Chicago Tribune from Chicago, Illinois • 9

tbo Brooklyn Fost-Offlco with that of Now York, which wlli, It is promised, eoouro moro expeditious delivery of man matter In Brooklyn, Improve tbo service materially, ovoreomo the confusion existing from different rulings and practices, and save in clerk-biro, rent, gas, and Btaliotiory tbo sum of $31,030 annually. Tho proaout recipients of this sum may regret tbo change, but nobody else would. Tbo Brooklyn newspapers are sent directly to tho Now York Toat-Omco In ordor lo catch tho first mail. BotidcH, Brooklyn needs a guardian. Her morals have become sadly lax lately.

In this hurrying ago wo aro accustomed, in the search tor now modes, now expedients, and now openings, to ovoilook tbo discoveries and usages of tho past. While tbo question of omplojniont for women is being discussed, tbo anclout Episcopal Church has suddenly found an honorable occupation iu tbo labor of tho ministry. This is tho Order of Deaconesses. Bishop Ltttlojobu, of Long Inland, has already admitted twelve ladies to this Order, tbo ceremony of consecrating tbo last occurring a day or two alnco. Tho candidates must bo widow's or maidens, and must servo at least tbroo years.

In preaching a sermon upon this occasion, tbo Biehop pointed out that the ofilco of Deaconess was not a sphere tor the gratification of woman's ambition, but a field for beneficent and quiet Christian work. Tbo adopliou of this Order by other denominations would rescue many worthy clergymen from tho perils of pastoral visitation." Tbo ladies would bo moro confiding to one another, and, though tho dear creatures should talk nil the scandal iu life, they could not make any. Tho Grand Vizier is a wasbod-out sort of au institution nowadays. Civilization has blenched tbo noli romance out of him. Ho no longer rewards favorites with Sultanas, or punishes presumption with bow-string and soimotur.

Tho nows, comes to us that, after suppressing tbo Levant 'Herald for contumacious comments upon him, bo has. commenced suit against the editor tor defamation of character, with the agreement that, if bo win, tbo offending Journalist bo expollod tno country. There was a time wbeu tbo Grand Visior bad uo character to detamo, and was always addiosacd iu superlatives, which gave him no trouble. Now that civilization has invested Primo Ministers with docout reputations, tbo poor follows are obliged to defend them against newspaper assaults. Tbo progress of tho age iu not altogotuor toward the saving of labor.

It was once complained of certain unbelievers that the resurrection from tbo dead would fail to change their skepticism to warm beliof. The Bishop of Verdun can claim to have done so. During tho war, when tbo Prussians bombarded the city, bo was concealed by his faithful followers. and placed iu a secure refuge. It wos given out that bis death bad actually occurred, and musses wore liboially said for the reposeofa soul that still bad au earthly tenement.

Even tbo Pope was induced to make intercession for him. Recently the Kigbt-Rovcroud Bishop bad an audience with His Holiness, and made a dean bronst of it, assuring him that it was unavoidable. Whatever amount of inialhbillty tho Pope maybe decreed to possess in tbo moro important items of doctrine or policy, in trilling matters of fact and accurate information tbo Hoad of the Church cannot begin to compare with some newspaper reporters. The Government of Madras can sympathize wiih tho Association of Chicago. Both aro engaged in the extermination of tho tiger.

Tho destruction of tho man-eater has ceased to be merely amusement for tho Madras sportsman. Like his Chicago namesake, tho tiger usually vanquishes any adventurous huntsman who essays to buch against him. Tho concerted action of natives aud the Government nave succeeded, however, in almost purging the Presidency of those ravenous animals, aud it is believed that, by a steady prosecution of tho good work, they will be exterminated or driven to some more congenial clime. Hero is encouragement for Chicago. It must bo borne in mind, however, that the tlgor of the East has not yot learned the full value of a medical certificate, or gained the sympatoy of high olhoials.

South Boud, is fortunate in possessing among her citizens men of broad and generous aud business sagacity which ace combbicd to benefit tbo at large. Like Chicago, South Bond wanted an extension of her water system, and issued bonds to tho amount of running for twenty years and drawing 10 per cent interest, The Messrs. BtudoboKcr celebrated wagon manufacturers, objecting to this high rate of interest, induced tho Common Council to rescind tho ordinance aud reduce the rate of interest to 8 per cent. They thou assumed tbo whole issue, aud finally disposed of tbo bunds to a wealthy concern in Newark, N. J.

This trausoction will have saved tlio city iu twenty years, at compound interest, 15133,000. In our issue of tho 2d the name of Mr. Alexander Mitchell, of Milwaukee, occurs among tboso of tbs salary-grabbers. How it camo to pass that Mr. Mitchell's name got in lu that connection io out paper wo are at a loss to say, tbo more bo as wo bavo uniformly given him credit for being ono of tho very first to turn tbo backpay over to the United Slates Treasury.

Wo rogrot tbo mistake, spite of tbo fact that wo aro fullyawaro wo misled uo onobyit. Mr. Mitoholi's character is so well known that our readers must huvo observed that it was a mistake. Wo owo this retraction and explanation to Mr. Mitchell, uud it is with pleasure that wo make thorn.

The Now York Herald says that Edwin Booth will open an engagement at Theatre Dec. 11, as arrangements have boon made with his creditors to permit him to do so. Unless these gentlemen contemplated padlocking his mouth, tying a ball to bis graceful leg, or clapping blm bodily into Jail, it docs not clearly appear bow auy action on their part could provout his acting whoa and whore ho pleases. NOTES AND OPINION. The veto for Governor of Missouri, officially dcciated, compares with the voto in 1872 as follows Governor, 1874, Governor, 1872, tVoodaou.

Dam. ...1158,714 tluutry, Bomb Carolina official election returns, as reported to Cho Legislature, give results as follows: Republican, Chamberlain Governor, 60,103 Greco Uongross, 1. Rainey, Loo, 19.663 U. RotU, U.aa* Maitkey If.Oßo McGowan 4. WiU.ft?o KeTNbaW 14,465 6.

Smalls, i Epplug 4,461 Stun Loo, tho black Democrat who was first reported elected, was only beaten by running behind tbo Governor vote In hla district. TUo white Democrats scratobod him. While DemociatP, also, to tho number of 7,500, refused to mippoit F. ping, Independent Republican. In tbo Fifth District, lUibat concerning the Florida Legislature (Not.

24) gives it to tho Democrats by fivo majority. now appears that Penn, Democrat, and not Republican, is elected to Congress in Idaho Territory. Penn was pledged to urgo a division of the Territory, and had a pretty solid voto In North Idaho while Gov. Dennett, opposed to a division, had the voto of South Idaho. Tho North outvoted tho South, and was tbo last to bo board from.

all. Congressman-elect of Indiana who hastened on to Washington only to learn that bis term did not begin until another year has passed into history aud ought not to be ten. But an Alderman of one of our llllaois Cities has actually laid a wager that (he grossuen newest elected (Barney Caulfield et al) take their seals next week. And ho wants to If ho has s-Ths Oarlinville (til,) ifootWrtr calls on orn Democratic members touolto upon 001. William B.

Morrison for Speaker of tho nett House, in Congress. Col. Morrison was formerly Speaker in tbo Illinois Legislature. Congressional pay-roll next year, costing the people $1,400,000 In forward pay to will furnish about fourteen hundred thousand arguments to tbo damage of that political party which disburses tbo money. Tbo political majority in Congress this winter will bo well advised to look out for this.

Tbo Torro Hanto Gazette says: The doop and ilcmlly penalties which the people nro ItillluiSiiK upon Uimo whom llteyliad greatly trusted, nml by whom they wore greatly betrayed, will be ft warning fur all time tn couioto men In public plncrs, ilmt, though tbo pcoplo nro Mow to wrath nml or great mercy, otwo their iro la aroused, iUclr veugoaucois swift and terrible. pay wow stands at $5,000 a year, lu monthly payments. Tbo monthly payments of nil who have certificates of election for tbo Forty-foiutb Congress will hogiu on tho 4th of next Maicb. nine roonlha botoro nwy service will lie performed. Tun Chicago Tuuiu.sk figures up tho gross amount of these payments at 500.

Tide $1,402,500 mto bo advanced to momborn for services which have not boon performed at the time of Kalamazoo (Mick.) Gazette. fool confident that Republicans ns well as Democrats will avoid salary-mats, back-pay Credit Mobdieis, aim Inud-gniut jobs. Tbo lesson taught by the exposure or all manner of frauds practiced for the past number of years by our national nml Stale icg.slutors will be one that our public servants will profit by. But veiy few salary-grabbers were nont back to Congress, oud aspiring cues will lieoulf wurob all proceedings that have a corrupt tendency, and be ready to expose tbo Ogle Orange, aro anxious (o whether tho Republican party will do anything for tbo relief of tho people or not. Tboy have the power In tbo present Congress to do awny with the oppressive tarilf laws that are robbing Western farmers of mdliooa of dollars' have tbo power to abolish the National Banks that aro robbing the people of tboy have the power to check extravagance iu every department of have tho power to repeal In toto tho Salary-Grab have the power to bring to punishment the thieves that have been robbing the National Government ami tbo District of Columbia Municipal have tbo power to put good men In oliico all over tbo laud, and it remains to bo scon whether thene tilings will be done by the Republican party when it bus the power in its own bauds to do so.

County (id.) salnry-grao bad a groat deal to do with tiie defeat of tbo Republican party at the late election, and under no pretense whatever should a grabber receive any consideration from tbo Domociatic majority. Tbo people have emphatically denounced ibu measure, and, if tor no other reason than to testify a regard fur their will, salary-grabbers must be sent to tbo rear, and compelled to take back Freeporl '111 .) Republican party now has tho oppor- tunity offered it to again nstablinh itself iu tiie good graces of tbo people of tuo nation. Tho masses of that party would do it in short order. It remains to be soon whether tbo leaders will improve Ilia uoxt four months and give tbo oppressed people tbo relief they so much need, The people demand that the eulary-grab act which gives to newly-elected members of Congress come umo months 1 pay before they render any service, mid while they are yet at homo attending to tboir own private busmens, shall bo repealed. Those are the renuounblc demands of tbo people, which too party In power can give thorn if they will.

If they do not, some other party will; mid the party that docs heed these demands of the people will he the party to control the nation hereafter. The action of tho Republican party in the nest four mouths will have much to do with its future weal or Champaign (111.) Union. forward-pay feature of this salary law Is but little leas obnoxious than the back-pay grab, for under it a man may draw pay for services which he may never render. Lot tho Republican Congress, whtcu passed tho law, repeal it. This action is demanded by tbo people, and, unless it is repealed by the present juat that much heavier load will the Republicans have to carry in tho next Presidential contest, aud, talk as wo may, that campaign will bo one in which neither party can all'crd to load Kboli down with a surplus of baggage.

There will bo no the in that light, but tho records of both parties will be severely scrutinized, and by their records they must stand or fall. 'We trust, therefore, that a bill will be speedily introduced bv some Republican member for the repeal of the forward-pay section of tbo notary law, and that the Republican Cougres will, without hesitation, puss it. (Joioa) POLITICAL ECONOMY. ProS. Treatise, SOME LEADING WUNCIPLES OF POLITICAL ECONOMY NEWLY EXPOUNDED, by J.

E. CAin.s&i, M. Einoritim Professor of Political In University Cubego, Loudon. Now York: Harper Broliiora, 1874. This book, tbo most remarkable treatise on Political Economy which has nopoared since the publication of John Stuart deals some strong blows at reputation.

It is ono of several signs of a rather saddening process which has been going on in England since death, and perhaps from the date of his career in Parliament as tho member tor Westminster. Hie fame has been exposed to an acid criticism which has oaten intuit on every side. His Parliamentary record gave some slight ground for the tooroady sneer that be was too theatrical to be piactical. Almost his last act in England, just before ho wool to Avignon to dio, was to preside over a mooting which committed itself, and so, by implication, him, to the support of some rathor startling theories about tbo ownership of laud, which shocked and repelled tho mass of intelligent Englishmen. When John Stuart MU! defended the doctrine that tho national increase in tho value of land, independent of the notion, might rightfully bo appropriated by tho State without tho receiving anv compensation therefor, he alienated many koen-eved thinkers, who saw that the worst features of Socialism lurked under such a scheme.

His own failure to see this was solf-iudieted wound. Tho publication of his exposed bis memory and his work to tho Utter attacks of tho religious nreeo, which foolishly accused him of tbo Atheism ho expressly denied, and to tbo semi-contemptuous reviews of tbo secular press, which saw iu that curious book a confession of tbo weakness which every man knows oxints within himself, but of which bo is loth to beliovo his literary or scientific idol can have been guilty. Thou came tho Just-published on Wo have already discussed these, editorially and critically. Wo mention them again only to say that tbs criticism they have excited bus not boon favorable. It has been, as a rule, highly unfavorable.

Tbo reputation of their author has suffered still more through them. Mr. fame is now attacked from another direction. Tbo points upon which Calrnos differs from him aro neither fow nor unimportant. We shall refer to some of them in analysing tbo book.

Tbo of tbo title are la throe classes, tboso of Value, of labor and Capital, and of International Trade. Opposition, .68,814 Mill, as is well known, rejected tho ordinary theory of demand and tmpply. He declared that there could be no ratio between a quantity (supply) and a desire (demand). To this Cairuoa replies that each member of tho equation consiste of a desire, backed by purchasing power. Tho demand for oottou, for instance is a doslro to buy cotton, coupled with a purchasing power in the shape of gold.

Tho supply of cotton ie a doslro to buy gold, coupled with purchasing power in tho shape of cotton. Thus tho two forces, despite Mill, do correspond. They aro, as Calrnos puts it, different faces of tbo samo This is not a more verbal issue. Tbo theory, as proved by the book before us, is a substantial aid in tbo oxplauation of disputed points. It greatly clears, for instance, tho puzzling statement, that demand for commodities is not demand for labor.

Mill's explanation of this is defective, for this, among other reasons that ho uses tho wrong figures. Thus, be says that, if a cloth-manufacturer, who has boon in tbo habit of buying £OO worth of lace every year, should stop doing so and put the £SO Into his business, the maker would thou take £SO out of his nose and use it productively In some other way and that, therefore, a cessation of lids demand fot teumodiUes would really result ia the THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE SATURDAY DECEMBER 5, power of tbo cloth-maoufaotuor and tbo laceirakor botwoen thorn to use XIOO instead of XCO in tbo employment of labor. There aro two grnvo mistakes In this demonstration i In the first plaoo, it is assumed that a manufacturer's capital Is exactly equal to tbo sum of his yearly sales, since tbo docrouso of XSO in tbo sum of tho laco-makor's sales allows him to withdraw XCO from his capital. Secondly, tbo argument, consistently carried out, would show that tbo Tory host thing for labor would bo to bnvo tbo demand for commodities cease entirety I For, if it did, ovory manufacturer, by this aupposltlon, would forthwith have a free capital, equal to tbo aggregate of bis annual sales, to invest iu tbo employment of labor, to meet tbo demands that would surely arise after a short tlmo. Compare with this treatment Prof.

lucid exposition of tbo theory. Ho regards the question from two points of views When tho aggregate demand for commodities baa not increased, but haa changed its direction, and when the aggregate demand has increased. In the first case, it is evident (hat no tnoro labor can bo employed, and that there will simply bo a transfer of labor from one industry to another. In tho second, the reasoning is as follows: Sinco demand moans desire, coupled with purchasing power iu material form, there can bo no increased aggregate demand without an increase in the aggregate supply. For, if the supply of goods adored for sale has not increased, bow can tbo demand, the purchasing power of which consists of these samo goods, have Increased? Moro demand, therefore, involves a greater production of wealth.

Other things being tbo same, this increased production moans an increase In tbo capital of tbo country. This, of course, involves the employment of mote labor since tbo amount of labor in a country is measured by tho amount of capital. It is evident, then, that the demand for commodities is not a demoud for labor. Inasmuch as both tboao demands ara caused by the increase of capital. Wo have given this demonstration at length, not only because it is an admirable illustration of tbo subtlety and nicety of Prof.

reasoning, but because tbo position bo defends so triumphantly has recently been bitterly attacked by school of economists, chief among whom is W. T. Thornton, who says, in bis book Labor," that demand for commodities is as much demand for labor as demand for beef is demand for bullocks. The next essential difference between Cairnes and Mill is on another subdivision of value. What fixes value is a question to which tbo two givo answers that by uo moans coincide.

Mill says that value depends upon cost of production. and analyzes this cost into wages and profits; that is, tbo wages of laborers and the profits of previous producers. Thus the cost of production is to him what tho capitalist pays for the finished product. This is radically wrong. Cairuos Justly says of (his reasoning, point of view is shifted from tbo ground of human interest to the partial and limited standpoint of tbo capitalist employer." Coat is confounded with tbo reward of cost.

Cost la sacrifice. The cost of production consists of labor, which is tbo sacrifice of the laborer; wages or abstinence, which is Die of the employer and risk, which is tbo common sacrifice of both. To put this iu another way, tho coat of production to capital is wages to labor, wotk. 21111 ignores the latter element, and considers the cost to capitol as the cue index of value. Tills error is fundamental.

Tbo Protectionists of this country roly upon it when they plead that tbo high wages of American labor make it impossible for the Ameiican manufacturer to compete with foreign rivals wilbemt tbo aid of abigbtaiilT. They reckon cost of production, and so value, simply from the standpoint of the capitalist. Hitherto, tboy have beou ablo to quota Mill's potent authority iu defense of this reasoning. Hereafter that authority, so far as this point Is concerned, will be valueless. cak defense of temporary protection in a young and growing country perhaps, have been due to bis erroneous estimate of the cost of production.

Perhaps tbo most etriklnf? feature of Prof. book 1b division of the labor of o.u'U country into non-competing layers. Ho rougldy estimates that there aro four noncompeting classes: unskilled laborers, artisans, highly-skilled mechanics, and members ol tbo learned professions. Each of these independent groups is like an independent country. That is, tbo sum of its exports must discharge tbo sum of its liabilities.

Each group must produce enough to pay for all it buys from other groups. In this exchange between groups, cost of production does not, according to Prof. Cairnes, bx value but the law of. demand and supply does. Tbo JtecieiD, in a Icugcby criticiam of tbo book, says, happily enough, that tbo assertion that demand and supply fix valuco between groups amounts to oaying that things exchange in tbo proportion in which tboy do exchange.

The theory of uon-compotiug industrial groups io ono of substantial value. Its almost entire truth will doubtless ho at once recognized. Thoro is scarcely any competition, in the strict soufo of the word, between a lawyer and a bricklayer. Prof. Cairnes is tbo first economist to make this foot fact which will beioaftcr enter into tbo discussion of nlmos tevory politico-economical question.

His deduction from it, that group-values nro fixed by demand and supply, is, however, unfounded. The real factor ol those values la the efficiency, the skill, the productive power, of the different groups. Strangely enough, by overlooking this palpable fact, bns failed to find the law which governs wages. Bo says: as skill, produces no effect upon Ho falls into this error on account of a wrung definition of skill. Thus, be says Chat the great skill displayed in tbo composition of a first-claim book is not remunerated in proportion to the skill shown in products of a different order.

But, if wo define skill, us wo rightly may, as the power of practically applying uu art or a science, it is evident that this power docs affect value. If tbo author baa tbo ability to adapt his book to practical purposes as thoroughly ns the skilled artisan can adapt his work, ho will receive a proportionately greater remuneration. It Is safe to say that the general law of wages is this: A man gets pay lu proportion to ins efficiency. Despite some exceptions, tbo law is so universal that it prevails not only between individuals of tho same industrial group, but between those of different groups aud different countries. Thus, Mr.

Brnssoy shows, iu and that tbo cost of constructing a mile of railroad, in any part of tbo world, is substantially tho same. This could not bo true uuloes labor wore paid according to its efficiency. Prof. mistake iu the meaning of skill has hid this truth from him. It is a common error to raok labor as a commodity, and argue as if it, like commodities In general, obeyed tho law of supply and demand.

Cairnos shows that this is not so, because the supply of other words, tho production of affected but slightly by the do. mand for labor. An eutlrely-iudopeudent force of tho strongest passions of Into play. Its workings cannot bo calculated with certainty. One of tho moat interesting chapters in tbo history of Economy is that which relates tho varying fortunes of the wagos-fund theory.

Mill flist propounded it, aud, in fact, baptized it. It is, In brief, this i Tho amount of tho wagos-faud, which is tho part of used to pay the cost of labor, is a certain definite part of tbo whole capital, So Mr. Mill said. Thornton attacked this view. Ho argued that It was absurd to say that a certain proportion of capital must, in obedience to law, form a wagesfund, whether tho capitalist wished it or not, Mill, In a notable article in the Fortnightly Jlouiew, confessed that ho was wrong aud bio assailant right.

Now Calrnos shows that Mill was wrong in laying that he waa wrong, inasmuch as the theory he invented is right. Thornton mistakes tbo moaning of Tbo which determines tbo ratio of tbo wogos-fuud to tho whole capital is precisely like tbo law which makes a man oat wbou ho is hungry and sloop when ho Is tired. It la profitable for him to oat, to sloop, and to dovoto a certain part of his capital to paying wages. Therefore, bo docs nil Unco things, although bo is not forced to do either ot thorn. So Mill was right until be said ho was wrong.

Cairuos enumerates throe causes which fix tho propor- tion of tbo wages-fund to capital: They aro tho strength of tho desire of accumulation, tho opportunities for profitable investment, and tho character of tho national industries. This schedule Is unscientific. Tho last of tbo tbroo is tbo only cause which fixes tho ratio of tho wsgcs-fuml to tho whole capital, or, in other words, makes it profitable for tbo employer to spend such-and-such a share of bis capital in paying wages. Prof. Cairuos thinks little of tbo power of trades-unions to raise wages.

They can do so, bo says, only when tho Increase is tbo nlf," and cure to como at any rate. Thou they may, perhaps, hastou it. This part of bis book will doubtless call out some earnest replies. Tbo ForlmghHy lievieto for November contains a crlllcism, mainly devoted to tbo refutation of this statement. Calrues, like Mill, believes tbab Uio bosk hope of Ibo laboring classes for the future lies in co-operation.

Tbo third part of tbo on International tbo Protective policy of tbls country at length. It Is an able Indictment of able that tbo Froo-Trudo League might well reprint it separately for distribution throughout tbo country. Cairoos quotes an extract from David A. report for 1869, which deserves to bo quoted again. The report says i In tbs summer of 1807, tbo Industries of Europe, tbo Gominiseluuor vieUed a factory, tbo pmiuctu of which bad for many years found au market lu tbo United States.

Tbo product being staple, and ibo Industry one Ibutll whs exceedingly desirable nbould bo extended in tbo United Slates, tbo Commissioner studied the process of manufacture with great care, from the selection of tbo raw material to the packing of tbo finished product; tbo rates of wages; tuu Intelligence of tbo operatives and tbo hours of When bis Investigation was completed, llio Commissioner said to tbo foreign man whoso namo is a household word in bin own country for integrity and philanthropy: Tbo duty on tbo import of those Into tbo United mates is, respectively, U5 per cent nd valorem uml SO par cent mi valorem and uO cents pur pound 5 if you have Riven mo your prices, products of machinery, uml cost of labor, correctly, I do net well see bow you could export your fabrics to tbo United States, ovou if tbero wore substantially no duty, as tbo advantage of raw material mainly upon our I am sometimes at a loss myself to account for tbo course of was tbo reply but perhaps it will von to a coucimdou if I tell you that, some time mo, finding ourselves pressed wltu German competition, wo throw out our old machinery and replaced it with new and improved pattern and the machinery by us rejected woo sold to go to tbo United Tbo owners of this second-hand machinery have since nuked and got more for Its products. It is paying a dubious compliment to a writer on Political Economy to say that be resembles Buskin; but this la true, In a good souse, of Prof. Cairuos. Mill makes man, economically considered, a mere machine. Ho says: blcouomy is concerned with nan solely as a being who desires to possess wealth, and who capable of judging of the comparative olTicacy of moans for obtaining that end.

It makes entire abstraction of every other human passion or motive, except aversion to labor, and desire for the present enjoyment of costly This has boon tbo usual doctrino ever since. Buskin revolted from it, protested that man was nut wholly selfish, and that no theory that made him a machine could stand the tost of practice. Cairuoa takes this name view, without going to tbo wild extremes of Buskin. Ho lays strcsii on tbo subordiuato influences which retard or quicken the working of the main laws of the science. Thus, bo shows how tbo maxim that capital flows to tbo points where it can bo most profitably invested is modified by the race, religion, custom, prejudice, ignorance, love of country, fear of public opinion, of the Individual capitalist.

He imitates, in this, the first of tbo economists, Adam Smith, who was Professor of Moral Philosophy at Glasgow, and taught Political Economy as a branch of Moral Philosophy, Prof, volume, is as wo have said, tho pjost romarkablo work ou Political Economy that has appeared siuco great book was published. Ira style is clear. Its argument is profound. It is not a book for boys or amateurs but tho trained student will enjoy its every page. PERSONAL.

IN CHICAGO. Attorney Read returned bomo from Waukegan last evening, where bo baa boon for tbo past fow days conducting tbo prosecution of tho Qago case. Phil Hoyno was quito surprised to receive yesterday a commission from the Court of Commission of Alabama Claims, at Washington, appointing him Commissioner for the State of Illinois to receive testimony from such Illinoisans ns may hare little accounts to present against Johnny Bull ou account of tho depredations of tho Aianama. Detective Tyrrell, ono of the most oflicient raou on tho city police force, Ims resigned, and accepted a position on the staff of Chief Washburn, of the United States Secret Service. He has worked up some good cases during tho short time he has boon ou duty in this cay, notable among which was tho arrest and conviction of Jim Barron.

Ho canics with him tbo best wishes of liia brother oliicors, and all those who have come in contact with him. Yesterday evening about 5 o'clock, tho Hon. Carter H. Harrison stopped into tho office of tho Clerk of tho Criminal Court, and announced bis picsuoco to Jim Doyle and Tom Judge, with the following iutarrogaliou: 1 say, boys, do you think a man incompetent to represent an intelligent constituency in Congress, who is so absent-minded au to walkover town on aadisagreeable an evening as this, forgetting that bis norso and buggy were hitched in front of tho budding awaiting Ida pleasure to drive bomo?" Jim and Tom answered they thought not. Mr.

Harrison then explained that ou leaving the County Commissioners room, where ho bad boon engaged during tho afternoon in attendance upon a mooting of tbo County bo was mot by a friend, who button-holed him, and engaged him in conversation. They walked aa far uu Madison street before tho member of Congress olccc remembered that his horse and buggy woro awaiting his convenience in front of the County Building, on tho North Side, where he had hitched tbo team early in the afternoon. nit. AKINS. My friends who tendered mo and my agonized family their affectionate sympathies and tueir moral support, und who manifested so much regard for mo as a physician and a gontlotnun, during tho into crying ordeal through which an gambler caused mo and niino to pass, mil accept this acknowlomout of their generous affection, To adhere to aud ovinoo unwavering confidence in a man charged with tho highest crime tho criminal calendar, bofoia ho has boon proven innocent, requires and gives ovidonco of a faith in uis honor, manhood.

and Christian character truly creditable to him. To tho many medical goutlomon who assured mo of myUonoiablo and triumphant vindication, from their knowledge of tho facts in tho case, I extend most cordial thanks. To all tho officers aud men of tho West Side Police Station offer my heartfelt thanks lor courtesies and kindness. To tho public I need only soy that this dastardly attack is one to which any medical gentleman, however eminent, is liable at tho hands of every miscreant and scuuudrol who employs them. W.

T. Akins, HI. 1). Mo. Oil) tiouth State street, Deo, 0,1674.

HOTEL AKUIVALS. Palmer William Hiatt. Cincinnati; W. Hibbard, Milwaukee: Isaac Nowhouse, Philadelphia Moses Lone, Milwaukee i N. M.

Lander, Toledo Major Irvine, Fort Garry; Q. M. Chittendon, Now York; Q. L. Fort, Locon; Horatio Carter, Boston; W.

M. Jackson, St. J'uut. Orand Willi Am fl. Svright, Bt, Paul; J.

B. Parsons, Now York; John 0, Noyce, St. Louie; Hugh Ward, Brooklyn J. B. Bumaoy, Omaha; George Judd, Sprlngfloldj M.

H. Ooobratio, Canadat H. Jameson, Oluoiuuatli J. U. Mow York; J.

B. Hawley. Bock Island. Sherman 0. Anderson, Minnesota; B.

P. Hoduon, Boston; 0. 0. Adame, Xludaou; John 1. Cook, Now York; William Hwa Ysnhton; J.

M. Avinsttomr, Davnnporti 0. D. Jaokaon, New OtUini; ft. Hogg) Boiled 1 A.

M. Murdoch, Memphis. Trcmont L. Boughton, Now York: L. Bowles, Philadelphia: F.

C. Nvo, Now York; G. O. Oamfiohl. Genova Lake; W.

W. Hill, Loganstort; O. F. Baird, Tllilu; M. H.

Williams, Dixon; D. F. Grier, Peoria; W. B. Holden, Hartford; Henry Taylor, Baltimore.

KI.HBWHKIIE. SpniNdFiETjU, 111., Doc. Utter, Superintendent of Public instruction elect, was In the city to-day gathering information concerning the duties ami requirements of hlsofiloe. Bo intends next week to visit Ohio, York, Michigan, and Pennsylvania, to exanuno into tholr Byatoms ot promoting and sustaining common schools. Mr, Qoorgo Pipe, foreman in charge of the stonework at tho now fell a distance of 25 feet this morning, sustaining serious, if uot fatal, Injuries.

Mayers-elect In Massachusetts: Fitchburg, Oapt. Eugene T. Milos; Holyoke, W. B. 0.

Pearsons; Now Bedford, Abraham H. Howland; Newton, James F. O. Hyde. Miss Pollard, tho Binghamton milliner, reported to have fallen heir to $200,000 through ho death of an uncle in California, receives only $30,000 by said uncle's death.

Qoorgo H. Hurlbut, only son of tho Representative iu from the Fourth Illinois District, was married last week in Peoria, Tho nowiy-woddod pair will, it is reported, spoad tho winter in Washington. Charles P. Baacom having purchased tbo halfinterest iu tbo Princeton (ill.) Itepublican of Lowis J. Colton, tho paper will hereafter bo conducted under the firm name of Bailey A Baacom.

Mr. Bailey will continue to occupy tbo editorial chair. Bailie Peyton, a noted Whig member of Congress from Tennessee forty years ago, is named as quite likely to be chosen to tbo next CongrossTn tbo Fourth District of Tennessee, at a special election Dec. 31, to fill tbo vacancy in tbo now delegation caused by tho death of Col. John W.

Head. Mr. Peyton entered Congress in 1833, was President Fillmore's Minister to Chili, and was a Boil-Evorett Elector in 1800. Judges Parson (Republican) and Woodward (Democrat), tho two Supremo Judges elect of Pounaylvaula. have cast lots foe priority of commission, and Parson won it.

The value of this is, that Parson becomes entitled, by and by, to tbo position of Chief Justice, to the exclusion of tbo other, both to live out their term of twcuty-ono years. In the popular vote, Woodward bout Parson by minority principle electing the last named. THE GRANJD ENCAMPMENT. Parade of tho Knlglds Templar in New Orleans Lotus Awarded Hie Prize tor tho Best Prilled especial Dispatch to The Chicago Tribune. New Ouleans, Dee.

Oraud Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States turned out in grand parade, to tlio number of several thousands. They presented a magnificent appearance upon tbo streets, and displayed unexpected proficiency in drill. On tbo march they formed crosses, triangles, and squares; broke from single into linos of tbroos, fours, and sixes; wheeled by fours and into lino again kept sabres, at sbouldor apart, crossed from band to band, and at prosout, with tbo precision of veteran soldiers. Gens, Emory, flood, Gibson, and Jones, who acted ns judges, witnessed tbo procession from tbroo places on tbo lino of march, and awarded tbo silver service for finest appearance and greatest proficiency in drill to St, No. Old it was difficult to decide between tbo mortis of ibis Commandory and those of Ascalou Commaudery, of St.

Louis: lined Commandory, of Dayton, Ohio; aud Chicago No. 10. I'boro wore representatives from nearly all tbo States and Territories. This evening many buildings of tbo city aio Illuminated in honor of tbs visitors, and receptions aud balls aro given in tbo different public balls. Many Templars loft for tbeir homes this afternoon, after tbo paiado.

The Grand Encampment bad a protracted session to-day, and late to-night, discussing tbo work of the Order. An effort bad boon made to prescribe a uniform dress aud work for the entire jurisdiction, but, at a late hour, the session was stilt going on without a decision having been reached. Associated New Ouleans, Doc. 4. parade of tbo Knights Templar to-day was a grand affair.

The buildings along tbo Uuo of maren were decorated with national dago and banners, aud tbo streets wore crowded with spectators. The prize offered by tbo Louisiana Jockey Club fur boatdrilled and bout-appearing company was awarded to St. Louis Commandory No. 1. In obedience to Mayor proclamation, tbo City-Hull was closed to-day in nonor of the visiting Sir Knights.

Tbo courts wore closed, and business generally throughout tbo city was suspended while tbo procession was moving. The Pickwick Club, St. Charles Hotel, Masonic Hall, and many oibor buildings, aio brilliantly illuminated to-uigbc. There are grand balls to-night at the Exposition, Groouwold, and Odd Follows Halls, given by tbo local Commauderies iu honor of their visitors. THE HAWAIIAN MONARCH.

Ho Is Liberally Shown About by tlic Sail Franclscouun Gruciiugs H3ctweeu ISoyul and President Grant. Ban Pbancisco, 800. 4. King Kalakaua visited tho Western Union Telegraph oftico today, inspected all tho departments, and exchanged compliments with President Grant and tho Mayor of Chicago. The Pavilion was illuminated.

To-night the King is to witness a review of the Second Regiment by Gov. Booth, Col. John McComb commanding. To-morrow morning the King and suite will start for Washington. Washington, 1).

0.. Dec. telegraph oflicoa of tho Western Union Company in Sun Francisco and tho State Department in Washington were put in direct communication this afternoon, and the following correspondence was conducted: KALLSAUA TO THE mr.KLDENT, Ban riiA.Noisco, Dec. 4. the Prtlidentqf the Suites Kalakuua, Ring of the Hawaiian Island, sends to his great and good friend, tbo President of tho United Slates of America, lie ockuowloUgea a generous reception, characteristic of warm-hearted people, and will hasten to express In person those sentiments of sincere respect and lusting friendship entertained towards tbo President of tbo great nation bo so worthily represents.

THE UEI'LY. Washington, Dec. 4. The President of the United Stales extends tho cordial welcome of the nation to bis great uud good friend, His Royal Uiflinciu Kalakuus, ou bln arrival In the United Hinton, and tenders bis personal congratulations on tbo safely of his voyage. Tbo President anticipates with groat pleasure tbo opportunity of a personal greeting, amt assures His Highness of tbo sincere friendship which, in common with tho people of tho United States, ha entertains for His Royal Highness, and hopes that his journey neroaa tho continent may be guarded by a kind Providence, SPECIAL NOTICES.

Mandrake Will bo found to poismalhoao gualltlux nocosmryto tbs total eradication of all billlous attacks, prompt to start tho of tbo llvor, uud giro a lioallliy tono to tbo CDtlro system. Indood. It Is no ordinary discovery In cat bclouco to bavo invented remedy for thoso stubborn complaints, which develop nil tho results produced by a borotoforo free uauof calomol, a mineral Justly droaded by mankind, and acknonlodgod to bo dostruotlro in tbo extreme to tho human system. That tbo properties of certain vegetables comprise all the virtues of calomol without its Injurious toadoaoios, is now an admitted fact, rendered indisputable by icloullflo researches; andtboso who uso tbo Mandrake Pills will be fully satisilcd that tbo best medicines are those provided by nature In tbo common herbs and roots of the holds. Tbeso Pills open tbo bowels aud correct aUblllioua derangements without salivation or auy of tbo injurioua effects of calomol or otlior poisons.

Thu sooroUoa of bile Is promoted by those Pills, as will bo seon by (bo altered color of the stools, and disappearing of tbo aallow complexion and cleansing of (betongue. Amolu directions lor accompany each box of Pills. Prepared only by J. 11. SOHKNOK SON, at their principal olHco, corner Sixth aud Philadol- and for sale druggists aud dealers.

Price, (A cents porboi. NOTICE. ILLINOIS CMTRAL I SPECIAL NOTICE. Commencing Baiuiday, Doo. 8, Louii Night Itx.

Cuioaga at p. will run tbiougu to St. story ulgbt, ruaouiug Si. Louii s(BdSa. ouo Tho Cairo and New Orliuoi Night Exoran will alto run JVvty night botwooo Chicago ami OouiraUa, arriving at nntrallant a.

m. fur Cairo aud tbo South leaving Chicago oa Batavdai Will UavaOvulraya CHRISTMAS PRESS: SILK, ALPAOA, G-ING-HAM UMBRELLAS, 1 SUPERIOR TO ANY OTHER MAKE, Manufactured nml for sale by WILLIAM -A-- DBOWH 240 A hit niTTB RF.TAIT.E tl FOR OUR MAKE WHICH HAVE OUR NAME ON TUB BUTTON InD EMIDM. OUR NAME IS ONLY ON SUOH QUALITIES AS WJ CAN CONFIDENTLY RECOMMEND. HOLIDAY TiOIMI We are offering special inducements in Fine Goods, for Holiday and Birthday Presents, Testimonials, at our old stand, 266 268 TOASMY. iffi, 61.

wIII find our stock full, and our prices os low as Kastcrn matiufacturors and linnorlors. NOTIONS. Chm. Gossage Holiday Goods! We have just added to our large and attractive list of articles suitable for Christinas Gifts, extensive invoices of new and rare novelties in Persian Woods; Bronze, Mosaic, Ivory, Pearl, and Crystal Goods; Toilet, Odor, and Dressing Cases; Work Boxes, Mecessaires, Glove and Hdkf. Boxes, Toilet Glasses, Writing Desks, Cabinets, Bronze Inkstands, Jewel, Watch, and Cigar Cases; Cuff and Collar Boxes, Card Cases, Toys and Dolls, with an assortment of Evening and Opera Pans, especially choice, adding daily during the coming week new and appropriate goods Less than Usual 106,108 110 State-st, 00 02 Wasliington-st.

RICHMOND PRINTS. Biiiii PRINTS Oliocolate Standard (Copyrighted Ticket), AND Gray (Copyrighted Ticket), Recommend themselves to users of Calico for their DURABILITY OP COLOR, BEAUTY OP DESIGN, STRENGTH OP CLOTH, and fitness for all seasons. NOTHING BETTER FOB DAILY WEAR OB A CHRISTMAS GIFT TO FRIENDS. FOB SALE BY DRY GOODS DEALERS. PIANOS.

Wia New Patent Agraffe APPJjIKD to every string, the GHIGKERIIG Par excels any Flano made in the world. The sweetness and volume of tone are greatly increased, and the dinging quality so much sought after by all makers, is wonderfully sustained. Those instruments can by procured for cash or on time, nt reasonable prices, at Temple of Music Cor. Vnn Ilmen Chicago. FIRM CHANGES.

DISSOXVUXXOM Tbo copartnership berotoforo oiMlng botwoon John JlttHor, Juceb bailor, and Dnuiol I''. Fast, uudor tlio firm usmo u( J. D. Jlaiior A is tills day dissolved by mutual aousout, Jsoub Easier retiring (rum tbo tmu. JOHN V.

EASTKU, JACDH P. UA6TKK, pAMELF. Fast. The business will bo continued by Jobs D. Easfor, Dan.

lei F. Fait, and Henry V. amltn. trim imvo formed a partnership uuder tbo firm name of J. Faster A Co.

JOHN O. EASTER, D.vNim, p. fas Chicago, Deo. 1, 1674. HENRY V.

SMITH. mssoi. cjtioiv The partnership heretofore cx'r Ing under tbo firm name and stylo u( b.Jonulngs A business ut seo West Cbloogo, is this day dissolved by mutual o'jniem, Cyrus Pratt haring retired. Ttto business will ba ottmaued as usual under tbo firm nsuio oi K. nlous A Co.

Witusss our bands Ibis Ist day of Dscombar A. D. 1874, E. JKNNINQB, LUNG iTHIiCT, A. PULLMAN, C.

N. PrtATf. Tbo undersigned hato ibis day formed a copartnership under tbo firm natuo of J. if. Warren A fortUu truutaoUun of a general Jobbing sad msuufsoturtpgpilnt, oil.

aud gluts business, at I7f itunduijm.it,, Chicago, iiwb.vt, i. ur.ifi.nnrjT.iji«. 408 awl 500 BROAUWAY, Now York, HOLIDAY PRESENTS. PRESENTS. Fine Geneva and American Watches and Chains, French Clocks and Ornaments, Elegant Coral, Cameo, and Gold Jewelry, Silver and Silver Plate.

illslUj BBSs Giaj 266 208 WMH-AY. Goods sunt. on approval to any psrt of tbo Northwest. nidus a Sacrifice AT THB GREAT TOT SIDE DRY GOODS HOUSE CARSON, PIRIB CO. Madison and Are offorinE several Job Lots of Ribbons ut from a quarter to half former prices, amuun which are the following: 1,000 pieces Grog Grain and Watered Col.

orod Ribbons, inches wide, at 10 cts ycl 000 pieces 0.,2. to 3 inches wide, at 150 yd 1,200 pieces do.j to inches wide, at 2S cts yd. 700 pieces Rich Colored Moire Antique Ribbons, 2W to inches wide, imported to sell for rl, for 25 and 30 cts yd. Rich Black all-silk Sash Ribbons. 60 cts yd, Black, all-silk, Gros Grain Sash, 7 inchox wide, for 00 cts yq, worth Sl.lo* Assorted Job Lot Colored and Plaid Saab Ribbons, 40 cts yd.

600 Colored Windsor Ties ntls ots each. The Richest and Finest Assortment of Fancy Silk Tics in the city. Largo assortment Bilk Mufflers, from 50 ots upwards. RICH AND STYLISHIILLINEEY AT POPULAR PRICES. Feathers, Flowers, TTntrimmod Hats, and all JUillinory Goods, at close profits.

CLOAKS, UNDERWEAR, LOOK if THIS! anil Hosiery aid Underwear AT COST! For 3 Days Only! This is a rare chanco to got Hosiery and Underwear cheap, and ladies who care to SAVE MONEY will do well to look at onr prices before purchasing elsewhere. NO TROUBLE TO SHOW GOODS. JIMIM, 224 228 W. MADISON-ST. OPEN EVERY EVENING TILL 9 GREAT REMCTIOiS! 228 cor.

Re oria. WI WBXi OFFER THIS BAIT 500 Eeam-Beaded Clotii (Ms! At $3, $4. $5, $7, and SW, reduced from SU. 83, gll, and 830. aro ohon Goods uror olVorocl in Chicago, A Iso, Ibroo l.ncllos Cotton and Und-irwoar altoconta on Ibo sl from former KM llozon Imported at 45, 75.

sl, if I.Mi, and two Madam Fojr's Curjumat 5 coots. worth 51.50; Khi-Gloros aislft, 75 conts, ami BJ. worm SI, and ul Ladl at 45, 75 coat and gl; Rl Ll), 7o cents, I. and 7.00 iKiirion und at Ml ccDls, worth SUI Foil at 75 com wort a Hi) Ktnlmddnrod Glii ik.i a half price. Li.uW lloslflry amt (Jem UnUornoar loW prims; lllrtck Alpaca Suits nt 45 on tli-i 8 1.

Lartisa fcViould como oarly to avail tbcinaoWos a thaw NOMOBBBTOS. To Hoarding, Ifotol. and Monrokcopons Koopfoitr cluuo irum biiyj by ushic Iron Aro I a nsalatbu belt in tluluaco mul thnmjthout 1C 9 West. by mall prcrnpily atnmdod at ttia CHICAGO IKON 141 Factory, GEO. H.

CUSH.I3TG, tus BKsiovr.o to 174 onoosite ibe Palmar House. Piftli-av. Office. M's Tsluu. WORKS on MAN.

Phronology, Physiology, Physlouaomy, Psychology, Hygiene, £lto. published by S. it. WELLS, by tbo Rollglo. Philosophical Publishing lluuio, corimr Adumt-it.

uci Chicago, HI. 6oud stamp fur catalogues, wlUi and priuos. Piles and Fistula nltuoji Bnht, No pay until amruil. Mllo.iKLl A SKELY, UU West Oulca houiu, 0 to Lin. m.

aud i to 6 p. iu. TiailQ MSI RIBBONS..