The San Bernardino County Sun from San Bernardino, California • Page 21

rAlirJ TWENTY-ONE THE FARM AND ORCHARD DEVOTED EXCLUSIVELY TO THE INTERESTS Of BETTER FARMING, POULTRY RAISING AND DAIRYING SHIPMENT SUMMARY-MARKET REVIEW PACKING HOUSE NEWS ORCHARD REPORTS ALL CITRUS EVENTS Country Life of The San Bernardino Daily Sun SAN BERNARDINO DAILY SUN, SUNDAY, DECEMBER 26, 1926 I brevity, which is, as always, the soul of wit. Her surprise ending brought I Home Department of the Farms and wearily they had tramped to find food In San Bernardino. Red-lands thinks they will have room to entertain the institute soon, but so far San Bernardino and Chaffe are the only places with room enough, even for the programs. DECLINES ARE DUE III PRICES OF FERTILIZER Production of Nitrate on Enlarged Scale Begun by Smelting Company best?" Personality, interest in pupils, ability to interest and inspire personality, salesmanship, teaching for love of It, attractive appearance, etc. were prominent in most of the replies.

Mr. Aldrich also read seme letters from girls In the first year of Junior high and freshman year of college. Two thirds of these girls said high school taught them more than college because the teachers knew them and their needs personally and ta'ked to them intimately in class instead of simply instructing through lectures, leaving them to take it or leave it and because there were so many students in college to one teacher there was absolutely no contact between teacher and settle down to a question of right location and proper care." Then crops will be grown on reasonable priced land which will be adopted to them and produce the greatest tonnage for the labor and expense expended. How to go about getting better i rices, for peaches? Supply will be a slow method. Is there any hope of Increasing the demand? Getting better prices? Can -we regulate the spread of price between producer and consumer? A can of peaches that brings the producer in California 5 eents costs the buyer 40 cents in New York There is no reason for a retailer charging 37 pa cent profit on apples and only a few per cent of profit on sugar, Mr.

Lucas said. One thing is sure, he affirmed, and that is, we cannot increase the demand for our deciduous fruit at present prices and that is where the helplessness of the producer comes in, that he cannot control ictail selling prices. Could we Increase the demand at lower prices? This might be possible. There is a movement on to get lower rates on shipping, but that is in the future. PROCESS CUTS COST Chilean Nitrate Reduction Will Bring Competition With Artificial (More is some good news for the farmer.

J. C. Royle reports in the following that fertilizer prices are due for a material decline as a result of latest developments In the Chilean nitrate fields. The American Smelting Refining Co. has inaugurated production of nitrate on an enlarged scale under a new and cheaper process, which has been 10 years in the making).

By J. C. ROYLE IXpial to The Sun) NEW York, Dec. 23. Substantial declines are anticipated in the prices which go to make up commercial fertilizers, according to some chem ists.

This fact should bring en couragement especially to the southwest part of the United States, which did not enjoy returns from their 1926 crops. One of the factors, calculated to bring the cost of proper fertilization of the soil to moderate figures, is the Inauguration tif operators on i U.CROYl-E. A. Haven Smith, principal of the TCedlands high school, was the next speaker. Mr.

Smith told of their grouping of pupils into classes according to ability as fast moving, medium, and slow. Sometimes, he said, the slow or medium students come out ahead of the fast-moving ones because they try harder. Often the end is quite surprising in its showing of results, Mr. Smith said. The Redlands high school also has a clever way of handling the finances of all school activities.

It is done through the work of a class that meets every day and acts as a clearinghouse, taking in and faying cut money for the entire school and striking a balance' each night by running all accounts' through the "ledger bank," so that it is plain exactly how much money is on hand at the close of each day. There are 26 accounts. The disbursements are made on an 'Order signed by the student body president and tho principal and treasurer. Miss Hartman's report for the southwest section will follow later, a fine condensed report. The same is true of Miss Edwards for the north side of the mountains, the 33 schools below the summit Both will follow.

C. E. Latham, principal of the Kedlands junior high, said they believe in clubs and have 14 or 15 in heir school. Practically each child belongs to one or another of these clubs. They add great Interest and meet in but one section on Friday at the last period, which is a study period.

Some clubs like the nature study club are so large they meet in four sections, or in two like the needle craft and dramatic clubs. There are also Spanish, art and journalism clubs. Miss Fannie D. Noe, district superintendent of the Upland schools, stated briefly that they are very proud of their schools, butf if the teachers wanted to know further about them they should accept a most cordial Invitation to come and visit them. Miss Noe had four minutes yet to her credit when she sat down, thus winning tho pennant for Hi I Logan Bryan Members New York Stock Exchange Direot Private Wire Service to AU Leading Exchanges 636 So.

Spring St. Los Angeles greater demand and Increased production to meet it. Mr. Lucas here told of how the car shortage situation and the plan to ship citrus according to the market had succeeded. The reason it is so hard to handle the canning situation when fruits have been so successful Is this: In one case there are but ono or two articles handled during the year.

Experts can be trained to handle this many. The canning business Is very complicated. A cannery must handle many products. The range is from all kinds of deciduous fruits, through the vegetable crops and Including salmon, pineapple, etc. Canneries must sell to brokers and jobbers In competition with in dependents.

The smaller canneries i i mi wamuuua nave iiui waue money. Mr. Lucas stated. The grape growers go even farther than the citrus growers, the speaker explained. It is hard to estimate a grape crop.

Can estimate table and juice grapes pretty well, but Thompsons and Muscats cannot be estimated except through the raisin growers. A clearing house would keep growers from glutting certain markets. On these glutted there is scarcely room for cars to move to the shipping platforms. Buyers know-what a glut there and hold off and thus bring fruit down to ruinous prices, for It Is a perishable product and when it gets to a certain stage it must be moved at any price. Mr.

Lucas stated that he scop little chance for Increasing the outlet for canned and dried fruit. The only remedy is to fit supply to demand. Advertisers have been too sue-cessf'il and the lack of control over the retail distributor is the limitation of the cooperatives. So far there has been a failure to control production according to supply and demand. Both consumers and producers would profit by regulating production by supply and demand.

"I look at the question of production as a critical factor In marketing," Mr. Lucas said, and quottel Herbert Hoover as saying that the west Is over-produced In some things. The California development board has declared, according to Mr. Lucas, that farmers already In business should be assured of success before starting new settlers in farming. Real estate men and nurserymen were charged by the speaker with making the.

most trouble along this lino by subdividing and planting and caring for little farms. Most nt them do npt even know how Important it is to set out good stock, or If they know they do not seem to care. Mr. Lucas has had experience with them. For example, a man came to him who wanted to buy grape cuttings to be used in planting out those little farms.

He didn't care at all what kind of grapes, "just any sort of vines," lie said. "Just think," said the speaker, "what this sort of thing means to poc.plo who know nothing about farming when an experienced man couldn't make a living off of It." Real estate men are much to be criticized, he emphasized, and farmers are to blame. Farmers should let people know about forming profits or lack of profit. One real ytae project, he pointed out, is well known to all. It was subdivided Into 2A- to 10-acre farms and planted largely to apri cots, during the war.

A large part of the acreage is owned by non residents. A few have been able to get on by raising chickens and working for these non-resident owners. This was a good apricot year and the locals were saying: Won't the owners be surprised when they get checks instead of having to send them?" Their first experience of the sort. "Farmers should do something to check these real estate subdivi sions," Mr. Lucas declared; "then things will readjust themselves and 1 pplause and laughter.

Mrs. Mabel Farrington spoke next. but as her principal address was In the afternoon at the school nurses' section meeting, presided over by Miss Julia Donnelly, the report of it will appear in that story. R. A.

Condee was almost as brief as Miss Noe. He spoke of the Republic's high school as a vocational school within a high school. Ha said they have 2100 boys down there in four-year classes. It is a 24-hour school. They try to correlate the Smith-Hughes work and projects.

Mr. Condee sstd they are very glad to have visitors at any time. H. G. Clement also was brief.

He declared that the motto of the Red-lands schools Is "Keep the children clean! Keep them happy!" In the intermediate schools the principals supervise the teachers and he declared they have all gone "batty over there on intelligence classes. J. H. Waldron, district superintendent of the Colton schools, said they stress courtesy, work In tha health department and citizenship. During the Bummer months the Colton city council adopted traffio ordinance and the school used it for a part of the class work from the eighth grade up.

They also emphasize writing, and each member of last June's graduating class had a writing certificate and each girl had made her own graduating dress. are on trial and only teachers can put the schools before the public in the right light. The best teachers are most ready to 'make their schools the best, he feels. George Momyer, principal of San Bernardino high school, mads the briefest speech of all. "A barber," he said, "only looks at the head.

A shoe shiner only looks at the shoes, but anyone feels competent to criticize a school. We should be ready for E. W. Fischer, vice principal of the Chaffey high, declared that they differ from all Others in that they like to eat. He then told of the magnificent way In which they were prepared to feed the teachers the next day, and subsequent events proved they up to what he promised in fact Mr.

Fischer also declared that they take great pride In making and keeping Chaffey a country, school in tho; country, In Bplrlt and In fact "We have alfalfa behind our ears," he said, "we don't shine, our shoes" (this was a thrust at a former speech in light vein), "we send busses on. Wheels to wash Mexicans" (this, in retort to a school whioh had rather boasted of Its baths), "and we have set out 250 eucalyptus trees to keep us from being blown away by the wind." Farm Products'? See Class. 38. PETALUMA WEEKLY POULTRY JOURNAL Published at the capital of the commercial poultry Industry. The only publication in the West that gives all the la-formation of markets and husbandry that the money- making ponltrynuui needs.

Send silver dime for font weeks trial. Trial year on dollar. Poultry Journal, Box FY, Petaluma, Cal. When You, Want Real Heat The Answer Is Wood or Coal Prompt Service on Any Size Order A Few Planting Suggestions From Our Nursery Erica Melanthera (Scotch Heather) Pyracantha, Holand Catoneaster, Panosai Nandera These are very attractive shrubs, which thrive in San Bernardino. Little Stories By MRS.

8. U. STEWART The speaker whose subject was "Marketing Problems" at the Peach Growers' school partly reported last week was Vincent Lucas, a West End grower. In introducing him Mr, Wilder stated that Mr. Lucas was particularly well fitted to speak on the subject assigned him, being one of the five Lucas brothers who farm largely on the diversified plan and are able to distribute their labor over many crops during the year to good advantage.

Mr. Lucas said the peach growers' business has reminded him of late years of a certain darkle, who liked to sit around the house and talk weather conditions while his wife did the neighbors' washing. Someone suggested to her that with all his experience her husband must lo quite a prophet on the weather. She replied: "No'ra, he ain't no profit at all he's jtst a dead loss." Following arc some of the high spots of Mr. Lucas' talk: "What I want to do," he said, "Is to evolve some practical Ideas or suggestions of how to dispose of a crop at a profit." This he declared very difficult to do in the case of the peach grower.

The outlets for peaches in California, he explained, are two canneries and driers. There are, perhaps, five, or 10 per cent shipped oust fresh. Some of these come to disaster. They are' not figured In the marketing from this section. Some are sent to Los Angeles.

This section does not produce the best peaches for drying, or canning, in fact. Growing Reaches never will bo a largo thing here when the profitahe San Joaquin valley crops and Sacramento valley crops are such heavy competitors The Sacramento valley Is the greatest competitor. They have a continual season on clings. Here we have only one really important cling, the Tustin. So the price will always bo figured and governed by the price in the Sutter valley.

He would urge pools. The greatest profit ever made on peaches In this section was two years ago when the Chino peach growers pooled their crops. Whilo the north is the dependence of the southern canneries, they will pay a reasonably good price for best canning peaches, as it is hard to ship from the north. This year peaches were shipped from Merced and farther north. This was hard on the They will pay a fair price If the farmers get together in selling and do not cut each others' throats on prices.

Many California products are In a deplorable state from a marketing standpoint. Early surveys showed poor distribution, poor packs, etc. These discoveries caused cooper ative organizations, to spring up and today methods of picking, packing, grading, have become about perfect. Distribution Is wider and fairly complete. Increased distribution has brought whether made at Muscle Shoals or Germany, and will tend to reduce and stabilize fertilizer costs to farmers all over the country.

Nitrate prices for the last six months have been well under those of the corresponding period of 1925. Freight Rate Drop To Cut Quotations Potash still is relatively high In prior, but the drop in ocean freight rates is calculated to reduce quotations on this commodity which is largely provided by Germany. About 15 per cent of the amount needeil annually is produced in the United States, most of it coming from California. Phosphates are high but the ani mal fertilizers and fish scraps have not 'shown any marked advances. It is held among fertilizer men that even crop diversification in the south as a result of restrictions of acreage of cotton, will not obviate the use of largo quantities of fertil izers in 1927.

(Copyright. 15211. by The Sun) $2.50 Conductors. By MRS. S.

U. STEWART The recent county teachers' Institute was carried out on quite a different plan from any that have gone before and was most interesting. Miss Ida M. Collins, county superintendent of schools, announced in the beginning that sho had planned the work after the fashoin shown tn the programs for the benefit of the new members of the state board of education who hails from Court street and is neighbor to all San Bernardino county teachers and- would be glad to know them and get in touch with the work of our schools so he can tell the state how good it is. Miss Collins didn't use just those words, but that is what she meant I'm sure and she had persuaded representatives of most of the city schools, their superintendents and high school principals, the county assistant superintendents, to talk for five minutes euch und leli the one most original thing they do in their own schools which other schools do not do but might find suggestions In.

For, of course, they are all doing the most excellent work on a practically uniform curriculum in a general way, each of them, however, having some clever original plan they Rre working out. Miss Collins had nucceeded in getting all these officluls up there and It was as Interesting to the rest of us as it must have been to Mr. Drown, for probably not nearly all of us had ever before seen whal might be called the general stall of the army of education in ou; county all together. It was rather reassuring to see that there are so many men yet left in the teaching corps for ono thing, for one has to see them sort of en maose to realize there are some dozens of them. They didn't seem to want to be connected tjo clotely with work that is growing to be so largely done by Iho women, however, for the first thing they did was to make sure that every man was going to bo at a certain rendezvous for luncheon, taking the program to do while the women sat meekly by and let them.

And these poor women teachers almost Mil) of them) couldn't come back at the men and make a rendezvous for themselves, for there was not room enough anywhere in Sun Bernardino unless it had been away down at the Orange Show building, and perhaps not there. So they had to stray about footsore and weary trying to find a place where they could squeeze in and get something to eat. In fact, there is but one place in the county where the entire force of teachers can be seated and led, Miss Collins says, and that is at Chaffey. On the second day of the institute stunts were put on by different schools and one. showed how fai contact to an extent sufficient to make Us "worthwhllenosa" clear.

As for these boys' and girls' club members they will grow up with a for anything less than a perfectly mistake-proof story of their agricultural undertakings and they will put less gamble into farming. Only they can never entirely eliminate the weather gamble. You see there Isn't a chance in the world, on this page to Ray Christmas!" with Christmas over before It appears and last Sunday too far away. The best one can do under the circumstances is to wish everybody that forms Its Sunday audience, a glad and prosperous New Year clear through until it becomes the Old Year and then some. Anyway that lasts much longer than Christmas and so that wish is sent to you from my very heart.

Wterl ater Every man and his family in these days Is protected except the farmer. The farmer and his family and his employes have no position from which to dictate. Prices are figured from the consumers' end back to the farmer. If there is anything left when it comes to him that is what the farmer gets. Mr.

Lucas believes that, the Increasing association between the city and the farm will help some. But with all this unfairness tn conditions, Mr. Lucas declared 'hat nobody makes too auch. The whole thing is brought about through inefficiency in handling the products of tho farm. Lack of terminal facilities is one of those that contribute to this inefficiency, he pointed out, where handling of California fruit Is concerned.

A great deal of it comes about through lack of room for trucks to load and unload and rules for efficient handling. This causes great loss to everyone connected with the wcrk. People and trucks lose time and the perishable products de eri-ase in quality and value. The federal marketing board is trying to help these transportation problems. Mr.

Lucas announced. "Nobody makes too much," he tepcited. "The loss is largely due to lack of efficiency in transportation. We are discriminated against in transportation and it is our own fault," he concluded. The Baby Beef club boys have their cattle and have come ou' very nicely, better than the stockyards people, who bought them at 1314 cents, which paid the boys for all expense and left them the income from the fertilizer.

However, when the animals went on the auction block, something had swatted he cattle market apparently for the baby beeves brought the stockyard men but 11 cents a pound. This operation Is a record in itself, for whoever heard of a private party making moio out of beef cattle or any other kind than a bis concern made? Though to tell tjie truth, nobody knows just what they did make in the entire transaction This cold weather time needs up a hit even if there is some about a joke. But the price the boys got and price the stockyards got are true data. The associated farm ad viser told me about it when he was adding and computing figures on the entire project, which he considers one of the best ever put over Every boy ir it finished his project and made his records complete and accurate and that is an Important thing in any project, better, even than mak ing money, for the object of the club projects is education along agricultural lines The entire report will be ready soon and then we can know to the nth part of a cent all about it, for accuracy is the watchword of these extension people and they are gradually getting it over to those farmers with whom they come in The guest of honor being Introduce, he proceeded to give a clever, comradely talk to the teachers, revealing for the first time to man of us that he had served an apprenticeship at teaching himself In bis earlier years, as have so many professional men. Mr.

Brown declared that when he went to school and taught school they did not say a spring or winter semester, because they didnt' know what a semester was. "We just said the winter school or term, and spring school or term," he said. "In the fall after the crops were In, we went to school until time to plant some more. After that we attended a spring term while the crops were coming up," he explained. "The two outstanding qualifications for teaching in those country schools were a certificate one got from passing an examination given by several persons who knew even less than the applicant, and being able to lick the biggest boy over 12 in the school," Mr.

Brown said. "In my day," he declared, "teaching was less of a profession.and more of an adventure." At any rate, those five years of teaching put the new member of the State Board of Education in a position to understand a teacher's point of view. He is still uncertain he says, how much chance he will get to use this knowledge, having a notion that the board's work Is largely legislative. However, he is interested in finding out, and will soon have a chance. "The broad general principle I shall follow as a member of the Board of Education, is that primarily the executive of a school district should have all the authority necessary to success.

We should not expect results, and then curtail the teachers so as to prevent success. Inside the orbit worked out the executive and teachers should bo supreme." Mr. Brown believes schools should be highly equipped for greater efficiency, and Invites suggestions from teachers for improvement in school efficiency, though uncertain as yet how closely he will come in touch with Individual schools. R. Holbrook spoke for the city schools of San Bernardino: "This Is a community where the people arc progressive and ready to help tho schools," Mr.

Holbrook said. "We are using one and a half million dollars to replace antiquated buildings. I hope you go to see our new Mexican school. It Is worth your while. Our union junior college Is almost a reality.

It is the first union junior college in the state. Our department of child welfare has been a great success this year. We should be glad to have you visit it." Mr. Holbrook called attention to the inequalities arising from the present method of distributing the state's school funds, also legislation needed to bring about improvement in the method. The Inequality arises from the fact that while San Bernardino county, for example, has only a property value of $3000 per child, other counties have a property value of from $12,000 to $16,000 per child.

"How can we compete?" Mr. Holbrook asks. McCall Aldrich, district superintendent of the Chino schools, said that the Chino teachers are developing a philosophy of education. He rtad a number of replies to the question: "Why do teachers succeed? What teacher traits are Nrm incriftnt lit-trttm trUtnf tbnt tkt SO itet'tl Ptmmt iJttnm, I a comme rclal scale at the American Smelting Refining company's plant at Coyo. on the Chilean nitrate pampas.

This plant represents the results of 10 years' study on the part of the Guggenheim engineers into the possibility of employing leaching methods for the extraction of sodium nitrate from the rock as mined from the ground. Process Cuts Cost of Nitrate Their work has now progressed through the complete cycle of laboratory investigation to commercial production. The engineers developed a gold leaching process, which has cut a large amount from the cost of nitrate and which gives an extraction of better than 90 per cent of 9G per cent purity. It was discovered that in the raw products mined at Coya Norte, the potassium and magnesium ions, thoso elements thrown off under electrolysis, If maintained in suitable concentrations in the leach solutions, would prevent the formation of insoluble doubtful compounds, which would take up part of the nitrate. These compounds hitherto had prevented satisfactory extraction of the nitrate.

Made Other Fuel Unnecessary The process was developed to such an extent that the heat generated by the chamlcal action itself made other fuel unnecessary except to operate the power plant. In addition the equipped the Coya Norte plant with the most efficient of labor-saving machinery for mining and handling and thus further reduced the costs. The dependence on Chilean nitrates has been continually emphasized in this country since the development of the artificial nitrate plants at Muscle Shoals. The reduction in the cost of the Chilean nitrate will bring it In direct competition with the artificial product, INDEPENDENT NEWS Published every Sunday containing items of interest about necessities of life for man, beast and fowl. Put a Fern in your Living Room and notice the difference.

We have some exceptionally choice ones at very reasonable prices. Canaries Thrive on Independent Bird Seed 2 lbs. 25c 38TH ANNUAL TOURNAMENT OF ROSES PASADENA NEW YEAR'S DAY For the convenience of our patrons, the Pacific Electric will operate a special train, leaving San Bernardino at 7:45 a. direct to Pasadena, without change. Also, reduced rates will be on sale by agent.

EXCURSION FARES JLubfficated $2.50 San Bernardino to Pasadena and return, tickets good on any train, return limit Jan. 2nd. BIG FLORAL PARADE 10:30 A.M. FOOTBALL 2:15 P.M. Stanford University VI.

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