Arizona Republic from Phoenix, Arizona • Page 10

Phoenix, Friday 5,. 1933 Arizona Characters In Silhouette Gcronimo, Shrewdest And Most Deadly Of Apache Leaders government dealt un- A JuHtly with me, and the treaty mad? In KkcMon canyon not kept." Thun upoke Gcronimo, i chief, to S. 11. Barrett at Fort SHI. Oklahoma, a Bhort limn before the death.

Thlo xumn up the notorious attitude toward the United PUiU-d irovernnwnt and military au- during the years that he wan hHd a priiioncr in the Southern 1 know not how These things be I tell the ale 'twas told to ma. PROF. MURDOCK Perhapn more discussion has over the capture and imprisonment of Gcronimo and his band of Apac-Iii's than over any other affair connected with our Indian history. Let it be remembered that Geronimo and bin band surrendered to the American troops in Skeleton canyon. Arizona, in 1SSC after a Ions: career of depredations involving any number of murders on the part of the Apaches.

He was detained nnrl protected from the civil ftiithoritieH a8 a prisoner of war of the United States, deported from his mountain home In Soulli- f'flHtern Arizona and kept at various military points in Florida, Alabama and Oklahoma until the day of death in 1909. In view of the fart that the capture nnd imprisonment of this Apaclie chief Is regarded as one of the most notable exploits of the American army In all of our Indian history, we may very well try to cet ut the straight 01 the story ami what rredit is due. Without doulit Geronimo, although he had only Kinnll band of followers, was one of the shrewdest of American Indians and most formidable foe of the white man. Few Indians in the history nf this continent surpassed him In 1he part which he played durinc a long life. While there are numerous tribes of Apache Indians scattered throughout three-fourths of Arizona and half of New Mexico with a portion of Sonwrn and Chihuahua in flirt Mexico included, the Chiri- cnHua in the mountains of county, Arizona, and the Atfila nr Hot Springs, Apaches ico a IT tribes.

They were closely related Southwestern New Mex- tutstnnding anionj? these peoples and often co-operated in their wars with the white man. Geronimo is said to have been born in the year 18:9 in the eastern part of Arizona near the head- walers of the Gila river. While he was much younger than either of these two. he grew up with such outstanding Indian leaders as Man- pus Colorado and Cochise. If history The house at Old San Carlos, fam.liar to many both white and redskin.

of Southeastern Arizona. Swilling persuaded the huge old warrior to come peaceably with them alone. This Colorado did. That night the guards were Instructed to shoot the Apache it he should make an attempt to escape. As he slept near the fire one of the soldiers heated his bayonet in the coals and poked the hot iron into the old chief.

He arose with a yell of pain and was Khot down under the pretext that he was attempting to escape. No doubt his captors on that occasion felt that a jjood deal of time and trouble could be saved the civil authorities in dealing out to the old savage what he deserved and must have expected. After the death of Mangus Colorado, Cochise was a recognized leader of the Apaches for the next 11 years. Cochise had been started on the warpath by an attempt made to arrest him at Apache Pass in I860. Accordingly Cochise and the combined Chiricahua and Hot Springs Apaches carried on a war of extermination against the white settlers with deadly effect.

Geronimo as a young buck grew up in this bloody school of warfare and got a type of training as well as an attitude toward the whites that determined his whole course afterward. Previous to the supposed wrongs done to Manirus Colorado and to Cochise, which fired Gcronimo with as much hatred as Cochise had shown, Geronimo had sworn an oath against the Mexicans. All Apaebes hated all Mexicans, for that matter, for from the very beginning of Spanish settlements in New Spain there had been unremitting war between the Apaches and the Mexicans. This hereditary hate was increased by the fact that in 1858 Geronimo's mother, wife and three children had been killed in the Sierra Madre mountains by Mexican troops. From that day forward Gcr- onimo had a grwiter hatred for Mexicans than Hannibal ever felt toward Romans.

Gcronimo was not a chief of the Apaches by inheritance, though he was a recognized war chief because of his earlier exploits. Natches, one of the sons of Cochise, was the hereditary chief of the Chiricahuas, but seems to have deferred to the leadership of Geronimo. Natches and Geronimo were companions in arms, brothers in crime, and fellow prisoners of the United States government after 1SS6. Geronimo was an Indian politician whose earlier exploits showed that he could fight savagely, and whose later cx- Hidalgo with Mexico, by which we acquired this whole Southwest, our government agreed to stop Apache depredations against Mexicans and to recompense damages done by our Indians. Within less than five years it became apparent that the United States government had contracted to do much more than it could perform.

Accordingly, when James Gadsdcn was sent to Mexico to purchase a strip of land lying south of the Gila river, he was instructed by President Franklin Pierce to offer Mexico ten million dollars to get Article XI of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo cancelled and thils release the United States from responsibility for Apache depredations in Mexico. It is true that Gadsden succeeded in getting that particular clause canceled by the treaty of 1853. Even so, our government tried to prevent depredation in Mexico committed by our Apaches. It should be understood that Arizona Apaches were as much at home in the Sierra Madre mountains of Old Mexico as in the Chiricahua mountains of Arizona. Skeleton canyon in the extreme southeastern corner of this state vas a favorite runway for maraud- ng Apache bands chasing back and orth across the international border.

For that matter, the vere frequently chased back and 'orth by American troops. In the year 1877, Geronimo escaped from the San Carlos reservation and got over into New Mexico among his kinsmen, the Ho Springs Apaches. Agent John Ulum and his Apache police brough Geronimo back to San Carlos in chains and kept him in the guan louse. However, Clum left the San Carlos reservation about this tim and Geronimo was released. I long until he was out'witf a war party and on his way to th Sierra.Madre mountains ot Mexico Crook And Miles After Geronimo Gen.

George Crook had taker command of the Department of Ari zona and Bent troops at once afte eronimo into Mexico. We ha made arrangement by that tim with the republic of Mexico which the troops of either countr could pursue Indian renegade across the line into the neighborin country in an effort to captur them. The necessary arrangmen between the two republics to cap ture or kill the Indian outlaws indi cates co-operation between Mexic and the United States, but at leas one time it had an unhappy effec of onlv three i ploits i ndicated great cunning and -hot he lut d'Plo'nacy. Geronimo could outwit igus Colorado. utwit a Sreat many WhitC should itndorstiiod Hint this arrangement Is arr chronological rather than on anv other basis.

a preserves the names SM-HSSSSS on his tisual vocation ol forays into Mexico, robbing land plundering Mexican villages and Three Notorious Apaches Iherding Vive stock across the line Colorado, or "Red Sleeves" to Arizona, Of course, the United was growing to manhood on the of Arizima and Nrw Moxi- co when Sylvi-slor and James Ohio Pattic first i into tho nppnr Ciln pnuntry to trap. It seems quite prohiiblo thin Hefl Sleeves got his from the circumstance that he stole cached stores that 1lie Patties luu. concealed, including a red sweater which was the Indian's prized possession. Others say his name, Mangus Colorado, is derived from his practice of bathing his arms in the blood of his victims. In imy old Mangus Colorado was the terror to Mexicans first and Anglo Americans later for a third of a century.

After life of fighting and crime, old Chief Red Sleeves by the year 1S6S had about decided that lie would like to live at peace with the white mnn. It appears that Jnck Swilling, founder of Phoenix, and Home other white rneu came upon MaiiRiis Colorado and a small hand of Apaches in the mountains States Kovernment attempted to stop this but was not so very successful in doing so. Mexico Promised Too Much In 1848 when our government negotiated the treaty of Guadalupe Captain American Crawford, leading troops against Apaches some miles south of th ne In Old Mexico, came upon some Mexican, troops suddenly and -the fexican soldiers' fired the Americans killing Captain Crawford and wounding several of our; men. "his was regarded as te mistake and on the ground that the American troops were led by a "considerable number Apache scouts. 'Soon after the eath of Captain Geronimo and Natches agreed to accompany the American troops back into Vrizona.

They started back. bu1 hese two renegade leaders, with a mall band of warriors, broke away rom the soldiers at the Slaughter ranch and fled to the high mountains of Old Mexico. Geronimo aft- maintained that General Crook deceived However, II far more likely that it was bad whisky furnished the Indians by un- crupulous traders that caused these ndians to bolt on this occasion. In ober truth. General Crook was regarded as too humane in dealing vith Geronimo.

General Miles peneral Crook, and carried on a strenuous campaign to capture or kill these desperate redskins. He succeeded well due to the efforts of Chares B. Gatewood. In a conference between Lieutenant Gatewood and ieronimo, the wily old chief agreed surrender upon certain terms. One of the conditions was that the Apaches were to be protected from he civil authorities and sent somewhere outside of Arizona.

When hese Apaches were brought to Jowie and loaded onto a Southern Pacific train to be shipped East, peace officers were there with warrants to arrest all of these leaders on the charge of murder. Without doubt, every one of these Apaches would have been be civil authorities could have had charge of them. Geronimo complained that the terms of the agreement were not kept. However, the act that he lived more than 20 ears longer is evidence that part of the agreement was kept Geronimo Has A Story Geronimo was put to hard labor as a. prisoner of war at Fort Pickens in Florida and at Vermont, and was finally brought to Fort Sill, 3Rla.

During his last years at Sill he was released from hard abor and given considerable liberty. During these years he accepted the Christian religion, and excited considerable sympathy throughout the because it seemed that he lad accepted the white man's civil- zation. Certain prominent citizens such as Superintendent Greenwood of Kansas City, took an interest in the life story of Geronimo, and the old Apache was persuaded tell the story of his life to S. M. Barrett.

At first the military authorities were unwilling to have such a biography presented, but President Theodore Roosevelt took a hand in the matter and we have Geronimo's "Story of His Life," edited by Itar- rett. It goes without saying that Arson Suspect Is Sentenced Lillie A. Vance, 46 years old, was sentenced to one to two years In prison yesterday for second-degree arson in connection with a fire which damaged her home March 15 at 1743 West Monroe street C. H. Younjr-and Paul Feehan, immediately gave no- J5 PP eal to the supreme court, obtained from J.

c. NHes. trial judgie, a certificate of reasonable sroundsi for appeal, then filed ani affidavit of inability on the part of! their client to pay the costs of car-1 ryme the case to the higher court! Mrs. Vance was taken to the state! prison yesterday afternoon. Before sentence.

Judge lies denied motions for a new trial nd for probation. Mrs. Vance was convicted by a ury which heard four days of trial roceedings. Firemen introduced as tate witnesses told of findlns in he residence evidence that gaschine ad been placed on furniture. must take with a grain.of:salt hat the old renegade has to sav bout General Crook, or General lies, or the American army.

We robably ought also to discount hatever opinions he may have to Tpress concerning- the Mexican rmy or Mexicans in general. What conclusions may we safely raw? That in'this unfortunate, ir- epressible conflict between the hite race and the boldest of the red I ace, the Apache nation, many rongs were committed on both des. We should recognize that erpmmo was the shrewdest, most nnrnff, and the second most dead- of all the Apache leaders He ad a high moral code, if truthful- ess alone be considered, but he as a cutthroat and a murderer to he nth degree. DeltaThetas To Have Tea The Delta Theta Sorority of the Arizona State Teachers College at Tempe will entertain its -alumnae members at a tea to be given to morrow afternoon, at the home Mrs. Frank Empey.

East Sixth street. Tempe, from 2 to 5 clock from'all the state! and swimming party, have been invited. (planned for this date, has The Delta Theta alumnae definitely postponed. It's Hit! The talk of the country Tenderloin of Trout AXD TARTAR SAUCE Inrluillnc Soup. Snliid.

Hot Brrud, JJrssrrl. Drink 25C Special Sandwiches and Bottle of Beer Served 11 a. m. to 9 p. m.

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