The Brooklyn Daily Eagle from Brooklyn, New York • Page 1

THREE CENTS. VOL. 51. NO. 279.

BROOKLYN, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 8, 1891. SIX PAGES. S. WECnSLER BRO. FOR THE POOR.

TEACHERS TOLD natural Beqnsnce of tho evolution of the brain Centers. Tho functional activity of the brain is established at different epochs and porfected.it different rates. By cautious stimulation of ANTHB1 for oloven years, and is a clerk in the employ of the American sngar refining company in the preiniBea at the foot of South Fourth street He MANY REWARDS. Because whilo in tho worm the separate pairB of ganglia formed an indepondout vital apparatus, in the fly they are not independent, bur. through thefly'a spinal fiberB, interdependent.

On the highest vertebrates reflex movements may take placo through the brain, unicial cord and sympathetic. These govern tho iuscera.1 fnuotionB and are connected with tho voluntiry actions of life. I bavo shown how the brain or cephalic ganglion ia gradually increased in trtvtor and sensory power and the non cephalic ganglion relatively lessened, the nervons apparatus gradually gaining in complexity until man is reached, where wo find tho nervous ByBtem comprising the cerebrum and cerebellum, with tho varions ganglia and commissures whioh belong to those bodies, the medulla oblingata, the spinal cord, tho sympathetic ganglia and the norfos, which springing from these Boveral sourcea are distributed throughout the organism. In the iuBoct the spinal cord is a center of com held on tho above date, tho followine resolution was adopted: "Whereas, That inasmuch aB the Hon. William E.

BhieldB, member of assembly for tho Sixth assembly distriot of Kings county has received special mention from tho workingmen'a aBneia blv of tho Btato of New York for his action in regard to all legislation for the benefit of the working people, bo it "Resolved, That we, tho legislative committee of the Brooklyn central labor union request the delegates of tho Sixth assembly district convention to voto for tho nomination of tho Hon. William E. Shields." Yours truly, Geohge J. PHIL.I.IPB. Chairman.

William Bosenkkanz, Secretary Committee. The nomination of Mr. Shields was seconded by John J. Harrington, who said that he had known Mr. Shields Binoe his schoolboy days in tho Fifteenth ward, and could gladly tostify to his integrity and effloienoy.

He would now, as in 1 1 All About the Literature Education, oi Superintendent Maxwell, After Congrat ulating His Hearers on the Increase ol Salaries, Beads a I'aper, Giving Ills Views About Proper Methods of Education. The Brooklyn toachera' association bold a avenue and Halsey stroot. Professor Charles xuiniii, presiucu. 1110 meeting was one of the largest held by the association, the largo room being filled to overflowing. William H.

Maxwell, tho superintendent of public instruction. read a paper whoso subject was "The Literaturo Kducatiou." Ho introduced his remarks by congratulating the toachoi upon tho fact that at yesterday's meeting tho board of education had, for tho first time, passed tho amendments providing for higher salaries for teachers in tho primary and lower grades. This, lie ihopod, would bo an incentive to hotter and moro conscientious work. The history of education, ho said, had boen made a part of the course of study of every normal school, training school for teachers aud col logiato pedagogical department For ibis study is i claimed that it results iu high culture by instilling a realization of great achievements and imparts an exalted idea of tho profession of teaching by inciting reverenco for groat toachera. It shows what to avoid and displays tho principles and mothods whose efficiency aud truth have boon proven.

Theoretically theso olaum cannot be gainsaid, but there are many teachers who never find them practical and who never find tho study of use. The Ihoories, how ovor, aro all right and the expectations founded upon them aro not realized only because the practico does not conform to llio theory. Are, indeed, tho methods of teaching tho history of education that aro in use of practical benefit? For tho most part tho pupils aro given a littlo text book and ask them to memorize names and dates antl lists of principles which they proceed to forget with tho utmost alacrity. It is with litis study as with tho study of literature. The mo.

delightful of all atudioa often becomes, through improper methods of instruction, a mere ve uineas to tli flesh. Tho great teachers are read about, but their own actual writings aro noglectod, those writings which constitute the literature of education. To an ar prt cialiou of the literature of education two things are essential. Thei are knowledge of tho social conditions of tho time out of which the literaturo grew some knowledge of tho general literature of those titnee. It is a most curious fact that intellectual power tends to gather in clusters as those which in different eras surrounded Pericles, Alexander aud Cicero.

Tho same tendency may be traced 111 modern uistory. Invariably ev oluater or orcativo mmds has contain at least one tnat naB made las aitious to pedagogical science; paroxysm 01 intellectual euorgy" rthrown leeoie ngnt ou tno problem or how tion should train its aucceaaor. Dr. Maxwoll endeavored to briefly indicato tho works that timo and the common consent of tho learned havo stamped as part of tho literatnro of education works, tne reading or wnioh lu chronological order will ahow how tho soieuce of education, bo lur as 11 may yet uo oalled a scieuco, has bc eu constructed or has grown. First cornea the greatest, Plato's whioh honld bo road in connection with Netlleshin'H oxpoaltiou of Plato's theory of education.

Plato elucidated three ideas; That thoro cau bo no ra tional system of education that is not founded upon an analysis of tho powers of tho human mind; that neither a atato nor an individual can undortake to educate systematically unless thoy start with some idea, not only of what thoy wisli to teach, not ouly ot tho character which thoy wish to produce, but also ol tho living being to wnicn me matter to ne tMignt la 1 oiallYe and upon which tho given character Is to bo impressed; and thirdly, that the formation of chur actor lfi much more important than the imparting of knowledge. Aristotle, in his "Epics" and in his "Politics," expounds the two groat idoaB that it is the duty ot the Btato to oducato and that oducation should bo compulsory. And surely the gospels should be included, giving, as they do, a now conception of tho dignity of child life and ot tho responsibility ot its guardianship from tho lips of thu greatest moral Teacher of all time. Charles lungidoy's noblo novel, gives an account of the strifft between early Christianity and paganism. In mediovai times two systems of education pre.

Vailed. Ono was the education of the young monk; tho other, tho education of the young knight. Both havo passed away forever and yet thoir marks, ao deeply graven, are still to bo fimud in tho noise and cast iron discipline of some teachers and in tho laxity of others. For teaching, from the example of tho monastic school, all that is to be avoided, no book is better than Professor Laurie's "Rise and Constitution of Universities. On thu other hand, if a picture is desired of the noble work accomplished by tho church in keeping bright the torch of learning through an ago of darkness, read Cardinal Newman's "Idea of a University." For tho noblost setting forth of knightly odtication study Tennyson's "Idyls of the King," and do not neglect Scott's "Abbot." The' "Imitation" of Thomas a Kempis aud the "Divino Comedy" of Danto set forth tho beat in tho intellectual and roligiom lite of the middle aitos.

During tho reuaiasuuee a reaction sot 111 against tho predominant theological training in the schools, and mou turned for stimulus and direction to tho classics. The chango 111 subjects did not.howevor, iu tiio first instance, result iu any marked improvetuont notwithstanding the effsrts of Erasmus, either in thu ideal or in tho methods of edncation. Tho pouring in of knowledge, often useless, continued to bo the ideal; the causo continued to supply the method. The revolt against the brutality of tho schoolmaster was led by the JosuitB. Tho revolt against tho ideal was led by tho leadorBof the Prolestant reformation, Luther and Melancthou, and by Rabelais antl Montaigne.

In tho works of tho two battle writers may bo found tho germs of two controversies that ato still waif inn tho controversy botween learning and training and thu controversy as to which study is of greater value, books or nature. Ab yet only one memorable work 011 education hail been produced ill England, "Tho Schoolmaster4 of Rogor Ascham. But now Francis Bacon ap. peared upon tbo stage and was destined to turn tho current of thought in ninny new directions. Bacon gavo the great impetus to tho Btudy of nature.

Even John Milton, classicist r.a he wtui, was profoundly influenced by tho Baconian philosophy in writing his Tractate on Education." Its influence may aleo be traced in the works of ComeniuH, tho founder of tho modern science of education, whoso writings aro best studied in the summary of them presented by Prorosor Lnnno in "The Educational Lifo and Writings of John Amos Comonius." The icgitimatu successors of the writers just mentioned aro Pcstalozzi, whojo "Leonard and Gertrude," and Frootel, whose "Education of Man," every teacher should read. Their immediate precursor was Rousseau. Many of bis theories and methods would not bo regarded as fantastic, yet his "Eniile" is one of tho great classics of education. It was tho first book to set forth tho true nature of tho teacher's calling, "sillily the subject you havo to r.cl upon." Professor Royeo lias recently pointad out that what tho teacher has chiefly to gain from the study of psychology is thu psychological spirit That is. the love and skill that are required for tho purposes of mental diagnosis.

Dr. haa no faith, however, iu that teaching of psychology which consists in memorizing one of thoso abominable little books called school psychologies, which are now from the press to meet demands created by examinations. 116 recommended Ins hearers to read only such works 11s thoso of Dr. Sully, Piolehsor Murray or Professor James and to bring ev.iry doctrine and every statement to tho tent of experienco by introspection aud observation. Tl.u incompleto data for a philosophy of eciicatimi is not lurnished by psychology.

This must be supplemented by biology, physiology, sociology and ethics. Of those who have essayed philosophies of education Kant, Hegel and ller bart in Germany are the most prominent Tho pedagogical writings or Iviint are not roadily accessible. Rosenkrauz and Dr. Harris, tho United States commission' of education, have summarized Hegel's systom. Lardner and Do Gnrmo set forth the llerbartiau system.

The difl'ereuco between modern and anciunt thought is its mil tivation of the relative spirit in placo of tho absolute. To the modoru spirit nothing is or can be rightly known excopt relatively and under conditions. The doctrino of evolution, mora than any other influence, has wonilit. nliimtrn. Tho scientific spirit Is abroad and feeding ovorv region of thought from ttieoh; tn oflnoation the latter it haa contributed John Stuart Millii.St.

Andrew's addrosB.JoBoph Payne's lectures on education and Bain's "Soienoo of Education." Of books upon methods of education Dr. Maxwoll said that he had no timo to spealr. The important things to a teacher aro not cut aud dried metlto Is, but, first, general culturoy iin.l.Ki cnnd. a knowledge of tho literaturo oi'vSti, ucatioii. There aro two or throe bcolts which di not ostensibly treat either tho scionce or tho methods of education, tli mgh containing something of both.

Among thi'Be which every teachci should look to as a perennial spring of inspiration are Horace Mann'B addresses and Mat thow Arnold's reports and D'Aroy W. Thomp. son's "Day Dreams of a Schoolmaster." IJui greater than those is Gootho in the ttvvrfsoT Wilhclm Meistcr. From Plato to Rabelais, said Dr. Maxwoll in ciiiclu iion, from Rabelais to Rousseau, from Rousseau to Herbert Spencer, 0110 loading thought runs through the literature of educationfollow nature, guide it and regulato it, bnt do not stillu it.

In all agos teachers have for tla most part adopted another plan. They have foh lowed preconcoived UKorios instead of following nature: they have p.mivd in knowledge, in. stead of developing tho 'd given faculties of tho child to see, to think, to fe to do; they havo built a Procrustean bed an.l stretched their pupils upon it. What Is tlu history of education hut one long, glonuy record of how practice hat failed to keep pace with theory 7 Let us, by diligent and reverent study of tiio raUire of edu. cation, endeavor, in tho Inst decide of tho nine, tccntii century, to make onr practice the realiza.

tion of what is best iu theory. puovost lui.sros. 111 lufreat 1 opening Day iu All tho Departments of Their C.nrrro Store. A great feature of all the fall openings has been the display of evening gowns, quite a number of which oan now be Been in tho whlto and gold room of S. Wechslor Bro.

By means of electric lights theBo are revealed in fall ovening splendor, which is a good idea, as some colors and combinations, beautiful by daylight, will not stand tho teat of brilliant artificial illumina tion. The center of attraction here is a long court trained gown in combination of cream cropo de ohiue, magenta velvet and whito silk brocaded with magenta oaetus blossoms. The train is formed of the velvet and brooade. The front of dress akirt ia of tbe whito orapo; the sides of tho velvet, bordered with o3trich feather trimming. Bhading from magonta to cream.

Ono in combination of plain pink gros grain and pink brooade, tho latter having bow kuots strowed nvor the surface in black lace offeots, haa a black lace flounce and lace ornamsnts appiiquod to tho panels extending from back of bodice. The corsago fastens in back with front corslet of black iaco and jet. A very neat evening gown is that ahown in whito crepe chino and brocadod satin, the brocado showing violots aud lily of tho valley stems on a whito ground. Tho low necked bodice, which is a protty mingling of crape, brocado and lace, his also bows and twists of heliotrope ribbon at nock, shoulders and round the bottom odgo. The laco fiounco is also caught up with rosettos of heliotrope ribbon.

A black aitin combiuod with striped brocade has wattcau train of Brussols net and jet; a light striped silk shows pamer drapery and front of rich lace. To accompany these fine gowns are opora capes whito Bedford cord, gold braided and finished with fluffy cream or white boas, or long circular wraps in light oamel's hair clottw, satin lined and elaborate with passemonterio and ostrich feather odgo. S. Wochsler A Bro. aro showing among their wraps quite .1 largo number of novelties.

One of these is the three quarter cape in cloth, fur bordered, having velvet shouldor oape trimmed with fur. Another long circular cape, slate colored cloth, has shouldor capo of same, with edges ot muilalo. other garments borddo tho short and long capes are top coats in many light shades, fur trimmed; striped cheviots, with hip pocket pieces and gay with largo buttons: broadcloth jackots in dark bino and black, boaver collars and facings, and many other tyles in basket cloth and fancy diagonal weaves. For elderly women thoro aro handsome black velvet coats, threo quarter length, with ouffs, pocket and Medloi collar of heavy black silk, rich with jet: also emboaoil plush capes, with ostrich feather collars and odgod with chenillo fringe. Especially flue are the jackets for girls in thoir toeus, tbo variety being groat and 111 good taate.

Many of theso are reefor style, elegantlr finished with satin liningB and largo pearl buttons. One in light gray and bluo zophyr cloth, llnod with blue silk, shows no fur: another in old rose camel's hair has a seal collar edgod with beaver. whilo others in ligh' oloth hav mink trimmings. Two worthy of particular notice are tho dark bluo baakot cloth, with big, deep collar and fronta of blue fox aud oue in whito and tan atraohan oloth, with tan muffalo fur round neck and dewn fronta, in a fluffy mass. An im ported dreas for a child of 10 ia in old roao faillo francais with waist and cuff in lace appliquo.

Tbe dross is cut princess, with waist outlined by silk girdio whioh fastens behind in loops and friuged ends. Tho children's soction is full of useful and droBay garmonta for glrla aud boys and misses as well. In tho section devoted to dross goods aro found all the novelties of the season. There are Russian cloths for suits, combination robes, with borders braid and fur and borders in braid and feathers. Among tho ehoioost are whip cords, Bedford oords, crape cloths and satin fin ished goods with diagonal woaves.

The Bedford cords, with Jacquard figuros, make elegant suits. At the ailk countor are arrayed tho Quest fabrics of rocont manufacturing skill crystal cord bougalinea, swivel weavo brocades, suit brocades, Btripsd satin failles, whito damasso ovon ingsilksand ailk and wool bengaliues. To trim the lace soction shows all kinds of ohiffon embroidered and jeweled aud embroidered moussolino do soios.domi fleuncings and lace tissues by tho yard to use oyer Bilk. Orange blossom floituciug a novelty shown to lutorest prospective brides is also to bo found at Wochslor Tili'iV'ijli TRY TO HEAT LEAYCRAFT. Prominent Thirteenth Ward HEopub Ikani Ajr.

litiBl 1H0 Pert Warden. It is promised that ono of tho hardest fights ever mado by dissatisfied llopnblicana against Port Warden William H. Leaycraft will bo made at to night's primary in tho Thirteenth ward. Mr. Leaycraft, it is said, knows this aud for that reason confined tho primary election in that ward to tho two hours between 7 and 0 o'olock tho evening.

Tins renders it impossible to poll tho full vote of tho Thirteenth ward Kopub icau association and an Mr. Leaycraft's followers are better "disciplined" than tho Bupportors of tho apposition, it is probablo that the latter, when they reach the polls, wiii find a long lino of voters already formed aud held. Tho ninety Republicans whoso names appoar on the anti Leaycraft ticket are said to bo evory eae of them staunch oppouonts or tno port warden and hia mothodB. They havo sent oat circulars, asking members of the association to voto for thorn for theso roaaons: That the present leadors of our party in this ward havo for many years past not consulted the mass of tho Republicans, but have mado up tickets at private cauctnisos and havo chosen can didates to suit theuiBclves and aololy for their own aggrandisement, and to the detriment of tho party. That in comequonco of this arbitrary assumption of authority and botfsixui, many good Republicans havo become disgusted and havo rufuaod to go to tbo Dolls savo at a presidential eloelion, aud tho old time splendid majorities of tee vard havo been fritterod away to nothing ness so that last year, for tho first timo in its hlstorv.

a Democratic constable was eloeted. We ask you 10 aid in this movement, which has coin i to stay, to tho onci, that noreattor good Republicans shall be onablcd to havo a voice in party affairs 111 tho Thirteenth ward. Some of the most prominent Republicans iu tho ward have thoir names 011 tho anti Leaycraft ticket, which is as follows: County George Tllford, William H. Moscman, Samuel Arnold. Walter Collins.

E. S. Acker, Joseph Kehbein, John Kerr, A. 0. Ross, Jacob Doll.

William Slither and. Wi ham A. Baldwin. G'orge ilcWamara, rniup Weigolo, Jiark i'ar rell. A.

itriL'giJ. nitv itarvev 1. Itneoland. Lloorgo 1 William C. Gav.

J. A. Holliaofel. Joseph G. Gush Ed.

McNamara.William M. Sherwood, S. J. Smack rroil Custer. David Smack.

W. A. Standard, Frank 'J'. Hill, F.lisha Farroll, Reginald Nuuth, Robert Darling. Senatorial William H.

Curtis, Dr. 1. u. Giroux. Frederick Cocheu, George R.

Pasheld J. Ws Twav. James W. Lav. William J.

Le ine, W. H. Palmor, Ira liucknian, J. li. Dots ford.

Hamuol Condon, William JS. Lent. William JIacDoiiaid, Walter Chapman, Charles Franklin, lo in w. (iribbin Charles Piislield, William Work, Georgo R. Con over, Harry tr.

Jja tiamnel 31. weeks, Charles Hamilton, Walter Holsten, Stanley agct. Ed. J. Trembly, William il.

Sherwood, Frederick Ilolston, Robert Thurston, William Mcheo. Aldei'iuanic Thoodoro JV Orcsn, Henry w. Worth, J. D. Roomo, Frcdotick 11.

Roblnsou, William H. Marklanil, William Metier, D. Mac Konzio, MacCormaek, James Kc rrigau, Thpmas Russell, Robort Jones, Charles Ilam iu, J. 1). Wauzel, Charles Thompson.

William J. Lc Pine, jr. Ward William Do nysc, 11. U'lstni, ueorgo Kcndrickj Charles Geckos, Charles Thompson, Georgo riuwkins, Jefi'erson Hedges, Peter Beaton, 11. J.

Smack, Minor Stevens, Howard Korr, H. Lazarus, ueorgo Ascnou, uoorgo wrou, Robert C. Seymour. THE FOKTY SEVEXTH IN GOOD FORM. litttnoHOi ItoTOlt lu tho Ilcginifliit Set lit Kest by StutiMticn.

Headquarters night at tho Forty aovonth rogi mont armory last evening brought out a large attendance. Colonel Eddy aud tho other olliooni of tho command wcro amused aud a littlo indignant over a recently published statement ia tno euect that the regiment was on the vergo of disruption becauso of a rumor that a corporal from tho Twenty third regiment would bo askod so fill tho vacant adjutantoy. Tho olficors douy that thero is any ill feeling ovor tho mattor and say that tho colonel's right to appoint his own adjutant will be questioned by 110 one. It is possible that the appointee will be Lieutenant W. L.

Fish of Company B. It is certain that the regiment was nevor in better ohapo than it is to day, despite all threats of revolt and rumors of disruption. From quarterly roports receive! last night tlu total strength of tho rogimont was shown to be Ola. On Auenst 31 it Was only O'JH. The present is tho laigost muster roll tho regimout bit, ever lia.l.

At the meeting of tho bo.ird of it waa auuouucod that tho statue of Uoneral Bunnell in Cypress hills cemetery wouid probably be ready for iiuvailing within throo weeks. Sunday cert monies, it is thought, will be preferred, and srmo orator of ability will bo invited to atioud. At the quarterly mooting of tho veteran asso ciation, with President Robert P. ithbridge iu the chair, fivo propositions for membership worn received and referred to tho appropriate com mittees. Tho dramatio a of tho regiment will give its iirateutortainmont noxt Monday night at tho Aoadomy of MiiBio.

The pUy is "A I'ossi blo Case," with Miss Lizzio Wallace and othor well known amateurs in thecast. 'iho samo as sociatlon will givo performances in December and In February in the Amphion. A CASDIIUTS WnO IS EXPEdEI) TO Wl.N. Eitlwjtril Floyd Jonco for Senator of tbo W'xiai SMulricl. Tho Democrats of the First senatorial district (Queens and Suffolk) held their convention at Jamiica yestenUy afternoon.

Brindioy D. Sleight of Suffolk filled iho chair and tho secre taries woro Georgo Van Ausdalo and Joseph Gce. Mayor Glcason was present with a contest, ing delegation. Tho question of thoir admission was referred to a committee of five, ail of Suffolk. Tho majority rejected their olaiui aud the minor ity favored thoir admission.

Tho eonvontiou approved tho majority report and the mayor accepted tho result graoatully. At tho last moment Supervisor Dnnton of Jamaica requested tho withdrawal of his name from the list of oandldates. This lort Edward Floyd Jones a free field aud ho was nominated by aoclamation. Four libel salts, aggregating a total demand for $1,800,000, wero brought against tho Chi I caoo Enmina Journal. of it a tho brain wo brine it to its highest dovolonment.

By undue haste wo min its functional activity forever and can never have a sound and vigorous brain. The whole future loraploxion 01 mental lifo is. in a cret part, determined by the impressions mado ou the sensory centers of the brain when they are undergoing development. We must aim in our system of education at a harmonious development of body, brain and mind alike, and wo shall then attaiu progress, with health combined. vte must resist the inroads or nervons and mental disease by a dus attention to the regulation of the omotional elements, by disciplining tho natural forces of character and bv nlaciner before onrselvps high ideals.

Wo must remomber to wort; wisely, witnout hasto as well as with proper rest, in onr different vocations of lifo. Moderation iu all things must be the rule of life, if we would live to a good old ago with sound nervous ystema. Sleep is essential to inoutal health, aa lurine sleen otir bruin colls derive their nutri tive renovation almost ontirelv. and brain work ers need much sleep. Meals, to I13 digested, must Be eaten slowly and well masticated, tor we are rapidly becoming a or dyspeptics from loo rapiit eating, antl vertigo ana giu moss are often duo to tomojrarv de angement of tho digestive organs.

Wo may enjoy constitutional vigor and a well balanced aeveiopmont or Darts, or bv carelossueEs and ne glect we may suffer from a constitutional debility and an irrogular development of parts. To avoid tho numerous modern nervous diseases we must bo careful not to vjolnte those iaws the observance of which is indispensable to the well being of the braiu. The two states of wakefulness and restlessness which often occur in men of over worked brainB aro to bo promptly met by leaving one's business and ett mi? awav. with complete chango of scene, for a mouth or moro. The diet houid be careful roculatod at tho same time.

An overworked business or nrofesaioual man. or woman lat igueti to tne point or nyat.ena nv oiisehold care's anI anxieties, will in a month return homo well and able to 20 on with the reg ular daily round of duty, when bv a neglect of thissimplo preventive and precautionary meas ure too overi asaeii orain gives way aim ineutiu disease cusucj. Mental anxiety, by produc aloeotesstiess and an unrefroahtne sloop. quickly disturbs tho normal balance of the nervons Bystora and deranges its innctiona. Do your best aud then don't worry about results.

There, is something in human nature which stretches out instinctively for something to cling to amid all the troubles, cares and anxieties of iu life: somethtnc; to anchor to a Bafe harbor and as a scientist and a nhvslcian I declare it as my opinion, deliberately formed as the rasult of many voars of exnnrience. that mental and uerv onB disoase is less likely to attack thoe, and whon 'loes attack is much more readily eurab.e those who commit it their cares aud anxieties to that Inflnito Intsiligonco who when invoked 0111 give "the peace of God that Dasseth umlorstandintr." Intemporanco is a very frequent and a preventable cause of mental tiiseafo: and a study of tho physiological action of alcohol upon the human ace proveB conclusively that it inmres the bony antl brain, impairs normal cerebration, injures tho structure of the. brain and imnair.s its func tional action, induces altered conduct and of ability, lowers aud moi ls, and affects all thought and conscious ao tion. It kills out high intellectual abili ty by incapacitating the organ of thought. It confuses tho finer operations of tho brain and mind.

It paralyzes the will, dims the intellect and lowers the moral ssnse. It destroys not only tho physical, moral and intellectual health of tho porson himself, but also that of his offspring, iu whom it may bo traced in idtocv. imbsciltty or ther grave nervous detect, iho me 01 it creates new tjhvatolotrical want, a svstemio demand. which becomos in many peremptory and irre sistible, resulting in tho diseaso of dipsomxuia, tho great diauno.tic mark of which is an irro lstlble osriodical era vine for al iohollc stimu anth, which are taken to tho point of complete intoxication, the will being powerless to restrain the diHordere 1 lmpulso of the unhappy victim. Lt ia a great mistake for anyone to snpposo, as many persons eeem to, that aloohol can comer upon them permanently an artificial working powor above their normal state.

It lessens the power of endurance and depresses vital force. Thero is an absence or anv rea ueuent irointnodauy use of either fermented or distilled liquors and tremondous dangor of the alcohol nab BUnervening. Tho auestiou in school hy giene is, How. can our schools bo modified to improve their hygienic influence. 1, first aa to tasks and discinlino and.

secondly, as to physical con ditiotiB, so that the nervous system may not snner? School tasks should bo hmnotl to tho pacity of the average pttpu and no moro shqnld po reouirod than tho averago pupil can do witn out overpressure during school hours or the ne ctissit of auv iong continued hop icaliou ont ot school. It would be hotter if the pupils thought moro and committed to memory less. Apropar sunoly ot objects tor objective teaching is 01 im portance, so as to relievo the scholar trom the wearisome brain work ot lorming con ceptions of thingsfrom verbal descriptions, when tho things might lust as well bo shown thoni solves. When tho scholars get restive aud uneasy, iutrodueo singing or gymnastics and tho effect will be happy. 1 cachet's are a very nurd worked class, and in justice to them tney should havo each, fowor children to toac 1.

lt thev aro. as tuoy ougbt to do. to atmly the indiv. duality of their pupils. Again, fewer studies at a time would leavo the mind clearer, tho imprc nsions in regard to the subject more vivid, and consequently tno amount of perplexity and nervous worry and strain less.

Thero should be a reform in tho melhod of studying arithmetic. It is worse than useless, it is absurd to try to mako children com prehend and retain in their momory certain pro cesses and reasonings oeiorc tueir minus are ripe for them. They eaiiuct grasp aud hold these subjects as they are expected to until they aro moro mature. It is not only nr.o that is wasted. There ia a worse waste of brain and nerve power.

uid a nervous worry that is inimical to a cnuu health. Aloro training or the ncrcoptive powers is lmnifmeelv near ed and would be a crreat im provement in mental hygioue. The physical reforms most generally required are Potter ven tilation, more equable heating, regularity in daily physical exercises, mora frequent change and freedom of oxeroiae, better soats and dosks, shorter sessions, bettor lighting, moro frequent recesse3 and fewer pupils to each teacher. We must, iu ventilation, first Buppiy fresh air: sec ond, warm it boforo bringing it into tho room, and third, get rid of it at tor it has beon breat hed once. No citv can a lord to al ow its children to be slowlr noisoneil bv breathing foul air.

Uur school rooms are too crowded and tho teachers too few for tho number of scholars, so that the childron are taught as classes and not aa indi viduals. The time necessary lor physical oxer cises (light gymnastics) should never bo abridged aB they promote, instead of hiudering study; because they relieve tension, draw off nervous irri tability, equalize circulation, deepuu respiration and return the children to their books renewed in mind as well as body and eapablo of attention and application which were impossible to them five minntes beforo. Theso exorcises should be a regular part of evory session iu all souoola and in tha younger schools should occur oftoner than once ovcry half day If this wore lone regularly, intelligently, conscientiously and with spirit, it would uffoct a dis tiiic.t imrn ovoment in the ohTsiaue of tho nunils 111 every grade of our schools. Wo can just as well have progressive physical improvement from primary to high school, instead of the physical and nervous deterioration which is now too often evident by the time the higher gradeB are reached, provided, that wo at tho same time cease to worry the children. The vigor and grace and development of tho body should be as distinctly considered nud provided for in an educational system, as that ofthomiud.

There should be carefully kept registers in evory school, of tho causes as well as tha number of absences from school, so that there could bo soeurod a statement of tho nature of the sickness, whero aiokiiesa has caused the absence. If this woro to. be insisted on, in a few years wo should be in possession of a valuable mass of statistics from which we could work on school hygiene with osrtainty. Our board of health should hayo a sanitary inspector and instructor of schnols, who should bo a physician, aud every rural board of health should havo a physician, whoso dutv it should bo to pay a monthly visit to every scholar in town aud make a monthly sanitary roport to iiis board and a yearly report to the town and to the stato board of health. Our pub.

lie school Bystem is a great blosaing to tho commonwealth, and it is for that very reason that we Bhould strive to mike it as nearly porfeot as possible, and our great corps of teachers would be as much benefited as the scholars by better ventilation, heating, lighting, by regular physical exerciaos and by tho diminution of nil influence's which cause friction inthoworkingofBchool their work would bo far loss wearing, if the various roforms I have indicated were brought about Finally, a word as to tho prevention of insanity itself. It is often a prcvontablo malady. Primarily we must not, as I have Baid before, oxlnust the brains of children by a cramming process in education, which cannot fail to injure tho nutrition of tho brain and impair it. An immense harm is done in this way by producing premature mental decay and nomasthonia appearing about the age of pnberty. Tho body must be developed in all its parts and organs if we want healthy minda.

At present wo aro developing a raco of children whoso nervous system is far in excess of their physique, who aro proillsposod to tho acquisition of uearly all the forms of nervous disease upon the application of Blight exciting causes, and many ot thoo typos of uorvous dis easo readily lapse into insanity. See to it that tho childron who grow tip under yonr caro aro devoloped physically, ovon if it bo at tho expenso of tho neglect of some of the oarly edncation. It is not the precooioua child who makea the atroug man mentally. Discourage all prooocity and keen such childron from study until thoy have a sound, healthy body for a foundation, and then avoid ovoratimulating tho mind by too many atudioa at onco. It la absurd for young persona to bo put through a foroiug procossof education, which at tho critical period of life cannot fail to weaken their nervous systom, and whon this is combined with a society life the result is a superficial education, a broken down nnrvous system and an inability 011 the part of womou to go through tho trying duties of maternity.

It is for the family physician to say which children shall study hard and which shall not Tho prevention of such disease should bo the highest aim of tho physician. Insanity is also to be provonted by such an education of tho people aa will mako them understand sanitary aud hygionic iawB and live in acoordanco with them, so that tboy may dovelop tho highest moral, physical and intellectnal health. In men, mental auxioty about business, combined with excesses of all kinds, especially in alcohol and tobacoo, will break down and sbattor the strongest consti tution and induce mental disease in those who inherit woak nervous systems from their prcjeni tors. Regular hours, amusements to divert tho mind from the eares of business, freedom from alcoholic stimulants, nourishing food at regular, hours, properly digested; abstiuonco from tobacco during tbo years previous to puberty and until 20 years of ago, free bathing aud plenty of Bleep, will koep moat men sound and healthy. While I believe most firmly iu tho advantages accruing from stimulation of tho nervous centers by education, wisely applied, in those who aro strong and vigorous, and considor that ignorance produces a poor development of imperfectly acting brain tissue which tends to degenerate, I deprecate tho present forcing process ao common, which too often menaces tho future montal integrity of naturally delicato childron, who, in a great many cases, havo inherited a diaproportionata development of tho norvous Bystom at the expeuso of thoir physique.

BSBFOUD WUEBLMI.I APPLAUD FAX 31 RICE. Eighty members of thu Bedford wheelmen as Bgmbled at tho club rooms on Division ayonuo ou Tuesday evening aud marohod in a body to the new Bodford avenue theater, where seats had been engaged for tbom to witness Fanny Rico in "A Jolly Surprise." The company roceivod great applause, and the olu.b call, "Bah, rah rail, rah, rah, Bodford.wheeUhen, sits, boom.ah," was given at frequont intervals. Pandemonium reigned when Miss Bio.n appoared for hor Nadly dance, wearing the club sash. She waa presented with a floral piece 0 faet high, representing the clnb emblem, an arrow through a wheel. She also recoivdd a shower of rosea from th boys at the ourtain call.

After tbo performance the cyclists partook of a when spesohes were mado by President Judion and Mr. Wilson, president of the ontortainment committee. INDORSED BIBQWAt, BYAK AMD SCDAAFF. At a meeting of tho Laborers' anion held at 718 Myrtle avenno, last evening, resolutions wero adopted indorsing James W. Ridgway, for may or; Daniel Ryan, for county clerk, and Adam Bohaaff, for eaporviaor at laree.

an intelligent man and win make a strong can vass of his district Tho IToutb Assembly Disttrlcl Convention Renominate Thomas F. Byrne. The Tewih district convention waB held at the wigwam in Fourth avenuo.uear Nineteenth stroot, at 8 o'clock. The delegates from the Jiigntn, Ninth and Twenty second wards wero all present F.x. Jndco Delmar oalled the convention to or dor, tho Uiual preliminaneB of receiving credentials were proceeded with, and on motion AngnBt C.

Fisher of the Eighth ward was eleoted chair man and John B. Meyenborg secretary. Ihe nanio of Assemblyman Thomas F. Byrne of the Ninth ward was Dtit in nomination by Mr. John P.

Eagan of the same ward, was seconded at once and tho nomination closed. Mr. Byrne was unanimously eleoted on tho first ballot. Ho was called to the platform to make a few remarks, and whon he turned to faoo his andieiioo ha looked upon an assemblage of representative Democrats from his assembly district wnicn neany uucu big structure. Mr.

Bvrno iB a horsesboer, ond tho members oi the Horsoshoors' union of Brooklyn were present In a bndv. All woro badires and they had a band. The assemblyman thanked those Democrats who had sutlioient confitlouce in him to renominate him, and pledged hlrasalf to be true to their interests at Albany. Threo oheors ror tho nominee, the party and the Btato ticket closed the proceedings. i'lio Convention in tho Hlorcntli Ad journs Until Friday Tho delegation to the Elovonth assembly dis trict convention met laBt evening iu tho wigwam at the corner of DoKalb avonue and Walworth street It was doeided to adjourn until l'riaay night James S.

firataiim Is the esadiUalo an the TiveHlh Blsjsrlcl. Assemblyman Mortimer C. Earl has been sot aside for a man who. it is Bupposod, will make a better showinc on election day in tho Twelfth assembly district. Why Mr.

Earl was discarded is a Question whioh will bo considered by a ma jority of voters in tho district. That he was not nominated was a surprise to many loyal men oi the party. The cSiveution that set asido Mr. Earl was set for 3 o'cleck yoatorday afternoon at Glander's hall, Canarsio Village. Long betore that hour ward and town leaders and their heelers benan to arrivo and discuss the situation.

One delegate, who was praising Earl for tho work he bad done in tho legislature, was mot with this remark from a railroad man: If wo don't got Jimmy Graham we'll show you fellows what we'll do." This very man had in former yoars been i shontor for Earl on aocount of the letter's attach. ments to labor organizations. The thing, how evor, had beon out and dried and James P. Gra ham got tho nomination. It waa 3:30 o'olock when Colonel i'cnwn Kock well called the convention to ordor.

In a few but well put remarks he stated the object of the convention and asked the further pleasure of the dologates. It had been previously arrangod that George P. Eiseman of tho Twenty fifth ward and William J. Campbell of the Twonty aixth ward were to bo named for permanent chairman and secretary, but by some mistako Campboll was named for president and elected. Eisman would not servo as secretary and W.

G. Morrissoy of New Utrecht was ohason in his place. After Colonel Itookwoll had administered tho oath to the permanent offloors tho roll was called and tho following dolegalea answered to their names Twenty fifth ward George P. Eiseman.Charlea Doherty, George iiocoy. Twenty sixth ward Thomas E.

Ponnell, James William J. Cnoinhfdt. Flatbush I'. McK. Gloasou, John urieraan, na ward Sweenoy.

DIatlands Uoorgo rtonqricitson, Slichael Lornoy, Peter L. Bullwlnkle. Now TTt.i e.rht.W G. Morriunnv. Martin H.

White, Theodore Liefe. Gravesend James Sharkey, W. V. 13. Bennett, John J.

Lowe. Nominations boing In order, Jame P. Ander son of the Twonty aixth ward arono and aaid; I wish fcn nlaoe in nomination the name of Mor timer Earl. After his record during the last year in tho intereats of tho district he rspreseut ed, his loyalty to tho party and bis earnest work in favor of all labor organizations, lie should be Iiy nvfll member of this convention. Ho has always boen a consistent and faithful representative Hia record in the legislature speaks for itself and need not be repeated oj me.

Thomas E. Poarsall soconded the nomination. Then W. G. Morrissoy named James P.

Gra ham. Tho nomination was aecondod by James Sharkey of Gravesend, who aaid: When I camo hero to day I was opposed to both I ttni tinmi V.ar Ull fynm tho dsn have rflet ivod from Mr, Graham, I have changed my mind, and I now second his nomination. A formal ballot was then taken. Tho delegates from tho Twenty fifth ward aud tho four county towns votod for Graham, whilo tho Twonty sixtii ward stood by Earl. Then Jamea F.

Anderson tnovod to mako the nomination unanimous, and the motion was car ried. A committee, with big Georgo Hendrlckson as chairman, waa appointod to find the nominee. The committee returnod in a few moments with Mr. Graham. After being introduood by Chair man Campbell, Mr.

Graham said: I am grateful for the honor yon havo conferred upon mo and I approciato tho confidence you havo placod in mo. I knuw the responsibility of accepting this nomination. Wo should not feol as if wo wero winuors. I don't foel that way. II will he hard work from now until election dav.

If you folt as you Bhould feol thei'6 would be no doubt of tho success of the wholo Democratic ticket. Before I came upstairs here I listened to an argument in which my Democracy was quos want to anv bore that I dofv any ono in tho district or tho county of Kiuga.to question my Democracy. I havo always been a Democrat. I nlcdgo you that I will do all in my nnwnr for tho benefit of tills district and, when tho noxt session of the legislature is over, you win oo pleased mat you gavo mo too nomination tor tho assembly. When Mr.

Graham had concluded the conven tion adjourned. James P. Graham has been actively identified with labor interest 3 for years paat 119 was conductor In tho employment of tho Brooklyn City when tho big striko against tha corporation was organized and carried to a satis factory conclusion. Mr. Graham was untirin, his exertions to secr.ro such a result Ho lived thou in the Twenty third ward, which is a por tion of tho hopelessly Kopublican Elcvonth as nembly distriot What was considered an im.

possibility iu such a section Mr. Graham accomplished, defeating Luther W. Emerson, tho Republican nominee. Mr. Graham aftorwar movod to the Twelfth district and represented i effectively in the assembly.

Ho nowlivos in Ben sonhurst and is the prosperous possossor of lively stable Ho is popular among his neigh. bora aud well known throughout tho district TWO BilOOKIiYMTES DitOW.D By Use oE ttio TPusCoat The tugboat McAldon Brothors, owned by Mo Aldon Brothers of 70 Broad street New York. was sunk in the North river late Tnosday ovenin and two of tho crew, both residents of Brooklyn wore drowned. Tho bo it left tho foot of Broad stroot at 4 o'clock Tuosday aftornoon aud won to Nowark for coal, whero Captain Wright, pilot, wbb taken on board. About 0:30 o'clock the tug started up tho river.

There were then on board tho pilot Charles IGaines, captain Thomas Taylor, first mate: Edward Woods, cook Itobort Simmonds, enginoor; Frank JIcBrioif and John McCauloy, flroiuen, and a boy namod David Cunuingham.tho son of a Brooklyn saloon keeper. Off Point Montgomery the McAldon Brothors mot a boat supyojod to bo the Conqueror coming down tho river with a tow. The tugs signaled to each othor, but, aa each captain thought that ho had tho right of way, noithor was willing to lot the othor cross his bows. There waH a collision aud in a short time tho MoAldcn Brothers.wont to the bottom. Tho accident occurred abont an eighth of milo from tho shsre.

Simmonds is belloved to havo beon caught in the machinery. Tho boy Cunningham could not swim. Captains Gaines and Wright wero taken off by a passing steam boat. Tho other men swam ashore. Tho Cheney towing company, to which the Conqnoror ia said to belong, know nothing of the accident yester day aftornoon.

The JIcAldeo' 'intii recently kuowi as tho John A. Carney, was built in 18S7. Th Conqueror is said at ono timo to lniYo boon a gov ernmeut boat. McAlden Brothers and the poopl who woro in tho sunken vessel lay the entir blame of the accldout upsn tho other boat FOUXTdlS tiVS CLVU. iii noting Women itlccabcfN iho Association.

Yoaterday'B storm interfered in a measure wit the monthly Bhoot of the Fountain guu club at Woodlawu, but tho attendance was very fair and the shooting itaolf was unusually intereating, Two special features helped this. Ono was the shooting by Mrs. Lindsley, a member of tho club, and tho shoot off between Snapper GarriBon, Dra. Van Ord, Shields aud Schwartz and F. Lindsley.

Each killed, ten birds straight in the competition for tho Duryea medal, and on a final Bhoot between Drs. Schwartz and Shields tho former lost after hitting thirteon birds by having the last one fall doad Just ont of bounds. Mrs. Lands. ley shot uiuo birds out of ten, nilsaing tho fit one only.

Tho scoro of the Bhoot was as follows Out of ton birds, L. Davenport, 30 yards, E. Garrison. 28 yards, 10: J. E.

Lake, 25 yard; 7: Dr. Van Ord, 27 yards, 10: 0. Wheolor, sr vards. 8: Dr. Shields, 33 yards, 10 Fredericks.

33 yarda, Dr. Schwartz, vards. 10: 11. McLaughlin, S3 yardB, 8i II. Blatt macher, 25 yards, A.

Purdy, 30 yards, 8 "Wanda," 23 yards, F. Lindsloy, 28 yards 10: li. Phister. 28 yards, W. Lovens, 2 vards.

1. (withdrew.) On tho shoot off tho tios E. Garrison killed 5. missed Dr. Van Ordkillod 2, misBed Dr.

Shields killed 13 missed Dr. Schwartz killed 12, ril83od 1 Lindsley killed 2, misaod 1. Tho match between of the Fountain and Richard Dwyer of the Atlantic gun club will bo shot off at Woodlawn on tho 14th. will bo for $100, 60 birds oaoh, 30 yards rise. HIHSIXU SlflCK REPrEMBBB Stephen Mead of Chester avenue, Flatbusb, reports that hia wife, Mary, haa boen missing since Thursday.

Soptember 4. On that date she left homo without paying a ward to her huBband as to her destination. nBWiearrl from her since, "Work of the' Society for Im proving Their Condition. OHlcors Elected and Reports Snbinitted at the Animal Meeting How the Funds Have Been Distributed. The annual meeting of the Brooklyn associa tion for improviu? tho condition of the poor waa held last night at 104 Livingston street On motion of David M.

Stone Mr. William H. Floe, man wae made temporary ohairman. Tho forty eighth annual roport of the manasors of the association waa then read. It is aa followa: In ni eseiitin 7 thn fm tv eicrhth annual roDOl't the manageru of tho.

Brooklyn associations for improving tno condition ot tno poor would maito grateful acknowledgement to the contributors who havo so generously responded with money and other means, to enable the aocioty to perforin its work during the past year. as win be aeon oy tno reports uerowitn appended there wero 3,717 more porsous helped than in tho preceding yoar, antl tho amount disbursed is $4,0 14. 48 iu excess of that yoar. The work thus accomplished iB claarly defined, but there is a sense 111 which no record can bo mado of tbe ministrations of which tho association has been the medium. The material assistance rendered has indeed given temporary relief to the reciments.

and when that relief has bscn given it would seem that the object of the association has been attained. But the encouragoment and renewed hope which in many cases may be inspired, cannot be determined nor labulatod. It must naturally follow, in the careful discrimination which it is the practice of tho agents of the sosooiation to make ueiwoon tne Class Known as proiesstonai beggars, who are never willing to help them. solves, but continue a burden npou the public, and those who, througu misfortune, have bo come indigent: that among the latter class thoro are many who may be looking forward to hotter things aud only accept tbo benefactions of the uocioty to enable them to bridge over their adverse conditions. Among this class tho work of the association may bo increased and its scopo enlarged: while dittpenslng to those, who aro esteemed worthv of its gifts, it may further amoliorato their condition through agencies which may bo desmed strictly on tho line of its work, in endeavoring to improve thoir homes and impressing them with the im.

portauco or the observance ot sanitary laws, aim wherein then are anoarent defects in that re spect, facilitate thorn iu remedying the defects. Is it not trim that the quality of the air we breathe well as tho quality of the food that gives ua nourishment is an important factor in determining tho bent of our minds, and that our moral impulses may bo stimulated and quickened by tho observance of sanitary laws which a beneficent Creator has ordained for our government? Jixoononoe has shown that the deorossnig in fluence? of novertv often create a snirit of in dilTerenca which tends to tho utter disregard of sanitary laws. If tho a ent commissioned to ascertain tho character and past record or ap. Dlicauts for aid from the association should likewise bo direoted to obtain full information concerning the sanitary condition of their homes, with a view to thoir betterment nntlor tho direc tion of a competent employed for that 'Urposo, would not tno rosuit bo adeemed beue it to those lielood, beside making no littlo con tribution to tho innrovement of the sanitary condition of tho city? This subject ia specially commouded to the consideration of tho contri butors, with the hope that their genorons ro aponso will enable tho association to carry otit that branch of tho work wilh vigor una effici ency. The rapid growth of the city and tho enlarged field of tho work havo rouderod necoasivry the extension of depot facilities, particularly in tho eastern portions.

The subject has rocoivod con Bidorzitioii at varions times, bnt it was onlr re contly a conclusion was reached aud a committee appointed to select a site ou whioh tn erect a branch depot. It is cauao for congratulation that tho committee have, with rare skill and in telligenco, mado an admirable selection. A site 40x1 00 reot on tho wosti rly side or Throop avenue, between Gates avenno and Ouincv street has been purchased for $0,000, on which it is proposed to erect a suitable buildmg and to furnish tbe samo at a cost not exceeding $10,000. The cordial thanks of tho association aro tendered to Mr. William M.

Gibion for disinterested assistance rendered to the committee in their work, winch has boon so Batisfactrily performed. The successful result of efforts to increase tho interost of the oitizens of the Twonty fifth ward in tho work of tho association may bo noted with pleasuro and as reuacung crodit on the gentlemen through whose assiduoUB efforts it was ac complished. Repoated attempts had previously been made in tnat direction, out tney were un fruitful. On tho evening of November 20 last a mooting was held in tho Lowia avenue Congr eratioual church, when the obleot and claims of the association in its work of beneficence wero ably and forcibly res ntotr Tho sub'equeiit 1 no to tho appeals for contribution to the society certainly manifestod an intorest which could hardly havo been expoctod. The offorts thiB ma le in that ward to oulist the interests of its citizens in tho cause were zealou i ly continued V.y Jlr.

Eli II. Bishop, who had not been previously idontifiod with the work of tiio association, and it is gratifying to stato that up to tho present tho sum of Stit30 in monoy iias been collocted. and goous to the valuo of $71. 315 contributed, although littlo or 110 contributions had been made in tha ward in Previous years. May not tho hope bo expressed that this example may bo followed by others and enable tho society to enlarge' its work? We may not make special recognition of all tho sorvices rouderod to the association by oarncst and dovoUd Friends of the poor and unfortunate, hut we cannot refrain from recording thu work dono by tlu ladies' clothing committee, who have given two days iu each weok during January, February and aud the reiuilt of whose la burs certainly testifioa to their efficiency.

It is a pleasure also to notice the gratuitous prntCBuiouat services rondered by several phyai cians, and a largo aggrogato of contributions to alleviate tho ailments ol tbe noor made by many city drug stores, all of which are acknowledged with the cordial thanks of tho association. It is also duo to the solicitors that mention be mado of their self donying efforts in behalf of tho poor. To them especially a word of encouragement is duo, as boing the active ageuts through whom a large part of iho mcaus of the association is obtained, and thoir reward is tho consciousness of service performod in a truly good causo. Smco our lust roDort throe of our follow labor ers have passed tho boundary of this life and wo would pay our tributo of respect to their memory. These aro: Clatidian G.

Morse, olectcd mombor of the board in 1847. and from that timo to his ileath he continued to labor with ua either as a solicitor or manager. James s. Case, elected mombor 01 tho board in 1808 and continued earnestly identillod with tho society until his death. William L.

Torry, elected member of the board 111 877, and up to within a yoar ho had been an assiduous worker iu the interests of the society, and only ceased because of impaired health. For as much as they ministered unto the least of tUo brethren they havo surely had their reward, messed bo their memory. The report wa3 unanimously adopted, after which the roport of tho treasurer, Samuel Row land, was road. It shows that tho cash receivod from solicitors and voluntary contributors amounted to $14,505.50, which, with tho balance on hand at the last report and tho earns received from tho excise fund and othor sources, was swelled to Tho moat important disbursements wero: For provisions, S4. 054.

42; for coal, for dry goods, 087.22; for shoes ami rubbers, SI, 470.40; for routs for familios, for burial oxpenses, S48; for modiciues, So.Go; for removing families, for redeeming goods from pawn, $21.58. The disbursements for the year amounted to $20, 744.90, leaving a balance on hand of $575.72. David M. Stone reported for tho committee on nominations. The society adopted tho report, elocting these officers for the onsuing year: President, A.

D. Whceiock; vice presidents, C. C. ChriBtensen, Cornelius D. Wood, John Claflin, Anton A.

llavon, A. Augustus Low; treasurer. Samuel Rowland; deputy treasurer, Henry E. Rowland; recording secretary, John A. Nexsen; corresponding secretary, Albert A.

Day; ext ou tivo committoo, David M. Stono, Lysander W. Manehostor, Thomas M. Andrews, David C. Tie beut, Henry Mumford, John Truaiow, William E.

Wheelock and James M. Ham. Advisory committees for each of tho twenty six ward of Brooklyn wero chosen and Albert A. Day re elected genoral agout of tho association. The mooting then adjouruodj THE FIGHT IN THE FOURTH WARD.

Beattio aad Klin Itricrads Out Against Utrltetl. There never woro so many Fourth ward Republicans gatherod together as met in Municipal hall, in Fulton stroat, last ovening. William J. Beattio, an anti Birkett man, was in tho chair, and tho position waj used advantagoously to liolp his own sido. A motion from tho Beattio faction that a committee of five bo appointod to mako up a ticket waa ontortaiuod by tho chair.

Tho voto on it Beomed to bo about oveiily divided, but tho decision of the ohair gavo tho victory to his faction. Boforo appointing tho committeo Mr. Beattio said that ho dosired to mako an explanation of a personal character. Ho romarkod that for a week past ho had boon unable from illness to got around tho ward much, but that in the meantime Mr. William n.

Curtin and Mr. McElvaine had boon around virtually saying that Sir. Birkett had picked him (Mr. Ecattie) out of tho gutter flvo years ago. "I worked for Mr.

Birkett," continued Mr. Beat tie, warmly, "and always rendered a dollar's worth of Bervico for every dollar I got. I havo livod in this ward twenty years and thore never waa an occiaion whon any man could pick me out of tho gutter." 'Then amid parlimentiry objections and tho hurling back of cpithots, in which nil tho orators joined, this committee to miko up a ticket was named: nonry W. Squires, A. B.

Diss, J. 3. Stateu, Georgo Cochrane aud E. M. Smith.

Thoy are all violent anti Birkett men. Transfers of twelve men from varioaa other ward organizations were indicatod by tho cus tomary lottera. Hitherto it has been usnal to put the names on tho roll when tho letters are presented. Mr. Beattio refused to perform this usual ootirtosy last evening and insisted on a porsonal appearance in evory instance.

As a consequence, only Ave new names wero addod. There wero some interchanges of compliments botween Mr. Honry Jones and tho chairman before adjournment and a lively time is expected at the primary. THE ritAXCO PItUSSlAK ALMAXCE. London, Octobor 8.

The Paris correspondent of tho Times tele grapho; "A railitary convcntion between Franco and Russia has beon oxistcnt for fifteen months, A further treat7 of alliance Is about to bo signed. Its provisions will not bo communicatod to tho chambers, but will remain tho secret or President Oarnot, U. de Froyelhot, minister of war; M. Ribot, minister of foreign affairs, and Count de Moutobello, French ambassador to St. Potora burg, until such time a3 they think proper to disclose them." Drr, Sparkling anJ deUotons.

tiooi'a IMFK2I1X OUAU do of Annual Meeting of the New York Academy. Address by President Dr. Edward C. Mann of Brooklyn Upon "The Prevention of Diseases of the Nervous System and the Miad of Han." The New York academy of anthropology held its ninth annual meeting at Coopor union Tues day afternoon. The election of officers lor the ensuing year was as follows: President? Edward 0.

Mann, M. F. S. 8., of Brooklyn; vice presi denta, William G. Anderson, M.

and Edward Thwing. M. Ph. of Brooklyn, and Dr. H.

8. Drayton, A. LL. secretary, Duren J. H.

Ward, Ph. D.i treasurer, Dr. M. L. Holbrook; membera of tho council, G.

Hilton Soribnor of Now York. Dr. Henry S. Drayton, Dr. William M.

McLaury and Dr. F. G. Welch: trustees, L. Ben et Itev.

George if. Breed, Dr. William u. Anderson, Dr. H.

8. Drayton. Dr. M. L.

Holbrook and Dr. P. Thwing. Tho report of tho treasurer showed a balance in tho treasury after all indebtedness had been paid. Letters of regret at not being able to bo presont at the annual meeting of tho academy and make addresses were read from Presi dout 0.

K. Adama of Cornell university and Gates P. Thurston, the well known archaeologist of Tenu. Boyajlan Bey, bettor known to the American public by hia nom du plume of Osinan Bey of Constantinople, was present and made a very interesting addross on the hiatory of civilization of tho Armenians and Turks, and followed by Mr. Heraut M.

Kirerchjian of Constantinople, who also made an interesting and valuable address on tho characteristics of tho Armenians aud The annual address was theu mado by Iho president, Dr. Edward 0. Mann of this city, as follows: Ladies and gentlemen I thank you for the honor which you havo shown me by re eleoting me for the iitth time to the office of president of the Now Stork academy 01 anthropology and 1 cau aBsuro you that I shall spare no effort to advance the interests of the academy in the future as I have in the past. To day this academy occupios a position iu tho scientific world of which wo may all feel justly proud. Wo are now in touch aud in afilliation with the ltoyal Asiatic sooioty of London, the anthropological societies of Paris, Vienna, Loipzig, Moscow, Mnnich and Copenhagen, tho arcbioological societies of Greeco, Iceland and Sweden, tho British mtisoum at London, anil the geographical societies of Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, St.

Petersburg, Portugal, Italy, rans and Austria, uosiuo tne Smithsonian and other institutions at homo. Wo havo on our roll of membership the distinguished names of Stophon, Sir John Lubbock, Browne, Forbes. Winalow, Burdge, Huxloy, Maudsley, Pitt Hivers, Tuke, the lato Matthew Arnold, Potrio Galtou, Rhys Davids. Savage, Tidy, Buckwill and Cust of London: Prinoo Bo laud Bonaparte, Marquis do Nadaillac, Foviiio, Ernest Chantre, do Quatrofagos, La Bon, Cav tailhac, Horelacque, do Jiortillot, Pozzi, Topin ard. and tho lato Gonoral Faihberbo of Paris; Carl Vogiit of Gonova: Loow and llauke of Mu nich; Desqnin 01 Antworp; uorlnua ot btras Bsnedikt.

Much. Muller and Krauss of Vienna; Stoida of Konigsborg; Erust of Caracas; Kraffi Ebiag of Graz, Austria: Mierzcjuws kl aud do of St Petersburg, and Kowa lewsky ol Kharkoif, Russia; Tamburiui of Turin and mantegazza 01 iriorenco; negar 01 urus sols; RIorel of Gheut; Schmidt and His of Leipzig; Haockul of Jona; Drummoud and Black of Edinborough; Monteiiua of Stockholm; Sieen strup of Copenhaffcti aud Waldomar Schmidt of the sanio city; ItetziiiB ef Stockholm; Bastiau and Hartmauu of Berlin; Leith of Bombay; Baj Coomau Itoy of Jumalpur; Yellowlees ol Glas aow: Bovd Dawkins of Manchester and Bt ddoo of Bristol and Sayce and Tyler of Oxford: Teilo of Leydon; Itiggs of Turkey and Itoclus of Clarcns, a list of whioh any academy iu tho worid may well bo proud, as thoy are names known throughout tha world aa prinoes in science. Onr list of members on this side ef the Atlantic may well inspire us with not loss pardonable pride as we road tbo names of Brinton, Powell, Wright, Goode, Holfman, Kobinson, rlaynos, JNowborry, laly, Ihoniaa, sorionor, Hughes. Storer, Darling, Pratt, Van Wyck, Cum uacK, naxier, wiiuney, Armor, oitone, names, Cushing. Coan.

Uarleton. Breed. Crosbv. Htorrs, Beese, Hall ond the lato Hon. Stanloy Matthews, beside a score of others.

Such a list of names should inspire us all to do our best work. Dur ing the past lour years tne worlt 01 tho academy has boen 111 ims ot the study 01 man trom a pnys leal, mental and historical standpoint, a discus sion of his place in nature, an examinatisu into the underlying laws of his intellectual growth and a study ot tho varieties or the species, their characteristics, their locations and their relationships. These are tho topics that have been discussed under tho head of anthropology, oth nolotiy aud ethnography 111 the academy, wmio prehistoric ttrchisologi', whiali seeks Co ascer tain and depict tho very beginnings of tho arts of lifo and of tho domestio aud bo. cial relations and the reunions of manklucl and tho history of oulturo which treats of the moral, intellectual, social and polttioo economi eal aH well as nolitical development of a people. describing their iife in all its phases, havo also bten included in the objoct aud scopo ot the academy's work.

Many of tho most distin cuishud men 111 this country have read papers before the academy and papers of groat valuo and interest havo been aent from our eminent members abroad. The papers read daring tho past four years on anthropology have looked primarily at the auatomy. nhydiology and psy chology of inau, aud secondarily to the histsry af oivilizatiou. Very abio papers havo also been read on otnnograpny, dsseribing the laws, customs and habits of nations: on ethnology, seok ing for tho conditions which give riBe to these habits, the influence thoy exert on tho dostiuy ot commonwealths, and trie principles of life which thoy illustrate. The papers on ethnogra.

nhy have depicted and these on ethnology have explained, tho physical oonditioua, the stage of culture aud the social lire or the various tribos of men. with tho final aim of interoretimr. by a comparison of facts, the universal laws or progress of the human species. Tho papers on prehistoric, archtsology presented to the academy have, by thoir investigations, tended toward the restoration ot tho history or tne race during these periods for which we have no written records and thrown now light on tho relations which the species of man boa" ,0 other animals lower in tho scale of zoolo lifo and have illustrated tho lawa of his evolution, both physical and mental. The earliest migrations of na.

tions and tho primitive distribution havo shared thoir attention. In thoir scope they have included evory portion of the globe which has been in habited by man. ive hope ror renewed in erest in tho work of tho academy for tho season of 1891 9:3 and extend hcarty thanks for tho kind co operation of tho oflicera and members of the academy, which has made all this good work in this young est and greatest 01 all the sciences a possibility, aud wo hope that every member of the academy wil be present at evory meeting. Tho meotings will no held on tho lust ami third luesday after noons or each month at 3 o'clock, and aro free to all who are interested in our work. In my previous addresses boforo tho academy I have roviuweu tno euciimsiuneos which, during me past twenty live years have favorod so many discoveries and led to so much progress in anthro pological science, havo spoken on the outlines of anthropology and, at other tinios on the history ot culture, and civilization, aucieut and modern, and havo also spoken ou the subiect of the itov.

eminent, lawB and prosperity of our nation and raco aud citizens, comes direotly under ono 01 tno sup divisions ot ethnology, which is tno government anu laws uy wnicn the diner out races aro controlled and thoir nrnwor. ity developed. I haye also, from a careful study of Stanley's works. Blloken 011 his in Africa, viewed from an anthropoloeical.etiinc graplncal, ethnological and geographical stand poi. it.

I ask your attention this afternoon toadif. fcrent but very important subjoct, namely, the nreventiou of diseases of tho nervons Hjtem nnrl mind in man. Il will be interesting primarily to nolo a lew general considerations on the novel onmiiiit of tho ncrvona system bv evolution. ,1 differential nervous apparatus first shows itsolf in the ascidian uiUl It consists of ono gau glion, situated in the 1. ighborheod of the month in the montla, and giv ng off cords which proceed to tho sense aud dk'stivo organs, the mus cular sac and both orifices.

Noxt in ordor come the etonopnora, in wnicn, in mo end furthest removed from tho mouth, is tho tenocyst, a spherical vesicle. This is a souse organ and losts 0:: a ganglion giving oft fibers. Next come the echinoidoa, whore there is a ganglionated cord Bin rounding i ue gunot anu sending oil nve branches among tho ambnlial spaces. The annulosa havo a chain of ganglia running the whole length of tho body and nuitod by nervous cerds. At ono end, whore tho aonso organs are situated, tho last Doat oasonhaeroal trantrhnn irivsH off two oords, which pass, ono on either sido of tbo couophagu.

and enter each a pre cesophageal ganglion the cephalic which ganglion is generally double. The highest momlmrsof the ordor of tho annulosa, tho insecta havo two cords passing backward from the cephalio above tho vential iranillia. and givintr off branches to them aud the body walla. This is the moat rudimentary tormoi me cerebrospinal system. 111 tno ver tebrata wo havB a vertebral column.

The lance let is tho vortebrato with the simplest nervous system. Tho nerval axis of tho animal is a delicate tract of nucleated cells surrounded by a covering of pia mater. Fifty or sixty pairs ot nerves are givon ulf laterally. Tho lampreys aud bog lishes have a higher nervous organization than tho laucelet, as thoy havo a cartilaginous cranium aud tho apinM cord extends anteriorly, Thero is no bony spinal column. In the cod and tho shark the posterior fissure widen; and the halves of the cord exonnd.

Two latera columns also project into tho ventricle from tho conjoined lestitorm and pyramidal tracts, ivt next get a cerebellum and crura cerebelli addod. Primarily lu tne brain we havo a medulla, a cer ebelium and ono or two unimogrtant anneud agoa. Relatively it is higher and more comnlox in fishes than in the higher vertobrates. The braiu ia, to all intents and purposes, the developed cephalio portion of the cord. Secondarily we have the optic lobes, which ia tha largest division in osseous fishes.

Under the lobes are two sub ephencal bodies, separated by walls contain inir a. cavitv which is aualatrous to tho thirc vontricle of the brain in man. This ventricle is prolonged downward into tho podicle of the petuitary gland, and upward into that of the mall. not muah larirer than a hnmau thumb. while the brain of a bird 1b larger, both laterally and vertically, but is oompoaed principally of ttie optic lobos and the oerebelium.

The braiu of the dog and other animals is larger anteriorly, aud the cerebra have developed pari passu with the animal's degreo intelli ffflimn. and this rule is observed in the human raco, the complexity of tho brain being in direct relation to the dosree or intelligence oi tno people. Multiplication of ganglia, as for instance in the actiuidto, is always accompanied by a corro differentiation of cancrlionic functions. some Going dovsted to aighl, others to controlling muscular tissue etc. The nervous system is always adapted to the general struoture of the ani mal.

The nervous syatera 01 tne annulosa con nistu of tho double chain of ganglia which I havi deaoribed. The greatest number of these ganglia are post resophageal, representing the sympathetic of the higher animals. The pre oesopha geal ganglion boing situated ou the superior aur aoa of the digestive tube is tho direot homologuo of the vertebrate brain. The insoeto whioh aro tho most important members of this order exhibit, as I havo said, tho most rudimentary form of a corebro spinal axis. Thero is a prolongation of tho tubstanco of tho cephalio ganglion backward in the form of two cords abovo and in oontaot with tho non cephalio ganglia.

Functionally, these spinal fibers unite tbe ganglia and fibers into a mechanism eapablo of respond, ing to the mandates of any one ganglion, bnt more especially to the cephalic If we cat an an nnlose animal, such as the garden worm, for instance, Into pieces, each piece will retain the power of moveniont for hoars, provided that each piece haa a perfoct Tho garden worm has no spinu noers. it 1 taao an insect, snob os a fly, and oat off its head, it oan fly a Ut li ile, oan walk, canregatn its looting 11 1 pat on ts fcaotc But If I oat it In two, it disj Whr Assemblymen Renominated for Good Conduct. Democratic Conventions Held Last Night. All but One of the Twelve Put a Candidate in the Field An Adjournment in the Eleventh District New Selections in the Second. Seventh, Ninth and Twelfth Labor Men Give Excellent Characters to Several of the Aspirants for a Winter Residence in Albany.

At all of the Domooratio assembly distriot conventions, which wcro held last evening, there traa manifested tho Btrongoat kind of aentimont in favor of the nomination of James W. Ride way for mayor. Tbo conventions were entirely harmonious, and the business of soveral of them was of the out and dried ordor. Not that tho nominations had been arbitrarily inado boforohand by bighor powers, for in every caso the nominee named seemed to be tho free selection of tho dolegaies representing the Democratic voters of tho district. Thoro were nominations for third terms.

In tho Second district a new man will ask hid noigbborB to send him to Albany, and in tho Twelfth ex Assemblyman Graham has displaced Mortimer 0. Earl from tho candidature. Louis C. Ott succeeds Schaaff in the Seventh, and a now man will try and find out if the political lightning can striko twice in the same place in the Ninth district. Joseph J.

Cahlll ttecelveil Donbio Honors In lEix District. Register James Kane, Alderman Moses Wafer and Tax Collector A. S. Swan lent their august presence to tho FiiYt assembly district convon tion, which was held at Price's hall, Columbia and Irvine streets last menu Thoy wcro thero oarly but the delegates wore somewhat tardy in putting in an appearance. It was long after the honr sot for tho convention, when Jlr.

Swan oalled the roll; tho following answered to their names: First ward, John Lynch, Michael J. Gal vin, P. Thomas and H. Doody. Sixth ward, Thomas J.

Keilly, Patriok Borko and Cornelius Shea. Mr. Reilly was eloeted presiding officer and Mr. Qalvin, Bocrotary. Tho utmost unanimity provailed and Joseph J.

Cahillof tho Sixth ward was renomiuatod. MessrB. Rorko and Doody were appointod a committoo to Dud Mr. Cahill and escort him boforo tho convention. Contrary toouBtom thoy did not find Mr.

C'ahili, who was just then in the recoipt of additional honors. lie had beon called home to groot the arrival of a little stranger in his household, which probably pave him more ploasuro than the Dcmocrauo ro Tho convention then adjourned without hoaving the thanks of the nominee or his profession of failh in the success of tho Don ocratlc party. The latest edition of the Cahills is a Miss, and is said to tip the beam at fourteen pounds. Trillium J. I'lant Will Probably ceed Mr lu (ho Anuoiubly, Joseph J.

McCarthy presided at tho convention of the Second district, which waB held at 30 Wil longhby street. Thero was no opposition to tho selection of William J. Plant of tho Second ward as a candidate and tho nomination was made on the first ballot, llo was named by Maurice Ralph of the Fourth. Mr. Plant id an active Democrat and has livod in the Second ward all his life.

He has never held political oliieo and is popular among his neighbors. John Cooticj Alo without a Qinnctitinn; Vote. Tho Third district convention met last night atHoytand Bergen etreetB. Patrick H.Butler ctllod it to order. Secretary James MoGrnth of the Third ward recordod the fact Tho delegates from the Third ward were James McGrath John Griffin and Patrick Ilealy.

Fromlthe Tenth wero Edward P. H. Butler and WilUam F. Kearus, A communication was read from the Central labor union indorsing Mr. Cooney aa a working man's candidate for assembly.

Mr, Ilealy nominated Mr. Ooonoy, which was second ed by Edward Smith, and tho nomination went through with a rush. Tho proposer and sec. onder escorted Mr. Coouoy before the conven.

lie eald thero was a prejudice against third torms, but a matter of fact a man required ex perlonco to make hint an effective legislator. If rt olectod, lit) would try to aid tho party in what he hoped would be a Democratic legislatui and to benefit iho poople He was in favor of a Btato reapportionment and of remedial legislation for the working man. This ended tho seance. On ail sides there was a decided objection to talk about the mayoralty candidate but tho eoner.il tenor was that it would be most inopportnuo to nominate Chapin. Tho goneral feeling was strongly in favor of Ridgway.

Jolin J. O'tiiunor, Too, Is Now Before tliv Voter for a Tliirj! Form. Harmony is a cold naiuo for the state of affairs at the Fourth assembly district convention last night when Alderman William H. Jordan called itto order at 181 Myrtle avenue. The distriot embraces the Fifth and Elevonth wards.

The delegates from tho Fifth ward wero James Mahon, James Irwin and Edward Cushing. From tho Eleventh tho delegatus wero William J. McLaughlin, Josoph Mahon and Pulaski 0. Wilson. Pulaski 0.

Wilson was uuaui mously chosen as porraancnt chairman and Edward dishing, secretary. Chairman Wilson said: Let us resolve to use our best endeavors for the success of the entire Democratic ticket, from Boswoil I'. Flower for governor i0 ollr candidate for mayor, and tho humblest nominee of the party. Let us Eire them such a yote aa shall not leavo the issue in doubt. Then we shail make Kings county tho Democratic keystone of the Empire state.

When Mr. Wilson sat down tho combined Democratic forces of tho Fifth and Eleventh wards cave ft yell of applause that blew a holo in the fog and rain outside and mado a lamp visible across the stroot Edward Gushing proposed John J. O'Connor, and Joseph seconded tho nomination. It was carried, antl Joseph Mahon of the Fifth and William McLaughlin of the Eleventh ward escorted A semblyman O'Connor to the platform. In a brier speech ho tendered Ins thahks to tho convention and his constituents.

Ho was always with the working man and had voted against a bill to reduce tho wattes of tho laborers on tho canals, and also ugainst tho bill to reduce tbo wages of tho stato printers. He hoped tho noxt Democratic governor would have the support of a Democratic legislature. Ex Assemblyman Ilaggerty at onoft look the chair vacated by the convention ruler and announced that it was in order to nominate a supervisor for tho ward, as a special meotiug of the association had beon called for that purpose. There wn no ik lay. Chief Clerk Daniel Kelly of the coroner's oilice proposed tho name of William Hughes, who he hoped would bo elected.

The only stain on the Democratic fame of the ward was a Republican supervisor. Mr. McNamara seconded the nomination of Mr. flughos in terms eo flattering that Mr. Hughes must have blushed unless ho had the epidermis of a rhinoceros.

The encomiums wero nil deserved and everybody cheered until the echoes rang again. Tho election of O'Connor and Hughes is but a matter of time. Mr. llughos is a lawyer. AssenibSyiuiiii John Kaiiy Jho Uaan.

iraOitM Ciaoicc In the KT ifth district. John Kelly was again ohoson last night as tho Democratic candidate for the assembly from the Fifth district, which comprises the Twelfth ward alone. The convention, held at Frank flennossy's liall, fi ii; called toordor by Alderman Michael J.ColTey. Tho delegates prose nt woro James McManus, Daniel McCarthy and Michael J. Konna.

Mr. MoMauus was chosen presiding officer, and Mi1. McCarthy secretary. Thoy wont to work immediately and renominated Jlr. Kelly, who waa brought before tho convention.

A letter from the Central labor union indorsing his candidacy and requesting his renomiuation was read. Mr. Kelly thanked tho eonvontiou for choosing him to represent it He said that he always mad" it a rule to vote for any measure that benefited tho workingmau and added that if his work the past merited shell recognition ho hoped that his labors in the future would be just as well thought of. Tho convention was then at an end. r.alior Npe.

iis a fioud Word Sor Sir. Niitfcids iu Che Sixth Tho Sixth asstmbly district convention was railed to oi iier last evening in Adelplii hall. Grand and Hooper streets, by Fire Coinniinsiouer John Jir. Ennis, in his opening remarks, tnid be desired congratulate the Democracy of the Fourth senatorial district on tho nomination they had made the previous night. Applause.

Patrick 11. iicCarreu's running abilities wore those of a greyhound, and he hoped that the Sixth assembly district would place in nomination a good running mate to so excellent a candidate. Ho also hoped that the candidate for assemblyman wonld come from tho Fifteonth ward. Laugbter and applause. Tho delegates answered to their names as follows; Fourteenth ward Thomas W.

McCurmaek, Donnelly, Frank N. Fielding. Fifteenth ward James S. Lynch, John J. ILa riDgton, James P.

Moluorny. Thomas W. McCorinack was elected permanent chairman and John J. Harrington permanent secretary. Nominations wero then declared in ordor.

James H. Lynch It affords me great pleasure to place in nomination as a candidate for assemblyman from this district the Hon. William E. Shields. Applause.

During the two terms lie has already corved in the assembly ho has mado a noblo record for himself as a faithful, consist ent Democrat and a truo friend of tho people. His course has been uuoh that ho is entitled to a renomiuation and a triumphant re olectioti. Jlr. Lynch thou road tho following communi cation frem the Brooklyn central latior union Brooklyn Centbal Labod Usion, 3Kn Pulton amsBT, Brooklyn, Octobor 4, 1801 To the Dt.Uqnlf.it ot the Sixth AuemWv District vonvenwni Gentlemen At a mooting of thelocislative oomtnitteo of tbe Brooklyn central labor union. mon sensation and it acts Dy lten witnout me brain.

It. acta as a whole and section causes death. Another very interesting fact is that the fineness of libro in mail is iu direct relation to tho dignity of its Tho nerve fibres in man, in the brain and spinal cord, leasure from 1 1,000 to or an men in diameter and in tho trunkB and branches of nervos thoy measure from 1 2,000 to 1 3.000 Inches. In the mammalia tho avorago sizo oi wis ervo fibers is from 1 1, utio or an men in di meter to o.soo. in tno irog 1 1, uu to 1 2,280 and the eel 1 1,043 ol an inch.

Among tho invertebrates the fibers aro relatively fewer and coarser than iu the vertebrates, and the fibers of the cephalic ganglion aro finer than tbose of nerve brunches. Wo can, thorofore, judge prfitty no. trly about the relative powers or porta or any animars nervous system by comparing the bizo of their fibers. We see, therefore, inrougu aa tne momoers 01 tne animal Kingdom which possess a nervous system a process of evolution or development gradually proceeding, with 1 gradual differentiation of nflrvntis cords to sooarate fibers: that we have primarily multiplication of ganglion and as tho noxt step ill evolution or development the supremacy of a single ganglion whioh becomes the SCPnailO ganglion, ami um. ntjA.

wills uupu.mu ganglion sends backward two communicating cords and wo h.ire a gradual elaboration ot the oerebro npinal axis. Wo should boai in mind that the qualities of tho tissues of the highest ver tebrates are tne unieroniiaieu properties 01 tno simpler protoplasmic cell. If we find but asinglo ganglion in an animal, we know that in it resides that animal's highest powers. If tho ganglia are connected with sense organs, we know thon that wo have an animal witu ganglia of special sense, presiding over sight, hearing, etc. As the corebro spinal axis elaborates, wo navo separate ganglia with distinct functions, the spinal cord ftift'ftrontiattnn in degreeand receiving tho power of reflex action, which increases with multi plication of sympatnetio ganglia, losing gradually its facilities of common sensation and volition, which become grouped in tho cephalic ganglion or braiu.

The nervous system develops first in the development of a large coraplox cephalic ganglion and spinal cord: and Bocond arily, by tho extenaion into the tissues of tho body of oitshoots irom tno spinal corn; ana finally, as I havo before remarked, as tho intelligence increases, tho flnenoss of the nervous fibers increases. A perfect state of the organization of tho nervous system and freedom from any pathological condition are enttired for the perfect perrormauco or its function. Any pathological stato of the brain or spinal cord changes the normal function 01 tho nervous system and produces disease. The causes of diseases of the nervous system are like the causes of all diseases predisposing and exciting. Tho first or predisposing oau je comprises tho conditions which so modify the health of a person aB predispose him to the acquisition of nervous diseases.

They are, the inuuonco 01 ase, wuu tuu important puy. uoiogi eal epochs that pertain to tho different periods of life; difference the organization of tho sexes; personal peculiarities, comprising tne inniiance of herodity.with its transmissiou of peculiarities, taates aud tendencies to disease, auoh aa insanity, epilopsy, hysteria and neuralgia; occupation, habits of life and effects of previous disease, which many times engondor a liability to recurrence of the aame or allied neurosis; aud finally, iuflnouee of climate and atmospheric changes and temperature. Tho socona or exciting causes of nervous disease may be divided into threo classes aiechanioal, chemical aud vital. First mav be mechanical or pert.iinins to abnor malities in anatomical structure of the nervous svstom or interference with it. as thickenin contractiou of blood vessels by pressure on them or irom obstructions in tnem; impediments to tne transmission 01 nm'VG currents alonz tno norves: dilations of artories mid extravasations or eiiu sions of tho blood or serum, ot'ooud Tho cheni ic.il causes of nervous diseases include ail that may bo traced to the action 01 poisonous sub stancss, whether derived from the inorganic or organic kingdoms; thus muscular tremor, may indicate mercurialism, and dropped hand lead Tho effect of stlmulartts.

narcotics and tobacco Is also included. Tho retention in the system of poisonoua eif jte matter, owing to the defective aotiou of tho excretory orcaua, are important chemical causes 01 nervous diseases and depend npan lnoiucient action of tho kid pend npan inefficient action of tho iiov K. liver, luntrs aud skin. The brain beiu2 so abundantly supplied with blood vessels la liable to all abnormal conditions which irregularity in the quantity or quality of the blood can occa sion. If thero is excess of carbolic acid ot deficicner of oxveon iu tho blood circulat ing through tho braiu it is immediately affected by it.

The brain is also disturbed through sympathy, by injuries of, or poisonous influences applied to. the peripheral portions of tho uervons system. Third The vital causes of nervous diseases aro those which implant thorn Bolvos in our bodies and grow aud multiply, pro ducing certain characteristic symptoms. Thoy may bo palpabla, actual, living objects, as para sitic animals and yegetablos, or they may be the infectious matter 10 which tho exAiithomatous fevers are due: or tho ueiooh of malaria on wiuoh intermittent fovor depends. Tho nervous system is especially liablo to disease, as its supreme controlling center, tho brain, is liable to conditions 0 exhaustion to a greater exiont than any othor organ of tho body.

Tho overtasked body cannot, as can other orgaus, gradually gaiu an increase of power to perform its task, but if taskod to aucn a state or exertion, py any cause or set of causes, that such exertion fails to be followed bv sicoo rapid exhaustion follows, with exclteuiout or and perhaps irregular ana disproportionate activity of its functions. I'he Dram cens iieriv nutritive nourisiimeni irovn the blood principally or entirely during sloop. and anvthinu that direotly interferes with the uniform aud healr hy interchange of nutritive plasma passing from the vessels to the ctiis, and if the fluid cell contents in a stato of involution or degenerative metamorphosis passing from the cods to the vessels, derangoB the intimate connection between the nervouB and vascular systems through which their most important func tions aro performed, producing at once grave diaturbaucos of tho nervous system which may eventuate in mental disease. The elementary disturbances of the cerebral functions which we meet with in mental disoaso involve processes in tho emotional Bphere; procesuos in the sphere of the conceptions, comprising the reason, memory aud phantasy, and, anally, processes lu tho psycho motor sphere, the impulses and will. Iu (lis ease of tho mind thero iB morbid doiusivo con ception or perception "1 snujectivu origin, causing change of mental character as compared with former self or normal ancestral type through organic conditions originat inff in diseas within tho system, external motirea playing put spcondarv nart when thev influence at all th mental conduct.

All parent teachers aud Phvsi ciansshould remember in their relations with the young 111 tho educational period that procosity is a sign or biological lureriority, aud tnat hi precoslty of organisms aud orgaus is in an in verse ratio to the extent of their evolution. Tin nsveho nemoses which attack an intact brain oi'tou oommonce in intellectnal exertion of tha exhausted brain, tho exhaustion being ludicated by taking up too great a variety of subjects for Kbiflv dnriti7 tho edncational period of life. 1 must insist upon tho point, that the mental fut ure depends very largely upon the nervous an nhvsieal strength which the soxss attain bofor the age of 21. We too often sacrifice tho consti tution to what wo deem educational necessities deem tho necessity in a rounc nersou to havt nb.iitv of bone, blood and muscle and to be well developed, with an accurate balance botween the physique and the norvons system, and if something has to bo sacrificed let it be some of the education and not some of tho mental or physical health, Observant physicians know that nemotio affections aro increasing and multiplying. Wo have 10 day, as Americans, a morbid uervousnedB which I consider to bo a comparatively now stato ot tho system, developing itself in modern socle tv and making itsolf manifest by neuralgia, sicl headache, dyspepsia, hay fever and liemasthenia or nerroua exhaustion.

This unprecedented norvouaness, whon it does pass into actual disease, is also indicated by an incroased sensitive ness to heat and cold and a greatly augmented susceptibility to tho action of stimulants an mirooties. Fat nersons are leas numerous an thin persons moro numorous in the well fed classes of sooioty than was formerly the case. The increasing nervousness ot this country most clearlv evinced by the connection with auc influence of the nervous system on other diseases not properly nervous. Thus in diabetes tlu nervous tystem is in intimate relation witl tho disease, and I couaider that it is often induced by montal anxiety and dis tress, or by suddou rear and shock. It Beems to me to be advancing, pair, passu, wilh the iucreaso of nervous diseases.

Bright's disease of tho kidneys, uephritia and granular kidney are also caused ana aggravated by mental worry and nnxietv. Hoarfc diseases are also incroasina steadily, particularly thoao of nemotic origin and nature. Life, even though it bo not shortened. iB often mado miserable by so called mild nervous disorders, auch aa hyatoria, horper zoster, writer's cramp and sick headache. Premature baldness and oarly decay of tho teeth aro both far more frequent than they naod to be, and there is a greatly inoroaaed consumption of neurotic romodies, auch as morphia, chloral, hyoscyamus, the bromidos, arsenic, and eelaemi num, antipyrino and phouacetino aud sulfonal.

Tho consumption of tea, coffeo aud tobacco is largely on tha increase: the two former neurotic boveragea, and the latter a great nervo Bedative. Tho neurotic and inebriato circlo in society, well aa tho distinctly insano circle of society. ia inoroaaiug out or proportion to too 1 urease of nomilalion. and neurotics havo natural tendency toward drugs and lnebrio ty Tho causes of ail this nervousness are oue, urst, tn the increasinc oomnloxitv of tho nervous sys tem, and, secondly, to the increased complexity of Tha brain. I consider, is increasing iu size in tho American peoplo, and this affects its IllllCLlouai uu lYlty luiiuiiiioeij niou i uuiiu na sizo may not bo increased, thero is a great elaboration in struoture and iu tha way of a imer archi tecture of our brains, now phases ol intelligence and new proclivities to nervous disease.

Ou brains aro finer in structure and more snbtlo 1: mndmniKni. hut instability ia tho result Th conditions of modern life which act on our com plex and excitable nervous systems cause an increased nervous disease and even mental diseaai ituHlf. Modern svstomB of eduoation aro also in fWnkial in Dromoting norvousueB3 and in con tributing to the inotoaso of mental and nervous disoasc. xue gonerai tendency 01 niouern education in the yonng Is to increase the activity and susoeptibiiity of tho nervous system by modifying the nutrition oi the brain centers and Btimulating their growth, anc In fracile. sickly or badiy nourished chil dren, inducing brain exhaustion aud organio disease.

There ia a great increase in habitual headaches, which I attribute to the oxhausting effects of oxcessivo aud ill directed bruinwork in our modern schools Thero are serious dangers lurking our present teaohing processes. iiun ncnrl HlneDlcBsncss. night terrors, somnam bulism, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, iialinoinationa mrl nt.hfir troubles to educational pressure un. wisely applied to delicate children. The great trouble 18 to mane persons uuueratauu tnat orain tiBsue degenerations and mental diseases may be separated by Ions intervals of timo from the too premature and intense stimulation of tho brain which causes those diseases of the nervous sys tem.

More remotoiy, as a cause or over stiinuiat tnrr t.l,n hi ain bv education, wo meet with thf ni ortnndftr.mca of nervoua diseases In the refined, educated and cultivated olasaea. If bv prema ture and Btimulating processea of education we force an elaboration or cerebral structure, haBtoning the functional activity of the bruin, Wltn no auo regaru to me law 01 evolutional nrcoodenco whioh nature obsorvos ii hnr elaboration of the braiu In infanov. child hood and adult age respectively we upset tlt whole oqutiiorium or tne orain ana serious nervoua disease will necessarily follow. Growth mast nrocodu function and If. whilo tho child is so young or delicate that functional aotivity is still, recoie, wo appiy mimic oAuruiae or summation, tliR hraln will never be broncrht to the hicrheiil development of which tt Is capable.

Tha nn ru bral centers, if never properly exercised, develop correotlyj bnt if we over over strain the brain centers their nascent' period, wo dwarf and weaken thomn'iaturblnrf tha bal ance of mind by seriously interfering wi tho tho pant, be a popular candidate, whose strength wonld draw votes to the whole Demooratio ticket Frank N. Fielding nominated Edward J. Clark of tho Fourteenth ward. Ho made no Bpeooh and tho nomination, evidently through forgotful nesB, waa not seconded, but it was receivod with loud applause. Three ballots were taken without reBult, the Fourteenth ward delegates voting solidly for Clark, and those of the Fifteenth ward for Shields.

Then a recess for ten minutes was taken. After recess and Just as a fourth ballot was proposed, Mr. Edward J. Clark entered tho hall. He was warmly groeted by his Jj'ourtoentn ward friends.

Stepping up to tho platform, he asked the privilege of the floor, and said nAn.ln,nnn I nm a ffltAfll tn 1110 301 Ar.ntn Vrmrtnontl, ward, and through them tome peopiooi mat warn, jui umi Bteadfast support given to mo this ovomng. 1, or course, feel as any other citizen Bhoula feel, that it would be a great honor to represent the Fourteenth and Fifteenth wards of the city of Brook ihr, Wiulainrn ot thn state. It IS UBOlOSS to particularize at this time what I would or wnnld not oroooso to do if such were the caso. it o.inma in ihnt. the iTrmnrtaiioe of the approach ing olectiou oannot be overestimated, and I am tvna in snv ttifit tin Dnmoftrafc Hhould allow his in dividual ambitions or preferences to offer any imnnrlimoTit in that RUccosB for which wo are all striving.

rAoplauBe.l Feoling as I do and Mint norsistencv in dividing the veto of this assembly convention may at this time possibly lead to something inharmonious or detrimental to one or more tho party nominations, I rospoctfully withdraw from tho contest On tho fourth ballot Mr. ShioltU was uuan. imously nominated amid tho cheers of tho audi ence, and a committeo consisting of Messrs, Mclncrnoy and Fielding waa appointed to escort tho candidate to the hall. There woro more cheers whon Mr. S'niolds aopearod.

Ho said: Mr. Chnlrman and ffentlomon of tho Sixth assembly district convention Your committee has just informed mo that I havo boon unanimously choson by you as the Democratic candidate to renresont this distriot in the assembly. Tt. Is an honor a trroat honar to be thus chosen threo consecutive times. I oan only ask you to take my actions in the past a3 an oarnostof my performances in the future.

In the paBt, as you know, 1 havo acted with the party and lu matters Of great public interest my vote has always boon an t.lin ciilfi of thA tiRnnlo. TAnnlanse.l Tt was no fault of the Domooratio majority in tho lower house last session that measures or importance to tho poodIg of tho fitate wero not passed. Wo did our whole dutv in tho matter, hut the op position majority in the acnate led by tho pros ont itepnn lean candidate tor governor uu foatod tho will of the poople. Mr. Shields, in oouolusion, made a strong ap peal for tho re eleotion of Senator McCarren, and said ho hopod to soe a Domooratio majority in both branches of tho legislature, so that tho administration of the noxt governor, Boswell P.

Flower, nik'ht receive proper and full support If tho Democratic party would only bo truo to its candidates aud it cortainly would bo true in Kings county tho legislatnro in both houses would havo a good working Democratic major. Uy. The convention was then adjourned. William E. Shields, who has beon renominated as a candidate for assemblyman from tho Sixth district, was born In the Fifteenth ward in 1801 and was eduoatod in public school No.

18, in Mauler stroot, of which Professor Edward Bunh was then, as now, tho honored principal. Mr. Shields studied law in tho office of James Itidgway and was admitted to llio bar in 1882, He took an aotivo intorost in political affairs aud was soon recognizod as one of the rising young men of the Fiftoenth ward Democratic association, where his first cffortB in political oratory were made and applauded. In 1889 Mr. Shields appeared for the first timo as a candidate for of.

fice, having beon nominated for assemblyman from the Sixth distriot. He won by a handsome majority and was last year ro electod. His pres. ent nomination ia tho third ho haa received. EiOEiia C.

Ott 1h Ibo Siraiace in tit Seventh Rtatrict. Louia C. Ott received without opposition tho nomination by the Sovonth district convention which mot in Military hall, cornor of Leonar and Scholes streets. Coroner George H. Lind say called the convention to order.

The dele gates woro George Williams, Honry Schmall an Frederick Bronncr. Mr. Williams was elooted chairman and Mr. Schmall secretary. There waB a lurge attendance of mombors of the Sixteenth ward Democratic nBBoeiatiou.

Mr. Schmall nom inatod Mr. Ott and tho other two delegates each seconded tho nomination. After he was declared tho unanimous ohoico of tho eonvontiou, Mr. Ott was escorted into tho room and he was informed of tho action of tho convention.

He said he doslrod to thank his fellow Demo crats for the honor conferred upon him. He had always stood ready to servo hia party whether tho task be nrlortned was a pleasant ono or no and that ho folt that the task now given him was not a severe one but a very pleasant one. Ho would still be found a faithful servant of his party, and if elected would do all in his powor to serve tho people of his district antl to uphold th principles of Democracy in the stato legislature. Addresses of Jlr. Ott wore thou de livered by Coroner Lindsay, Andrew Deck, Jacob ilwler.

John Vandorhoof and John Tiorney. Hi aneakers said that thev had known the nominee from childhood. They had watched his career in bnsiuess and in politics, and they believed thoy had a canaidare in wnom tns poople oi tno ais triot could place implicit confidence. His elec tion they believed was assured. Louis C.

Ott was born in tho Sixteenth war thirty six years ago. His parents wero Gorman Louis was cdnoatod in public school No. 18 When 31 years of ago he established himself in tli6 cigur manufacturing business, from whic ho retiroil live years ago. He was the iir deputy reventio collector to be appointed un dor tho Cleveland administration. He serve throughout that administration.

He was ap pointed a deputy sheriff and waa attached to the sheriff's ofiieo on January 1, 1891. lie stt holds that position. Until recently ho conductod a saloon at the corner of Stagg and Iluvnboldt streets. In social, businoss and political lifo Ott has always been very popular and he haa host of warm porsonal friends among men of both parties. Jnmca E'.

Quisiey itis file I'riise in lis Ex SnDcrvisor Bernard Lamb cailod tho Eighth assembly district convention to order in th rooms of tho Jeli'orson club, 133 Grcoupoint ave nue. These were the delegates: Seventeenth ward Patrick F. Craddock, Job Carpenter, O. Uossiga. Eighteenth ward John Canfield, John Bison Jlr.

Jlunay. John J. Oaniiold was elected permanent chair man and Patrick Craddock permanent secretary. Thou Mr. Craddock namod as a candidato for the nomination for assjuibiyniati, James Quigley of the Seventeenth ward.

He spoko of tho record already made by Mr. Quigley in th assembly aud presented a communication fro the Central labor, union asking that Mr. Quigley bo nominated. Mr. Quigley received a unan moiis nomination on tho first ballot and Messr ilisou and Rossiga were appointed a committee to invito the candidate to appear before tho con vention.

Applause greeted Mr. Quigley when ho entered the hall. He expressed his pleasure at tho in doraement his acts of the preceding year in legislature had rocoived and said ho was willin to stand en his record. His past experience hac equipped him for future work. He referred in brief to some of tho measures ho had supported last year ami said that ho would take off his coal and work for tho ticket from top to bottom.

JaincsF.Quialey was born in New York in 183 and when little more than a child moved to tl Seventeenth ward of this city, where lie has since resided. He strug sled hard in the face of pov erty and other adverse circumstances to obtain for himself an education and whon, about ten years ago, he was ftdmittod to tho bar, ho was en. abied to feel that his triumph was ono gained by the hardest kind of patient exertion and ion continued self denial. Ho has always taken an active pin in Democratic, politico and la.it year was elected to the state assembly as the repr sentativo of tho Eighth district. iSitnry F.

Coclirauu Expected to 4'erforwa Anoiiicr Hirttclo iu tile fViiith. The delegates to tho liith district convention comprising tho fiiuotceut ana Twentieth wards, mot last evening at 129 Division avenue. William II. lingers of the Twentieth ward called the convention to order aud a permanent organization was effected, with James Sullivan of the Twentieth in the chair and James F. fjnger secretary.

Mr. Sullivan, in returning thanks for the honor conferred upon him, said that they had a candidato to present who would bo a credit to tho district aud the party. Ho referred to tho victory they achieved last year with Mr. Sutherland and iiopcd win the district this year also. William Boyle, on behalf of tho Niueteenth ward, nominated Uoury F.

Cloohrano. There being no other candidate Mr. Cochrane was declared the unanimous ohoice of tho convention. Tho chairman appointed Daniel S. Qualoy, Hugh Winters aud TheoJoro Mentziuaer a committee to bring tho caudidato before tho convention.

When Mr. Cochrane entered the room ha was greetetl Vfith a round of applause. He aaid that he was at a loss to find words in which to fully express his thanks for the honor of being se loctod their standard bearer iu tho district. Ho could find no existiug causo for evil forebodings as to tho result of tho election in tho Ninth district They carried it last 71 ar and there was no roasou why they should not carry it this year. Applause.

In years past it required no littlo hardihood to face their opponents in tho district, 'out the conditions have changed through tho largo accessions to the Domocratio fold. Thoir aucoesa last year was duo to a happy combination of circninatancKS. Many Itcpublicana in tho district havo come to the conclusion that their fealty to their party is at an end. If elected ho would do all in his power to promoto the interests of the people of tho district and of the whole state. Applansc.

The convention, at the olooo of Mr. Cochrane'u address, adjourned. Henrr F. Cochrane was bora in Now York city twenty six years ago. Ho has resided in this city i i One of tho mo fashionable home weddings that the Greonpoint soction of Brooklyn has known iu a long timV, took placo last evening, when Miss Ada Ralston, daughter of James N.

Ralston, was married to Androw J. Provost, at tho residonco of tbo bride's paronts, 138H 1 Noblo street The ceremony was performed by i tho Rev. Samnol S. Knapp, pastor of tke Noble atroet Baptist clmroh, aud was wituossod by I nearly two hundred Invitod guests, Many costly. bridal gifts tostified to tho high esteem in whioh 1 tho young couplo aro hold.

Mr. aud Mrs. Pro 3 vost departed on a short wedding trip at (3 conclusion of which thoy will mako their hoinl in tho western district. Mr. Provost ia a oivil on giucor who haa alroady won an enviable reputa tion iu his profession.

llOTKf, A it HI AM. CLAr.r.N'uox W. T. Ames and family, Oberlln, J. McRo.ivic, Wilkeabarre, 'J.

II. Woodman. Worceater, Mass W. O. Little, Georgo Lfttlo, Bellpnrt; A.

II. Lactin, Ridgowood, N. J.J A. Snyder, Philadelphia; T. M.

Hutchinaon, Boston; Mr. and Mrs. II. A. Fold, Pcckskill; J.

a DeMniid, llonsonhurst; C. F. Bassott, Francos Carlylc, New York city; W. P. Bchcnk, 0.

Schcnk, Brooklyn. Hotu. Sr. Gkohoi: G. A.

Foxcrart, D. Howes, J3. W. Hodgkiu, 0. A.

Purdy, Boston; Mrs. Groonwood, Mr. and 0. 0. Katban, Norfolk, Mr.

and Mrs. U. B. Carhart, jXnoxville, A. II.

Fullorton, Mr. and Mrs. Q. D. Vf iU ton, 3.

Buckley, Brooklyn. i.