The Wisconsin Jewish Chronicle from Milwaukee, Wisconsin • Page 4

THff WISCONSIN JEWISH CHRONICLE March 15, 1929 iscotisin Tewisb fBronfcfe the JoristiN3me Prof. Albert Einstein on His Fiftieth Birthday A Glimpse of the Great 3cientist Through His Wife's Eyes An Interview with Madam Elsa Einstein A Weekly papSrfor Offices and Printing Plant, 383 Telephone Broadway 8900 Cable Address NATHAN J. GOULD IRVING G. RHODES SAMUEL C. GOTKIN.

linquents should be carefully- classified as to their ability to mept their pbjigatipns. If by a change of fortune wjthin the past few years a finds it an extreme hardship to his family to pay his debt, he should granted an opportunity to pay according to his ability, or not at all in extreme cases. But if a man is known to be financially able to meet his obligations, he should be notified that the local drive committee will tolerate no further delay. There has been enough moral pressure brought to bear on these final delinquents bv countless personal and written appeals. There is only one other form of appeal and that is through the courts.

We don't have to be squeamish about it either. If a Jew by this time isn't sufficiently conscious of the sacred obligation of a pledge to his suffering people then we ought to speak the language and utilize the methods that he best understands and respects. This is a sad business; nobody actually likes it, giver or taker, but it is a business we are all in whether we like it or not. We have to make the best of it. By MICHAEL WURMBRANDT Milwaukee Street, Pioneer Bldg.

Milwaukee, Wisconsin Chron, Milwaukee Publisher Advertising Manager 15, 1929 No. 2 To insure publication in the current issue, all correspondence and news matter must reach this office by Wednesday evening' of each week. Subscription in Advance $3.00 Per Year The Wisconsin Jewish Chronicle invites correspondence on subjects of interest to the Jewish people, but disclaims responsibility for an endorsement of the views expressed by' the writers. Communications will not be given consideration unless signed by name and address of writer. If requested by known writer name wU be omitted in published letters.

All anonymous correspondence will be destroyed. Albert Einstein celebrated his 50th birthday this week. Because of his great contributions to science, brought recently to complete fruition by the publication of his New Field Theory, the result of ten years of labor, his life is of interest not only to his people, but to mankind at large. Great has been the desire of many to obtain an intimate glimpse of his life, the history of his family, the story of his early years. In this article, the author, the Berlin correspondent of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency, presents an intimate view of the great German Jewish scientist, revealed by Madam Elsa Einstein, Dr.

Einstein's wife. Editor. Vol. 22 MARCH A Generous American Jewry According to an estimate made from reports published in the Jewish press throughout the country, the Jews of America spent exactly $235,735,855 in 1928 (one year only) for philanthropy, religion, education, and all other communal activities. This appears to be a surprisingly huge amount of money, but it probably falls short of the correct total by at least $50,000,000, because there are hundreds of money-giving projects in every community that receive little mention in the Jewish press.

This huge total does not include the money that American Jews send to relatives in Europe which is probably another $50,000,000 at least. Two hundred and thirty-five million dollars standing alone is a colossal sum, but it comes from oyer four million Jews and represents a per capita contribution of $60. It means that a family consisting of parents and two children gives $240 annually to the support of things Jewish. We believe this is more than any other group of people in the country give for communal purpose. It is said that the total net annual income of the nation is sixty billions.

This sum divided by the total population of the country would give $500 as the net income per capita of all the people. If each Jew gives $60 of his average $500 annual income then he is giving more than the biblical tithe or one-tenth. Of course, not every Jew in the land gives $60. The huge total mentioned above includes about $6,000,000 from Julius Ro-senwald alone to Bussian colonization and the many American Jewish projects. It includes $1,000,000 from Felix Warburg for Russian Colonization; it includes over one hundred individual gifts of $100,000 and over made by Jews during the year.

The total stated even includes probably one million of the four million Jews who by poverty or disinterest give nothing. But the general average is high, very high, and leads to the unquestioned conclusion that Jews DO GIVE. It is interesting to note that of the 235 million total, only 22 million went for settlement in Palestine and colonization in Russia. The most money went to hospitals, asylums, homes antf clinics to the amount of 62 million. For purely religious purposes American Jewry spent 52 million, and for Jewish education, 37 million.

The latter fact is agreeably surprising to us. It means that we contribute more than one and half times for Jewish education than we do for relief and reconstruction in Bussia and Palestine. We hardly believe this figure to be correct. We don't believe that much is spent on Jewish education, for we are told by other statisticians that only 75,000 Jewish children are receiving any kind of a Jewish training in this country. Somebody has made a poor guess in this department.

Another surprising fact is the amount of 16 millions spent on new Jewish community centers, which compares in overshadowing fashion to only 19 millions spent on new temples Palestine As the Seventh Dominion The importance of Palestine to some patriotic Englishmen is reflected in the movement recently launched to Jink up Palestine eventually as an integral part of the British Empire. It is proposed that Palestine shall become the Seventh Dominion at the expiration of the twenty-five year period of the Mandate, thus giving the country the same status with respect to the Empire as now held by Canada, Australia, India, New Zealand, South Africa, and Ireland. A movement to this end was organized at a conference in London composed mainly of non-Jews who have hitherto been actively sympathetic to. the Zionist movement, among the leaders being Col. Josiah Wedgwood, Labor member of Parliament, and Commander Kenworthy.

The Seventh Dominion League proposes to establish branches throughout the British Empire for the purpose of propagating its aims among the British people and the Jews of all countries. It will strive to promote the progress of Palestine as the national borne of the Jewish people primarily for its benefit to Great Britain. It is pointed out that the geographical position of Palestine lying between the Persian Gulf and the Levant, makes the narrow country a corridor joining Europe and Asia, and that the security of the Suez Canal is dependent chiefly upon the power controlling this gangway, a fact demonstrated during the experience of tke worjcj war. It is most vital to British interests, say the dominion proponents, that this narrow strip be commanded by Great Britain, and that it lies therefore in the general interest of civilization that the Jews realize their ideal of a national home in Palestine, which meets, in particular, the interests of the British. The Dominion idea is supported by the Zionist Revisionists, the radical nationalist wing, led by the fiery Jabotinsky, who at one time would be satisfied with nothing short of an autonomous Jewish state tied to no country on earth.

It is this extreme nationalist idea that has barred the support of many Jews throughout the world to the Zionist movement. The ideal of the Jewish State as visioned by Theodor Herzl may be said to have been compromised to the Dominion plan on practical considerations, first, to meet the plain facts of the political economic and racial situation in Palestine, second, to harmonize with the more conservative Jewish opinion in America and England. The Dominion plan relieves the Zionist movement of its visionary character and presents a definite program which can appeal to persons who do not care to conjecture on vague probabilities. It lends some semblance of assurance to those who do not believe in building solidly on an undefined foundation. A Palestine Dominion should satisfy the nationalist Zionists in that it would permit at least of local autonomy, and it should satisfy the "colonization" elements in that there would be no legally created Jewish state; Of course it would permanently fuse the interests of Palestine with that of Great Britain, but we know of no Jewish objection anywhere to that.

We know of no other nation that we would care to have linked up with Palestine, certainly not Fascist Italy the only other nation that has any special interest there. However agreeable the Dominion idea may be on its face, so far as general Jewish support is concerned, it probably is premature" We do not know what the new organization of the Jewish Agency might have to say about it. The fact that it is so enthusiastically supported by Jabotinsky and his radical revisionists causes us to withhold our commitment. Mr. Jabotinsky and his small and noisy minority are outspokenly bitter enemies of Dr.

Weizmann, the Zionist administration, and particularly of the Jewish Agency. The fact that so important a policy as the dominion plan was launched before the meeting of the new Jewish Agency which will represent the real Jewish world sentiment, invites a suspicion of a doubt as to the motives of the Jewish leaders behind the plow. We do not for a moment doubt the sincerity of the estimable patriotic Englishmen who view Jewish settlement in Palestine purelv for its value to Britain. They make no secret of the nature of their interest in a Jewish Palestine. But we are a bit warv of the unrestrained enthusiasm of Mr.

Jabotinsky, and we'll wait until we hear from Dr. Weizmann and the other responsible Zionist and Agency leaders. and synagogues, but this may-be explained in the novelty of. the community center idea. All in all tnen, tne statistics snow American Jewry to be quite well off financially and very teacher Frey.

Very early did the love for music begin to stir in him, which gave rich content to his later life. He thought up songs for himself in honor of God and sang them for himself in reverent taciturnity. Reading the Bible was for him a profoundly ethical experience. At this time there also occurred his first painful inner afflictions. Jewish children in the school were in small minority; little Albert here experienced the first sprayings of the foam of the anti-Semitic waves.

It was the first time he found himself distressed by something that jarred so discordantly with the simple notes of his soul. He saw himself exposed to injustice, and in the position of compulsory defense his originally soft nature gained a certain self -existence. As a pupil he was orderly, he satisfied the demands, but he no wise displayed any special talented endowments. The methods of the elementary school was subject to a schedule made up by drill masters. The teachers, had acpording to Einstein's own word, the character of under officers.

When he was ten years old he entered the gymnasium, where the teachers, he said, have the character of lieutenants. The figures of some teachers stand out from the picture. They were the ones who afforded him the means to realize the beauty of classical antiquity and the classical German poetry. In the gymnasium he made his first acquaintance with the elements of mathematics, which came to him with the force of a revelation. Right from the outset Albert proved himself to be a good solver of problems.

His uncle, Engineer Jakob Einstein, introduced him to the secrets of algebra. His uncle Jakob made known to him on another occasion the sum and substance of the Pythagoric theorem, without giving any demonstration. In three week's most intense reflection Albert worked out the demonstration for himself. And even though it had been known to man, known for ages, for him it meant the joy of the first discoverer. When he was 15 years old he was declared by his mathematics teacher to be ripe for the University.

In the year 1894 his parents removed their abode to Italy, since the electro-technical enterprise had fallen down considerably. Their comfortable existence came to an end along with it. However, for the 15-year old Albert the heavy chains of the school had been broken. Attendance at school for the time being was out of the question. He enjoyed the freedom, occupied himself with literature, undertook further jaunts.

Still, the Italian experience remained a short episode. Einstein pilgrimaged to Switzerland with a view to studying mathematics and physics in the Zurich Polytechnic School. However, he was not accepted in this institute and he went to Aarau, where as a pupil of the Kantor school he enriched his knowledge. The problem that kept him busy at that time concerned pot-ically moving bodies, or more precisely: the emission of light from bodies which move relatively to the ether. The very beginnings of the relativity years occur at this time.

His material future caused the youth worries. He wanted to prepare himself for the office of school teacher. In the school of teachers of the Zurich Technical Insitute he studied from the 17th to the 21st year of his life. From various quarters the prospect had been held forth to him of a post as assistant to a professor of physics. However, he was here, as elsewhere, rejected.

His being a Jew stood as an obstacle in his way. As a non-Swiss, his stay in Milan had made him "a man without a country," he was unable to get a post as teacher. He was unable to expect any help from his parents, since they themselves were living in pinched circumstances. In Schaffhausen and Bern he eked out a sorrowful existence as a private teacher. In 1903, a 24-year old.

he married a South-Slavic student girl of the Catholic faith. After a number of years this marriage was dissolved. In the year 1901, following a five-year residences in Switzerland, he obtained the right of citizenship of the city of Zurich, and with this the prospect finally arose of his extricating himself from material indigence. He was placed with the Swiss Patent Office, where he acted from 1902 to 1909 as technical expert, that is to say, as preliminary examiner in patent applications. This position afforded him the opportunity to gain manifold experiences in the field of technics.

In the midst of his practice in 1905, in storm and stress, it came upon him, simply lightning-like. In close sequence his mind released itself from an abundance of thought accumulated through many years of previous work. In him ripened what presented itself to the physical world as the completion of the inheritance from Galileo and Newton. In this one year were issued the revolutionary, epoch-making works: "Regarding a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light;" "Concerning the Inertia of Energy;" "The Law of the Brownian Movement;" "Bodies Moved by Electro-Dynamics" (this treatise already bore the revolutionary and first really scientific theory of special relativity). Then in the same year came his doc tor's dissertation: "New Determination of Molecule Dimensions." He had in view the obtaining of a University docentship.

Difficulties beset his formal admission in Bern. And (Continued on Page 5) HE name Berlin is associated with the idea of very straight running streets, which have already become a symbol for Prussian strictness. However, in the otherwise very rigid network of lines of the district of Schoneberg this sobriety is somewhat interrupted: Haberland street suddenly begins to turn in and winds up in a many-cornered little square almost a fairy tale in the monotonous Berlin. The house at No. 5 Haberland street is no palace; it is a small Berlin lodging house, the like of which there are a good ten thousand in the other districts.

A house for middling oii. cials and small tradesmen. However, up on the top floor the name "Einstein" on a brass plate shines in full view; a name which at the present time is reverberating around the world among scientists and laymen, after it has already been a proud symbol for two decades, of a new era in scientific perception. In the quiet small boudoir one sits in front of a lady who has the stamp of spiritual nobility. She would consider it tactless were she to be called the congenial wife of Albert Einstein.

The infinite spheres of the Einsteinian inquiry her mind does not compre- if" i tv mmmmmmmh A DR. ALBERT EINSTEIN hend. Nevertheless, she is the fortune compliment of the great investigator and discoverer, who in his hours of leisure is throughout a veritable child of the world. He who stays near the workshop of the conqueror of Newton expresses the name of Elsa Einstein only with profound respect. The dialogue is carried on in a smothered tone; since somewhere in the not very large dwelling the great worker is at work.

The voice of the lady is soft and rijigs with a pride that can be understood; Mrs. Elsa is not alone the wife of Albert, but also his own cousin; the daughter of that Engineer Einstein, who to a certain extent was teacher and model to the child Albert. No, it is not possible to receive here the gentlemen of the press who daily ask for an interview. Also what can be told them? The last year has been a year of the most intense work for Einstein, since even in the months of oppressive sickness Einstein suffered from a distension of the heart it was not interrupted. All public work, such as that in the university and in the League of Nations, had to be interrupted; the usual participation in demonstrations against injustice to individuals as well as to collective bodies and in behalf of human rights and rights of nations, likewise the work in behalf of Palestine, could be carried on Only sporadically.

On the treatise "The New Field Theory," which has just been published by the Academy of Sciences, Einstein can give no private-residence instruction; it is still the subject of the most earnest study of the very few learned, versed in the field of matter. Einstein was therefore not a little irritated at the noisy advertising with which the press took up the "New Field Theory" prior to and following its publication by the Academy. Scientific inquiry requires a sun other than the dazzling light of daily discussion. The talk turns to the Jewishness of Einstein. Einstein did not grow up in Jewish traditions, said his wife.

These traditions did not prevail in the house of his parents. Nevertheless, Albert was a religious child, permeated with the consciousness of God. It was only much later that he became permeated with the consciousness of God. It was only much later that he became per meated with the consciousness of his Jewishness. That was in April.

1914, as he tarried in Palestine on a return trip from Japan. However, let us stay in our chronological order. Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879, in the upper city of Ulm on the Danube. His father was a rather serene, optimistic, well-disposed man. When Albert was five years old, the first wonder was aroused in him concerning unknown associations when his father showed him a compass.

His power of perception, dormant in the subconscious, awoke. This instrument directed him to the electro-magnetic field, that was to disclose itself to him decades later in fruitful studies. Around this time the Einstein family settled in Munich, where the head cf the family started an electro-technical factory. The family lived in an idyllic little house in the midst of a large garden. In this environment a religious frame of mind was formed in the boy.

At the same time he took private Jewish instruction from the Rabbi Wallach, Leading Tal-mudic Authority, Dies Warsaw. (J.T.A.) Rabbi Sabatai Wallach, leading Talmudic authority died at the age of 85. Dr. Wallach was Rabbi of Rosany. German Jews Organize Committee for World Peace Berlin.

(J.T.A.) Professor Albert Einstein, Oscar Wassermann and Dr. Leo Baeck and a number of other prominent German Jews have accepted membership in a committee to organize a Jewish association for world peace. Plans to organize this association were formulated at a meeting held under the chairmanship of Oscar Wassermann One hundred and fifty leading German Jews attended the meeting. Prof. Albert Einstein addressed the meeting, declaring that the Jewish religion is the oldest institution advocating the spirit of peace and brotherly love.

Among those present at the meeting were Consul General Kahn, Dr. Alfred Kleo, Gerson Simon, Heinrich Stern, president of the Association of Liberal Jews in Germany, Rabbi Hil-desheimer, and Herr Wolff, president of the Federation of Prussian Kehil-lahs. Calendar Ten Year Program for Palestine Excavations Prepared Jerusalem. (J.T.A.) Professor James H. Breasted who is accompany ing John D.

Rockefeller on his visit here, announced that a ten year program for archeological excavations in Palestine has already been prepared. Professor Breasted received representatives of the press here telling them that America is much interested in excavations in the East from the Black Sea to Soudan. The Chicago Oriental Institute of which Professor Breasted is a member, is particular ly interested in Palestine excavations, he said. Leon Blum, French Socialist, Named to Jewish Agency Paris. (J.T.A.) Leon Blum, lead er of the French Socialist Party, has been nominated as one of France's two representatives on the extended Jewish Agency which is to go into ef fect under the agreement concluded between Louis Marshall and Dr.

Chaim Weizmann. Mr." Blum was nominated by the French Zionist Council and has indicated his willingness to serve. It is expected that M. Blum will shortly be elected to the French Par liament, one of the Socialist deputies having resigned his favor. The Jewish American Jewry Responds Hundreds of letters have been received by David A.

Brown, national chairman of the United Jewish Campaign, from every section of the country, in response to his question addressed to one hundred thousand representative Jews on the continuance of the relief work of the Joint Distribution Committee in Europe and Palestine. Practically all the responses give assurance of support to any further appeal that the national leaders may decide to place before American Jewry. Every community in the land and every element of Jewry is represented in the answer, and suflicient expressions of opinion are now on file to establish conclusively that American Jewry is determined to keep the work of the J.D.C. functioning until European Jewry evidences its ability to stand on its own feet economically. American Jewry could make no other reply.

We are not naive enough to believe that American Jewry enthusiastically welcomes any new drive for the J.D.C. despite the effusive expressions in some of the replies, but we do believe that American Jewry will not shirk its duty when called upon to continue to help their own people abroad. We can frankly say we are fed up on these drives, but when they come along we have to meet them in the same manner as we do all necessary expenses. If there be anybody who enjoys the comforting thought that we are all through with drives, let him wake up to the knowledge that so long as there will be Jews anywhere in the world who are starving and sick and destitute there will be drives to help them, and that will be a very long time. That there will be another United Jewish Campaign is a certainty.

It is over three years since the $15,000,000 campaign was launched. Soon thereafter the quota was raised to but to date the first $15,000,000 has not yet been raised. Less than $14,000,000 has been collected in cash, so that whatever new drive is contemplated would merely be a continuation of the effort to attain the $25,000,000 quota. Before each community accepts any new quota for foreign relief, it ought to make a determined and final effort to liquidate by collection all unpaid pledges of the first drive. All de 1928 Rosh Hashonah Saturday, September 15 Yom Kippur Monday, September 24 First Day Succoth Saturday, September 20 Shemini Atzereth Saturday, October 6 Simchath Torah Sunday, October 7 Rosh Chodesh Cheshvan Monday, October 15 Rosh Chodesh Kislev Wednesday, November 14 First Day Chanukah Saturday, December 8 Rosh Chodesh Tebeth Friday, December 14 Fast of Tebeth Sunday, December 23 1929 Rosh Chodesh Shebat Saturday, January 12 Rosh Chodesh Adar Sunday, February 11 Purim Tuesday, March 26 Rosh Chodesh Nissan Thursday, April 11 First Day Pesach Thursday, April 25 Seventh Day Pesach Wednesday, May 1 Rosh Chodesh Iyar Saturday, May 10 Lag b'Omer Tuesday, May 28 Rosh Chodesh Sivan Sunday, June 9 First Day Shabuoth Friday, June 14 Rosh Chodesh Tammuz Tuesday, July 9 Fast of Tammuz Thursday, July 25 Rosh Chodesh Ab Wednesday, August 7 Fast of Ab Thursday, August 15 Rosh Chodesh Ellul Friday, September Also observed the day previous to Rosh Chodesh All Jewish holidays begin at sunset the preceding secular day..