Star-Phoenix from Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada • 42

I 42 Saskatoon Star-Phoenix Wednesday, July 9, 1969 The Apollo program Countdown for i oon shot only hours away Presenting the and Michael Collins, planned several more hours today in the command ship trainer, practicing the critical launching phase and what they would do in various emergency situations. Walter Kapryan, deputy director of launch operations, said: We are moving ahead toward launch with confidence, based on experience but not with overconfidence. Inside the cavernous tanks of the rocket, crews work in a maze of pumps, valves, fuel lines, wiring and electronic devices. They move carefully on special walkways and access platforms. Conspicuous red tags identify non-flight equipment which must be removed before blastoff.

By HOWARD BENEDICT CAPE KENNEDY, Fla. (AP) Crews of specialists painstakingly inspected the Saturn rocket end Apollo spaceship today with only hours remaining before the start of the countdown for the moon-landing mission launch. Engineers and technicians prowled the 36-storey-tall combination both inside and out. searching for possible flaws that could delay or rum the flight. The lengthy countdown is to start at 8 p.m.

EDT Thursday, aiming for a liftoff next Wednesday at 9:32 a m. The three astronauts who will make the momentous journey, Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin Security and quality control inspection is tight, said Robert Abbott, who heads the Saturn quality surveillance branch. A man must have the right badges and the right reasons to get any of the three stages, he said. Strict records are maintained on all tools used by anyone working Inside the rocket. In some cases require that tools be tethered.

Anything that goes inside, that does not fly, must come out again. Thousands of other persons who work in the centre were busy making certain there is no falldown in such areas as electncal power, fire protection, medical support, disaster con--tro! planning and logistics. event of Showtime 69 Experiments measure moons quakes, wobbles the By JIM STROTHMAN CAPE KENNEDY. Fla. (AP) Three scientific experiments to be placed on the lunar surface by the Apollo 11 astronauts may reveal for the first time how much the moon quakes and wobbles.

The instruments could tell scientists how rapidly continents on earth are drifting apart and whether the moons interior is molten mass or solid rock. They may also hear meteors striking the surface and find gas particles in radiation streaming through space from the sun. Called EASEP for Early Apollo Scientific Experiments Package, the devices were designed to help man unlock the secrets of the origin and structure of the moon. The gas particle collector will be brought back by the astronauts. But the two other instruments will operate long after Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin leave the moon.

The scientific return, because man is there on the moon, is significant, said John Small, chief of the lunar surface projects office at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Manned Spacecraft Centre. If the space agency attempted to land and deploy the same experiments on an unmanned flight, the automatic devices for putting the equipment off, locating them very precisely and levelling them would re-quire many, many more pounds. And probably youd have to cut your complexity down, he observed. Packed inside a compartment in Apollo Us lunar module are: A seismic station that can detect the slightest motions on or within the lunar crust. Aldrin is to place it about 70 feet away from the lunar module.

After carrying it to the site, he will pull a lanyard to release spring mechanisms that open power-producing solar panels. It is expected to operate for up to a year. A solar wind composition experiment consisting of a piece of aluminum foil, one foot by three, unrolled like a window shade and held upright on a telescoping stand. Aimed broadside toward the sun, the sail-like device is to trap particles of gases including helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon driven by the solar winds. Amrstrong and Aldrin are to roll the foil up again and bring it back with them for analysis.

A laser reflector, measuring about 2V2 feet square, which will reflect, like a mirror, a laser beam from earth. By measuring the time it takes for the beam to strike the reflector and bounce back to earth, scientists expect to know, within inches, exactly how far the moon is from earth. Laser measurements from different points on earth over a -long time could reveal how fast continents are drifting apart, proving or disproving theories that Africa and South America, for example, were once one big continent. The laser reflector is expected to operate for up to 10 years. 3 1 J.T31 hrr- 'r, r.rn -m'-'-l .11 11- I1 7m.r irriff MANS FIRST STEP ON THE MOON AP Wircpliuto demonstrated by Astronaut Neil A.

Armstrong Tragic fire held seeds of Apollos success die in vain, one NASA official observed. Out of that tragedy has come a better spaceship and a nationwide enginering capability able quickly to track down and resolve problems. walls and special panels to kep any fire caused by a short circuit from spreading. More than support system were armored half the solder joints in the life-to prevent leaking of dangerous gases. Space suits were made more fire-resistant, fire extinguishers were placed aboard moonships and 79 per cent of all inflammable material inside the cockpit was replaced or removed.

On the LM lander, metals were shaved and waffled to lighten the walls of the spacecraft. Fuel tanks were reduced nine pounds each by welding together two halves of thin-walled titanium tanks instead of using perts and went to work rebuilding and reorganizing. The fire resulted the death of the three astronauts and direct and indirect costs of nearly $600,000,000. But the effort also resulted in a textbook first unmanned flight of the Saturn rocket and the equally successful manned missions of Apollos 7, 8, 9 and 10 to clear the way for Apollo 11 next week. After the fire, three-man Apollo ships got a new quick-escape hatch that can be opened in three seconds, compared with the 90 seconds needed in the Apollo 1 ship Thirty miles of wiring aboard the command ship was redesigned and enclosed by fire Time 10 a.m.

on Friday, July 11. Place The Great Race starts at City Hall follows the route shown on the map be low. Quick-draw Buikwold will fire the starters pistol. Entrants The Bay, the Co-op, Eaton's and Simpsons-Scars. Drivers Four well-known Saskatoon personalities Zoc Dallas, Wal or Den, Ron Andrews and Verne Prior.

Vehicles Have no engine or transmission. What do they hae? Come and see! Extras Youll see the Blue Garter girls Miss Showtime 69 and many, many surprises along the route. Conclusion This is too good to miss. Pile the family into your car and be there bright and early to get a good view of this exciting race. See you there! NEW PROTEIN LOTION Safely CURLS, WAVES HAIR Without Permanent bolts a technical feat that required new techniques.

Apollo Us LM is the first with the lighter tanks. Food-storage areas on the LM were covered with flame-resistant material. Plastic circuit breakers were enclosed and numerous other potential fire sources sealed off. The Saturn rocket, meanwhile, had its problems. On the second unmanned launch, there were severe up-and-down vibrations.

Officials determined the vi-' bration was caused by frequencies of the engines resonating up the rest of the rockets structure. They solved it by filling cavities just above the engines with helium gas to act as a shock absorber. Other problems occurred during manned missions, including Apollo 10, but one by one these have been understood and solved. The Apollo 1 pilots did not and having numerous develop-m problems, particularly with its thin-skinned second stage. The spidery lunar module landing craft was overweight, and the Apollo 1 fire investigation also shoved the moon-lander should be made more fireproof and reliable.

Ground controllers were un-certain about earth-to-moon communications and how well astronauts could navigate to and from the moon. Safety procedures needed strengthening for the testing of spaceships and rockets on the ground. Management within NASA and its contractors were undergoing a shakeup, and no one was certain where the axe would fall next. Morale was plunging under heavy criticism by the public and Congu.s3 fof what was described as sloppy workmanship and inadequate safety procedures. With an engineering effort un-logical history, however, the tide of pessimism slowly was arrested.

The space agency and its contractors brought in outside ex By JIM STROTHMAN CAPE KENNEDY. Fla. (AP) Two and a half years ago, the United States space program was stunned by the launch-pad fire that killed three astronauts. Now, as Apollo reaches for the moon, it is becoming clear that in the ashes of that tragic fire lay the seeds of the near-perfection that has marked the four manned Apollo flights. After the fire, manned Apollo launchings ceased for 21 months while the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and its contractors sought to rectify the mistakes.

The errors were found and resolved. The Apollo 11 astronauts are ready to land on the moon July 20 five months ahead of the 1970 deadline set by President John F. Kennedy. Investigation after the Jan. 27, 1967, tragedy showed that major changes were needed in the mooncraft.

At the time of the Cape Kennedy fire, the 3b3-foot-tall Saturn rocket was 10 months away from its first unmanned flight Waving No matter how straight and hard to curl your hair la, just spray on new discovery PERFORM LOTION with PROTEIN. Comb through hair, put up on regular curlers or pins. Overnight hair takes on soft lustrous casual waves and curls as lovely as natural wavy hair, safe for all typea hair, even dyed hair. And no matter how damp or rainy the weather, your hair atava as neat and wavy tii 7th dav as the first. Conditions dry hair, tights dandruff.

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Moon machines 2.4t st. The Fabulous Wig That Never Needs Setting Makers of famous MJLY Z3rJ9t CAPE KENNEDY, Fla. (AP) These are the man-to-the-moon machines on which tha lives of the three Apollo 11 astronauts depend: COMMAND SHIP: Valued at $55,000,000, the Apollo 11 command ship with its main engine and equipment section attached is 33 feet high and 13 feet in diameter. Its cone-shaped cockpit is 11 feet tall. Its hull is built primarily of stainless steel and aluminum.

Control panels inside permit the crew to start engines, check for malfunctions in spacecraft sub-systems, compute their flight path and communicate with earth and astronauts in the lunar module landing craft. After the Apollo 1 fire, the command ship was equipped with a hatch that can be opened in three seconds. Its electrical wiring once exposed in many places is behind pro-t i covers. Most inflammable material was removed or replaced by flame-re-sistant hardware. Its main thrust engine must kick Apollo 11 into and out of moon orbit and mke course corrections on the journeys to and from earth.

LUNAR MODULE: Built at a cost of $41,000,000 the spidery four-legged lunar roodul called LM will ferry Neil A Armstrong and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr. from the orbiting command ship to the moons surface. It consists of two sections a de scent stage with legs and the braking rocket that will lower the spacemen to the moon, and an ascent stage that houses the astronauts and contains the engine used to blast off from the surface back up to the command ship. Standing upright, it measures 23 feet tall.

Officials say the problems that plagued its development have been solved. Troubles occurred with LM main engines, rendezvous devices designed to guide it from the moon to the orbiting command ship, and a backup guidance system. Parts had to be shaved and modified to keep it from being overweight. After the Apollo 1 tragedy, many changes were also made in LM materials and wiring to make the spacecraft more fireproof. SATURN ROCKET: Stand-ing 363 feet with the Apollo spaceship on top, each Saturn man-to-the-moon rocket costs $185,000,000.

It is the most pow-erful rocket ever launched, able to hurl the 50-ton Apoilo spaceship to the moon or put a 125-ton payload into earth orbit. Engineers perfecting the three-stage rocket had problems eliminating up-and-down oscilations. These were so severe on the Saturn Vs second unmanned test flight that, had astronauts been aboard, they might have not been able to see normally or move switches because of the vibrations. These and other problems were resolved, and the three manned Saturn launches have been successful. FINISH LINE The Greatest Breakthrough in the Wig Industry Will not droop in roiny woothtr.

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Out. (CP) Joseph Logan medicine maker and hereditary chief of the Longhouse People of the Iroquois, predicted Tuesday that man will not land on the moon but if he does there will be terrible sickness." Said the chief: The moon is our grandmother. She controls the growing of the crops, the hunting of der. the tides, the seasons and mens minds. The moon is.

sacred to our people and at this time we predict that man will not land on the moon. The Longhouse People number about 1,500 of 9.000 livirg on the Six Nat.ons Indian reserve near here. The United Stales astronauts are scheduled to set foot on the moon July 21 at about 2 a.m. Deposit Holds Purchases Open a Charge Account Sorry, tor Sale Only. Exchanges or Refunds.

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