Calgary Herald from Calgary, Alberta, Canada • 4

i- 3. THE CALGARY HERALD A SOUTH AM NEWSPAPER Published by the Proprietor, The SnutAam (mpny LlmilM, at The iieraid Bullfllflf. Caigary, Alberta, Unart PHILIP HSHKK, president JOHN D. SOUTHAM. VIee-Preslflent and Publisher.

FANE PULLEY, Sfreta ry-T easurer MONDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1933 Member of The Canadian Prean: The Canadian press li exclusively entitled to the right of republlrstlnn of all news dispatches credited to it or to Ine Auociated Preaa In this paper, and also the local newt published therein Ail right of republlratlnn o( ipwial dispaichea herein are also reserved. Authorized as second clans mall. Post Oftlce Department, Ottawa. Old Horse Tales' Never Fade Away t- f'i "f'Jrfs' jr" j-' it l' Ait li mm anrffit ''m wfk "it1! 4 urn -1 uaowv- EES? FkmiS? diversionary movement by which the Liberals hoped to begin the burial of the whole report. On the vital first section of this report, which indicated Mr.

Currie's dissatisfaction with administration throughout the department of national defence, the Liberals were quite unable to obtain the clean bill of health they hoped for. Mr. Currie was quite forthright in giving a reasonable explanation for his changing the critical words about defence officials from "at or near the top" of the department to the less offensive "those higher up." And he stated quite plainly that his remarks applied not only to the army works services, which lie was specifically investigating, but to "other personnel in the department of national defence" whose positions made them responsible for the supervision of the works services. And although he was discreetly vague about responsibility, his remark that "responsibility does not jump over or hurdle any level, but forms a chain of continuing responsibility RIGHT THROUGH THE ORGANIZATION," should make it plain, even to a horse, that the chain runs right to the top. The question which Canadian citizens everywhere will want to know the answer to is: Where is the weak link? Are there, in fact, other links in the department or even other chains in the government's grasp which are weaker still? Public interest, therefore, is unlikely to fade unless honest repair work is begun and completed.

The Liberals in Ottawa are said to be breathing easier now" that the author of the Currie Report has gone through what, might be called a Liberal -grilling by the defence expenditures committee. These government supporters are Jn this more exhilarated mood, -presumably because no horses turned up at the committee meeting and because no new revelations of governmental horse-play were made during the meetings. From this, the Liberals are assuming that public interest in the Currie Report will fade. This assumption is made, of course, by forgetting two things. First of all it neglects the horses, 'which whether real or imaginary, dishonest or purebred, have become brisk images in the public mind, ready to frisk out upon the meadows of public discussion at the most embarrassing times.

And no matter how many sober- politicians may explain these poor animals away, their very presence on the scene at all is bound to draw the odd horse-laugh, and nothing is more detrimental to political stability than that. More disastrous to this assumption, however, is the import of the committee's investigation. The Liberals, who did all the questioning, were unable to change Mr. Currie's report in any way. And the Conservatives took the proper stand that since they had already accepted his findings in Parliament, they need not question him before the committee.

The committee was, as Opposition members pointed out before, merely a S.S. General not a cosh boy just Daddy without hit keys. Now be good boyt and open the door." Oil Th RQCOrd By Dorothy Thompson The CBC Station You Almost Never Hear Many Americans believe that the Rosenbergs were convicted of treason, as they were not, Others cannot understand why espionage in w-artime should be considered a serious crime if it is not directed to aidiiig-an enemy. The American law against espionage is not concerned with traffic with an enemy during war. That is a special and other category of crime.

The law under which the Rosenbergs were tried covers espionage in behalf of any foreign power, except, of course, espionage conducted by the government's own intelligence departments. It says: "Whoever, with intent or reason to believe that it is to be used to the injury of the United States or the of a foreign nation, communicates, delivers or transmits, or- attempts to communicate, deliver or transmit to any foreign government either directly or indirectly any document or information relating to the national defence shall be imprisoned for not more than 20 years. Whoever violates this statute in time of war shall be punished by death or imprisoned for not more than 30 years." This is not a new law, devised by "witch hunters" to "frame" Communists. It was passed nearly 36 years ago, two months after the US entered the First Great War, when there was not a Communist state in the world for which anyone could spy, Under it, an offender need not have the intent of injuring the United States, if he does have the intent of aiding any foreign government. It is an extremely severe law, and we may, therefore, inquire why espionage during wartime carries such extreme penalties.

The penalties are severe because such espionage is highly dangerous to national security. Conceivably, it might involve national destruction. Spies deal with other spies, and spies for one government or spies posing as agents of one government may actually be spies for another. Even within an official and highly competent intelligence apparatus, espionage involves the danger that information destined for a friend may be turned over to an enemy. No private persons or organization can possibly trace the ultimate destination of the information he gives.

Governments must be wary of giving vital military information In wartime, even to the mast trusted allies, for al We have not had the opportunity of listening to the radio in Lacombe lately, but we suspect reception there must be pretty good. Lacombe is, in fact, a singularly fortunate community; its residents can probably receive the Edmonton private stations all the time, and the Calgary private stations most of the time, in addition to all which the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation maintains, for the benefit of Lacombe, a transmitter with a power of 50,000 watts. Why the CBC is so solicitous of Lacombe we have never quite understood. We do recall vaguely hearing, once, that this massive transmitter, CBX, was intended to provide coverage of the full Trans-Canada network service for the people of Edmonton and Calgary as well as the people of Lacombe; but our recollection on this point is clearly in error, since as everybody knows CBX does no such thing. Reception in Edmonton, we hear, is uncertain.

Reception in Calgary is customarily indifferent and during the past few weeks has been downright impossible. Cal-garians who wait impatiently for six days for the pleasure of hearing Hamlet in French or some other priceless gem intended for the connoisseur on Wednesday nights, have been subjected to weekly frustration. We will assume for the sake of this particular discussion that the CBC is interested in having Edmon-tonians and Calgarians listen to its programs. No other assumption is, Indeed, possible, since it is scarcely No, not a Purge not an The Scrap Book By SHELAGH. NOLAN If the new mail order catalogue comes, can spring be far behind? Stalin talks about peace the same way people talk about the weather-without doing anything about it.

GONE BUT NOT FORGOTTEN A fantastically henpecked husband finally did something entirely on his own Initiative. He dropped dead. His nagging wife mourned his loss and the fact that she had nobody left to badger. A visitor sympathized: "How you must miss dear Wilbur." "Yes," said the widow wistfully, "it seems but yesterday that he stood at that very door, holding it open until two flies got in." Bennett Orf In Good Kor A Laueh" Psychologists assert that the clue to successful retirement Is to take up a hobby. Mr.

Truman has one that seems unique turning down jobs. TESTS Sir, I understand from the press that British sailors putting into American ports are to be subjected to a test for political reliability. Your readers must be aware that certain opinions are current nay, are encouraged in America which are not to the best interests of this country. I therefore suggest that American seamen visiting our ports be invited to.subscribe to the following oath: do hereby swear that I have never, at any time, been associated with any political party entertaining views incompatible with the institution of Monarchical Government." "LOYAL BRITON." Letter In The Npw Statesman and Nation Charges of subversive influence among Americans studying in England are said to be under investiga tion by a Congressional committee, which wants only middle-of-the-Rhodes scholars. PERSONAL In the face of the admirable record on the part of the public librar es it may seem ungrateful of us to say that private libraries are still the best; nevertheless, we shall do so.

The true book-lovpr will never be content to use books which are public property; he wants his own. To him a book is as intimate a possession as a comb or a toothbrush. His means may not permit him to acquire all the books he wants, but he will buy those which are dearest to him, and to which he returns again and again. Modern living quarters are cramped, but he will find a shelf somewhere, and upon it he will range his books. They may not number more than a dozen cheap editions, but they are his own, and very often they are the focus of his life.

Not for the world would we discourage anyone from using a public library, secret hope is always that the taste acquired there will eventually show Itself, modestly or opulently, in a library at home. Th PetprborouEh Examiner Man up the street tells us his wife feel herself today, but adds it's an improvement. VANISHING ART One of the least popular, butone of the mast universal, duties imposed by the season before and after Christmas so unpopular that it often runs into February is that of the annual letter-writing. To friends long unseen and relations far distant, to acquaintances who rate more than the impersonal Christmas card and to those delightful fairy godmothers who have unexpectedly remembered us in their opulent gift-list, there ts paid the tribute of a letter. A real letter, that rarest of rare occurrences, and not the mere formalism of putting an acceptance on paper.

If it were no other 1hing. this season of the year would be notable for this very reason, that it promotes at least temporary revival of an art which is fast dropping into disuse. Even riuTlng the First Wnrld War a famous essayist could complain that the penny post and the spirit of hustle were killing the epistolary art. How much since thn has i's drme bpen hastened by the advent to common use of the telephone and the Even the most jtil'ed letter demanded by etiquette is now being quickly foreo'fen: the coiir'eous letter of thanks to ore's hosfes. written after a vi.

is in the process of becoming a thin of the p3t. Certainly it never was a vehicle for the highest High's of epistolary art, save in the hands of such a master as Raleigh; it was familiarly known as the "bread-and-butter" letter, but at least it did rer resen1: the praence of an art which is now in danger cf vanishing aitoeether. Tie Kaiifa Chroaius-i Herald Letters Dogs and Medical Research Editor, The Herald: i How could harbor an ounce of love or affection for "man's best friend" arfrj put up a logical argument to deprive him of his right to live? Have we the right to live longer or suffer less at the expense of these dumb but faithful creatures? Can any lasting good come out of this unjust and specious remedy? I think not 1 FRED MORGAN, Calgary. As a taxpayer for the past 43 years, I absolutely object to any arrangements made by our city fathers to turn dogs over to the Belcher Hospital for medical research. Such cruelty is beyond the imagination of anyone with a spark of humanity.

We, the taxpayers, established and paid for the upkeep of the city pound to protect these dumb animals and destroy them painlessly. How could we be so callous as to turn those dumb animals over to face such a cruel death? mrs. jean Mcdonald, Calgary. Are we to look upon hospitals as kindly, humanitarian places upstairs, and torture chambers or slaughter houses or both downstairs? The thought is too horrible to dwell upon, and for one, hop the City Council will quickly refuse the request of the Colonel Belcher Haspital. If there must be animal experimentation, it seems to be high time that legislation should prohibit its taking place in hospitals.

MRS. C. STUBBS, Calgary. One of the mnst, glaring evils amone; the numberless types of animal torture is vivisection. This Is indeed an evil which has far-reaching effects, and more grievous repercussions than most peopl realize.

Vivisection, which serves no useful purpose, is not only the arch cruelty of the age, but is degrading and demoralizing to those who Indulge in its practice. Its atrocities perpetrated in the name of humanitarianism are no secret to those who expend their energies on behalf of the tortured and exploited members of the animal world. Individuals who vent their baseness upon a helpless animal will treat their fellow man In a similar manner. As a citizen of Calgary for over 25 years, I protest any action to turn over defenceless creatures from the city pound to the Belcher or any other hospital for vivisection or any other experimental purposes. JEAN McNAIH, Calgary.

As a comparative stranger in the town I am perhaps not entitled to express an opinion on civic matters, but I devotedly hope all good Calgarians will rise In pro-ten against the Belcher Hospital's request for "unwanted dogs." There is quite enough cruelty in th world today without adding to it unnecessarily, and certainly no real" good has come out of experiments on animals even if the-end did justify the means. JUSTICE FOR ALL, Calgary. I read with disgust about a request to the City Council from the Colonel Belcher Hospital, wanting all condemned dogs in the city pound for medical research. I strongly protest against such an action, as we all know that this would mean untold suffering to dogs, even though they would be anaesthetized. In most cases anaesthetization is greatly ignored in experimental research work, which would mean that dogs would be operated on without being properly anaesthetized.

I frankly agree with the Humane Society, which is strongly opposed to this action In Calgary. I would much rather see my dng dead than have his body used for experimental purposes by any medical research bureau. MRS. EDITH BUSK, Calgary. Transit "Courtesy" Editor, The Herald: Why weren't we, on the Kensington West Calgary route, advise through the paper that during; the evening rush hour, all buses would be re-routed via the Fifh Avenue Northwest lire to speed tip traffic? Instead we had to learn of the change through a very sarcastic driver, who changed his bus sign half way through the downtown area, without announcing the fact.

And then made a fool of an elderly gentleman who questioned him about taking the wrong route. The ensuing conversation proved quite hilarious for the Avenue riders, but. rot for those. who were "taken for a ride." The riders on that bus now know of the chance, but what of the other rush-hour riders, who have ben waiting long periods cf time for a Kensington Road bus? FUZZLED. Canary.

liances sometimes dissolve and fronts shift. During the last war, the Vichy government, which followed the defeat of France by Germany, was at the mercy of France's conquerors. Suppase Pierre Laval had possessed vital information about American atomic development, exchanged with France while France was an active ally, and had been willing to give it to the Germans? Today's ally may be tomorrow's enemy, and vice versa. Italy entered the war on the side of Germany and ended on the side of the allies. The knowledge of German plans possessed by the Italian military were of great value to us.

They would have been of more value if the Germans had completely confided in their Italian companions-in-war, as they did not. Throughout the war there was apprehension that the Soviet Union, which started the war as an of, Nazi Germany, might make a separate peace as it did, after the Bolshevik revolution in the First Great War and bring about a new war constellation. Considerations of many such possibilities lie behind the protection of the most important military secrets agaiast espionage. None have been and are more carefully guarded than thase surrounding atomic weapons. Before the dropping of the bomb revealed its existence, even private discussion regarding It was banned.

Similar strong restrictions cover developments in other countries, in none as stringently as in the USSR. The Soviets, even in a time of clasest collaboration with us, never disclosed weapon secrets, not evenwhat they had discovered from captured German weapons of types being; used on both fronts. Nothing, today, more greatly interests the USA than the development of atomic weapons there. But merely to raise the question of what would happen to a Soviet citizen if he were even suspected of furnishing atomic information to an American answer it. The Rosenbergs, and certainly the Communist party, knew all this.

They knew that if or when they were approached for information by anyone, posing as the agent of any foreign country, they were being asked to perform an act carrying a possible death sentence. Those who believe the law is too severe have had every opportunity to advocate changes. Juries, however, must find under the law as it is. By Stanley Moss James Edward Jackson, 37, a Negro like Winston, Southern regional director of the US Communist Party. William Norman Marron, 50, organizational secretary of New York State Communist Party; born in Russia, went to the US as a child.

All these men have vanished from the heart of America. Yet the FBI do not know hether they are hiding in America or have escaped to Russia. It should also be recorded that Fuchs carried on the mast important part of his spy-work while he was doing research in the States. And Americans like Mr. Lawrence might also ponder over their own recent parallel to our "Cicero" case, in which bellicose extracts from an American general's diary, said to have been photographed in a Frankfort hotel, were put to splendid propaganda use by the Russians.

But perhaps the mast startling col- lapse in security occurred last November, when a flood of letters from American servicemen gave the world its first news of the "thermo-nuclear" explosion in mid-Pacific. The contents of these letters, none of which was censored, provided detailed descriptions and diagrams. The recipients, in all innocence, freely circulated many such reports to the press, thus providing Russia with a fine piece of news. By contrast, British security during the Monte Belio explosion was, so far as we know, absolutely foolproof. During November, too, US Army authorities In Washington said they were "disturbed" to learn that details of their secret atom-proof communications centre had been Lssued in an army publication.

This revealed plans for an underground Pentagon, to be asetj in the event of an air attack, finrj fPet beneath the summit of Raven Rock Mountain, Fort Ritchie. Maryland. The truth is that in both Britain and America the standard of security aince the war has been appalling. But nothing is gained by foolish attemp's to pretend that one country or the other shouid take a major share of the discredit. I call for a truce to this security slanging match.

Instead of indulging in reciprocal back-biMng we misht look w1fh envy at the security record of the Russians. iLonfln Expretl Service. CcpjTlgtty Spies At Large credible that the CBC went to all the trouble and expense of building this 50-kilowatt transmitter for any other reason. But so far as we are concerned it might as well have saved the money and devoted it to some deserving cause such as hiring a couple of good playwrights for Stage 53', for as a transmitter devoted to serving Calgary and Edmonton, CBX is a dead' loss. There must, we suppose, be some good reason for this.

The CBC must have been under the impression, when it decided to build CBX, that CBX would be capable of being heard in the two major cities of Alberta. But the plain fact is that most of the time CBX, while it can be faintly heard through a crackling mist of static, cannot be listened to with any degree of pleasure. When static isn't drowning out the program, the signal is subject to severe and disconcerting fading. We speak principally of our own experiences in Calgary; Edmonton, we are told, is just as bad. Do we have to put up with this forever? CBX was built, in part at least, with the money the CBC collects from Edmonton and Calgary listeners in licence fees.

We see no objection to having a powerful, centrally-placed transmitter designed to reach areas beyond the range of the low-powered local stations, but why doesn't the CBC provide low-powered repeater transmitters to cover the two main cities? Either that, or beef up CBX so that it will provide the coverage for which it was built. The second remark on this subject was made by a Conservative member, Sir Albert Braithwaite, also a recent visitor to Canada. He felt vaguely that "something must be done" about the coarse grains anomaly and mentioned that British manufacturers ought to improve their delivery dates and set up a more efficient system of spares and supplies in Canada. If the British manufacturers and the government would take these remarks seriously and act upon them, their trading position in Canada, and the United States too. would be considerably improved.

This cannot be the solution to the exchange problem, but if the British can guarantee speedier delivery dates and supplies of replacements in this country, Canadians would dearly love to obtain their high quality manufactured goods, and deficit in trade balances with this dollar country might not bo so tremendous. As Graham Towers, governor of the Bank of Canada, said in his annual report, while it is the responsibility of the surplus countries like Canada and the United States to lower trade barriers in the interests of competition, it is the primary re-snoasibility of the deficit countries in the sterling areas "to organize themselves in such a way that they have goods to export." And that means delivering the goods on time as well as having thrm loftily available for export with delivery when the manufacturer feels like it. Exporting Means 'Delivering' Too My only qualification for writing this article is that I was once a secret agent, and therefore know only too well the immeasurable importance of watertight security. I can think of so many spies who ought to be dead, but are not because of their practically unbreakable cover-stories and I can remember many more who should be alive, but are dead only because they overlooked some tiny detail i such as placing a knife and fork together on the plate after eating a Continental breakfast or were not correctly briefed by headquarters. So it seemed natural enough to me that the Americans, faced with the imminent execution of the Rosenbergs, should now look askance at Britain for having released Nunn May.

It is true that the British security record since the war has been shameful. I would be the last to attempt to excuse us for such appalling lapses as the Fuchs, Pontecorvo, Nunn May, Burgess and Maclean cases. But sermons on security from across the Atlantic seem ill-timed and ill-judged. Have the Americans forgotten such blaring security fiascos as the escape of Gerhart Eisier or the disappearance into thin air of seven top Reds in 1951? Three leading Communists who made their escape 18 months ago did so actually while on bail after conviction. So complete was their disappearance that there has been no trace of them since, even though the FBI holds exhaustive dasslers on each of them.

They are: Gilbert Green. 45. chairman of District Eight Communist Party in Chicago. Robert George Thompson, 37, a Daily Worker columnist, awarded the DSC for bravery during the war. He walks with a pronounced limp.

Henry Winston. Nearo Communist leader, is easily recognizable by his pockmarked face. And there are four more Communis' the FBI are hunting. These escaped arrest also in June. 1951.

after being accufed of plotting the violent overthrow of the American government. They are: SHney Sfftihfp. 37. assistant labor secretary of the US Communist Party. Trrd Mnis Five.

a prolific wri'r and lecturer on the Communist platform, visited England in 1350. Members on both sides of the British House of Commons were last week expressing concern over the future of Anglo-Canadian trade and, amid the spate of remedies proposed, a couple of remarks merit British attention. Harold Wilson, the former trade minister made the first, while discussing his solution to the problem of British trade deficits in Canada. Having just returned from Canada, Mr. Wilson claimed to have found "a widespread interest" in the suggestion that some part of Britain's buying in Canada be transacted in sterling and any surplus be held as sterling balances on Canadian account in London.

This solution, by what would undoubtedly be loans, is hardly one in which widespread Canadian interest could be fqund. but the more important thing which Mr. Wilson "discovered" on his recent visit was about export deliveries. He was "horrified" to learn, he said, that there were cases of long delivery dates and of failure to honor promised delivery dates. Why this should surprise him.

we don't know, for Canadians have been pointing this out to their friends in the Old Country pver since the war. Mr. Wilson asked the government for assurance that it was honoring a pledge to give engineering exports to Canada equal priority with defence articles. We hope this pledge is being honored, too. provided it does not mean sacrificing vital deliveries of war goods required in the Canadian defence build-up..