The South Bend Tribune from South Bend, Indiana • 1

it! t'-f! il M-. li i i 1 i K. I I i Saturday Circulation, Mht LAST BDITION -t II eV IVOL. XLTV. NO.

201. SOUTH BEND, INDIANA, MONDAY EVENING, JANUARY 22, 1917. MEMBER ASSOCIATED FBWS IT'LL LEASED W1KK BBHYICK PRICE TWO CENTS. 1 1 ft LKVieV sll'1 W7IZ IF LANDMARK I PRESIDENT POINTS TO BASIS FOR SETTLEWIT DESTROYED III LASTING PEACE FOR ALL NATIONS OF AND it. WILSON'S WORLD POLICY UNITED STATES SHOULD HAVE SAYS CHIEF EXECUTIVE TO WOULD GIVE COUNTRIES For First Time Since George Washington, Chief Executive, Speaks to Administrative! Power Regarding Treaties and Their Influence Upon Welfare of America- Is in Favor of Freedom for Poles.

I i wy w.m a PLACE IN fONFERENCE, MEMBERS; OF SENATE GATE TOi HIGH SEAS is if i. known decided to take the opportunity to let the American people and the world at? large know of his views on means for establishing, permanent peaae.lt If In hla address fas prepared, the president entered nto the underlying bases on. which thej believes peace can be pn the expressed lhe0ry that States cannot be neutral In another great war, he American people to know definitely his position on jth subject. I Might Shorten Conflict, From the beginlng of the peace negotiations President "Wilson has work ed on the theory that If art agreement could be reached oft means of prevent ing future wars, uch an agreement would constitute the "guaranties" dte-sired by both Rides, and might lead to a shortening of the present conflict. The President's Address.

The president isifoke as follows: Gentlemen of the senate: 'On the 18th of December last I ad dressed an identic pnote to the government of the nowi at war them to slate, more definitely than. had' yet! bfeeifr stated by either group of belligerents, the terms upon whH-thywHrteeeUM make peace. 1 1 1 spoke on behaK humanity and of ti rights of all neu nations Hke our own, many of whose most vital Interests, the war puts in constant jeopardy. i ine central powers united in a reply which stated merely that they were ready, to meet thiri antagonists in eonfrenee to diecuas peace, 1 The entente i powers have replied much more definitely have; stated, in general terms. Indeed, but with sufficient! defltenes to imply details.

that arrangements; guarantees and acts of reparation which? they deem to be the indispensable conditions of a satisfactory settlement. Arrives at Something Definite. "We are that mvich nearer a definite discussion of the peace Iwhich shall ena the present We are that much nearer the discussion of the international concert which Itnust there after hold the world at peace. In every discussion of flie peace that must end this war it: ii taken for granted that that peace-: must be followed ty if" deflnlte concert of ower- which wiU make it virtually lmipssle that any such catastrophe should ever ov erwhelm us again. Kvery lover of mankind.

I every jr sane and! thoughtful man rauet take that for granted. nave sought this opportunity to address you because I thought that 1 1 owed it to as the council associated with me the final, determination of our international I obligations, to disclose to you without 'reserve, the thought and purpose that have been taking form in my mind in regard to the duty of our government in these days to come, when it wlH be neces sary to lay a fresh and upon a new plan, the foundations of (peace among the nations. il i Opportunity' for America. "tt Js Inconceivable that the people of the United States should play no part in that great -enterprise. To take part in.

such a service wilt be the-opportunity for which they have sought to prepare themselves by the very principles and purposes of ithelr policy and the approved practices of their government, ever since the days when they set up a new nation in the high and honorable hope that it might in all that it was and did, show mankind the way to -liberty. They cannot, in honor, withhold the servfcee to which they are now about to be chaHenged. xney do not wish; to withhold it. But they owe it to themselves and to the iotner nations fuauuin js worm to state the conditions under which they will feel free to render K. That service.

Is nothing leas than lain to aid their authority and their power Mo the authority and force of other nations to guarantee peace and jueuce tnroughou: the world. Such a settlement can not now be long post- uuneo. ii is right that before it comes this government should frank 1" urum-ie me conditions nin which it would feel Justified in asking iir peojpie to approve Its; formal and rciauni aanerence to a league for peacei am here to attempt to state Conclusion of War First. "The present war must first he end ed; but we owe It to candor and to a just regard 'for the opinion of man kind to say that so far as our participation in guarantees of future neace Is concluded, it 'makes a great deal of difference in whafc way and upon -what terms it is (ended. The treaties and agreements which Msg It to an end maat sjaJSody Urnm wbloK win creaa I President Wilson said to the senate to-day In part, as followei i 1 Ml am; proposing, as It were, that the nations should with one 'accord adopt the doctrine of President Mon roe as the doctrine of the woridi fTiat no nations should seek to extend ts policy over any other nation or people, but that every people should be left free to determine its own policy, Ite own way of development, unhindered, unthreatened, unafraid, the little along with the great and 1 "I am! proposing that all nations henceforth avoid entangling alliances which Would draw them itno competition' of power.

"I am 'proposing government by the consent of the governed; that freedom of the seas which In international conference 'after conference representatives of United States have urged the eloquence of those who are convinced disciples of "These are American principles, American We stand for no a peace I that is worth grjaranttelng and preserving, a peace that wil the approval of mankind; not mjeely a peace that will serve the several Interests! and Immediate aims ojthe rlatlona engaged. We shall no voice In determining what those terms shall bel "but we shall, I feel sure, have a voice in determining whether they shall be made lasting or not by tbe guarantees of a universal conven-ant and tour judgment upon what is fundamental and essential as a Condition precedent to permanency should be epoken now, not afterwards, when It may he too late. JS No of co-operative peace that doe's not include the peoples of the world can suffice to keep-the future sife against war and yet there merica couId oJn ln T' ij Must Gain Confidence. 1 "The elements of that peace must be elements that engage the confidence and satisfy the principles of the American governments, elements consistent with their political faith and the practical convictions which the peoples of America have once for all embraced and undertaken to defend. "I do inot mean to -say that any American government! 'would throw any obstacle in the way of any terms of peace the governments now at.

war might agree upon or seek to upset them when made, whatever they might be. I only take it for granted that mere terms of peace between' the belligerents will not satisfy even the belligerents themselves. Mere agreements may not make peace It will be absolutely necessary that a force be; created as a guarantor of the permanency of the settlement i so much greater than the force of any nation now engaged, or any alliance hitherto formed or projected, than no nation, no probable Combination of nations Uould face withstand it. If the peace presently to be made is to endure it must be, a peace made Secure by the organized major force fO mankind. I "The terms of the immediate peace agreed upon will determine whether it is a peace for which such a guaran tee can be secured.

The question upon which tbe wholef uture peace and plo- icy ox the world depends Is this? I Question of ii "Is the present war a struggle for a Just and secure peace or only for new balance of power? If It be only a struggle for a new balance of power, who will guarantee, who can guaran tee, the! stable equillbrulm of the new arrangement Only a tranquil Europe can be a stable Europe. There must do, not; a Daiance power, but a community of power; not organized rivalries, but an organized common peace. i "Fortunately we have received! very explicit assurances on this point. The statement of both of the groups of nations now arrayed against one an Other have said, in terms that could hot be misinterpreted, that it was no part! of tbe. purpose that they had in mind to crush their antagonists.

But the, implications of these assur ances may not De equally clear to all r-may not be the same on both 'sides of the water. I think it will a'erv Iceable if I attempt to set forth what we understand them to be. ii -They Imply first of all It must be a peace without victory. It is not pleasant to say this. I beg- that I may be permitted to -put my own In terpretatlon upon it and that it may be understood that no other interpretation was in my thought I am seek ing only to face realities and to face them soft Vic tory would mean peace forced upon the loeer, a victor's terms Imposed upon tne vanquished.

Would Leave Sting. "It would be accepted in humiliation, under duress, at an intolerable 'secrl-fice and would leave a sting, a resent ment, a bitter memory upon Which terms peace would rest, not perma nently, but only as upon quicksand. Only a peace between equals can last; only a peace the -very principle; of which is equality and a common par ticipation in a common benefiti The right state of mind, the right feeling Ceatinaea es Page Tva MOTION5 PICTURE HOUSE GUTTED BY FLAMES AND i JS TOTAL WRECK LOSS IS ABOUT $40,000 Frank Chapman, Lessee i of Amusemnt! Place, Believes Blaze to Have Been of Incendiary Origin. Fire, thourht to have been of ln- cendiary origin, tlestroyed the Colonial theater. 127-129 Xorth Michigan street.

early this morning. The loss is estimated at with no Insurance. The stock of the Beyer Floral com rany in the north part of tSne building, though untouched by the flames, is considered a total loss from smoke and water. Fireman James Scott, of N'o 2 truck, company, was overcome by gas and smoke and was taken to police headquarters, where he recovered. The fire Is supposed to have started in the basement shortly after midnight, but it as not until a.

m-that the flames twerp discovered by Patrolman I-Tank Wendowskl, who i i rvlfo. ivmis I sent, in i ii luk hvim -v and etreet. Within 17 min utes tne nre companies Trre uiun on the1 burning: structure, Tbe fire had gained such headway, noweer, that It was not until three hours later thnt th fire was under control. At 8 o'clock Fire Chief Irving eitorel considered It safe to withdraw practically nil r.r th pomranies from the gutted structure. Working against the Are, with every thought centered on tne prevention of a spread of the flames to adjoining buildings were the chem-Imal.

aerial and ladder trucks. and hose companies Xos. 1, 4. 5, and T. Building Owned by Hainee Egbert.

Th huildlns: was owned by Italne Egbert, Goehen. The leases were tld hT G. R. summers, propnuor of the Colonial theater, and the Beyer Floral which need the nrt and second floors of the north half of the building. The incendiary theory or tne rigm of the fire is credited to Frank G.

riianmn manager of the amuse- unu TTp save the Are must have begun in the basement. This part of the theory is born out by the movement of the flames as shown by the appearance of the hulk of the build-in a round hole was burned through the main and second floor, leaving the outer edges of the floors in a sagging position. On the second floor, short work was made of the number of sleeping rooms which had been un occupied for some time, all Demg quickly destroyed. The third floor, until recently occupied try the club rooms of South TBend Aerie, o. Jo, F.

O. B. was treated in the same manner. Third Flpe In Three Year. fr.

Cnaoman eta ted that he would not credit this theory of the origin of the fire had It "begun In any other part of the bulidrng. in spite the raet. mm. -that this is the third blate the theater ha had in a like number of years. "It seems Impossible to me that It could have had an accidental origin." said Mr.

Chapman. Tor one thlnr" he continued. "It hn at least an hour after every body had left the building. The fact that started In the basement dls-of the idea that it was caused bmmU v1 eaaa waa nn nrh. bfeh nor garbage etored in the base ment.

But above aH. why should we hv three fires In three Tears? There Is little doubt In my mind that the fire was not an accident." Firsmen Handicapped. The firemen labored against the flame under hfeaw strain, the blsh. wind, blowing almost a gale and tbe rria-iri ternneraurre. niacins; the mem bers of tbe department in a haxxard- ou battle.

BeCau! of the high wind it was that several build ings adjoining the burning structure would fall prey to the flames, but heroic work of the firemen kept th flames from e-Dreadlnr and thereby causing one of the most disastrous in South Bend. In flgbtuig the names 10 streams cf wansr were played on the building and adjoining buildings, and within a few minutes the roofs and walls, as well as the ladders used by the firemen were coated with Ice, thus greatly increasing the danger to the men working- against the blaze. Hotel GuSsts Frightened. Within a few minutes after the Are had been discovered guests of the Crescent hotel on Michigan street. ani of the Colfax hotel, cn Colfax avenue, but separated from the theater building only by an alley, hurrledl Sy Associated WASHINGTON, Jan.

22.. President "Wilson, to-day, addressed the United States senate upon broad quest ions affecting the position of the American govern- ii 'ta? i raenx ana mose uauous now nu war. The first intimation that 'i the president would speak to the senate "came at 11 o'clock when Vice President Marshall laid before the senate a letter from President Wilson stating that h6 had an important communication relating to foreign affairs which he deemed it his duty to lay be-fore the members and which he would like to present in person, The president began his speech nt 1 o'clock. It is said that no ather president since Washington has made such an appearance. Peace League is Object.

Although" no official explanation of the president's precedent breaking ac tlon was given in advance oec-arac known to Senator Stone, chairman of me lore in ii remuum wmium other senators in touch with roreign nalrs. that the president felt t'm had come when the senate which la clothed with the treaty making power sould be Informed of the status of the movement to bind the nations together In Kmc. sort of league to pre ent recurrence of war. Some officials thought Great Britain's recent acceptance of the idea expressed In the supplementary note Irom Foreign Minister Balfour, had advanced the situation to the point, where the president decided to.address the senate, where there Is a decided dvirgfcnce of opinion as to whether the United States should abandon its policy of isloatlon and enter Into any sort of a world league. lit was pointed out that Great Brit-tin.

speaking obviously for her allies made the acceptance of the plan 1 principle complete, for Germany and her allies accepted it In that -manner In their reply to President Wilson's reace note. before the receipt of roreign Minister Balfour's note, Pres-! ldent Wilson told inquirers he had nothing on the subject of peace to warrant an appearance before congress. His decision to address the senate ecomlng almost Immediately lifter the receipt of Greajt Britain's r.ote, led many officials to believe that it had been one of the determining factor British Note Paved Way. The Brlteh note agreed that "'belli rid international law and behind all treaty arrangements for preventing or I'mlting hostilities some form of inter, national sanction should be devised which would give pause to the hardiest uggressor." Germany in her reply to the president's peace note accepted the principle but expressed the opinion that "the great work for the prevention of future -wars can first be taken up only fter the ending of the present conflict cf exhaustion. "The imperial is said the German note, "when this point has teen reached, to co-ope ratee with the United States in this) sublime task Those who have been watching Ihe practicable deadlock of the effort to get both sets of belligerents to state terms on which some sort of peace negotiations might be started.

have! Llleved for some time that the broad cioestioB of preserving world peace after, the war might provide ground en which some aobstantlal progress might be made, which at any tlmt might tnf a itaJUkm which would actually make for the ending of the war. These officials have felt that the president's next move, would be along that line. Greatest Qusstion Sines '61. It is realized on every hand that a proposal to engage the United States by treaty or otherwise in agreements with foreign nations will develop the rreatcteq question and probably the most spectacular contest In congress since the tlvil war. Senators hold grave doubts as to whether the president has power to commit the country to such a plan without the authority of congress and others doulbt whether congress has power to endorse such action without any amendment to the constitution.

The president considers the aenate councilor' conducting the for-IgA Affairs of the nation. It was mafia A REAL THRILLER. CITY EXPERIENCES i UNUSUAL WEATHER FOG. THAWAND GALE I COME IN WEEK END. i 1 Street Car; Servioe Impaired and Tele-j phone Communication Interrupted fralne Runnin gLate.

I A mild buzzard, which later turned to sleet, tying up city street car service for a time. Interrupted lnterurban ii traffic, delaying trains and turning snow covered walks and streets into ice, whici jthen dlsapeared with a thaw s.ndj became aggravated with a drop in temperature, are the weather conditions which South Bend experienced during the past week end. I Street car? schedules were not during the day, all cars running late. No sooner had the snow been cleared away, than the sleet came, causing the rails to become Ice covered. This likewise delayed the ears, and the heavy fog iri early evening made it impossible to run cars at Vie rate of speed.

The sleet played havoc with telephone communication. The Home company reported that the gale threw between 60 and 75 local telephones out of commission, and eight toll lines down. In the latter case, the. wires became leashed together, whipped by the high wind, and prevented service. Linemen were rapidly establishing normal conditions, it was reported.

The Bell company declared that the storm had not seriously impaired its service, and; that communication over toll lines was maintained. West bound- trains from points east of South Bend were all running from an hour toan hour and a half late. Interurbans were late Sunday, but today both the city and lnterurban service had been restored to normal The thawi of yesterday evening was succeeded by a drop in temperature to 20 degrees above which had it not been for a light fall of snow, would have made walking extremely hazardous. BISHOP IS RECOVERING. i Second of Lost Aviators in Arizona Hospital.

By Associated Press. TTXMA. Ariz-, Jan. 22. (Lieut.

Col. Harry G. Bishop, second of the lost army aviators to be rescued from the Sonora desert, with his limbs girollen and bruised la convalescing in a hospital here to-day. He -wilt Tecover from the weak and exhausted physical condition caused 4y his experience, unless there are unforeseen complications, 4t was stated by physicians. He slept in a bed last night for the first time he Jan.

10 from North island aviation station with Lieut. A. Robertson on their attempt at a cross country flight to Cal-extco, Califi Robertson returned from Ban Diego last Saturday and Is recuperating at a hotel there. Pioneer Secessionist Dead. By Associated Press.

MORGAXTOWJf W. Va, Jan. 22. Capt. Alpheus Garrison, aged 84, one of the taat two surviving members of the convention held In Wlteeling in 1801, when West Vfrgijala seceded from Virginia, fannies a eparata states CITIZENS RESPOND; i TO HOUSING NEEDS 6TUDEBAKER EXPANSION WILL BE PROVIDED FOR.

MEANS 1,000 HOUSES Bankers and Real Estate Board to Formulate Plan to Meet Immediate Increaeo of Popula-tlon of City. BT C. X. FASSETT. Representatives of the real estate board and the bankers of the city will within the next 30 days formulato a housing plan to take care of 00 to families to be added to the population of South Bend the present year through expansions at the plant of the StudeboJker corporation.

This decision was reached at a luncheon given by A. R. Grsklne, pros ldent of the Studefoaker corporation. at the administration building Satur day noon, which was attended by SS or more representatives of the bank-log, real estate and mercantile inter-eats of the city, selected by the Chamber of Commerce. i In placing the proposition before ihe conference Brskine premised hie remarks with the etatement that the zHudebaker corporation does not care to assume the relation of landlord toward its employes and therefore must not be considered in the formula, tlon of bousing plana The responsibility of providing houses for the increased population must rest on the financial and commercial interests of tbe city.

Faced by Expansion. "Lost said Mr. Ersklne, we srere confronted by the problem of expansion either In Detroit or in South Bend. If we chose South Bend the question became one of housing and we must maJke sure that in bringing people here we can provide them with suitable homes. We have made con tracts for the construction of a foundry and macfoine shop which are to completed by the middle of September or the flrjpt of October.

In these departments we will employ approximately 700 expert mechanics drawing from IS to 110 a day. They will be able to pay fair rent for suitable modern houses i or to buy homes of their own. This expansion will add materially to our pay roll here. Last year we gave employment to 5.200 men and paid out in wages tA 2,000. "We recognize the right of the work-iagman to have a decent place to live.

His home must be sanitary and ade-r ovate for his needs, within convenient distance of his place of employment or efficient street-car service. Cannot Make Mistake. We are making these expansions on the assumption that business will continue to be good, based on our estimates of sales for the years to come. 'We do not anticipate there ill to a recession, but should there be there MILITARY TRAINING TO CENTER III CITY SOUTH! BEND HEADQUARTERS I FOR WYOMING PLAN. IDEA IS DEMONSTRATED i Battalion of Cadets at Culver Academy Illustrate Working of System of Which Capt.

E. Z. Steever a Originator. Ten men from South Bend inter ested In high school military training visited Culver Military academy, Cul ver, Saturday afternoon and attended a cadet tournament in dem-onetrat on of the Wyoming plan of military training under the personal direction of i CMPt. OSdgar Z.

Steever, U. A. Those who made the trip were fJ (Fulton, F. I "Denrls, Sergt. George Campbell, Joseph B.

Neft. J. S.J iMcCowan, J.fF. (Nuner, Warde I Mack, I C. Frank, H.

W. Eldrtdge and M. F. Bovard. i i Eighty-five men iwere present, repre senting! high schools in the larger towns of the central west.

Four superintendents had come from Kansas, and hjgfa scthool at Dee (Moines paid the way of two students In order that they might report the demonstration. The ISouta Bend painty was the larg est and was immediately tsfcen In charge toy R. Gignllllat, super. intendent of the academy. An informal reception was held after which the entire party dined in the mess hall wHh the cadets.

Caipt. Steever detailed Lieut. J. I Frlnk. U.

who le at the head of the high school military training In Chicago, to explain the system The Tribune representative. i "This idea, of said the lieu "is taici-rn. as the Wyoming plan simply because, iCapt. Steewer has successfully promoted it in Wjaoming and It was from that stte that the idea became a national one. IMany -people are under the lmtpres- aion that this movement la for com pulsory military training.

That Idea is erroneous. When a sctoool- adopte tbe plan It is fut on the list c-f eVectlve studies and a student may choose to take it, It Is a voluntary movement. and not compulsory, as so many think Capt. Steever's big idea is to make tike Continued on Pas Tb lrta. THE WEATHER.

I Osier relleea By Am erlfd free WASHINGTON. Jan. 12. Tbe government weather forecast la aa Indiana Fair and colder to-night: Tuea-Aay fair, rlatnc temperature In north and central Lower Michigan Fair to-night and Tuesday except snow Annies near Lake Michigan; colder to-night, slowly rising temper-Stare Tuesday. I sVeeal Oliaai lalliaa.

The Tribune's self-regtstsrlnr thermometer indicated 17 degrees above sera at a. m. to-day; maximum temperature yesterday, 4s degrees above eere at p. m. mla-hxtara temperature, Xi above sere aixae.su Centimes fage .1.