Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania • 32

II 11 1 ditterrtt rAcr Ad. norcortsto msnry------rTrrxnrnr; rr orNnAT tr Poblmt-tmentt rfn441siominonolbiemammo-lwrYTYAT I rt ell U. I Moak" .1 'Our Flying President'Expert Tells I How He Travel and Be Protected 1 Russia Takes the Lead ln Arctic ,1 ExplorationCharmion, Sees Tourists 1-74. .1 i In Far North r. 1 For Health CV- 4 ti, A' Secret Service Armed Planes As Guard 1 i 4, i Jo 0' I ti 4 ok I I I 0 00 41 Ats d' tu goovelnit.

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1 IL .1, 11.fived16......WrS,Nom' wommod- 1..... :1 4.1111 Py HANS CHRISTIAN ADAM SON, Assistant to Trubee Assistattt Socretnry et War for Aviation in President Hoover's Col'inet. "PRESIDENTIAL PLANE with protective es tort now departing Polling Field for Warm Springs Georgia. "Instruct all pilots on 1Vashington.Atlanta airway riot to come within one mile of Presidential formation and Tot to fly above it." As this message speeds ctuthward over the airways teletypes, and splutters into life in airport offices in sev. era! states to he posted on hupetin hoards or chapstcbcd by radio to pilots in the am, President Roosevelt and his escort mike resdy to leave First.

three sky-bltie observation planes roar down the runways of Bolling Field and swing into spare In tight t'-formslion. Hand-picked pilots are at the controls and expert gunnerohservers sit in rear cockpit from pith of hitch juts ft eallber Browning machine gun ready for business on split-second notice. ClIARIVION VON I EGAN!) Well know', netotater carrel rondelit tc lio hat la cil ill Soviet Ruscia during (he tast few years, SOVIET RUSSIA is accomplibhing more today in Arctic exploration than any other nation. With the aid of the radio and the airplane, Soviet explorers are rapidly erasing the remaining "white spots" of unexplored tern. tory around the North Pole.

The eta of explorat ion has given place to a new epoch of colonization within the ring of the Arctic Circle. The second International Polar Year is closing in a few months. Ten nationsAmerira. England. Japan, France.

ewedrn. INotwim Denmark. Ittissia, Poland and Argentinehave partic I paled in this international "dent ine endeavor, but the out standing auccessea polar work fell to the Soviet expeditions. For the fIrst time he north-Iran passage from Europe to Asia was accomplished in one aeason hY the Soviet ice-hreaker Sibiriakov. commanded he Professor Ot to 11, Schmidt, head of the Arctic Institute Lenin.

grad. and Professor 'Vire, the eteran Russian Arctic explorer. 1 I 1 1 4 I 1 0, wag dwo pm" 11; p. 4 7 ILNZ. hp 1 .1 1 I i AL, 't 1 ti, ir) At, ki ,04.

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41 144.sit (- 4. 0 i 4 I 4 1 i 11 I 't 1 ft: I "A' )k i' 7 N4 i 1. Lifil 'Imp IC 1, ,,1 1 I I 1 IIISTORY-MAKERSThe Soviet Icebreaker "Sibiriakov" which negotiated, in a single Summer seamon. the ice-locked Northeaq passage from Archangel on the 1Vhite Sea to Via. climatal on the Pacific, via Arctic Ocean and Bering Straits.

She is pictured as she was stranded in heavy pack ice mar Rolutcin Island. At left is Nina Petrovna Demme, famous Soviet Arctic explorer, who is wintering with a Soviet stint- w. tific party of four on barren Kamm Island in the polar sea. Soyusphoto, MoscoCl. U.

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Secret Civilian Guardians Fly With President Prophetic Sees Health Centers in Polar Regions prevailed In the Arctic hat Summer, due, to the shtfting of warms currents northward enabled ths tee-breaker "Maly. sin" to make two trips to Frans-Josef Land. Under the command of Captain Chertlkov, the captain Mill in service. the word's most northern radio elation was established on Rudolph Land. There on a bleak ahore flanked by mighty glaciers and strewn wtth bare basalt, rocks.

the new station was opened during a terrine Arctic gale. The red flag of the Sovieta was unfurled and after salutes and songs. the crew of the 'Maly-gin" departed. leaving behind four scientists. spend the long polar Winter In the frail house they had constructed.

PRECEDENT BREAKER President Roosevelt, an ardent aviation enthusiast, will make constant use of the air lanes between the Whitt House, his recreation camp at Warm Springs, and the Summer White House at Hyde Park. N. Y. He, Mrs. Roosevelt, their sons, Elliot and John and their grandson, are shown about to hoard a plane.

This is an International News Photograph Service picture. telephone service and electrio lights that are kPpt burning throughout the mine night, it is now comfortable as a civilized home. The third successful feat of the polar yearwas the opening of the dreaded and dangeroue Kara $ea to trade VC3SCIN. Pro. frosor Schmidt, on his return to liascow, recently, announced that the hole Arctic coast Is now navigablea matter of great economic Interest to the Soviets.

The Kara Sea was crossed this year by over MY vessels en route to settlements at the mouths of the Siberian rivers. Airplanes played the major part In guiding ships through the trencherous ice lanes to safety. They will how be used almost to the exclusion of ice-breakers In charting maritime routes. Chuknoveky. famous Soviet aviator and reecuer of Marian' and Zeppl.

of the Nobi le dition, is taking an active part in this work. A new type of hydroplane. enclosed, heated and equipped alth ski runners haa been perfected for Arctic In these planes expeditions this past year have charted the elven and coast of northern Siberia and taken air photos of New Land. Chukchi, Peninsula and.the dense forests along the rivers Velme. Chum Podkamena Tungus.

Valuable furs are now regularly collected by airplane from the farthest trading posts and brought to civilization in record time. Regular airplene eervice has been fished between Igarka and sev eral Siberian cities. Northeast Passage Made in Single Summer 'The pilot of the leading plane, stich files at the tip of the commands the unit. Radio receivers built into his helmerand transmitter that dangles loosely below his mouth enable him to communicate with every stop in the formation. As the observation fitcht climbs in an easy spiral for altitude the leader discovers a plane circling over Baines' Point and recognires it as a newsreel plane.

as persistent as a mosquito, trying to take closeups. 'Ship number two," he calls into the transmitter, "chase that camera plane off OVPT Haines' Point, but don't waste much time. They are taking off down below." One of the observation planes dashes off to drive the photographer out of bounds, while the two remaining attics bank in a small circle and sharp eyes VIM the sky for other aircraft which, through ignorance or design, might venture closer than the rules allow. Meanwhile two large multi-powered planes have lumbered over Bolling Field to their takeoff point. Both are of identical design.

made of metal throughout. Their aluminum wings and bodies sparkle in the sun. with the gleam of burnished silver, but the numerals or insignia which usually mark civil and military planes are conspicuously absent. In place of them one carries a replica of the President's tag painted in gold, blue, white and red on its side. while the other, In plain black letters on a white background, displays the legcnel.

means 'United States Secret Service." 1 11, o' a 1 expeditions financed by private means. Today scientific research has upplant ed the spectacula and often fatal polar dashes. Carefully equipped government expeditions planned to penetrate the mystery of the Arctic carry on scientific investigations. the results of which are minutely analyzed and given to the world. In the fifteen years that the Soviet government has existed.

over fifty Soviet expeditions have been fitted out and sent northward. The Arctic Institute at Leningrad. founded In 1930. now has charge of the main polar work. Lenin foresaw a future for the Arctic regions.

At the close of the civil war in Russia, he ordered the small ice-breaker "Perseus" fitted out and sent on the first Soviet scientific expedition into the frmten North. As a result of this trip. the Oceanographic Institute was founded and a Sovot Arctic tradition establinhed that today is bearing practical fruit. The past year has been really epoch making in Arctic work. Professor Zubov in a tiny sailing craft performed the hitherto unaccomplished feat of sailing around the whole archipelago of Franz-Josef Land.

The distance from Murmansk on the Russian mainland and back was traversed in thirty-four days. The halyeon weather which 't- t'' vt N.3.,, 1 i a lt I For the Ant time the pelato of Franz-Josef Land was circumnavigated and its dangerous coast charted. In addition. the Kara sea, the "Icy cellar" of the Arctic. was opened for trade vessels.

The Soviet Polar Year was pinnned and executect tinder the Pive-Yenr Plan. Eleven polar expedition were gent out beyond the Arctic line. The U. S. S.

R. now has nine permanent polar otations, and these form the nucleue for the colonization of the Arctic. The day la tint far distant when tourists will visit the polar regions for health and reereaThp Soriet Union wile the Aral toontry to arrange a tourist expedition Into the polar lands. In 1931 the Icebreaker "Maly-gin" took a party of tourists hunting and revisiting the remains of former Arctic expeditions on the bleak islands of the PranzJoseph Archipelago. The discovery of the scientist Isachenko hat there are no microbes in the pure air of the Arctic makea It thn logical region for the establishment of sanitarta and rest homes for sufferers from pulmonnry and kindred diseases such as those in MVOS.

Switzerland. and in Pouthem United States. The extreme cold and the dark of the Winter night are barriers that can be overcome to a great extent by the devices of civilization. It WRS over fifty years ago that the first International Polar Year wm undertaken. This was the era of daring and often reckless marches toward the Pole on foot and with dog sledges when individuals led a a 1 I i 1 1 1 1 1 up with Art Nosey at the St.

Louis Exposition in 1910. Taft, then President. had no desire to r10 up in a "flying roe-chine." although he was deeply interested in the Wright brothers i'hose flights at Fort Myer In 1909, preliminary to the purchase of tlie fIrst Army plane, were watched by President Taft and other government heads. One day when Alice Roosevelt Eongworth. who witnessed every flight.

asked Mr. Taft if he 'would not like to go for a spin over Washington, the President, who tipped the scales at the groaning point, chuckled happily and replied: I guess I will wait until they grow a little biggerand at ronger." From what can be learned, Mr. Roosevelt intends to use planes chiefly for travel between NVashington and his summer home at Park. which lies on the east bank of the Hudson River, some half dozen miles north of Poughkeepsie. and to his winter home at Springs.

about 75 miles south of Atlanta. and seek with their watchers, they tried to slip away. At times they succeeded. but. by Rnd large, It is easier for a President to drop ha shadow than to dodge his quiet watchers, whose vigilant eyes and keen ears have an unholy knack of keeping him within range.

Up to now, the sproblem et guarding President a in transit has been comparatively easy. NVhen he goes by rail the President always uses a private ear and Secret Service men stand guard in the vestibules. When he goes by boat. Navy vessels are usually employed and that simplifies the protection prob. lem.

When he goes by auto the President's car is inevitably followed by aSecret Service ear. But when a President roes by airthat's a horse of a different color and the Secret Service is contemplating several methods of procedure, some of which are along the lines described at the outset of this article. Agitation has always followed every new Presidential dew-litre. Even the first White House Automobilebought by another Roosevelt, who believed in speed and lots of action came in for a torrent of discusmon. T.

by the way, was the first President to fly. He went controls of the Secret Service plane. Now the engines roar intofull-throated life a screaming crescendo of unleashed. power--brakes are released. the ships shoot forward, lift into the air and the Presldent is On his way.

When the two cabin planes Teach flying altitude and begin their anuthward trek, the three observation planes fall into position feet above them. The spreads out so that the leacilng plane is ahead of the President tat craft while the other two flv back of and beyond the wings of the Seciet Servied escort. With this protective screen to guard him against disturbance from crowding by the curious and to psovide quick and effective aid in case of a forced landing'. the President speeds sonthward to the Georgia camp where be works and plans between sun-baths and swims. While the transports used by the President on these flights msy not be as swift as some of the other planes that would be at the President's disposal, they make the 500-mile trip In four hours, as against a train journey of more than 12.

During the period Mr. Roosevelt speeds through space at better than 0 miles per be is not isolated from his desk and his duties in the capital, as he. whenever he wishes. can communicate with Wahl-al-4ton by radio. Igarka Magic City Far Within Arctic On the same site, where the relics of former Arctic expeditions of Fiala.

Baldwin and the the Abrural still exist, the scientists are living: Unlike their predecessors, however, thee are able to niaintain communidation' with the outside wciKld and often listen on the opera sung in the former; Marinaky Opera in Leningred or to I political speech in Moscow. A second and even greater feat 'WAS accomplished this last year by the "Sibirlakov's" navigation of the Northeast passage in a single Summer. This voyage has been of vital interest to explorers ever since the seventeenth century. It took Amundsen three Winters to make the trip. In July, the icebreaker left Archangel on its long voyage of ten thousand miles to Vledivostork via the Arctic and the Bering Strait.

In November, after severe privations, and after being stranded in the solid ice pack, which extends from the mouth of the Kolyma River, Siberia. to Bering Strait, the "Stbiriakov" emerged into the Pacific Ocean by means of a hand-made propeller and emergency sails. There It was met by the Soviet ship "Ussuricts." waiting at Bering Strait, and towed to port. The "Sibiriakov" was accompanied as far as Cape Cheluskin, the most northern tip of Siberia, by the icebreaker "Ruganov." commanded by Professor Samollovitch, hero of the "Krassin" expedition. which rescued the survivors of Nob' le's wrecked dirigible in 1928.

Both the Sibiriakov and the Rusanov en route to their destinations circumnavigated Northern Land for the first time. This new archipelago, north of Taimur Peninsula, Siberia, WAS placed on the map in 1930, when Prof. Schmidt, in command of the icebreaker "Sedcw." built a smell radio station on Kamencv Island, and left four men to Winter there for two This is the first of two at. tides by Mr. Adamson.

The second will appear in an tidy issur, probably next Sunday. Formation Keeps 1,500 Peet Above Guarded Plane 77.7.71--77777.1,13',7 r.lvIvIwrnLmforrritrtir Sen. Capper Discusses Government Cost Problem, Business Transacted From Sky by Endio Phone $4,4 That can from a group nf farmers in Kansas. But I might say they have not considered It necessary to warn the Congress of the United States against too much economy. The taxpayer cannot keep on paying 14.000 million dollars a year through Federal, State and loeal treasuries.

He must have relief; he must have it at the earliest possible moment. By ARTHUR CAPPER United States Senator from Kansas. TODAY THE PEOPLE of the United States are stag. gering under two enormous loads. These two loads are FIRSTDebts.

SECONDTaxes. Paying one dollar in three of national income for support of Government is too impossible to continue. The biggest item in yesterday's costs of Government is expenditures for past years. I 4 4 1 1. a a ti t4 ix ni es DJ S' at be Pc Al au to su te co ell pi be to erine tir wt.

ot1 po Is thl uta 1st CI) tot Fo I ht Th on( Cl! nit; Utak a city of over 13,000 people, bas arisen as it by magic at the mouth of the Yenisei River in northern Siberia, far within the Arctic Circle. rive years ago Igarka was the name on the map for fire woodmens' huts. Today It is the center of a vast timber industry with its own saw mills and ocean going liners at its clocks. The new electric station furnishes power for the long polar night. A theater and the technicum for students provide amusement and work.

In this new Arctic metropolis, a Palace of Soviets and a Palace of Labor are now under construction. By 1937, it is esti. mated the population will increase to 50,000. Thus the Soviet Government in an attempt to break the ice shackles that bind the great northward flowing rivers of Biberiathe Lena, Ob and Yeniseiis conquering the Arctic in the name of trade and industry. It is no Jules Verne dream that in a few years more reinitar airplane service across the North Pole.

between London and San Francisco, will be established. The new Soviet radio stations and Arctic cities will mem as ports of call and emergency 4 fueling stations for the shortest air trip between Europe and America. In time the Arctic may become the playground of the world for Winter sport and for recuperation from disease. This year a new radio station will be built at Chukchi peninsula, the northeast tip of Siberia, thus completing the chain of Soviet radio stations along the Arctic circle and making the new, sir route feasible. The two planes may be sister-ships but their sisterhood is only skindeep.

One carries the President of the United States. maybe I cabinet member or two. Perhaps a Congressional leader. TI.e other holds some half-dozen Secret Service men, an engineerIng officer and several mechanics whose job it is to see to it that the engines on the two planes tick with the precision of fine a atches. Now the ships are poised for flight.

President's plane stands a hundred feet ahead and to the right of the Secret Service craft. The engines are turning over as the junior pilot of the Presidential plane mates sure that the door is locked and then moves slowly up the aisle to see that every one is seated. This job done, he climbs ii.to his "bucket" in the dual control "office" up front. nods an "okay" to the chief pilot, who In turn signals the man at the 1 Warning People Impatient, They Want Results I t4 a I 4 fr, vervoror xrpc 1 4 46, .4. AC '44 4,, 44, t4 a LeA.51.' :11 rk'; i Governmental debts already contracted have to be paid; ter-taut current operating costa cannot be dispensed with: even certain future costs cannot be entirely eliminated.

For instance. my home State of Kansas three years ago paid 93 million dollars of direct taxes for the support of State and local governments, Last year the total direct taxes levied in Kansas for State and local purposes, I am in. formed, was only a little more than 70 million dollars. Kansm people, through the local taxing bodies and through the noteworthy efforts of Governor Woodr mg, actually cut their direct tax burden nearly 25 per cent in three years' time. Random Thoughts By CHARLES H.

JOSEPH yee rs. These Arctic heroes, tishakov. Itrvantsev, Hodov end Zburalev were taken ofT by the "Runtime' which deposited four new explorers for a year's sojourn. Among them, Nina Petrovna Demme, the most famous woman Arc ic explorer. Previously.

with tier husband, sbe wintered two years at the radio station at Calm Bay, Honker Island, Franz-Josef Lend. Along with the hunter Maximov, chief of the station; Jolev, the radio-operator, a Zenkow, meteorologist, she Is now living in the dark of the long Arctic night, ice-bound in the little cabin on the tiny rock of Kamenev Island. Ag he drifting checkerboard of farms, cities and forests passes thousands of fc-t beneath him, Mr. Roosevelt may lift a telephone at his elbow and the magic of science will carry his vnice I hrough the air to the White house. In less time than It takes to put an ordinary telephone call through, he can talk with his office or any government department.

Privacy against listeners-In may he assured by means of a wale-length that is proof against eavesdroppers. An apparatus of this sort has been used successfully in Italy. The news that Mr. Roosevelt intends to travel by plane whenever possible reached Washington ea rly in December. It made many higher-ups in federal officialdom take notice.

Among these were Chief Moran and other members of the Secret Service whose job it is to guard the lif. and person of the President. from the moment he is elected until his successor takes over. In its day, the White House Secret Service has encountered numerous tough problems In protecting Presidents against cranks. crowds and the curious, but the most baffling problem of them all arose when the question came up as to how to protect a flying President.

When the President leaves the White House the Secret Service goes with aim. The quiet-mannered, alert men who guard his every move are at his elbows in processions, stand guard in the Presidential train and surround hitn unobtrusively when he makes a public address or attends a ceremony. For years on cnd. the Service has guarded Presidents, and guarded them well. Some White Hnuse tenants accepted its surveillance smilingly.

some sourly. others, like Theodore Roosevelt and Wilson, liked to play hide ARTHUR CAPPER U.S. Senator from Kansas million dollars of income to help balance the budget. To require tne families of the workingmen of this country to give up 3.000 million dollars a year for beer, in order to give the Federal Government 150 million dollars in revenue, is not my idea of solving the tax problem. Suppose we cut 1,000 million dollars elf the cost of Federal Government, largely paid by persons and corporations with good Incomes, and at the same time saddle an expenditure of 3.000 million dollars a year upon the wives and children of the workingman.

I ask you, is that economically sound? I am voting at every opportunity to reduce taxes by reducing governmental costs. The number of Federal employes will have to be reduced. The wages of Federal employes will have to take some reductionit be very small on those of low salaries or wages. Unnecesary 00Vern Merit nterprises will have to be abandoned. Many necessary Government tivi ties will have to be curtailed.

We have reached the point where we will have to cut costs until it hurtsand hurts a lot. Appropriations are paid for by the taxpayers, by you and by me and our neighbors and fellow citizens. The money dom not come from the Federal Treasury in reality. It just roes through the Federal Treas. ury.

It comes from the taxpayers of the country. In this connection I am going to quote a warning issued contests of rats Page Cogroght Congress Nation Disappointed in Law Makers 15 gl Irtirll my colleagues that the people are getting Impatient. The people want results and are going to get results, from us or from some other source. Now a word about the other big item of fixed charges upon the people of this country. Debts are just es much of a fixed charge.

They also are a first lien on our property and incomes. And the total of debts, public and private. in this country today is astoundingnearly 000 millions-200 billion dollars. That means more than 10,000 million dollars of Interest charges due, to say nothing of maturing obligations. TAXES.

14 billion dollars. INTEREST. 10 billion dollars. INTEREST AND TAXES. 24 billion dollars.

That 24 billion dollars al interest and taxes is a load than the People of this cougarY can carry. It is my judgment that Oangress faces the even bigger lob of making provision to relieve the situation of the debtor. We cannot get out of this situation unless this is done. The debt problem has reached the point where it will not solve itself, nor can it be anivrd by Individual agreements between erednors and debtor's. Government must, assist In solving the debt problem, as well as in solving the tax problem.

Kara Sea Opened to Ships for Trading CIA) Akikv His name may be Woodin, but, the money he has authorized for the country Isn't. That drastic rut In salaries bits left the talkie industry speechless. The man who saves money in Ills socks can never get a kick out of it. While banks appreciate elastic currency, they are not keen for rubber checks. One hundred and twenty million people have been telling a President what to do.

60 Its a relief to have a President telling 120,000,000 people what to do. Now that beer has been definitely promised this spring everybody's getting ready for a bung-up time. The man who kites checks is usually a high flier in finance. When banks go on a holiday our expenditures also take a vacation. to our Kansas legislature by the Kansas Agricultural Council and you and I both know that If there is any group suffering from the tax burden today it is agriculture.

In the face of this situation the Kansas Agricultural Council adopted the following resolution. which I give to you without further comment: "The ate Legislature Is warned against wrecking the State, country and municipal governments In the name of economy. The council recalls that 70 wear of constructive work has been put into the institutions of Kansas, and declares that while tax reduction desirable and necessary, it would be only a partial solution of present distressing conditione! 193a, by lg. Y. Las.

That is worth while. Other States in the Middle West are moving in the same direction. Frankly, the Federal Govern. ment has not been able to do such a good Job. The country Is disappointed in Congress for not effecting more economies.

The country is disappointed that the last session of Congress hed not done more in the line of governmental economies. The extent of Rovernmental economy actually under way to date is a proposition put the House by vtich the families of the laboring men of the country would buy 3.000 million dollars' worth of beer to give the Federal Government 160 Only the radio and the airplane have made these permanent polar stations possible. Last summer for the first time an airplane hangar was built at Calm Bay, Franz Josef Land. and a hydroplane is being used to chart the Wands. In the three years since it was founded.

this outpost ha grown into a modern and well-equipped settlement with twenty-eight colonists. It has a main house, a club house, a herbarium, a radio laboratory, aetinometry pavilion and an air driven dynamo. With '7 plittp I ge of etive 111EATZ.Si MESS INFORViATION BURIAL) voa, VcI I IlaumnomEmmtullemminemmeors.