Calgary Herald from Calgary, Alberta, Canada • 13

itiimiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiimiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiM THE CALGARY HERALD Wed June W2 13 Stockholm pad will give oceans a break World chess crown may at last be ft 4 Fischer ready for test hi- t. id. u- -mtkjM wa 5N? tions Conference on the Human Environment, Canadian officials have shifted the underlying premises of the ocean-dumping treaty almost 180 degrees. Instead of following the original U.S. treaty proposal which Canada considered as 1 issuing national licences to pollute the ocean dumping convention bans entirely the dumping of seven classes of toxic materials, allows very restricted dumping for three other categories and requires permits for almost anything left untouched in the first two sections.

This approach, based on an agreement reached this year by northern European nations at Oslo, was endorsed in principle by one of the environment conference's three committees Friday. Final details are to be ironed out later this year at a special meeting in London, England. More importantly, the proposed treaty recognizes the basic Canadian policy position that coastal nations have some legal rights to control dumping by foreign ships or aircraft. Although the main burden of enforcement still falls on the so-called "flag nations" the countries where the vessel is officially registered the treaty allows coastal nations to take action "within their area of jurisdiction" against a foreign vessel. If the plenary session of the environment conference next week approves the committee action on marine pollution and ocean dumping, Canada will have led the world in a major step towards reaching this new balance of By Al Horowitz ITht Niw York Tlmti, Copyright, 19721 NEW YORK When, on July 2, a -t 1 United States chess champion Robert Fischer sits down to play the first game of his world championship match against title-holder Boris Spassky of the Soviet Union, it will be the first time in 71 years that an American has participated in a match for chessdom's highest title.

Although Samuel Reshev-sky took part in a tournament held in 1948 to determine the successor to the throne left vacant by the death of Alexander Alekhine and finished fourth no American has faced a reigning world champ in a head-to-head confrontation for the title since Frank J. Marshall in 1901, when he suffered a humiliating defeat at the hands of, Emmanuel Lasker. Those 71 years represent a long period of hope and frustration for American chess fans, and it is little wonder the national chess community should await the event in a fever of enthusiasm. Many American chess players have followed Fischer's career from the time when, at the age of 12, he first proved himself a force to be reckoned with. When two years later, in 1956, he won the U.S.

championship for the first time, there were many who predicted that he would win the world title before he was old enough to vote. But, although he went on to become, at the age of 15, the youngest grandmaster in the history of the game, the road to the summit proved to bs much longer and rockier than his admirers had anticipated. That road has now led to, of all improbable places, Reykjavik, Iceland, where play, barring accidents, will begin July the first player to score 12V4 points (counting one point for a win, half-a-puint. to each for a draw) within the limit of 24 games will be the winner. If the match is tied at the end of 24 games, the champion will retain his title.

Spassky, at 35, is six years older than Fischer. He won the title in 1969 by besting his compatriot, Tigran Petrosian, after losing to him in his first try in 1966. Spassky was also a world championship contender while still in his teens, but, like i suffered some sobering setbacks before finally achieving his goal. He should now be at the height of his career and, under ordinary circumstances, might be expected to hold on to his crown for many years to come. However, it is the firm opinion not only of most American experts, who might well be open to the charge of wishful thinking, but of know ledgeable people all over the world, that the world champion is a decided underdog.

International Chess Federa- tion President Dr. Max Euwe, himself a former world champion, some months ago was quoted as saying that Fischer has a "60-per-cent chance" to win the title mighty long odds in favor of the challenger. On what, one may reasona- tuim li i explanations, but close analysis does indicate that their meetings have not been so one-sided as all that. What the experts are basing their opinions on, and rightly so, are the performances of the two protagonists over the past few years. There Fischer has a big edge, as he would have even If Spassky's results were far more impressive than they are.

In order to win the right to contend for the championship, Fischer had to win a series of candidates' matches against some of the strongest players in the world, and he did so in extraordinary fashion, First he defeated Russian grandmaster Mark Taimanov, in a match held at Vancouver, last May, by an incredible 6-0 score, unprecedented in this form of competition. Then, in August, in a match played at Denver, he defeated Bent Larsen of a widely thought ip be the top player of the western world, after Fischer of course, by the same margin. And then, to top it off, he disposed of former world champion Petrosian in a match played last in Buenos Aires, Argentina, by 6V4-2V4. Meanwhile, Spassky, since winning the title, has had to be content with a series of indifferent results. His most recent apperance in a major event was in a tournament in Moscow late last year, where he finished tied for sixth by no' means a disgraceful snowing in such strong company, but pallid by comparison with Fischer's extraordinary doings.

Indicative of a player's recent results is a numerical ranking system which employs a complicated formula to translate tournament and match performances into a four-digit number, and can be employed to predict future results as well. Spassky 's current rating is a healthy 2,690 anything over 2,500 indicates play at the grandmaster level. Fischer's however, is 2,824 by far the highest ever achieved. Thus, the mathematical projections indicate that Fischer will have an easy time of it, and suggest that the final score will be about 12-8V4 in his favor. Chess matches, of course, are not won by reference to probably tables, but over vfim wlMM iHHimiiiiiiHiiiiiimmiimiiiimiiiiiiHiHiiimiHiHmmiiiimiiiiiiiiiiii his bly ask, do the authorities base such a sanguine view of Fischer's chances? Certainly not on previous games between these two opponents: the score stands 3-0 in Spas-sky's favor, with two draws.

A careful examination of the games they have contested, however, reveals a different picture. Their first meeting, in a tournament at Mar del Plata, Argentina in I960, when Fischer was only 16, resulted in a wild battle in which Bobby had a winning advantage, but went astray in the complications of the play and lost. NOT SO ONE-SIDED Spassky's second win came in 1966, when Fischer made a mistake in an even position and then succumbed to a brilliant attack. And when Spassky again beat Fischer, at the Chess Olympics a team event at Siegen, East Germany, in 1970, it was largely because, with the American team losing to the Russians, Fischer tried- too hard and finally over-extended himself. Surely Spassky's three wins against Fischer without a loss cannot be simply dismissed with a few glib BORIS SPASSKY rtigning champion iiiiiiiiiimimiihiiiiiiiiiiuhihiiiiih CMona the same i ill rifiiii itpirif a 4' By Peter Colomai ISouthtm Newt Sirvlc.i, Copyright, 1972 STOCKHOLM When the Canadian research ship Hud- on completed its historic first circumnavigation of North and South America two yean ago, scientists were asked how they got rid of chemicals from the I 's laboratories.

Dumped tnern over the aide, the scientists replied. Because of diplomatic negotiations In which their government has played a key role, the Canadian scientists won't be able to do that again. And Canadian industries which now send boat loads of toxic waste up the St. Lawrence Seaway for dumping at "night off the Grand Banks will also have to find a more environmentally sound disposal WORLD TREATY An international treaty, blacklisting some toxic chemicals and. grey-listing others, will probably be signed by most of the globe's nations at the United Nations General Assembly this fall.

And the treaty will bear a distinctive Canadian stamp. Beginning at an international meeting in Ottawa last November and ending here this week at the United Na- Another jet crashes NEEDE, Holland (Reuter) A West German Starfigh-ter aircraft crashed into a meadow near this eastern Holland town Monday, killing the pilot. Prior to Monday's mishap, the. West German Air Force had lost 71 pilots and 153 of the U.S.-designed Star-fighters in crashes. There's Sizes 7-12.

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As play progresses, the hy-permodernist's efforts are to retrieve the median area, and every effort is bent on its repossession. Once regained, the hypermodernist intends to hold on and never to part with it. It goes without saying that the more knowledgeable a player, the greater his choice and also the greater technician, the finer the play. These are Fischer's attributes. Fischer is a great endgame expert and he favors hypermodern chess in many wins games.

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Regular i BOBBY chess the board. Fischer is Spassky's superior both i-cally his play exhibits fewer weak spots and tem-permentally Spassky has been having personal troubles recently that have markedly affected i concentration, whereas Fischer's whole life is devoted to chess. With the qualification that a player who has once won the world-championship is of course capable of beating anyone, anytime, the conclusion is inevitable: Fischer will win, and most likely win big. Fischer is capable of every type of chess modern, hy-' permodern and eclectic. In these branches, control of the centre is paramount, though hypermodern chess, paradoxically, vests the center to the antagonist.

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