The Ottawa Journal from Ottawa, Ontario, Canada • Page 16

MOOTS By "Gladys Parker Novel of the Week Selected Ind Reviewed for The Journal by Claire.Kceter Literature And Life A Booklover's Corner WELL HOW ABOUT A HALLWAY THEN I USUALLY WALK Ity MY SLEEP ANYWAY Extracts from Works of Dr. Johnson and James Inseparables, Make a Fascinating Boswell, Those Literary Compendium By V. ML K. TM POBTABLt JOBMSOM AND BOJWIIX. Wr Lnll traMSbMpr.

lb. MmUIm Trato. ftftt. S3.M. JOMEBODY If sure to call this a "streamlined" edition of the remarkable and enduring works it presents in abbreviated, form.

Certainly it should be a very popular anthology. To readers to whom' Johnson and Boswell are familiar figures it is a useful pocket volume containing some but by no means all of their best work. For new readers there is presented a fair sample of the riches waiting them, because enough is given to show the genuine quality of the great Dr. Samuel John- "QIVE US OUR by ArthemUe Goertj, is the author's first novel, although she has one other book to her credit, "South of the published in' 1940. The structure of this novel Is borrowed from Vlcki Baum's "Grand albeit this is a very second-rate hotel and, the inmates' ambitions more lowly than those of the beautiful ballet dancer and brilliant financier and jail the1 other dazzlifig people who i went through the famous revolv-i ing door.

all 'have our exclaims Mrs. Marson, the central figure in the story. "They don't cost' a dime and they don't take up much room." And in a foreword, the author states that the purpose of the book is to tell1 people the heart Is not merely a muscle and that life and living are two different things. -THEN Mrs. Marson hands over $40 each month for the rent of her apartment she never begrudges a penny 6f.it.

Without moving from her window and merely with the aid of Mr. Cer-nak's tpera glasses she witnesses all the drama of life without entering a theatre. The window of her wretched little -apartment overlooks a gas station and a tavern not 30 minutes from Times Square and Marson's insomnia, 'which other people might consider an affliction, she turns into an accomplishment. She has no patience for people who take pills or read detective stories to put themselves to sleep. It is throwing a magic a gift into the dust heap.

A widow in her early fifties with only small pension, establishes herself in this him to fastidious but he had terrific per-, sonality and be had character. Dr. Johnson gave his name to si style of, prose composition and speech, and "Johnsonian" English is and too ornate' for, modern tastes Macaulay sometimes meets the same criticism. (Once Johnson Corrected' Boswell, who remarked on the "immensity" of a Scottish mountain. "It is not said the Doctor Judiciously, he agreed, "it is a considerable And yet he could and did write with extraordinary grace this from his preface to Shakespeare is a fair sample: "The Poet, of whose works I have undertaken the may now begin to assume the dignity of an ancient, and claim the privilege of established fame and 'prescriptive veneration.

He has long outlived his century, the term commonly fixed a the test of literary merit Whatever advantages he might once derive from personal allusions, local customs, or temporary opln-: ions, have for many years been lost; and every i topick of merriment, or motive of sorrow, which the modes of artificial life afforded him, now only obscure the scenes which they one illuminated. The effects of favor and competition are at an end; the tradition of his friendships and his enmities has perished; his works support no opinion with arguments, nor supply any faction with invectives; they can neither indulge vanity nor gratify malignity; but are read without any other reason than the desire for pleasure, and are therefore praised only as pleasure is obtained; yet, thus unassisted interest or passion, they have passed through variations of taste and changes of manners, and, as they devolved from one generation to another, have received new honors at every transmission." That is Johisonlan prose, and nobody writes that way in these times of simpler literary taste, but Boswell records his hero in many a lighter moment, in spontaneous observations which reveal not only the profound philosopher but the erring and witty human. Once a bookseller's agent handed him a. subscription for his edition of Shakespeare and asked him if he would record the name. 'I shall print no list of subscribers', said John son and of James Boswell, his biographer.

Of the book, 335 pages are given to extracts from Boswell's Life of Johnson, which most critics call the greatest biography in the English language. This is something like one-quarter of the original the Everyman's edition, in two volumes, is some 1,250 pages. Also of Boswell's work is his dialogue with Rousseau, and 38 pages from his Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Dr. Johnson, these extracts being from the edition of 1936 the first of this work printed from the original script, only then discovered. The remainder of the book, or all but few pages, are Johnson's own.

We are given two sketches from his Lives. of the Poets, published between 1779 and 1781 his lives of Richard Savage and Alexander Pope, together taking up just over 200 pages. The "'Poets" in our edition runs to Wonder Drugs From Molds Date From Pasteur's Hint about 950 pages, in two volumes, and its editor calls 1 the work "the finest product of literary criticism the eighteenth century the very embodiment of the spirit and culture of its Mr. Kronen- berjer has chosen two of the) longest and best sketches, but they make up orjly about one-fifth of this work of Johnson which still is read more i than anything else from his pen. I By SANE STAFrOBD, Selene Strvtc Mimical Writer.

New chemicals can save milt lions of human lives. There are new drugs, extracted from molds! yeasts, soil and' even from tomatoes, and human tears. Your doctor is already using two of thesa "sntihtntlmi" as hv are These are penicillin and streptdmycin. And morel antibiotics are on the way to tab bedside sick patients. rm -i A.

1 J. I Also have part of Johnson preface to his celebrated dictionary, all of his preface to his edition of Shakespeare, some of his and his letters to his Mrs. Thrale, on her marriage to the musician Piozxi, a' marrlageJohnson highly disapproved. And the book is completed with some of Mrs. Piozzi's anecdotes of Johnson; and some notes about him from Fanny Bumey's It is.

very good measure, and this volume of the admirable "Portable Library" brings fresh credit to hose who through it have given the world in convenient form so much great literature. abruptness; but almost immedi- An Attic Salt son, 'with great printing anyusi ateiy recollecting ly. 'Sir, I have mmseu addea, very complacent- two very cogent reasons for not. oi suDscrioers one, inan nave mvt mrcm lost all the names, the other, that R. KRONENBERGERS Introduction of 36 pages is a shrewd and just evaluation of these 1 I a iic new urugs sgni epiaemm suexanaer lemmg, wno nas since and disease alongside the older become Sir Alexander, looking at medical weapons: vaccines, se- some plates of agar In his labora-rums, and the sulfa drugs.

When tory. He was using the plates to the sulfa drMgs proved to be cures grow staphylococci, the familiar for unconquered diseases, like germs that cause bolls, food pol-pneumonla and they soning, and other sickness includ-were called "wonder ing blood poisoning. In one of The antibiotics deserve even the plates he saw a green mold more the same enthusiastic label, growing. Nothing strange about The cures made, by the new that. Mold spores are likely to be antibiotic drugs date from only a in the air of laboratories, lust as was a Scottish laird of dissolute habits but with a queer streak of him, and a veneration for Dr.

Johnson almost to worship. No two alike, but out of their affection came fame for both. recalling here -the romantic story -to the It had long Boswell's private papers had short time ago, but their origins they often are In the air of kitch-been quarterncentury ago a large col- are earlier. ens and to the house-lection turned up in Malahlde Castle In the Louis Pasteur, the great French wife's distress, Boswell's great-great-grandson, Lord scientist, (who is Called the father But en pf0iw Fleming saw them to Ralph H. Ingram, an of modern germ-fighting, 70 years wag g0mething a little papers, more than a million ago (made a discovery that the gtrange.

Staphylococci colonies published in a limited edition in 10 world heard yttle about. He wrote grownlg jn the neighborhood of 1928 on, but there Is no sign yet of that it held great hope from the tne were dissolving. An- two famous men. "Unwearied and Inseparable, Johnson and Boswell move from one generation to another the greatest social talker whose talk has been recorded, and the greatest biographer the world has ever Jcnown. Each, in the final sense, owes bis celeb'rijty to the other.

But for Johnson, Boswell would surely be forgotten. But for Boswell, Johnson would simply be a man of letters important to other men of letters and not at all a igure of universal fame. The Editor of this volume makes a sound' point when he argues that Boswell was great literary in his own "right. He takes no stock in the theory that Boswell is only accidentally great, finding fame simply as the reporter1 of Johnson. There was much more to him than that.

Most of Johnson's intimate friends had more opportunities than Boswell to hear Johnson talk (because Boswell's home was In Scotland and only occasionally did he visit London) but none of them, made a book from what he heard. "As for merely writing down what h(s hero remarks Mr. Kroner, berger, "rather with the most staggering skill' he wrote it up." Dr. Johnson was, of course, a perfect subject for biography. He was a man of immense mental vigor, with strong opinions on everything under the sun; a man of strong passions and inflexible convictions, of sometimes, appalling frankness.

His manner was rough, his habits of eating and drinking and dressing were. not such as to commend regular iraae. an old croquet-box at Malahlde another collection of Boswelllana, manuscript of his Hebrides book. thst the Hebrides volume first ally she will inherit. Since this tale, thrilia poor Joey and also infuriates Mr.

Cernak, who is a socialist, Mrs. Marson embroiders and elaborates upon the theme until her' wealth and social prestige become an institution. TN the meantime it transpires that the young girl who had tiptoed upstairs in the middle of the night did not Mr. Ingall's apartment but the on next door, where she Is hiding; to escape the torment of life After' the death in action of her young soldier husband. She now becomes the star" patient, supplant ing even Joey.

1 When suddenly Mrs. Marson dies from the heart ailment which" brought about her sleeplessness all the stories which she had thought up herself and "didn't cost a dime" became th means of inspiring dreams in others. And some of these cam true. Only Mr. is disillu sioned.

He naa ceen aupea. Hut raw resentment boils to fury. There had been no plantation after all. No Southern aristocracy for him to rail against She had tricked him. She was as bad as the society Of cheats and hypocrites to which she didn't even belong.

i But at least she had retrieved the opera glasses from the pawn shop, just half an hour before sh' died. mis is not ty any meaas a remarkable novel but there is fascination and power in the simple exposition that each individual possesses within himself the magic of a dream. GIVE US OUR DREAMS ArthemUe Gocrtz. McGeaw-HilI Company of Canada. 298 pases.

S3.2S. Shake pound will serve; If you find there is not enough, you may put in more next time. There must be a pretty deal of oranges and lemons cut small, for I never put any currants into these puddings; and so put in all the Ingredients according to your taste and the marrow in little lumps." TN "Theatre Royal Drury a history of that famous house of entertainment by W. J. Mac-queen-Pope published by W.

H. Allen, I find it put on record that "Love for Love" on its original production at Lincoln's inn ran for thirteen consecutive performances, almost a record in that time. But it Is of another success and another period that I would like to quote: "On January 12. 1818, Drury 'A New Way to Pay Old Debts'. Kean played 'Sir Giles Over, reach'.

Many had tried IjSrfore, but Kean proved that there was only one Sir Giles who mattered. It required a terrific- actor to play this terrific part, and Kean was snow now lerrm.c ne touuj be. He reached heights never scaled before and certainly never scaled since. He had his audience entranced spellbound. Lord Byron admits that he was frightened out of his life.

Mrs. Glover, the leading lady, fainted on the stage. At the end of the play the stunned roared for Kean, giving him an ovation such as Drury Lan had never seen. Kean rushed back to Tils wife. done It again, Mary', he exclaimed.

'And what did Lord Essex think of 'Damn Lord Essex', shouted Kean. THE PIT ROSE AT Good Etiquette By EMILY POST. When you speak of a simple wedding, do you mean an In formal one? Answer The marriage service is a church ceremony and, therefore, cannot be informal ever. By a simple wedding I mean llmnl preparations in the way of decc-. rations, clothes and collation.

It also usually means that the guenfa are limited relatives and Intimate friends. Books Wanted Large or small libraries purchased for cash. OLD BOOK NOOK 8154 Bank St. Phone 4-45M Open from 11 a.m. 'til 9.30 p.m.

The Complete Subscription Service Newf and Renewal Subscriptions to any magazine at Publishers' prices. Gift Subscriptions for any with an appropriate "Gift' Card" to arrive on the eventful day. Address changes merely by notifying os of your new address. (TIT cheap apartment but all the money in the world could not bring her a richer life. In the same building is a lovely young girl, Joey, a cripple, and for her Mrs.

Marson invents fabulous stories. She also lends her the opera glasses to amuse herself by day. But ait night Mrs. Marson. knowing sleep will not come until three or four in the morning, proceeds to enjoy herself.

For things happen at night that could never happen In the daytime. Life becomes a night-blooming cereus. The tavern across the way is ablaze with light music and food; drinking and loving and laughing a marvellous drama put on for Mrs. Marson's benefit. The opera glasses belonging to Mr.

Cernak are no longer needed by him. His sister, who had been a celebrated singer, is now retired a dipsomaniac and it is all Mr. Cernak can do to keep her disorderly conduct from landing her in jail. The opera is the last place he can take her. Across the hall from Mrs.

Marson is Mr. Ingalls, a charming man who is manager of the local A. and P. Stores. One night, in her conning tower, Mrs.

Marson watches a young girl, come into the apartment, listens to her come up the stairs, quietly open a door and disappear. thinks Mrs. Marson; "Mr. Ingalls is neither so lonely nor so nice as I thought" But all this provides entertainment for Joey the next afternoon. Everything is grist for her mill.

Also to distract Joey, Mrs. Marsan invents a story that she herself is the daughter of a rich Southern aristocrat. Her money, she explains, comes from an immense plantation, which eventu archway until they obtain the answer required. "The are to have their allowance of Beer, a pint, rved to them after Dinner in the kitchen. "All wages to be paid 1st May and November.

No perquisites. "The Board Wages at Ston Easton are usually 8- a week, with Vegetables from the Garden, Small Beer, Coal and Candle, but since each has become so very much dearer- it has been raised to 7- which Is to go back to the former sum on the reduction of the price of Bread, Meat, It would be interesting to know whether the prices ever were reduced. Another book which sheds light on the domestic habits of our ancestors is "Postman's Horn" an anthology pi the letters of latter seventeenth century England, collected i by Arthur Bryant and published by, Longmans, Green and Company. From it I have taken the following recipe, which would surely stagger the modern housewife: "My last white pudding I put all these things In: grated bread and milk and cream and eggs, mace and cloves' and salt, citron and candy orange and lemon peel, rose water and sugar, and a little sack if you please, and a great deal of marrow, and always very well beaten, and musk and amber. And you may put a little saffron In through a tiffany Into your milk.

Mangle your grated bread and your cream, and eight or ten eggs with half the whites together as for a boiled pudding, but pretty stiff and put almond in. A matter of half a Arboretum; Willow Tree Has History Many visitors have remarked on the beauty of the willow tree growing near the Rldeau Canal across from the southeast lookout of the Arboretum. This magnificent willow Is the weeping willow (Snllx babylonica). When Linnaeus named this tree Salix babylonica he evidently had the opening verses of the 137th psalm in his mind, which reads, "By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down, yea. we wept, when we remembered Zion.

We hanged our harps upon the willows In the midst Contrary' to the belief of Linnaeus' time, however, the willow Is not a native of Palestine, but of China, and the trees alluded to In the psalm are undoubtedly those of the Euphrates Poplar, which growi abundantly beside the rivers in that There are many" legends relating to the introduction of the weeping willow into England and hence Into this country. One of these attributes the introduction of the willow to Alexander Pope" who one day received a basket of- figs from Turkey which was sent to him by Lady Montagu. Thinking that the basket might have been made from those willows under which captive Jews wept by the waters of Babylon, the poet untwisted the basket and planted a twig which still bore some living buds. The- twig became a drooping gracefully over the river, and the fable relates that from this tree all weeping willows' in England descended. No doubt many of the trees in England and probably this one In the Arboretum owes its 'introduction -to visitors to- Napoleon's Tomb on St.

Helena. Apparently Napoleon was very fond of the 'weeping willow on the island and at his request he was' buried under It when he' died. Cuttings were sent to England from the tomb In 1823 and many thousands of scattered through the country originated this way. 130 years earlier had been so ffurgated that much of the Vi 7 7', Johnson Itself, butone oan't have In 762 pages. This present book Is from cover to but If It long It would be twice as good.

Stamps for By JAMES later named gramicidin. Its' dis-i covery was the result of a deliberate effort to turn the natural antagonism between microbes to mankind's advantage in his war on germs. Fleming's Research. Penicillin's discovery was, by contrast, accidental. And it was made 10 years before the Dubos-Hotchkiss discovery made news- paper headlines.

It all happened verv ouietlv. There was- Prof. other scientist might, in Prof. Fleming's place, have shrugged his shoulders, dropped the mold- contaminated plate on to a pile of dirty "dishes' for the laboratory helper to boil and clean and ster- written It off the record of 4he staphylococci study. in human tears that dissolves bac- teria.

This substance named lysor zyme, ted finally to the use of penicillin for treating disease. Prof. Fleming kept the plate with the green mold on it. He grew the mold by Itself and studied It. He Identified as Pcnlcltllum noUrtum, a fairly rare mold, not at all the kind you are likely to find, on bread or cheese or fruit.

Hard to Grow. He found that this particular penlcllllum moft was hard to grow In the laboratory. It was choosey about its fobd. But Prof. "no nny traded the material on which it grew; the chemical that dissolved bacteria.

This he called penicillin. He tested It on- many different bacteria; Very minute amounts of It, he found, would check the growth hot only of staphylococci but of streptococci, which cause much human sickness and and of 'many other bacteria. He also tried shootjng some of the, stuff Into rabbits and mice, to see if it would kill them as well as the bacteria. It did not. It did not even hurt white blood cells, those natural and important germ-fight ers in blood.

When he finished his studies he reported them in a scientific journal', pointing out that penicillin might be used as an antiseptic for putting on Infected wounds. Prof. Harold Ralstrick and associates, P. W. and R.

Lovell, of the London School of Tropical Medicine, read this report. They worked at ways of producing penicillin In larger They studied its chem ical make-up. Prof. Raistrlck tried t0 get hlg doctor friends to use it on patients but did not succeed In this. The sulfa drugs we're' disonv-ered and saved lives and penicillin was almost forgotten.

Lysoiyme to Penicillin. Meanwhile a group, of scien- n.t. rwfnrrl the lenrirr. of Prof A. H.

Florev. now Sir Howard were looking Into the possibilities of that other discovery of Prof. Fleming's, lysozyme. That chemical is found not only In tears but in almost all human tissues, The Oxford group! purified it and learned more of its chemical nature. i i Lysozyme lea them to penicillin.

While working on the anti-germ chemical In tears, Prof. Florey and Dr. E. decided to make a systematic study of the anti-germ chemicals produced by microbes. ClllLliliJl 1UUKCU Penicillin looked like a poor choice for study in one way.

It was hard to grow ihe mold. You nnl tlnv the chemical from the mold. And when you got it, It was hard to keep It, Conditions had to be By M. M. HAVE just had the good fortune to be lent a most pleasing book called "The English by Dorothy Margaret published by the Macmil-lan i Co.

It traces the English servant from medieval times to the Victorian' period, and on every page -there is some item worth repeating. One of the earlier chapters deals with Samuel Pepys and his various servant girls. Readers of the Immortal diary will recall Deb. Willet, "grave beyond her bigness and age and exceeding well bred as. to her In contrast to Pepys, I like the description of Sarah Slddons, when young, "spouting In the servants' "And If 'Shikspur' was too much for them, she could always oblige with selections from 'The Mourning Bride', Preserved', 'The Distressed Bride', or 'Love in a Village'." J-JERE also are found the following cynical precepts for servants from the pen of Dean Swift: "Oil the tongues, poker and fire-shovel up to the top, not only to keep them from rusting, but likewise to prevent meddling people wasting your master's coals by stirring the fire.

When you are In haste, sweep the dust into 'the corner of the room, but leave your brush upon it that It may not be seen, for that would disgrace you." THE lait extract from this book is from the regulations of a country house, Ston Easton, near Bath, at the beginning of the last century: Maidservant to go out without applying 'to the Housekeeper. "No strangers or other persons from the village to enter the kitchen, as they may wait In the just right, lor the broth In the tubes lost the power to stop germs. The fact that penicillin stopped staphylococci was perhaps the deciding factor in its choice. Sulfa drugs stopped streptococci and mnny other disease germs, but there was nothing known that would stop staphylococci infection, The Oxford group labored for months, testing penicillin on mice as Prof. Fleming had.

They labored more months getting enough of the yellow mold to treat a patient just one sick human patient. They called on Prof. Florey's wife, Dr. Mary E. Florey (Lady Florey) and Dr.

C. M. Fletcher of Frlern Emergency Hospital. First Patients. An Oxford was one of the first patients.

He had a severe staphylococcus Infection. He and another patient began to get better, then relapsed. The same thing happened with two more patients. The amount needed to cure a man, calculated from the amount 'that' 'cured" a mouse, was not enough. And there was not enough penicillin to try again.

The. results were encouraging enough, however, to make It "imperative" that larger supplies of penicillin be obtained. The war was on, and a medicine to fight staphylococci, chief deadly Infection' of war. wounds, was badly needed. But English drug manufacturers, struggling, through, the blitz to make badly needed medicines of established worth, could not take on the job of making this new remedy from mold.

U. S. Production. So Prof. Florey went to the United States.

Here, scientists, Government bureaus, drug manufacturers, distillers, took the mold, grew it in gallon jugs and carboys, in huge found more productive strains of the mold, found better food for it, and produced the mold chemical by the million units, by the billion units, until i there was enough penicillin to meet the ever-growing demand. Copyright. 1B47, Sclanoa Srvle. all the money. an eamon jor Still later In published nearly ihrj.p,yi -dit yVui than the Life of Approval MONTAGNES.

novra ceo ZzJJ another picture set showing var- inus modes of mall transport was issued marking the coronation of King George VI. A victory set appeared in 1945. With the exception of King Edward, all rulers shown on Indian stamps wore a crown. There have been many official stamps issued since 1869 when the word "Service" was first over--printed- on regular stamps for official use. This word and "On H.M.S." have been regularly used on these stamps since then, and also on stamps overprinted for use in a number of states of India.

Airmail stamps were Issued in 1929. States which have had Indian slamp.1 overprinted lor use with- in their territory include Cham tin FnnHlrsit inr IhlnJ ri-r." WIU. nave issuea incir own stamps, some of which no longer do so, in- elude Alwar, Bahawalpur. Bamra, i nu- i undi, Buesahir, Charkari, Cochin, Dhar, Duttla, Faridkot, Hyderabad, Idar, Indore, Jaipur, Jam-mu, Kashmir, Jasdan, Jhala-war, Jhind. Klsharujarh, Las Bela.

Morvl. Nandgaon, Nowanuggur, Orchla PoonchRajpeepla, Sir- urubii, Aravancvrc ana Wadhwan. Whether these states will continue issuing their own stamps is still not known, New issues British Honduras is expected to issue a commemorative issue next year for the 150th anniversary of the Battle of St. George's Bay. Burma is Understood to.

be issuing new stamps soon. San Marino has issyed a commemorative set SATURDAY, AUGUST 2J, 1947. JAMES BOSWELL personal industry about which amounted men could be less for one another It is worth 'of Boswell's "tour been thought that lost, but a of them possession of Talbot, who sold American. These words, were volumes, from uu Castle was found Including the Then it was found everything even full of rich fare were twice as Hungary's set Franklin Roosevelt, Issued recently. Includes values for "Freedom of Rellf Ion" (top Ittif, "Freedom of Speech" (top centre) and marking Teheran conference (top right).

Russia ha stamps marking various Issnes since 1921, comment-rating a quarter century of stamps Issued by the present government (lower left and right). Han Marino has Issued a set to reconstruction (lower centre). viewpoint oi treating disease. Discovery of Antibiotics. I It was the discovery of the wonder substahces known now as It was not on of his famous e(llC0 Ver vaccination against rabies.

Pasteur, himself, other bacteriologist, who also was not a physician, matte almost we same discovery In almost the same way. Even then the world had to wait until the worst of wars had started before ihese discoveries led to penicillin treatment of disease. Pasteur's 1877 discovery wss that anthrax germs, could be stopped from growing by the germs that float In the air. Pasteur went on to develop a Vaccine against anthrax which protected sheep, cattle and other animals from the disease. This helped check the ravages of the nasty, deadly disease that humans got from Infected animals or their hides or wool.

Anthrax, the "Per- slan fire" of the ancients, con tek man sporadically. American soldiers In World War I got It frbm in fected -shaving brushes from Japan. There was not much doctors could do for the victims of "Persian They gradually got well, or they died. When World War II started, anthrax was under suspicion as a disease the enemy might use if he got to fighting us with germs as well as bullets and bombs. It could kill livestock needed for food as well as humans.

Anthrax Cured. Last Summer, a report from a U.S. germ-warfare unit at Camp Detrick, revealed that during the war 23- patients with anthrax were cured by penicillin. Pasteur's prediction had come true. During the years between, Pasteur's observations had not been entirely forgotten.

Other bacteriologists saw much the same thing he had seen germs, or' mlcro- organisms of some kind, killing off other microorganisms. Digging Into the. scientific literature, you would find in a Gc(-man report that R. Emmerich and L. Loew followed the lead given by Bouchard's discovery.

American scientists by this time were also investigating the possi w.r germ war, or microbial antagon ism, to cure disease. At Rutgers University and the; New Jersey Agricultural Experiment -Station, Prof. Selman Waksmah started on the road that led to penicillin's powerful ally, in disease-fighting, streptomycin. Gramicidin Discovered. A young scientist of French birth, Dr.

Rejie J. Dubos, became interested while studying under Prof. Waksman. In 1939, In the midst of all the excitement over the new-found sulfa drugs. Dr.

Dubos and Dr. Rolln D. Hotch- kls hnth then at the BrwVefpllpr institute, extracted from sou bac- teria a chemical so powerful that" one-millionth of an ounce would protect a mouse from a sure-death dose of pneumonia germs. This powerful anti-germ chemical, was Books Received A HOMI Or YOUR OWN. (How to Build or Buy ft).

Edited by Julian Roth, In collaboration with 18 experts. A useful guide to home ownership and full Of nractleal arfvlra nlana. charts and Illustrations. Thomas Allen. Limited.

Tnrontn 27 I LOST MY ENGLISH ACCENT By C. V. R. Thompson. Reprint of a popular work of some years ago, by 'an Englishman in the United States, with some new material I Thnmn Aii.n 279 pages.

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On how to fly without an engine. John1 Murray, London. 318 pages, and many Illustrations. 18 shillings. 1 NOVELS.

THE STORY OF MRS. MURPHY. By Natalie Anderson Scott. Life and death of an alcoholic. Smlthers and Bonellie, Toronto.

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Reginald Saunders, Toronto. 312 pages. 83. THE DOUBLE DARKNESS. By Edward Fenton.

Mystery of lost identity in the background of war-torn Greece. McClelland and 309 pages. $2.73. i BEFORE THIS CROSSING. By Storm Jameson.

British Secret Service and the search for a The MacmlUan Toronto. 279 pages. $2. Mighty Imposing C. I 1113 ITII lUpWIlS 1' 1 Montreal, Aug.

Motre, Canada's largest citv. 7 r.i,y ii.rl nere are a few. prove its size, There are 600 miles of streets and 900 miles of sidewalks; 1,000 tons of garbage and ashes are disposed of every working day; it takes 600 men to remove gar- tractor-plows to keep streets open tor traffic in Winter; It takes 48 vo trucK-piows ana S3, sprinkler trucks and 343 sweepers to keep streets clean in Summer; the city has 78.482 buildings, worth $1,281,313,440. r- for reconstruction, and Is plan ning a set to mark the 50th anniversary -of the discovery of w. radio.

Colombia has issued new Red Cross stamps. Poland nas issueq miniature souvenir commemorating Poles kill- ea at German gas chambers in Poland during the war. Stamps of India 'are going to be different later this year after the changeover sometime this month into the two Dominions of Pakistan and Hindustan. No definite word has yet reached philatelic circles as to what stamps will be issued, but unofficial reports tend to show that Pakistan will for the early part of its new government use Indian stamps or Aden stamps overprinted Pakistan, while Hindustan will continue for the 'time being to use Indian stamps without any change. Philatelically India has had a career.

Issuing stamps not only of the country as a whole but also of the Individual princely feudnl states, Ceylon, at the southern end of India, has since the first days' of stamps, issued Its Knan ic.n- nesan issuing stamps in mo- when embossed stamps were is- sued for the Scihde District Post Office. There stamps are rare to day, and were in use less than two years. In 1834 stamps featuring Queen Victoria were issued by the East India Company, and in I860 first government issues appeared, also with head of Queen Victoria. The Queen was featured on various other issues till 1902 when a set featuring King Edward VII appeared, followed by a set to King George in 1911. First commemorative and picture stamps appeared in 1931 for the change of the capital from Calcutta to New TDclhi.

stamps showing government, buildings. Various 4mples were features on 'the Krog George silver jubilee issue of 1935. Two years later II THE OTTAWA JOURNAL,.