Polynesian from Honolulu, Hawaii • Page 1

44- 4 ATIONS. OF LAWS Published for th hers frequenting ttry to make the kilot. the windward. to oe signed by frera any conU. hite Ha'-, other.

ua oDej the di- he Governor or ng. ge to be landed. re subject to a nv of the Dorta 4 eltera to the col. sthe deliver lector, will onlj Hawaiian Ala. hierchant vessel.

er ol the letr.t iown to the col. pon which said him with a lint tinder oath the cargo, with a manliest shall ges, with their es and also the lees. When an ny or all of the noors after' fine not exceed- documents pr be either in the and at the ex an officer to bo her discharge, to nd see that no iandise be landed orts of these rel- per cent, ad a- liquors. of entry at these noluiu. a addition there.

ki and Kealeke- nier.hant ves- zu cents per jtage in and out, laina, anchorage certificate, SI bd clearance SI. le portofHono- neither Iaaing or living any passe n- ton harbor dues, hev discharge or rs they shall pay ynesian neaspa-s are, from and charges for pilot es, at all the a- this group, rs will be, clear-) $1, each; and I buoys, $2. At lights 51; canal, fcua, health cer- oods to the tal-hcy eaceed th r.ve per ceni. on as the charges for chorage feet, re to Juno 19, If 47; ed SI 200, (which ilu and Lahaina,) 5 ercbantmen. and al liabilities.

do not include riiuous liquorsv is prohibited ex. ill subject them including the pay well at tne an adstead of Hono- iilu. Ehall fail to pro- hall be liable to a an fifty dollars, iych slip-master is I tor Customs, a Lnsul, that all le- hice, agaiasi saw he knows ot no immediately landed at any ol cct to the folJow- hikey, kc, ol rtfcr cent alcohol. cent, alcohol $19 lordials, and sinclarwioe I 1 $1 Pr ent alcohol, mai ay be transhipped lib the duties hava I and confiscation. tin fehore.

sT vessel, it snail bs of said vessel person to any surrender on prw- Lran nn boSfd of Honolulu, to throw under a penalty iina, after the beat- the rincinc oi Luanda fine of $2. I) the harbor master Ir sailors wiiui" discharged at any nlinir thOSC of pting irre seamen at ary Ut the written co- only ports at whk shippea I consent ner from these 500. tance, ncer first to furntt anifest cargo-" tJtett icotnmanuiug -el, to carry out or i Iiy doroicueo lithout previous ex-Frora His Msje-J -J ts are not i a. -m a us in) o'cioca i i use, and other p-- Sundays ano dock, A. ERS of lBlanO by forwarding heir tonnage, of whale and sper Is ce which may i other coudhiv- arrival, r- of nsssengrti om, with any IP- epfion of.

at" lence from b'0 if? it to our faTors, wo -tt a XJ Vol. 7.i THE POLYNESIAN, The Official Journal of the Hawaiian Gorernment, is published weekly at Honolulu, Oahu, H. I. EDWIN O. HALL, EDITOR.

TERMS. One copy pet annum, in advance, .18 00 One copy six months, in advance, 3 50 Single copies, Rates of Advertising. (16 lines), first insertion. Si, 00, each cod- one half square (8 lines or less), first eacn continuance izi varas, notices St-c. not eiceedin5one half square, by the year, not eiceedin? one square, $3,00.

Yearly advertising not exceeding one half column, not exceeding one column, 863,00. Yearly advertising limited to the ad-Terliser's own business. Lttl Advertisements. Twenty-five cents per line, for the first insertion, and six and oue-tourtn cents lor eacn subsequent insertion. Transient advertisers are required to pay in advance.

List of Agents for the Polynesian. lmii4, H. S. Swintoa. CD.

Jrrp4: Co. B. PUman. 8. Fatscisco.

Rev. T. U. Hani. BUSINESS CARDS.

POLYNESIAN PRINTING OFFICE. plain antf Santn fiaok aiib Job printing Sl'CH AS Pamphlets, Catalogues, Circulars, Handbills, Shop Rills, Bill of F.xchange, Rill of Lading, Consular Blanks, Illank Deeds, Bill Heads, VISITING, BUSINESS AND ADDRESS CARDS Executed with neatness and despatch, on lileral terms. S. H. WILLIAMS go, Jmpjrtcrs St (Commbsion lllcrcljants, S.

II. Wll.I.t M. Boston, Mim. U. S.

A. J.K.B.MRSiaLL, B. VJiV V. HRCR, I Fcisco, A. C.

liilsof the United Slates Eu-roiw warned. 16if EVERETT CO, General Commtssion fHrrcljantfl, A P. EVERETT. llooLiLi'. Lnt.

M. I. TIIEO S.llLLlBEt, Sas Faclsc C4LiroMA. jAMfcS J. JAKVES, lioTon, MtS, S.

Money adrauted on tavoralde terms for Bills ol fclxcftane or. the Unilrd Stales, Eugiaud and France. rVIAIIEE, ANTHON Commissiou Merchants JShip Chandlers, HJXLULU, OAUO. H. I.

James Makee, i J. A. Asthos, i mi a- fa Iawaiian Islands. jy s.aps supplied nn ttefresliuient. Provisions, at notice.

reas.nai.ie erui. it. vVanp I wnalers 1-illson the I S. Eirue, 1mt nich mouy will tie advanced ou lav oralile terms. bTAUKCY, JAMON A illcrclji.iij vCdin.nission Agents, HO LI 4HU, I b.V CALIl'lR I- 3.

P. ZOX.Z.23S btAiri IN Ship Chandlery Merchandise. LAUAINA, MAUI. r. boules.

s. Horrmiu recruiis at lowest Alarm. Pri. advi I on rea-onaMe terms for Bills i'f Ex-chiuge on the Cuiel Stales a'ld Enroe. 14 tf I C.

VINCENT, HOUSE CARPKNTER AND JOINER, HO iLULC, OAHU, H. I. Ilavins re-opened his shop, is now prepared to execute building jilnr at snori nonce, wu rraiitil term. BJSH Shin Chandler A- t'omniiiou Merchants, LA.iAINA, S. I -ui.

saiieJ with recruit, iu exchange for goods or caa. Money advanced, at trie lowest rates, for Bill Eicnaiie on the United State or Europe 2i ly. cTp. SA1YCSIUG CO, ALU Its IS CHINA iOODS, UttSOLVLU, OAHU, On han I a i for Siuar, Molaes, Tea and CoBee. I3RAEL H.

WEIGHT, HOUSE, SIGN, SHIP, COACU AND O.iumcutal Painter, GILDER GLAZIER. HOXOI.UT.U. OAIM 11. I. Imitittens nf H'oai and Marble, executed with neatness and dispatch.

STOTJE AND PI AIJ ZIIIEATJ. Ilotie Joiners, tlie residence of George Pelly, Eq.) HOSOLULU. OAHU, H.I. oone at the t-horiest notice and on the Mom reavoodble terui. Feb2S-4l CLARK A On the prewhes a ff joining Er.

Wood's HONOLULU. OAHU. Carieni t-ut atiti nude loonier in the Istesstvles. jnlSl.tv "nICH ILSON is HENDEhSON. Ju ju iiluraa i vm.i r.r.

1 1 I. A It Uioidf -re an I Li kmi l)riHini. anlty iof sale io-innt. made hr mit e. mjal-t I'lhl F.

RODRIGUEZ VI DA SHIP 4M PitoVISItXS, it I. SbipN vti iptiei wiih ri-nin at ihe loTt niarke'. pn l' ivh ItiflK nn I he Umtwt Slwleor ATJSTiri BACLE, DEALERS IS iiVEllXL MEltC.I AN'DISE tlOXJLULU, OAHU, ti. 1- J. T.

GO WE rr im TIP' r- Tyrm-Pf And Dealer in General Merchandise, MAKAWAO, MAUI, 11. I. DE WITT HARRISON, illcrcQants Commis3iott Igtnts, SAN FRAXCUCO. CALIFORNIA. 50-lT SWAU OLirrORD, Bakers St Dealer in General Merchandise.

HONOLCLU, OAHU, S. I. Jan. 12. 35-y HORACE HA WES, SAN FRANCISCO.

CALirotA. 9y TJLRICn AITINO, Dealer in General Merchandise. (at the Store formerljr oecapicd by 1. MoaTOoacsV.) nOKOLCLD, OAHU, I. lj'I WOOD PAR HE, CABINET MAKERS AND UPHOLSTERERS HONOLULU, OAHU, H.

1. 19 tf EMPIRE CITY EIE. NEW YORK THROUGH TICKETS. THE ONLY DIRECT LINE OF STEAMSHIPS FOR PANAMA. Through tickets from San Francisco to New York, by way of Chagres and Panama.

The splendid and popular steamships SARAH SANDS, 1,500 tons burthen, W. C. Thompson, Commander, and NEW ORLEANS, 1,100 tons burthen, J. W. Wood, Commander; will leave San Francisco for Pan ama, direct, connecting at Chagres, with the staunch and well known steamships CRESCENT CITY, 1,500 tons burthen, Chas.

Stoddard Commander, and EMPIRE CITY, 2,000 tons burthen, J. G. Wilson, Commander. Rates of fare San Francisco to Panama direct. First Cabin, $800.

Second Cabin, 150 The Second Cabin has a separate table, and the berths are fully furnished with hair mattresses and bedding, and on board tho Sarah Sands are state rooms, a great advantage in point of comfort, orer the unfurnished bunks of an open steerage. Chagres to New York. After Saloons, $125 Forward Saloons, 100 Lower Cabin, 90 All the above have the same table and privileges of the Saloons. Steerage, found with mattresses and board, 65 An experienced Surgeon is attached to each steamer. The subscribers are now issuing through tickets to New York by the above nimed steamers.

EVERETT CO. Honolulu, Mav 15, JOHN BECK, Commission Merchant, And General Commercial At shipping Agent, May 27, 1850.5in2 Hokqlclw, Sandwich IsVt. CRAEB SPAX.DIJSTG. Ship Chandlers -ml Commission Merchants HONOLULU. OAHU.

Constantly on hand a supply jf ship store and recruits suited to the wants vessel! visiting this port, an; for sale at the lowest market prices, for cash or bills of exchange on the United States and Europe. jan-l-34-y1 M. R. HARVEY, HOUSE, SHIP, COACH AND (Dnumcntal jJaintcr, Having re-ope ed the shop on the p-einises of W. Vincent, is now prepared to execute all orders with neatness and despatch, on the most reasonable terms.

Honolulu, March 28. 1850. 46if charx.es brewer, Commission Merchant, Referto BOSTON, U- S. Makee, A.Viuo.v Co. K.

V. Wood pni-34-y JOHIJ GAVIN. HO.NOLULC, OAIIU. Jan. 12.

35-y SEA HARTOW. Auction and Commission Merchants. H. Auctioneer. 1)49 MOKOLDLC, OAHU, H.

I. THOMPSON HOWE, Auction A (F. W. THOMPSON, AUCTIONEER.) HONOLULU, OAHU. REN JA WIN PITMAN, HEALER IN SHIP CHANDLERY, General Merchandise and Hawaiian Produce, Byron's By, Hilo Hawaii, has constantly on hand nd for sale, a general assortment of Merchandise required by whaleships touching at these elands lor recruits.

jtJ3 Money advanced on liberal terms for Bills of Exchange on the United Mates, Lngland and France. my isiy D. N. FLITS EIS. (CCCESSOR TO MR.

E. n. BJARDMAS,) jsroJBi Cniiniif's to repair, CHRO NOMETERS, at the old stand KSpsiPgaei? accurate tales Jeu-rtnined by fre quent ob-ervations with a Transit Iiistruinent, made br Knskell, Liverpool. icy Parti- nlar attention giien to fine WATCH REPAIRING. dec.

8. 3-y, S. II. WILLIAMS PORT ERS of American and European 1 Goods, will keep constantly on hand a general --ortnieiit of Merchandise adip'ed to the markets Oreiron, California and the Hawaiian Inland. A general a-wrHiieiit of Sliip Ch.intllery and Provisions required hv touching at this port for recruits, on which will be supplied on liberal term for cash, or Bills ol Etcbanjie.

myl9lv CAUTION. THE UNDERSKJNED hereby caution- all ero.is a-riinel trespaaMnj? in any manner upon his estate at Pulo salt works, on pain of be-iiij proceeded against according to Law-. C. W. VINCENT.

Nor. 10, 1849 26-tf NOTICE. All Vessel making; fast to the Wh-irve east and west of the Custom Hons, will be li.ihle to a charge of one rent per ton diem laving alongfide the wharves, two cents K-r ton per di-m. JOSEPH MAUGHAN. March 20, 1850.

45-3m Whartmaer. STORAGE. TN THE LARI.E COMMODIOUS CEL i LAR 'ifl fer the of Theo SUiilaber, Esq. jy i xmC EVERETT CO. HOLLOW WARE.

CASKS ENAMELLED WARE, con- M-tiiiy of Mnltra. Slime Pins. Tea Kettles, Pr-seruiii Pans, Griddles, Glue Pots, Frving Pans, received per Tar, and for siie by 22r EVERETT CO. COFFEE. fC CC LBS.

Superior Sandwich 1849. from tho plantation of G. Ruoues Hmalei, Kau- for ale by rvmpTT CO. 7 ALU ABLE HOUSE AIMU hu ryi SaLE The KlT Mntrmm, onrra in- t--. hit.ifi.

nart ol Honn- luln. frotitrax on two streets, and ha litem a wei oi I lie EfPllllsrs 's eicellenl water cook house, barn, ic-Also, a quaouiy of Fruit Trees. TrTRRIT.T.- mir23U4jinnij VTOTICE is hereby given that from and af- XI tef this date no oonw, vmc, will ba allowed to run at largo on the plaint of Ku- la Kahua aiaiai. Anmnn run be impound-d. tJVCTOeroI tne aiipwci wi fTI 1 Hor.olym, 4, ioau--j- VOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN to appli-IV Govern- cants lor tne purcnasc ment lands, that Legislature heme -J-JJJJ anuiications inu sion, attention to men -r be deferred for the present, until the more pressing nA.fnmni is disDOsea 01.

By order or the Minister of tha Jnay7-a2tf KEONI ANA. HONOLULU, SATURDAY, JUNE 1, 1850, THE POLYNESIAN. HONOLULU, SATURDAY, JUNE 1. Water. Works.

As the Hawaiian Government is now engaged in the laudable undertaking of introducing pure water from the King's Spring" into Honululu, we doubt not but our readers will be interested in the following account of some of the principal Water Works in the United States. In this, and the succeeding number, we reprint from the American Almanac for 1850, an account of the mode adopted for watering- the three principal cities in America and shall continue the account in regard to European cities, provided we can procure the data. In regard to our own first efforts, we cannot but regret that provision was not mnde for sup plying the lown of Honolulu, well as the sniping visiting our port and we hope the Goverti- ment will lose no time in i.tiiM.rtina the necessa ry pipes for accomplishing this desirable result. The city of Philadelphia was the first, in this countiy, which made extensive arrange-) The Croton river rises in Putnam county, inents for supplying itself with water. The in three springs, whose rivulets unite near first works were commenced in 1709.

Asteam Owentown; its water is increased by the sur-engine was placed on Chesnut street, near the plus of several lakes, which collect the water SchuIkill River, by means ol which watr of the country by different small streams. was forced along Chestnut and Broad streets The principal branches being united with the to Penn Square, where a second engine ele-j river, it recjeive additional water from sev-vated it thirty-six feet, into a wtodeii reser-1 eral small brooks, which fall into it from both voir, whence it was conveyed by wooden! sides, till, after a number of turnings and pipes, to the various parts of the city. But windings in its course, it empties into the the quantity of water was found altogether Hudson, below Teller's Point, forty miles natk-qiiate to the supply ol the city, and these works were accordingly abandoned in 1815, after $057,398 had been expended on .1 them. In 1812, the construction of steam works at Fairmount was commenced, by which the water was to be raised to a reservoir al that pomt. But as the use ot steam ptoved very expensive, the City council, in 1818, resolved to use the water-power of'lhat river for that put pose, and accordingly these second steam works were slopped in 1822.

The present works were commenced in 1813. A clam was built across the river, which at this place is about 903 fct wide. Lake, which at a depth of six fret, contains The bottom, for neat ly one quarter of this gallons of water at disposal, widtlk, at the eastern end, is rock, covered above the level that allows the aqueduct to with about eleven feet of mud lhe rest is; discharge 35,000,000 gallons a day. The rock, covered only with water. The great-j flow of the iver is about 27,000.000 gallons est depth of water, at high tide, is thirty feet; a day in the driest season; to make up which it gradually shoals towards lhe western shore, I amount to the 35,000,000, it would be ne-where at low tide, the rock is left bare.

I cessary to take 8,000,000 a day from the The daan creates a large water-power, the' overplus mentioned above, of 500,000,000, lowest quantity of water afforded by the river in the dry reason being gallons: daily; and as less than thirty gallons ot; the wheel are required to raise one gallon into the reservoir, 15,000,000 gallons cati be raised daily. The wheels now in use, eight in number, are filteen feet long and sixteen feet in diam-ter, and work under one foot head and seven and a half feet fall. They are made of wood and heavily irmed. The shafts are of iron, and weigh about five tons each. Although sunk below the usual linef high water, il is only during about sixty-four hours a month, tin an average, that they are stopped from this cause.

The pumps, eight in number, are worked by a crank on the water-wheel, attached to a pitman connected with thp piston at the end of the slides. They are fed under a natural head of water, from the forebays of lhe water-wheel, (vhich, with the pump-chambers, are wanned by stoves in cold weather,) and are for six foot stroke. They are double, forcing-uumps, and are each of them connected to an iron main of sixteen im-hes diameter and about three hundred feet in length, which is carried along the bottom of th race to the rock at th foot of Fairmount, and thence up lhe bank into the reservior. The reservoirs are built of stone, and paved with bricks, laid upon a very tena-riotiaclav puddle, in strong lime cement, and e. vered with grouting to prevent leakage.

These are surrounded by rm artificial embankment of earth, thirty-eight feet high, and are neatly fared with gras sods to prevent washing. The reservoir are twelve and a half feel deep, and will hold when filled, more than gallon of water They are one hundred and two feet above low tide, nnd feet above the highest ground in the citv. The distribution in the city, was at first made by means of wooden pipes; but these were found so inconvenient that iron pipes were substituted. The first iron pipes were imported from England, and were laid in 1819, at which time the whole quantity of wooden pipes laid in the city as about Ihirty-Iwo miles. The whole extent of iron pipes now laid in the ciiy is seventy-five and a half miles, and in the city and lower districts ninety-seven miles.

Two men are found sufficient to attend the works, twelve hours at a lime, alternately, night and day. There are in lhe ciiy six hu.idred and twenty-one fireplugs, and in lhe lower districts two hundred in all eight hundred and fi ty-one. There are also in the city three hundred and nineteen public hvdrant-pumps. The average consumption of water each day, throughout the year 1848, was 4.275,552 gallons. This was distributed 16,147 tenants, who nay for the water in the city, and about 3,500 families who are suppled Irom tne pumic ny Th whnU number of (irant DUIUD3.

in the city and lower districts is 24.23J. The receipt from the water rents in IMS 41 16.S69 01. he amount oi revenue per duplicates far 1849, is 42. the Dresent work and the old steam woiks is greatly to the nf the former. It was not possible.

1 UB th steam engines, to raise 1,250,030 dav. At present, with only threej wheels, three times that quantity can be raisedwithout any increase of expense; but if the same quantity were reqmrea iu raised by additional steam engines, the annual expense would be at least $75 000 In other words, the expend of raising gallons a day, bv steam, would be $206; by water it In this estimate, the first cost of the steam engines or of the water works, is not considered. The cost of the works for raising the water as given in the Report of the Water Com mittee for 1823, was as follows: Purchase of White and Gillingham erection of the dam, locks, etc, including damages for flowage, mill houses, mills, etc iron raising mains, $4,481 Total The pumps cost 3,500 each. The city of New York has more recently provided for the want of water felt by its citizens. Although it was not until the year 1814 that the Croton aqueduct was Rah the subject of supplying the city with had been agitated long before that time.

-the year 1774, Christopher CoIIes proposed to pump water from wells into a reservoir, high enough for distribution over the cily. This plan being rejected, other preposition? were made during the nest seventy years. lhe project which was littally adopted for permani-nt and full supply of the city, was 10 Vrolon River 1 a. 1 I A me city, irom a neigtu sumciem to renaer i pumping, unnecessary. above New York.

The dam is erected at a point five miles quantity of waie I 1 above the mouth, where the Water furnished is about 000 per day. The charge of the work was at first en- trusted to Maj. Douglass, who made the plans and all the preparations therefor, when a dit- ficulty arising between him and the chairman of the Water Commissioners, John B. Jervis, Esq. was appointed chief engineer in his place.

The Croton dam is two hundred and seventy feet long, and is built of hydraulic stone masonry. The water of the river is raised forty feet by the dam, and forms the Croton which of course, it would be possible to do for sixty-two days Il was at lirdt proposed to bring the water from the river in nn open canal; but, for obvious reasons, this plan was nt adopted. It was finally determined to construct an unin terrupted conduit of brick and stone uiason- ly, from the Croton dam lo the receiving reservoir, within the limits of the citv, a dis tance of thirty-eight and a quarter miles. I his conduit is seven feet five inches in width and iht leet five and a halt inches in its Lgreatest height, and protected throughout by a covering of earth four feet in depth. I he foundations of the structure varv accord-ing lo the character of the ground iver which it passes, but its form is uniform throughout.

Whatever be the foundation whether the natural bed of earth, rock, or an artificial s-tructure of masonry upon this is laid a bed of concrete, formed if hydraulic t-ement and broken stone, andupoii this bed the conduit is constructed, consisting of side walls of stone, lour feet in height, surmounted by a scmiriictilar arch of brick. This arch is lite width of two bricks, or eight inches, in thickness, and the bottom and side whIIs are lined ith avingle course of brick. The bottom is in the ioim of a reversed erch. whose versed sine i-t nine inches, and the side walls have a batter of four and a hall" inches each. The area of the interior of the aqueduct is 53 31 square feet.

The general inclination of the conduit is 13 3 inches per mile, and the entire fall from the Croton dam to the Harlem river, is thiity-four feet, to there-reiving reseivoir foi tv-thiee feet, and to the distributing reservoir fotty-seven feet. The entire length of the aqueduct from Croton lake to the distributing reservoir is forty and a halt miles. The line of the aqueduct commences at the Croton dam by a tunnel through lhe solid rock one hundred and eighty feet long. This leads to the gate way when the water passes through a screen of slats of oak, one inch apart, and covered with a fine net work of brass wire. Il then passes the guard gates, and afterward the regulating gates.

There are seven guard gates, made with their frames of cast iron, plated side by side, and raised or depressed by a screw upon a rod attached to the gate. There are ten regulating gates, made of gun metal, and raised in the same way as the guard gates. From the gate way, the aqueduct proceeds in the direction of New York, through numerous tunnels, varying in length from one hundred and eighty-six to twelve hundred and fifteen feet, and over bridges of different heights and lengths. The most remarkable of lhe bridges is that over the Harlem river, thirty-three miles from the dam. Various methods were proposed for crossing the river.

The ulan adopted however, was a hign stone bridge with fifteen arches. Eight of them, is water, are eighty feet in width by one hundred in netgnt, bpotc mgu wicr, as required by the law of New York. On each shore there are seven arclfes of fifty feet span each. The two abutments and four of the piers, are founded on gneiss rock, three on marble, and seven on piles. The water crosses this bridge in an inverted sy-nknn of twelve feet depression, through two iron pipes of thirty-six inches diameter, al though there is room tor pipes "i iunj-eigm diameter, when they shalr be requir ed.

nines are covered with five feet of earth to prevent the efferis of great heat and cold on the water, in it exposed situati.ff. The receiving reservior is situated between Sixth and Seventh Avenues, and Eighty-sixth and Seventy-ninth streets. Its area is little over thirty-seven acres, including the em bankments around it, or thirty-one acres of water. It is divided into two divisions, which however, are connected by a pipe with a stop cock; either of them can be used as a separate reservidr by itself, while the other is emptied for examination or repair. The depth of the water in the northern one twenty feet; in the southern one twenty-five feet.

The surface of the water is four feet below the top of the surrounding embankment. It is prevented from rising higher than this by waste weirs. The quantity of water which both divisions together can hold is 150,000,000 gallons. The outside of the embankment enclosing the reservoir, is pro-'ected by walls of stone: the inside is pud-uled with clay, and is protected from the effects of the wash of the water by a dry stone pavement, filteen inches thick. The bottom of the reservoir is the natural earth or rock.

The distributing reservoir is ctected on Murray Hill, at the corner of Fjfth Avenue and Forty-second street. The highest part of it is forty-nine feet above the level of the street. It is divided, like the receiving reservoir, into two cornpartmeuts. It is'four hundred and twenty feet square, including ihe walls; lhe basin holding the water is three hundred and eighty-six feet square. The depth of the basin is forty-two feet, and when filled will-, thirty-eight fet? of water, it contains 21 ,000,000 gallons.

It is surrounded by a double wail, the outside wall being four feet in thickness, and the inside six feet; these are connected by cross walls, and arched at the These are of stone. The division val5 is of concrete, faced with rough stone. Drains are arranged by which any water leaking through the walls may be carried off, and also waste weirs, by which either division may be entirely emptied. Three pipes leave the reservoir, leading respectively to the eastern, western and central parts of the city. A stone stair-way is provided by which persons may ascend to the top nf the walls, where is a platform surrounded by iron-railings.

As this is at an elevation of one hundred and nineteen feet above the level of the sea, a magnificent view of the cily and harbor of New York may be obtained from it. The cost of building the aqueduct was of the distribution pipes 000 in all, $10,375,000. The receipts of the Croton Aqueduct Board from Oct. 5, 1842, the date of its organization, to Jan. 31, II9, were $1,018.100 50.

The expenditures during Ihe same time were $557,07540. The quantity of pipe now laid in the city, south of the distributing reservoir, is one hundred and eighty miles and twenty-eight hundred feet. New Enterprise. Several of our warm hearted and esteemed friends of temperanre, says the New York Sun, among whom are Anson (J.Phelps, Esq. George Hall, Thomas Denny, and twenty others have stalled a Mutual Life Insurance Company upon thorough temperance principles.

It has long been felt that the temperance community, in mutual companies, were not nn a par with drinking men, ho jvere constantly dying out through the insiduous influences of alcoholic I i- -1 a poisons, leaving ineir lamnics to oraw per haps largely, Irom the common lutid. A well established and well conducted company, that should give no policy excepting to a thorough teetotaler, would, we are sure, be very attractive all temperance men and women. We understand the company is re quired to have a well invested capital of one hundred thousand dollars to meet losses, is to be conducted on the most economical ptin-riples, and will insure at reduced rates. It is to be conducted on the cash principle, and make regular dividends of all profits. It will therefore, be an excellent savings bank to all temperance men with small Here they will be able lo lay up with safety of their earnings, that which, should th-y be cut off suddenly, may be of lasting benefit to their families.

At the same time the institu tion cannot fail to be beneficial to the rause of temperance. It places intoxicating liquor where it should long ago have been placed in aII commercial transactions otitside, as at variance with all of man's best interests. The Ocean. The great Pacific Ocean has a larger area than all the dry land on the globe. It covers 50,000.000 of square miles, and 70,000,000 including the Indian Ocean.

From Peru to Africa it is 10,000 miles wide. It is generally unfathomable between the tropics, where its depth is so great that a line five miles long has in many places not reached the bottom. 1 he Atlantic Ocean, apparently stretching from Pole to Pole, is 5000 miles wide, and covers 25,000 square miles. The German Ocean, now rapidly filling up by the from the land, has in a great part of its bed a depth of only 93 feet and even neat the precipitious coast of Norway the depth is only 5400 feet. At a depth of a mile and a quarter the pressure of the sea is equal to 2309 lb, on every inch'of suiface.

In the Artie Ocean shells are seen to the depth of 1160 feet, and among the West India Islands at 180 feet, so that the light which fell upon these shells would have been visible to an eye at least 900 feet deep in the one case, and 300 feet in the plher. The color of all water hen pure is a fine bright blue, becoming green hen mixed with certain vegetable matter, and brownish yellow-when derived from mosses. The sallnessof the sea is greatest at the parallel of 22 0 N. jat. and 17 Ut-, diminishing towards the Equator and the Pole, where it is least, owing to the melting of the ice.

At the Straits of Gibraltar the water is four timesa salt at a depth of 617 a it is at the nurface. The central area of the Pacific and. the Atlantic is occupied with the great oceanic tide-wave, which is raised by the joint action of the sun and moon. From this continually oscillating wave, pattial waves diverge in all directions, finding their way into seas and estuaries, with various tel. cities, copending nn the form of the coast and the depth of the channel, and the nature of its bed.

In ome parts of the coast of Britiat the tide rise 50 or 60ieet. In the Bristol Channel and the Gulf of St. Malo they rise 47 feet, according to Capt. Beechey, and at with various vtlicitie. de the bay of Fundy CO feet, while at St.

Helena they never exceed three feet, and ar scarcely visible among the tropical islands in the Pacific. The tide at the Equator follows the moon at the rate of 1000 miles an hour. In the Turury channel at Cayenne, the sea rises forty feet is five minutes, and as suddenly ebbs. The heighest waves which occur at the Cape of Good Hope do not exceeJ forty feet from their lowest to the highest point. Under the heaviest gales the sea is probably tranquil at the depth of 200 or 300 feet.

The tranquility of the ocean is disturbed by currents varying in their extent and velocity, owing to causes both permanent and variable. The great currents which flow from the two poles to the equator, are reflected by the diurnal motion of the earth, acquiring a rotary motion as they advance', till they combine into one great current flowing from cast to west, with a velocity of nine miles per hour in some places. Russian Railroad. Major T. S.

Brown, the Chief Engineer of the New York and Erie Railroad, has been appointed by the Emperor of Russia, through the Russian Minister at'Washington, to succeed the late Major Whistler, as chief engineer of the rail-roaa from St. Petersburg to Moscow, and has accepted conditionally. The St. Petersburg railroad is 420 miles long, the estimated cost, including equipments, $40,000,000, and the construction and appointments made, with the expectation of its being travelled in twelve hours The width of embankment is 400 feet, raised six feet above the country level, upon which a double five feet tract is to belaid. The contractors for the equipment of the mad, Messrs.

Harrison, Winans Eastwick, of Baltimore, have already furnished 162 loco motive engines, averaging 24 tons weight, 72 passenger cars, 2560 freight cars, 2 imperial saloon carriages, each capable of carrying the Imperial Court. These have all been built in Russia, in shop prepared by the contractors, and supplied bv Russian labor. They engage to instruct a suitable number of Russian mechanics to take charge of the engines when the road is ready for use. The contract of these gentlemen ha9 already amounted to between four and five millions of dollars. Ingenious Invention for early risers.

A mechanic residing at 101 Newcastle Hulme, has constructed a little machine for the purpose of awaking himself early in the morning. To a Dutch clock in the kitchen, he has attached a lever, from which a wi communicates through the ceiling to lhe bed room above, in whirh he has fixed his novel invention. Having set the lever to any hour at which he may wish to be awakened, when the time arrives, it is released by the clock. and the machinery upstairs rings a bell, then strike a n.ntch, which lights an oil lamp This lamp runs upon four wheels, and is at the same instant propelled through a tin tube on a miniature railway about five feet long, which is raised upon small iron supports a few inches above the bed mom floor. Near the end of the line is fixed an elevated iron stand, upon which a small tea-kettle is plard holding about a pint, and immediately under it, by the aid of a spring, the lamp i stopped, and its flame boils the water in the ket tle in twenty minutes this enable him to take a cup of tea or coffee prior to his going to work.

The bell attached is so powerful that it awakes his neighbor, and the ma chinery altogether is of very neat appearance, the mechanism being of polished iron. The inventor has made it during his leisure hours, and has been about eighteen months iu bringing il to a state of perfection. He has also combined economy with utility, as the working of it does not cost more than a half penny ptr week THE LOST ARTS. The following interesting facts relative to-the arts of the ancients, are from a lecture delivered by the Hon. Wendell Philips of Boston, as reported the Woonscckct Patriot Glass.

This was for a long lime believed to be a modern invention. Within fifty ears. four quarto volumes were written in Italy, to prove, in opposition to the assertion of Pliny, that the article as unknown to the.ancietits; and on the very day in which these volumes were published, a warehouse was opened in Pompeii, filled with cut, wrought, pressed, and stained glass, far more beautiful and perfect than any now manufactured. There is glass found too, among lhe ruins of Central America. In the museum at Florence, is a piece of glass an inch square by a quarter of an inch thick, on which were represented birds, which could be seen equally on both sides, and their plumage so perfect that not even the slightest want of finish could be discovered with a microscope and though apparently mosaic, it is impossible to tell where or how it is put together.

There is a small vase, too, surrounded by figures of wo men with children playing upon their laps also perfect on both sides and the art of making them so is not only unknown to us, but we cannot even imagine how it could be done. Their dresses, and the curls of their hair, are perfect. Pliny tells us of a dnok-in glass which could be folded up so as to oeennv a small space and which was destroy- ed bv 'its inv utor because his monarch would. not oSer him hat he considered a suacient sum tor iu invention. 1 he moderns witn aii their arts, cannot equal the beautiful atained glass of the middle age, inferior as this wai to that of Egypt and this remark leadt to the second division.

Coloks. In these, the aacienta certainly far excelled the moderns. Sir Humphrey Davy made many efforts to analyze the celebrated Tyrian purple of the East but these efforts were without success. He declared he could not discover of what it was composed, The Naples yellow, too, though lesa known, was much used, and the art of making if, is now entirely gone. The Tyrian purple is the color of many of the houses of Pompeii, and they took as fresh as if just ji 'A i i i .3 "4 'i 'i i' fvERITT ft CP- i i.