The Windsor Star from Windsor, Ontario, Canada • 21

Star The Wi ndsor Pages 21 to 36 Windsor Tuesday July 11 1972 The Arctic pipeline pro and con 5 1 Jff 2 Bstk fi -fh tlTk flk mJVH' 1 jt ft i jw jw nsm I KllOVu WUilUl MillMl IV Mill ItlVBSl past years. Youngsters that were too shy to take their eyes off the floor in a schoolroom have become teen-agers that are bubbling over with ideas and confidence. "They are much more willing to work than what is normal for a northern youngster, because of what they have done, they understand things better "They are learning that hard work is the answer to success I have heard old people tell that the only pride the Indians and Eskimos have left is their skiers." Father Mouchet obviously has struck a responsive chord, with remarkable results, and there are some officials of Arctic Gas who know that this is the way they must go about helping the natives move into a new world. If they don't, then as Father Mouchet himself says: "The outlook is not too bright for the future of those who were first in the land and who have a right to it." experimental ski training program was launched in 1967, and with a grant from Ottawa, the program was quickly expanded with the hiring of a fulltime coach, Bjorger Pet-tersen. During the 1968 season, Pettersen's 15 member team skiied more than 20,000 miles in temperatures 45 below zero, and competed in 45 races.

In their first year of real competition, the team members won three national championships. By 1989, there were 12 northern teams with 275 participants. They competed in 33 different meets in Canada, the United States, Norway, and Sweden, gaining 81 victories. Since then, Father Mouchet's experiment has gone from strength to strength, and Coach Pettersen has made these revealing comments about the effects of the program. "It was interesting," he said, "to watch how the participants have changed in the immensely enjoy being looked after.

"This attitude and game played with the whites gives you an inferiority such that after a while you cannot do anything because someone else is supposed to be looking after you. The natives have been made to believe this will happen through all forms of paternalism." Father Mouchet is convinced that white society must compromise in its integration of the natives into the modern world by allowing them to "retain some links with their traditions, culture and natural environment while seeking the better life." An excellent skier who worked with French ski troops during the Second World War, Father Mouchet put his philosophy into practise by organizing a cross-country skiing program for natives at Old Crow in the Yukon. After three years of development, the territorial and self-respect. The result, all too often, is mental and moral degeneration. He goes on to warn about civilization moving in too fast.

"The white society moving in too fast and too soon, without reaching into the mind of these people forces them to make a comparison and to realise that they were inferior in achievements "Because of the philosophy of survival that permeates everything, a mental-phsychological attitude is formed and prevails in the mind towards a technological people who seem to have magic, doing things with superior know-how, and above all with ease "The white man appears almost as someone coming to save you. Such an. attitude forces you to wait for the white man to solve your problems with money, welfare, superior know-how. An unconscious game starts to be played between the Indian and the whites, where the natives Late last year, sixteen young northerners eight Indian, three Eskimo and five white were hired as permanent employees of the company with the promise that if they wished they could return to the north later and work on the pipeline once construction began. Five of the original 16 dropped out of the training program, and it is interesting to note that four of the five dropouts were white.

They were replaced and another 10 trainees added subsequently. These young men will be active participants in the New North, but there are thousands of others who will find it much more difficult to adjust to a new lifestyle. Father Mouchet, a remarkable Frenchman who has developed a unique sociological program involving cross-country skiing, says that in the clash with a more developed society, the northern native may well lose motivation, self-confidence panies in the consortium to see that the blows of the 1 a e-industrial-wage economy" are softened as much as possible. Of the 6,000 natives living in settlements near the expected route of the pipeline, only about 1,000 are considered employable. But the Gas Arctic Northwest Project Consortium has pledged that recruitment, training and employment of northern residents will have top priority in the planning and operation of the pipeline.

Construction of the huge project will provide employment for some 5,000 men over two years, and will also create several hundred permanent jobs in the Northwest Territories and the Yukon. However, most of these permanent jobs are of a technical nature, requiring considerable training and Alberta Gas Trunk Line of Calgary, one of the pipeline partners, is trying to see that at least some of the natives will be able to do the work. By NICK HILLS Southam Western Bureau INUVIK, Northwest Territories Along the valley of the great Mackenzie River, some 6,000 northern natives are waiting for civilization to engulf them. Although many of the residents of these isolated settlements know the world is about to change almost overnight, they have no real comprehension of what it will be like to cope with the new human environment wrought by the billion dollar Arctic gas pipeline. In the words of one consultant now working for the pipeline consortium: "These people just don't know what is going to hit them." Father Jean Marie Mouchet, a Roman Catholic priest who has spent 25 years studying the lifestyle of the native peoples, puts it another way: "Great sufferings and tragedies are likely to occur." It will be up to the 16 American and Canadian com Scient ists neaiin Qnta ills no yyyyy.yZ mi This is the second of a series by Paul Vasey of The Canadian Press, who has been studying critical pollution of the Great Lakes.

It deals with Lake Ontario. By PAUL VASEY Fifteen million dollars worth of scientific attention is being paid to Lake Ontario this year. And with good reason. The poor health of the 7.300-square-mile lake is exceeded only by its sickly cousin Lake Erie. For years, as Lake Erie deteriorated under the noses of scientists on both its shores, Lake Ontario was getting sicker and entered what officials have termed the first stage of dying.

Already, algae cling to its greenish beaches and shores from Toronto to Hamilton and its phosphate input is far too heavy at 18,000 tons a year. High levels of mercury from industrial and natural sources are embedded in its sediments. the are Sewage from municipalities Niagara River, which feeds the along lake, algae growth spurred by phosphates. If successful, it will prevent eutrophication, the condition of rapid algae growth which has left the bottom of Lake Erie without oxygen and driven fish away. Phenols which accumulate from waste discharged from oil refining, plastic industries and the coking of coal have already been substantially reduced providing "observable improvements," according to Mr.

Bruce. In addition to these programs, the $15-miJlion scientific program known as the International Field Year for the Great Lakes is under way. The field year, involving 600 scientists, engineers, surveyors and technicians, will discover scientific information on every aspect of the lake. "Never before has there been a program of such vast extent," said A. R.

Kirby, head of public relations for the centre. Surveys and results from the independently-run field year will be made available to the International Joint Commission and may assist in further cleanups. Problems will be pinpointed and the IJC will be in a better position to determine solutions needed. The extensive check-up of the lake's health wilJ include testing of the nutrients, toxic substances and chemicals it contains. The amounts of each in sediments and the movements of the sediments will also be noted.

The field year involves five major research vessels, 10 U.S. and 19 Canadian deep-water buoys and towers, 11 U.S. and three Canadian aircraft, three meteorological radar stations and research facilities on both shores. Scientists and officials of the inland waters centre and governments of both countries are keenly interested in the project and are receiving reports of its progress. By the time increased funds are made available to improve Lake Ontario's health, ways in which they are to be spent will be clearer.

Problems of restocking the lake with fish will be eased with a fish census undertaken as part of the field year. The biological and chemical makeup of the lake will be charted and this will assist in efforts to increase fish. Current studies will give scientists the knowledge to suggest suitable shoreline management, sewer outlet locations and silt movement problems. Mr. Kirby said recently of Lake Erie: "We have been able to take one of the filthiest lakes in the world, research its problems, find the facts and put it right.

We have a common goal and agreement to do even better." Lake Ontario will be the second to benefit and it will be "a most encouraging and optimistic sign for the doomwatch people." UTS RETURNS FROM TRIALS The first of steams to her port in Sorel after completing sea year ahead of any in the world, the Iroquois Canada's DDH 280 class destroyers Iroquois trials in the St. Lawrence river. Believed a will be commissioned July 29. 'Chess match of the century' commences "causing serious contamination," according to James Bruce, director of the Canada Centre for Inland Waters at Burlington, Ont. Five years ago, oil was still being dumped into the Niagara River at the rate of 29 million pounds a year.

Niagara Falls, N.Y., still dumps raw sewage into the river. Phenols organic contaminants which cause taste problems when combined with chlorine in amounts of one microgram per litre have been recorded at up to 15 micrograms per litre. Traces of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, and vanadium have also been discovered. There are indications of lead contamination in the lake. Although lead levels in the lake waters were well within the 50 parts per billion set down in federal law, precipitation falling into the lake sometimes exceeded the limit.

In the Toronto area, a three-month precipitation study showed an average of at least 70 parts per billion. But there is time to save the lake. Under the Canada-United States water quality agreement signed in April, Lake Ontario's phosphate input will be cut to 10,000 tons a year. Already, all Ontario communities bordering the lake have installed sewage treatment facilities and by 1973 their phosphate inputs will be cut by 80 per cent. Rochester, N.Y., will have removed 90 per cent of its phosphates from sewage by 1976.

Similar reductions are planned at other U.S. centres. Reduction in Lake Erie, which supplies 33 per cent of Lake Oniario nutrients, will also help. The programs should, by 1976, reduce the more money, Spassky was walking the streets of Reykjavik patting children on the head, conversing with local chess players and piling up points in the prematch popularity contest. The prize money was raised from the original $125,000 to $250,000 through a wealthy British banker named Jim Slater, who came up with more cash to save the match.

Fischer has a higher points rating on the international scale than Spassky. The 35-year-old Leningrad resident is defending the world title he won from fellow countryman Tigram Pe-trosian in Moscow in 1969. Spassky told newsmen in Moscow before leaving for Iceland he would prefer to stay home "drinking wine and playing chess with my friends" than play for the world title. other minor details, including the thickness of the window drapes." The first of 24 games in the $250,000 world chess championship match was scheduled to begin at 5 p.m. (1 p.m.

EDT) after two weeks of uncertainty and controversy. An unofficial poll among chess experts assembled in Reykjavik showed the 29-year-old Fischer the favorite. But most of Iceland's 210,000 chess-mad citizens' were behind Spassky. Only a few weeks ago, the fans of Iceland were with the unpredictable American, but he lost his popularity quickly when he demanded more money and failed to show up in time for the scheduled July 2 start of the match. While Fischer was in New York demanding By Star Wire Services REYKJAVIK, Iceland American challenger Bobby Fischer was the favorite of the experts in the "chess match of the century" today, but Iceland's thousands of chess fans gave their almost undiluted backing to the Soviet Union's Boris Spassky.

Fischer stayed in seclusion but Fred Gramer, vice president, of the U.S. Chess Federation and one of Fischer's asistants, said "Bobby is go, go, go." Fischer expressed dissatification Monday with arrangements in the hall where the match was to be played. Cramer said, "Fischer does not like the lighting, the board and the pieces, the location of the television cameras and some Police see parole reform as a raise for criminals attend political rallies and seek out publicly the opinions of office-seekers on all the issues that affect law enforcement," and work to get suitable candidates elected, regardless of party affiliation. Mr. Brown said the future of capital punishment should be decided by a national referendum, not by and guards ends this December, when Parliament is expected to decide whether the abolition will continue indefinitely.

During the trial period no one has been executed although the death sentence has been given to people convicted of killing police "If we maintain our present reckless and rudderless course of stupidity and senselessness then shortly our courts will be issuing rain checks to prisoners in case they don't approve of the surroundings or conditions," Mr. Brown said. He urged all policemen to take a more active part in politics. "Make a concerted effort to benefits are on the side of the criminal." The leaders of provincial associations, sitting on a panel with Mr. Marcil, agreed that the grounds for granting parole should be tightened.

So did association president Sydney Brown of Toronto, in an opening address which also was critical of changing conditions within prisons. by the federal government went too far. "Crime pays," Mr. Marcil said during the 24th annual conference of the Canadian Police Association. "It's better than a university education.

If you go into crime today your chances of success are very good. And if you end up in jail all the ST. JOHN'S, Nfld. (CP) Parole reform has made crime a better paying proposition than a university education, says Guy Marcil, president of Montreal's Policemen's Brotherhood. And the heads of all provincial police associations agreed with him Monday that reform of the prison reform system He called for a two-part vote on the issue, the first to determine whether capital punishment should be retained; and the second to decide if the death penalty should be kept for murder of police officers and prison guards.

A five-year trial period which abolished capital punishment except when the murder involved policemen.