Funeral Home in Bristol. Burial will be in Evergreen Cemetery in New Haven. Friends may call at the funeral home Wednesday from 7 to 9 p.m. Memorial contributions may be made to the Bristol Rescue Squad, Bristol, 05443, or the Vermont Heart Fund, Shelburne Road, South Burlington, 05482.

Vera A. Hawkins EAST WALLINGFORD Vera A. Hawkins, 89, of East Wallingford died Monday at the Rutland Regional Medical Center after a long illness. Mrs. Hawkins was born Sept.

13, 1895, in East Wallingford, daughter of Frank and Lenora (Dawson) Jewell. She was a member of the East Wallingford Baptist Church. Survivors include two daughters, Ruth L. Bixby of East Wallingford and Annice H. Perry of Wallingford; four sons, Maurice P.

Hawkins and Kenneth L. Hawkins, both of East BURLINGTON Robert S. Bab-. cock a political and educational figure in Vermont for nearly four decades, died Sunday at his retirement residence in Yuma, after a year-long battle with cancer. He was 70.

Mr. Babcock had been a teacher at the University of Vermont, a state senator, and lieutenant governor. He was twice a candidate for governor, served as provost of the Vermont State Colleges system, then as a state legislator from South Burlington. He was noted for bringing a sense of dedication and purpose to each of his activities. As a state senator he became president pro tem of the Senate and, as provost of the Vermont State Colleges, increased em- -pbasis on liberal arts.

-For about four years, Mr. Babcock abd his wife had made their retirement home in Yuma. He was able to preside at a family reunion in Vermont this summer, and had only recently returned to Arizona. Robert Shillingford Babcock was born in Evanston, July 22, 1915, son of Oliver and Martha (Shillingford) Babcock. He was a football star at Evanston High School and at the University of Rochester, where he was awarded a bachelor of arts degree in 1937.

Subsequently, he was a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford University, where he received his master of arts degree in 1939. During World War II, Mr. Babcock was in the U.S. Navy, attaining the rank of lieutenant junior grade and serving chiefly in the Mediterranean theater of operations. In 1946, Mr.

Babcock came to the University of Vermont to teach political science. He obtained his PhD from Northwestern University in Evanston in 1949. It was not long before Mr. Babcocks interest was stirred by Vermont politics and Chittenden County politics in particular. In those days, it often happened that Chittenden County, dominated by Burlington City, sent Democrats to the state Senate.

Sometimes they were the only Democrats in that body. Nonetheless, Mr. Babcock won a Senate seat as a Republican in the session of 1951 and was returned in the session of 1953. In the 1954 election, he lost the seat due to what he described as confidence. But he continued service in the State House when Gov.

Joseph B. Johnson appointed him secretary of civil and military affairs. From that experience under Johnson, Mr. Babcock said he learned: No matter how powerful an individual legislator, its the governor who gets things done. The pipe-smoking Mr.

Babcock returned to the Senate in 1957 and was named unopposed to be president pro tem. His action in that capacity was such that, at the end of that session, his fellow senators presented him with a whip. He campaigned for lieutenant governor in 1958 and won easily. Robert T. Stafford, now a U.S.

senator, was governor then. When Stafford decided to run for the U.S. House in 1960, Mr. Babcock sought the Republican nomination for governor. One of his opponents appeared to support a general sales tax, which at that time did not exist in Vermont.

The opponents slogan was a promise not to raise the income tax. To that Mr. Babcock retorted: Thats like saying youre going to save people from the wolves without telling them youre going to call in the bears in order to do it." He lost that 1960 primary election to F. Ray Keyser Jr. by 729 votes.

Lyndon G. Walker BARNARD Lyndon G. Walker, 67, died Wednesday at his home in Barnard. Mr. Walker was born in Bakersfield May 7, 1918, the son of Gerald and Lillian (Ryan) Walker.

He was educated in Bethel schools. He worked at the Fyles and Rice Plywood Factory of Bethel and the Green Mountain Glove Co. in Randolph. He was a veteran of World War II, serving in the U.S. Army.

Survivors include two daughters, Vermont Lottery MONTPELIER (AP) The number 851 was drawn Monday in the daily Vermont lottery. Vermont Firsts The first marble-cutting saw was invented by Hiram Kimball of Stockbridge in 1837. Robert S. Babcock Sr. In 1961, he became town meeting moderator in South Burlington, and in 1964, ran for governor again.

This time he was defeated in the Republican primary by Lt. Gov. Ralph A. Foote. In 1965, Mr.

Babcock became provost of the Vermont State Colleges system. The title subsequently was changed to "chancellor. As head of the widely separated campuses, he oversaw a considerable building program, but emphasized the need to obtain professors who would impart a solid liberal arts education. The State Colleges schools had been normal schools" by and large, used to train teachers. The Babcock view was that there was no better way to train teachers than to give them a good liberal arts education.

The real problem when I took over was that they were training teachers in methods," Mr. Babcock recalled in a recent interview. I felt that liberal arts was terribly important as a means of broadening the experience of these people who planned to become teachers. Former Gov. Deane C.

Davis of Montpelier, who said he knew Mr. Babcock for more than 30 years, described him Monday as a very strong, capable individual with many leadership qualities" who was "well respected in the field of education and well beyond. After finishing his years as head of the State Colleges, Mr. Babcock returned to the State House as one of the representatives from South Burlington. He served there from 1975 to 1981, then retired to Yuma.

The philosophy he espoused in his political science courses, as well as in his personal political career, could be summed up by a remark in his announcement that he would run for governor in 1964: This is the age, and Vermont should be the state, not of the common man, but of the uncommon man." The family announced that cremation will take place in Yuma, and that a memorial service will be held in Vermont later this year, at a date still to be decided. Mr. Babcock is survived by his wife, Alice-Anne Hanchett Babcock of Yuma; three daughters, Mrs. Ann Henderson of Gainesville, Mrs. Julie Duppsdadt of South Burlington and Martha Babcock of Seattle; two sons, Robert S.

Babcock Jr. of Montpelier and Peter Babcock of San Francisco; a brother, Oliver Babcock of Highland Beach, eight grandchildren and a cousin. The family has requested that memorial contributions, in lieu of flowers, be sent to the Hospice of Yuma at Post Office Box 4211, Yuma, Ariz. 85364. Ann Sails of Florida, and Evelyn Moulton of Massachusetts; three brothers, Earl Walker and Elwin Walker, both of Stockbridge, and Wendall Walker of Arizona; a sister, Mrs.

Myrtle Stratton of Bethel; and several grandchildren. A burial service will be held Saturday at 10 a.m. at the Fairview Cemetery in Bethel with the Rev. Lawrence Almond of the Miller Memorial Methodist Church officiating. Memorial contributions may be made to the Barnard Youth Baseball in care of John Barnes, RFD 2, Bethel 05032.

The Day Funeral Home in Randolph is in charge of'arrangements. Donald A. Blake SOUTH ROYALTON A funeral service for Donald A. Blake, 76, who died Saturday at the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center in Hanover, N.H., will be held Wednesday at 2 p.m. at the Royalton Congregational Church.

The Rev. Richard C. Dumont, pastor, will of KlJ tWSEH -IE pi V. I i if I I Tpli ipptp foil -l-A -LiX I -A ipt i.