Springfield News-Sun from Springfield, Ohio • Page 2

-'fc V.ifHe": "-it ir 'fAM aBBgejasHMRMpM-r. uiiii GLOBE REPUBLIC. SUNDAY MOBNOStls DECEMBER 5 1886 '-niKO e1 31 ffflf DANCES OF TnEDAKOTAIIS SOMETHING ABOUT AN INDIAN NATION'S SINGULAR The Medicine Men and Their Welril Incantations Torture that It Terrible and Self Inflicted Meaning- of the lranres. rSltvUl ConvsxiondenMO Fort Tottex, Devil's Lake Aoexct, D. T-, Nov.

27. Tlio Indians of the Sioux or Dakotah nation are supposed to numlier about UX They an scattered over an immense territory, extending from the Mississippi river on the east to the Black hills on the west, and from the mouth of the Big Sioux river on the south to Devil's lake (Hudson bay territory) on the north. During my acquaintance with the Dako-tahs I have learned something about their dance and the significance they bear. The study has been an interesting one to nie, and I have here set down a few memoranda of two of the more important They are really weighty ceremonies in tribal life. THE MEDICINE DANCE.

The waukan waeipi (sacred or medicine dance) Li in fact the religion of the Dakotabs. After selecting a suitable spot on a smooth prairie, notched sticks about three feet long are driven a little nay into the ground at intervals of about ten feet, forming an elliptical inelosure. Upon these they lay saplings or rails, over which canvas tents are thrown. At each end of the inelosure a tent is pitched. One is occupied by the chief medicino men or high priest, who are always chiefs of the tribe, and the other by the -soldiers." The meetings of the council are held in the medicine tent, and there the medicine or jiazuhita waukan is kept.

Toe soldiers' duly is to preserve order, wait upon the dancers, prevent outsiders from intruding or even leaning upon the barricade, procure needed articles, etc When needing tents they are allowed to throw down any tent and take it Should an owner grumble, the tent taken is either burned or otherwise rendered unlit for future use. Those who wish to see the dance may do so by standing and looking over the barricade, but they must not touch it Should any one lean ujion the barricade ho is not a member of the dance, he is struck one blow (no more) by a soldier with his stick not of sufficient force to injure one, but a gentle reminder. Be he a chief or white man, it is all the same, and woe is his if he seek to resent the blow. Immediately in front of the soldiers' tent a large fire is built, here during the dance buffalo and ox meat and wild turnips are cooked. Should a dog come into the ring during the ceremonies the poor brute Immediately killed, the body painted yellow and allowed to remain in that state to appease the Deity.

SIXGERS AXD DRUMMERS. The medicine chiefs having tnken their places and the soldiers theirs, the members come in by families, and, standing in a line facing the chiefs, in unison throw up their hands and cry. "Brother, have mercy on me!" Then they relate when and where they were initiated into the mysteries of the "holy order." (Each dance, it should lie understood, is Uie ceremony of some religious or other order.) They then intone a sort of chant to the high priest, at the soma time holding their medicine bags in their left hands with arms stretched across their breasts; the right hand is meanwhile raised as when an oath is taken. In this the members of each family follow the motion of its head, then in single file they trot around the circle crying, "Have mercy on me, friend and brother," until they reach the starting place, when they intone another chant, this time to the Great Spirit (Waukantanka), and with their medicine bags point to the four points of the compass. They then seat themselves on the ground against the barricade, facing the circle.

A chief who has been appointed to the otfico of high priest now takes his seat inside the medicine tent, where be preaches and sings, after appointing four assistants from among the members. To one is given a small drum, to the second a pillow and stick, to the third a gourd and rattle; the fourth assists in singing. These all sit around the high priest They have also a large drum (usually a cowhide stretched over a cheese box or a wash tub), on which seven or eight drummers constantly drum, singing the while without cessation. The priest now exhorts his bearers to good deeds, and speaks of the holy dance as on institution founded centuries ago. When he is done all the members rise anil dance by alternately raising the feet with a sidewise motion of the liody, at Intervals crying, as at the beginning, -Brother, have mercy on me!" The officiating chief then takes the drum and leaves the tent, followed by his assistants.

Commencing slowly, then faster and faster, they trot around the circle again. All stop in front of the soldiers' tent, facing the west, when the chief brags some more of the antiquity of the rite and the power of tho medicine, declaring that he can at will thrust a bird claw or a stone from the river into the body of any one he wills, thus producing instant death. To prove this elaborate ceremonies are gone through with. Afterward, at a signal, all congregate around the big drum aud dance and sing a monotonous kind of a chant, the women, on the outside of a ring formed by the men. imitating the peculiar call of the female swan, the men chanting in a sepulchral tone, which seems to lose itself in their throats.

The combination is not entirely unmusical. Wljen a candidate is to be initiated into the order be is first taken into the medicine tent for instructions, which are secret There he is stripped, painted black head to foot, and a red spot is painted between the shoulder blades. When the candidate comes out of the medicine tent he is clad only in a breech cloth, very small apron and moccasins. Four preachers in turn exhort the candidate, recite the history of the dance and the order, adding that should he be a good member his medicine will be strong. He must give feast once a year; if not, ho will be unfortunate and will meet with sick-n! and death.

If CANDIDATE. ho is good, the Great Spirit will have merry on him; if not, fie Great Spirit will le angry and expulsion from the order will follow. After ihis the candidate receives the holy claw or a stol from one appointed to cast it, who takes hit medicine lag and with it traces th courseof the sun, ami turns to the four quarters iM nays: 'Xoiv prepare yourself. I am going to transfer to you what I have in my medietas bag;" and thrusting his bag toward the candidate says: -How! There goes the Spirit!" (Sometimes this is called "shooting" the candidate.) At these words the candidate, who is kneeling on a blanket, falls prone upon the ground, to all apjiearanco dead. The riends and members of the candidate's family, and those wishing to make offerings to the Spirit, now congregate around the fallen man and throw on his body blankets, robes, skins and ornaments anything they wish to give until he is entirely covered up.

The priest now dances around the supposed corpse, bis assistants rattle iJrttland beat the pillow until toa priest says: "1 will now show how powerful my medicine is to bring him bock to life." Then the candidate commences to move. Finally, resting on bis bsjuls and knees, he vomits up mass of froth anil blood, in the center of hit is found the cl Aw or stone ith which he had been "shot He is now presented with medicine bag, and is recognized as a memlier of the onler. The cawli date must attend the three sureceilmg mvt-ings in the same costume (nakcdi nnd painted in the same manner; then he is allowed to appear as he wishes. They also mil late the spirit of dead Indians, "to st them right to tr.i el straight" They won't say where tbespint goes, but nfter initiation in the holy dance it will go straight to its destination. After the ceremonies are over, the soldiers take the fond anil lay it near the medicine tent, where it is distributed.

The cutting and dl-tnbuting forms the princiiMil attraction to the ineniliers, and the kettles are continually replenished during the performance. They alwnis commence the dance at midnight, keeping it up until the follow mg even-i at sundown. Should any one known to have committed a crime enter the ring the leaders notify the soldiers, and expulsion of the guilty Should he reiient he relates the na- "snooTixo" WITU TDK ture of the crime, medicine bao. lays a heavy fine nnd is reinstated. Should any memlier divulge the secrets of the onler his life is forfeited in a way that nono know the instigator or jierpotrator.

They have secrets, and, it is supposed, have signs by which one may know another in the dark as well as in the ilay. Durmg the Initiation and again just at ilay break something is hispered to the candiilate. CIRCUNO CHOW DANCE. Tho Pa-gi-nu-hi-na-ki a-ci-pi, br the cir cling crow dance, is called by the Americans straw or grass dance. Only members of the onler participate in this dance, and its coun-, cils are secret It is controlled by three men select at the starting of the lodge from among the more influential meinliers of tho tribe, who at death or upon resigning their I oflice select their own successors.

The regalia lielonging to the three by virtue of their ofllce is jieculiar, consisting of a kind of tunic falling froni the waist down liehind, attached to a broad band around the waist, and composed entirely of feathers of the eagle and crow, with lieadwork, iwrcupino quills and jingling bells. Exactly in the center and resting in the hollow of the lck (fastened to the belt) projects a slender piece of wood about eight inches long wrapisl with porcupine quills, to the end of which eagle Hnd crow ana smau i-iis are attache, I I fwl i with long stnng-very motion of the wearer taking regularly. Ho did not legin his dm-causing these sticks to vibrate and the llls neFf a untd after ftm ofu.n to jingle. This is an emblem of rank, and laten He hkel high living, and tickled his wheninvmted with itone usually gives aay bloniach with Vrrapin and champagne, a horse. There are four drummers.

Each Towani tho iatter part of his administration ono provided with a stick about three fret the richness of his food began to tell upon with quills and head, the other end sharp- ened. These are stuck in the ground, and drums with corre-iioiiiiing are hung on to them. The dancers seat thwuscli es in ring on the ground, rappil in their Mnn-kets, the drummers on one Mile chanting end beating their drums. At a signal all jump up, and, throwing their arms aloft, chant with uncouth gestures and an occasional whoop; dance for a few moments, whtn all I but one seat thenwlres. This one, standing in the ring keeps on with gvstures, wildly waving his tomahawk.

Of a sudden he mil seat himself, and in a low, monotonous chant recite his exploits of war and chase, after which all will jump up, lawv and yell, and the sune performances nre again gi.ne through with. This is kept up for scleral n7 IHMIVl, any mtniler wishes adivon-e. from hU wifo he gets up and proclaims that she is no longer his wife, or that he ha lvn deputized bv boine one not a member (naming him) to sa that he has thrown awav" iris, wife. An outsider by payment can deputize a member to do this. In their oh eyes this makes him a brave man and big chief.

The4Unco is arranged for in this way: A a.1', ewaii is appointed to o.l.vt u' c1Wlm no one dares refuse him. After collect! i an v1 1 Cleve- stew and ing sufficient to lost several days he notifies the leaders. They call in th' lodge and form arrangements for the dance, and then the vil lage crier goes around nnd proclaims that the i dance will take place about surh a time. If anv questions are to bo decided the head men ills-1 cuss it, after which it is put toai ote. One deputized goes to each member present and asks him for his decision, the insult show ing whether the question iscim-ii or lost Then the council is closed, outsiders are allowed to enter and the dance begins.

An old woman invited the leader of the straw dance to dance in her tepee, cook-' ing everything she had for" that purpose and stating her iwicrty. He immediately sent the crier around the camp, and in a few hours all the mem-1 bers were present, as they will drop any work or pleasure they may have to attend these dances. After con- suiting In secret nil were invited in. The leader then commenced whirl-cniEF, with oinDLE ia around very AND TUNIC. much like the whirl ing dervishes, stating the cauioof the meeting to aid and assist this old woman.

The result was thirteen blankets, calico, fine cloth, skins, flour and pork. When any question of importance is brought before the order there are many councils and muih powwowing. Often another lodge will called in to help make the decision, which, once nrrived at, is always carried out. This society is of late date, but is the most powerful among the Indians. No memlier will undertake to be a spokesman for an outsider unless bribed by a present, generally a gun or a horse, so the more influential gain from 40 to 100 horses during the year, but then have to give away many to retain their nUuense.

Women are not admitted to this I'svu Becewitu. Inilla as a Winter ltesnrt. India is rapidly becoming a fashionable winter resort for tourists. As the autumn advances the Peninsular and Oriental company's Coating hotels take out heavy freights of passengers, which include many persons besides those who are merely returning to their duties after leave of absence. No doubt the trip is ex-iensive, and it can not be really appreciated unless the tourist is a mod with a good budget of letters of introduction.

But to many its great attraction is that it has not yet become vulgarized. The inter climate is enjoyable; tho oflicial world welcomes those whose sociul -osition in this country renders letters of introduction unnecessary; and even the ordinary tourist is appreciated if he comes proj-crly recommended. Possibly, the recent heavy fall in tho vslue of tho rupee will cause the Anglo-Indian to think tw ico before he indulges in lavish hospitality; but this seems to have little eifect on tho-o who wish to see how India is governed. The tourist trooping season has set in ith eicep. tional severity this year, and 1-efore long wo shall be hearing that tho excui-sion agents have taken the matter in Hand withnviow to arranging cheap circular trips with fixed charges for everything.

St. James" (Jazette. Cultivation of Frogs. A tract of land on the western shore of Cayuga lake, near Canoga, has been leased to Rochester parties for the cultivation of frogs. The raising of frogs for the New York market has come to lie a recognized industry.

There is a largo frog farm in tho neighborhood of Waterloo and several in Canada, and still the demand is greater than the. supply. New i ork Sun. SjP4a 'in. GOSSIP ABOUT MR.

ARTHUR HIS MANHOOD AS A HIS WHITE HOUSE PRESIDENT. DINNERS. How Ills). UWnx Killed Him Ills Weil Uy rpon I.r-utlng Hit White House. How Hi unit (urllrUl 11) el Mnrblr TogtIier I'rldeiit Arthur Children.

SrCii. Corrcupomipnce Washington, Nov. 2t memory of PrwUtlfnt Arthur will long contlnuo as reeii as the ivy which climlis about tho White Hoilso. He to bo a mnn while he artei. ns president, ami during tho latter part of hi- administration loth jvirties delighted to do him honor.

As far as Washington and it.s wxiety is conoemM he was one of the most wpular preidenUwe have ever had. He felt tho dignity of his josition, and appreciate! the honor of the presidency as much ns did Oil Washington himself HoactM like a president. He entertained royally, and still dtMnxratiralIy. Tho White House a.s ojvii to all txmiers; the poorest and most ignorant were not snubtwxl. Ho gavo elegant dinners, and was in his element at a White House reception.

BtiU he jKiscd as a friend to Uie negro, and was alwaj's ready to raise his -oice for tho colored man. He was by iio means niggardly in spending bis salary. He came into the White Houc, 1 am told, worth more than IX.OiHl, and ho left it north much Ion. Shortly after Tresident Arthur took office tho duties became very distasteful to him. were full of uncomplimentary notices, the ky of prophecy was black, and the of tho presidency were never greater Arthur was overrun with otllce seekers With day and night, and ho told ex-Postm-iMcr General Tyner that if tho presidency were offered him again by tho unanimous votuof the people he would not take it As time wore on, however, his work grew sytomat ized.

He liked the honor and llattrj which camo with the position, and during the last year of his term ho strovo with all his might "a secure his re-election. Ho failed, but after his n-tirement ho still kept sight of the dignity of his office, refused to go into the practice of the law, and lived quietly until ho died. IVeMdent Arthur worked very hard while ho was in the Whit House, and he ruined his health by working irregularly. He sat up lato and ne late. He ate his dinners at midnight, anu it was often 1 or 2 o'clock before ho got away from the table.

He usually rose at took a light breakfast of coffee and a roll and then went into his office to receive callers. From 10 to 12 o'clock he had a continual siego of office seekers. Fint, tho ordinary office seeker came, then the congressman, and after that the cabinet minister. Sometimes ho received his callers in the afternoon n.l wnt thnmrh thhn.1. hu stem and he strove to remedy the evil i i jj0 jjj otj however, cut down upon his diet, but tried to work off the surplus by exercise.

He took horvolnck rides and walked considerably. Very fond of ilshing, and the killer, I believe, of the largest salmon ever killed in this country, ho took many a littlo lKhiug junket, nnd it was at the advice of his physician that, with his cabiiiet, ho went to Florida The Florida health trip was not a great success. Ho had a severe attack of stomach trouble during it nnd the papers were full of alarming reiorts. The excitement of the latter days of his administration hod much to do ith keeping him up, and he to fail as soon as Cleveland was inaugurated. There is no doubt tliat White House inning and dining had much to do ith his death, nnd he i only one of a great number of men who have been killed by this element of Washington life.

During the last year uf his administration President Arthur made ft a rule to dino all the con gressmen and senators nnd their wives. He sint more than $5,000 a year on his dinners, and $10 a plate ii a low estimate of their cost Arthur iid his cook $1.00 a year, and it is said that his private duuicrs often cost as high as f5 a plate. He kept up his dinners land immediately after tho resiew of the prooes-ion on inaugurati day. President Arthur's leaving tho White i House was as dignified as his conduct in it. 'either of the two Adamses would attend the Inaugurations of their successors.

John Quincy A'lams wasout hunting, it is said, at the time Andrew Jackson was inaugurated, and his father, John Adams, packed up his I traps the night 1-eforo Jefferson came in, and galloped away from Washington in a car- I riage. President Arthur gave this royal lunch to President Cleveland, and the dinln-r table was as hamlsoaielv arranged as at any of his state dinners. He escorted Miss Rose! Cleveland to the table, and President Cleve- land took in Mrs. McElrov on his arm. The party remained seated at the tabI- for nearly two hours, and after th dinner was ovir Mr.

Arthur left the While House and went to stay with Secretary Kiviiiishuysen. I I came across a curious story to-day. in wiiiiii a man imiuru iiapp claims to nave I played marbles with Presidents Garfield and which a man named Clapu claims to have Arthur. The three men were boys, and Clapp was living at Ballston, N. when President Arthur's father and President Garfield's uncle camo there, bringing Chester A Arthur and James A.

Garfield with them. Clapp says he slept with young Arthur, and that he was having a game of marbles with little diet in his front door ard the next day when tho Ilcv. Mr. liartkld drove He stopped at the cate and lifted out nf his wagon a little fellow about ears old, say- inc: "Here, mv lads, is mv nephew- Jlmmv. Let him play with you hilu I attend to some business.

'J As the story goes, little Jimmy Garfield sat down on a mound aud watched the game, and then the two boys, Arthur and Garfield, Whether they met again before their nomination as president and vice-presiilent 1 do not know. President Arthur was an Episcopalian. He attended rjt. John's Episcotial church here. This is one of the most aristocratic churches I of Washington, and it has had a dozen or more presidents among its iewbolders.

I imagine Arthur favored it because it was tho I Staking Toys in I'ranre. church Ids wife attended in her girlhood. He Frauce has always bvu nearly self-sufficing sat in the icw she Used to occupy, and he in the matter of toys. She makes her own gave the church a memorial window in her Polichlnelle a nattier, dressier, more cox-honor, i combical launch than our friend in Fleet Speaking of President Arthur's Florida trip the following incident describtsl in The Wash ington Critic is said to havo occurred during one of the president's Suudajs there: While in the quaint old town of St Augustine, the president and Secretary Chandler arranged to attend service at the colored church. When the deacons of the church became aware that such distinguished people were to lie present, tho front raw of seats was reserved for them, to which they were escorted with due form and ceremony.

The minister threw all of his available muscular eloquence and earnestness I into tho prayer with which he 0cned the ser- rice, and then nroso nnd announced that dij xingregashun will jine in singin' de gud ole nymn, Ering forth dat ryn diadem. The congregation arote, led by the president's party, and tho gray-topped preacher, after nervously adjusting his iectacles, repeated from the hymn book in a clear voice: Itring forth that royal diadem, I And crown Uim Lord of alL Eicj couplet was repeated by the divine in! then sung by the congregation until the tntire hymn hail lieeii completed, nnd those who were present declared that President i Arthur's voice was heard above all tho con- 1 jrcgation, ringing out the inspiring words of Me gud ole hymn." I President Arthur leave3 two children, a son and a daughter. The boy has been attending i tcbool at Princeton, and be is said to be a very bright youns man. His name Is Chester Alan Arcnur, ami ne was supposed to D6 engaged to one of the most accomplished society girls in Washington during bis father's presi dency. For some reason or other this engage- i ment was ihsipped, and we now hear no more of it.

Nellie Arthur, the president's daughter, is a bright eyed brunette, not far along in the teens. She ncted as her father's hot a numU'r of times while he was president, and she did the honors of the White House very well. She was a thorough girl at the same time, and she delighted in romping alnut the Whit House grounds. She liad a littlo play- house built not far from the executive man- sion, and this was furnished as a miniature pallor It ltad little laco curtains, fancy little i tables ami chairs, a beautiful doll baby and a crib for the doll. It was the wonder of the children of Washington, and the proudest possession of the president daughter.

President Arthur was not as tall a man as his pictures He was of oaly medium height, and I think as a rule tho pictures of Cleveland represent him as much taller than ho is. President Cleveland is certainly not over Ove feet eight inches, and I doubt whether lie is than live feet seven. Arthur had a good a rotund form, and he ulwajs dressed in clothes of the best material and tho latest cut During hU term fabulous stories were told about his. wanlrolie, and that ho was not without vanity is shown in the fact that he had a great niauy photographs mode of himself dress il in a heavy overcoat There 1 an oil paintitu in the White House of President Arthur in bis overcout, and the lithographer who made the lithographs which were scat-tenil ocr the country at the time he was noniitiatisl for ice president says tfiat hohaU a great deal of trouble getting a picture of Arthur which would suit him. Ijks most great men he had his weaknesses, and personal vanity was ono of them.

In this, however, he has many associates in the presidential gallery. Washington was vain, John Adams had a big bump of vanity, and Martin Van Iluren always looked as though he had juminsl from a bandbox. James Buchanan was very juirticularaliout his clothes, and (en. Harrison was fond of comparing himself to the Roman emperors. Take th, presidents, all in oil, Arthur sizes up very well among them.

It is true his administration was rather negatiwly than positively good. He did well in doing nothing, and by his conservatism he tided the country over one of the most dangerous periods of its history. Frank O. Cartestbb. "CHRIST BEFORE PILATE." Slankacsj'n lllg Palntlnc Now la 2Vew York City.

CTjKsrlfcl rorfrnimn.lMice.3 New Yokk, Nov. Munkacsy's bij painting, entitled Christ Before Pilate," is now in New York, and if all th world isn't aware of it, it certainly isn't the fault either of Munkacsy or of the enterprising manager of the picture. Munkacsy himself is here, too, and he has already learned several phrases or wnat ht calls -The United i- Dtaies language. Munkocsr is a Hungarian, and his success is a good example of what perseverance, backed up by talent, will do for a poor boy. His parents died tf when Le was very young his mother of a famine and lils father in prison and tho lad was thrown on his own MUNKArST resources very early in life.

He fht showed his talent as a picture maker in decorating some cheats mads in the cabinet shop where he was an apprentice. Some one saw that he was born an artist, and heljKHl him to study. His first success was entitled ''The I-ast Day of a Man Condemned to Death. It was exhibited in the Paris salon of llii greatest picture, in the opinion of many, is "Milton and His nEAD or THE CIIRIST- There are rlnious regardinr tie "Christ Before I'ilat-." It is with the head flSure of tUB chri' niore than with tb picture as a whole tl at fault is found by tho critics. They say It is a picture of an ordinary man and not possessed at all of the divine attributes that should be its chief characteristics.

The, clergy of this city anil Urooniyn viewed -1 the picture tho other day, and many of them I 6PlK worth a thousand sermons." Everybody thinks the figure and face of Pilate good. The picture is 20 feet long by V2 feet high, and contains two scores of figures, and so any cut of it in its entirety is out of the question. Tho outline cuts here given are of the two pria- cipni cuiujk u-i-, nJ Kive reader a fair idea of tho way Mun kacsy was handled "the Man, and Pilate, the' judge. The picture i shown in the lmil.1- ril-ATE. ing that Salmi Morse hail fitted up for tha production of his "Passion Plav," that was never played.

IL J. Dezteb. street Punch whoso hair is powdered and! who wears white kid gloves, but who is. nevertheless, a most popular puppet Tim French "poupisa" i at uo acknow ledged head of tho doll world. Not even the most fash- ionable London emporium can display dolls equaling in pinkness of complexion, in round- I ness of eye, in auriferousness of tresses, in wealth cf lace and flounces and frilleries, and in rndient sheen of bronze kid boots, the dolls exhibited Palis.

In the manufacture of small porcelain dolls arrajed as brides, liabies, shepherdesses, beadles and geiulanues, the French are also wonderfully skillful, and thev make nearly HmImusS I ill i mr all the toy jionlles that Kirk and squeak, the the dress es in the homes. In tho stores ns in diminutive miniature accoutrenients, the the savings banks, where there are TOO ac-hares that beat tabors, the ninepins, tho bat- counts, averaging more than fjdo curb. The tledorcsand shuttlecocks, tho tin trumpets, average wage earning ier annum is the iack-in-the-lioxcs. the "tombola" inanda- I The cardinal feature of the Pullninii idea is rins with lolling tongues, the wagons und horses, tho liagatelle boards, the tops, tha skipping ropes, tho clockwork mice, tho lili-putian "batteries de cuisine," and tt models of grocers' and linendraieiV shops tn which young France takes delight London Tele- grapu. I The king nnd queen of Corea show signs of civilization.

They have discarded native doctors, who know less of medl- clue than the Chinese. The queen Ii under the care or a female physician from this city. Boston Budget PULLMAN A. SUCCESS. WALTER WELLMAN DISPOSES OF CERTAIN CARPING CRITICS.

He Shows that the Only Trouble With the Throrr of the I'Ure Has lteeu tlie I.ack of Iliiuie Owning, Vltiirli 'oir OTerroiiie. r-mt ConripondPTMs? 1 Chicago, Nov. 30. As a pocial experiment the town of Pullman hasU'cnchiely watched by many observers and philosophers, both in this country and Euroj. More imiortant than Sir Titus Salt's Saltaire in Kngland, 1 more extennite than M.

liodnfs Siwial Palace In France, and more practical than any of the communities or farms whe eajx-riments have attracted the attention of v.ltgisfe, in I America, iullman ha been well worthy i attention. What was it that tho founder of this city hoped to acromplish? Commercially, he desired to build a town which Ins factory could find convenient and where his employes might dwell together a.s hi tenant, with profitable rentals accruing to himself Philanthnpieally, he wished todosomething for humanity by constructing a town in I which the average of health, morality and i happiness enjoyed by its inhabiuU could raised to a much higher level than that i usually found amongcoiumuuitiesuf laborers I and mechanics. 1 That l'ullumn has succeeded in tho first I of hin desires tbero is no gainsaying. His I city is immensely profitable. He built a com plete town at one operation, and at one stroke made valuable city ground out of chnp prairie.

The rentals, based ujxm tho ulues thus created, are returning a handsome per cent, upon the actual cotL Tho houses and other buildings are all tvupied and the rents are all promptly paid. "Iullman pajs, say the critiw (and there are many of them1, "but as a social experiment it is a failure. He has made money, but he has not Mictveded in carrying out the humanitarian feature of his ideas. This may or may not be a just verdict. "I will build a town," said th creator of Pullman to himself, "as nearly jerfect as skill and money working together, and with full knowledge of the conditions and requirements, even to the -mall est detail, can make it.

My town shall not grow haphazard. One architect is to draw the plans for every building, of whatever nature. I will have nothing to do with the local authorities in the way of street improvements, drainage, water supply, public build ings. I will build everything mjx'lf. Moreover, I will own everything, and rule everything.

In fine, I will build a beautiful and modern city as other men build a single house, with everything to promote the happiness and health of the occiFonts, and to lead, them to live tetter lives and rear their children among lietter surroundings and influences than are found in neighborhoods and communities where jwople like my operatives generally reside. I will prove to the world that it is not necessary that workinguieu shall live in ill built houses, gloomy, inartistic, ladly drained, unhealthful, with fonl yard or none at all in the rear, with dirty streets in front, with an absence of all pretense to architectural tieauty or the refinement' of artistic surroundings, and w'th the temptations of drinking saloons ami other resorts danger ousjy near to every habitation. I will prove that a condition of things is iwsible wherein the poor as well as the rich may enjoy such rood things of this life as ieaee, rderliness. pure air, suntdiine, cleanliness, healthy, good neighbors." 1 LABORERS' COTTAOES IX rfLLMAX. That Pullman has done his best to secure for his tenants every one of these grandly planned advantages must be apisirent to all i classes have failed to disclose to me anyevi-who have studied lullman tow as it stands, I deuces of unusual discontent.

(Some wotk- or who have read the description of it which I bava endeavored to give in tho two letters preceding this one. If he has failed, it is not the fault of his architect, who. it M-cms, long ago thought of everything, nor jet the fault of the Pullman company as an employer, for it has found steady employment at good wages for all. Pullman's workers do not carry their lunches in dinner pails. All go homo to the midday meal It is high noon.

The hoarse whistle cries a brief truce to work in the shops. Twenty-five hundred men are out of doors, walking rapidly down street and boulevard to dinner at tables waiting in some 1,500 houses. At 12:15 the men return. The quarter of an hour saved daily, with tho half nour in ine morning oeiore ocioeic, Kate enough in tho week to give the hour in the morning before clock, aggre- Saturday half holiday. Tho shops are busv again, the thousand children tidy, bright the visitor may patrol the clean, well-paved irnrf inTirXrl0-Vr7 n'otl Mirpn.s.in ii inere wera not many with the streets, almi-st thinking himself In a suburb homesteaa ambition.

Repression of home inhabited by the rich. Supise. you ring at ow ning is indeed un-American and one of the the front door of one of the houses, and ask I defects of the Pullman idea as originally put to be shown the home of a Pullman laborer, in practice. But Pullman has already per-Try this cottage, for instance, ltisthestand- this, I am glad to announce, and has ard two story and l-e-ement brick. The fam- aloaJ' PPljJ remedy.

Just across the ir i railway tracks from that pretty station 120 I8 Py SI" month rent acrw unA have been plotted and put wl basement. The water tax is included in the rent. The gas is M.50 a thousand feet No one is prohibited suiMetting rooms or parts of houses. If a man does not wish to pay $16, ho may take a fiver oom flat in a four flat cottage for $12, a four room flat for $10, or even another style of flat good for a small family for Tho average monthly rental paid by workingmen throughout the town is but per room. The writer has made unexiiccted calls upon dozens of Pullman householders, selected at random.

In only one or two did ho find the odors arising from negligent housewifery. In only one instance wes the amount of the rent, the accommodations afforded or the company's treatment of Its tenants com- plained of. In nearly all of the houses the interiors were cozy, home like, comfortable. with books and plants, artistic gas fixtures, bright, warm colors hi caqiet and papering, an organ or piano, and plenty of sunlight Pnllman is not a aradio. Its dwellers must work, and they n.ust pay their rent, and the mere laborers mil a lie satisfied with narrow rooms and limited bills of fare.

There are dissatisfied ones, of course, ho growl at this or that, and try to make themselves end others believe that the whole idea is a mistake and all the inhabitants its ictims. But that the iIjle are thrifty is as apparent in antral control. "I will build mv workm: men a model city," said Pullman, "and I will manage it for them." Pullman is, indeed, master. If he chosw he could lie a despot, to the extent of refusing a man a habitation, or, what is quite as much to the purpose, employment. It has been said that even" man in the placo looks as if he was liko tho hed linen used in thu sleeninfr cars, with the word "Pullman" branded on his- lack.

It has also lieen said that IHiIlman's employes are compelled to purchase where and of whom Pullman wishes them to purchase, and that the rules governing the dexxirtment of the'tenanu asevero an uiaynot sit In his own dooryard in his shirt sleeves and mnV a riin Thaia are misrenreeenta- i nons. mere is no despotism in nmnna Buying and selling is as free as in any town, ana if the rul-s governing tenants are not as lax the community is the better off therefor. A man may sit on his porch and smoke, and women may gowip over the liack gate, and may play ball or leap frog In the street, but women are not allowed to dump cartage or slops into the alley, nor are the men per- i mitteil the privilege of getting drunk in the town. INTERIOR OI- A HXCHAXIC'3 HOXX. "Why," said one of the growlers to me, "I dare not drive a nail in the hou4 where I li put up a shelf or change a closet partition." "And if it were my house I shouldn't want you driving nails in It, either," I replied.

"Moreover, my friend, a woman in the next block has just told me that one of the delights of fullman life is the care the com-iuiny exercises in repairing tho houses. Everything is done promptly and perfectly, she tells me. Send word to the office, and ithin an hour the workman plumber, carpenter or gastltter will be on hand. No waiting for days and days, no fighting with the landlord "But rullman makes me sign an iron clad lease, in which ha has all the rights and I none. He takes my rnt out of iny wages everv month, too." "The lease you sign Is just such a one as I have to sign In Chicago.

And as for the rent, ou ant to pay it when It is due, do you not!" These are samples of the petty complaints occasionally heard. More worthy of attention the objection to the fulhuan idea of controlling everything. Th residents have no voice in local matters. There are no horn politics, no caucuies, no town meetings. Pullman attends to all affairs of local government and consults only his own wishes.

"This state of affairs," say the critics, "is un-American. It destroys citizenship. What safegrard Is there left for tb liberties of the the (ieopler Pullman answers with a hal-lenge to show wherein he does not well use his power. "It Is true," he says, "that I am master here, but do I use my authority arbitrarily, am I unjust, am I negligent or indifferent to the atTalrs of my people) Would things be any better If we had local politics. with the corruption, extravagance and mismanagement surely following? In managing this city 1 pursue business principles throughout.

My interests an identical with those of the tenants." Even the critics ara compelled to admit that Pullman is a just and proper governor. Things go right and not wrong. When they go all wrong it will be time to condemn the controlling power. But of those who indulge in the sentimentality that Pullman is a failure because the public affairs are not managed through the town meeting, the caucus and the ballot boxbecause citizenship is re- pressusi let me asic wnat proportion ol work' ingmen in any community really enjoy voice in local government! How much better than uiuiiiuiiAii i nub vuuriuiu wmca Ki-es to a chime of pot house politicians the actual control of things, and which fastens upon the public treasury a ceteris of chronic leeches! I low many workingmea in so-called self-goveraed cities find benefit to their purse, betterment of their morals, increase of content or happiness in their associations with politicians! It mav I-e un-American to say so. but in local excent where thim-u are going all wrong and a Tweed ring is to lie broken up, the precious right of suffrage is largely a ueiuiou anu a larce.

rontics too often means absence from home, neglect of work, indulgence and idleness. Pullman is fortunate in having no local i-olitk-s, inasmuch as the one politician is a business man. The only voter, the only taxpayer, the autocrat of the town, a man whoso interest in the town's prosperity and in the proper management of its aiTairs is at least (ijual to that of all others combined. I am not recomniend-ing a monocracy for New York, Chicago, Kansas City, Kt Paul or Buffalo. In Pullman it is a positive benefit to all concerned, a hardship to none.

The social organization of Pallman is such that tho monocrat or whoever represents him must use his best skill and energy to keep all at work, all well Paul, all content, all hralthv, all happy. Failure to do this is his own failure ami ruin. In this sort of union there lies tha strength of tho Pullman idea. The crincs lia said that there was discon- I tent in In what community is there not discontent! Human nature is the I same everywhere, and there is no heaven on earth. A dozen visits to Pullman and ran- eral conversation with iti Inhabitants of all men growl at their wages and at the foreman I ana "th company." But I have seen such growlers in all factories.

A few women complain that their bouse are not as nice as they thought they were going to be, but complaints of tho lantllord are by no means unusual even in the happiest ef towns which are anything but "an-American." I Uh to make the statement as emphatic as tossible that there is in Pullman more genuine content amuig men, women and children than in any other community of tenants, poor or well to do, with whose social life I am familiar. The critics are mistaken. There is no despotism in l'ullman, no unusual discontent. But and here the critics who set down l'ullman as a failure may prick up their ears-there are no home owners. Here is the secret of the little bit of dry rot that has crept into this social organization.

The Pullman mechanic, who made one good step forward by getting away from politics and pot houses, now desires to make another by getting a uome oi nis own. in a larga community or upon tne market, ine tenants anu operatives over tna way are rnpiaiy uuymg lots, and already some have erected their own houses. Tho company has also built a number of houses, to be sold upon the' installment plan, with an insurance feature added. If a purchaser dies after making but partial payment upon the home the debt is canceled and the widow liecomes owner in fulL This opportunity for home getting gives to l'ullman the last requirement of social perfection, as social perfection goes in this Anperfect world. The critics are wronj, and l'ullman Is a Euccess.

WjLLTxn Weixmax. Mot to He Hurried. One day Beauregard, with several lesser lights, came upon a sentinel who had token his gun entirely to pieces and was greasing lock, stock and barreL The great general looked like a thunder cloud, but neither his flashing uniform nor the scowl on his face had any effect on the sentinel, who quietly proceeded to rub a piece of his gun. "Say," remarked an officer, "that's Beauregard there; he's sort of a general" "All right," said ie unabashed sentinel, if he'll wait till I get this gun together TU give him a sort of a salute." Atlanta Constitution. 1 Theje is a new color out which they rail condor cllow.

A IMcUpoeket's Trick. A new trick in pocketpicking has been discovered in Atlanta, where the Hon. Patrick Walsh, of Augusta, was robbed in a crowded hotel elevator by a young man who said: "Excuse me, please sir, but my watch chain is caught in one of your buttons." It was in straightening out the pretended entanglement that the larceny was committed. New vork Sun. Taxation of Foreign Workmen.

It is proposed in tha French national assembly to put a tax upon the wages ot all foreign workmen in the Paris workshops. Italian and German mechanics crowd the French factories and. as they are generally without famUKth.yare supposed to mQcn WTOr oa neaai workmen who hare domtttia bordoi. Ytrk 6ns, GOOD WRITING PAPER. DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIOUS PROCESSES OF MANUFACTURE.

Cutting the JCags Into rirre. In tha Cleansing Knglne ICeiliietlon of th ISags to rulp Illtielng, Milng and Calendering. The materiaLs for goml writing paper are cott-'naml nign of domotie gathering, suppli-mi'tiUil by importations. The rags come to the mill in ljles and are assorted in several grades and then cut into pieces by hand. The rutting is done by girls and women, sitting in front of a bench, to which is fixed a short bluile like a unall scythe blade The rags, picked up by the liamlful, are drawn across the keen edge with great rapidity, th ojrator owasionally using saniUtone ririe just as the mower dws, so that the duaty rim resembles, to the ear, a ttelil of busy iwers.

At a bei-ond sorting all the button, (its. hooks and eyes and harsh beams are removeiL The rigs then go to a duster, a lurge cylinder of woven wire, inside of which is a shaft carrying a numlier of blades of plate iron set in a spiral form on the shaft and revolving at a rate of speed higher than that of th -niter '-yluxlT This differeiii-e of sjl, with the spiral setting of the blades, insures a mitotant stirring up of the rags, and their gradual progress from ono end to the other of the cylinder, and their final discharge at the open end. The dusted rags then go into a rotary boiler made of boiler ii-jn or steel, revolving on journals, one of which is hollow and admits steam at a pressure of from forty to sixty pounds to the sipiare inch, corresponding according to Kegnault's tables to a heat of from 'JLK to JS degrees Fahrenheit. With the rags is introduced a certain quantity of lime water to assist in the cleaning, the object being to start the color as well as the dirt; for white writing iaper is made from colored rags as well as from white rags; only the finest note and letter paper being made from clear white rags. These rotating boilers are of a capacity of a charge of rags weighing from H.OUO pounds upward.

The boiler is usually rotated by means of a worm wheel on its solid journal and a worm screw, and it is charged though a manhole that when in place is securely packeiL IX Till CLEASSINO TANK. From this boiler the rags pass Xn a cleansing engine, which is a tank of oval plan, the walls of hich ris about thirty inches from the floor. The tank is partially divided longitudinally by a straight portion, the ends of the partition reaching toward the walls of the tank far enough to leave a space of the tame width as that between the partition's sides and the tank's walls. On one side of this partition, across the center of the tank, revolves a toothed drum, carrying blades that act on the rags as thy pass in the trough fixed blades at the bottom of the tank. blades do not cut the but tear them, thus preserving the filler.

The clean-lag of the rags in the process of tearing is facilitated by a constant stream of water. On the side opposite from the beater is a ro- or nne lhat allows the water to but rejects the rags. The water thus uiieu imwi on inroiuru me nouow snare or the revolving sieve. This, with the action of the bladed drum, induces anil keeps up a cur-I rent around and around the tank. Thisen-1 ginenot only cleanses i he rags, but reduces thm to a aemi-pulpy mavi known ns "half stuff," which, although clean, is not purely white.

It is bleached with chloride ot lima and again pxsses through an -ngine. when tho bleached material, in heaps, resembles solid snow. After this comes tho blueing, if the paper is huvc a tint, although what is called white paper is slightly blued. The pulp is pumped into un elevated tank, rem hich it is fed to the engine by a delivery gate capable of close adjustment, as upon tie amount of pulp fed to the machine defends tho ultimate weight of tho paper. The "lulp flows on to tho face of a roller and is passed to an endless apron of line wire sieve that has inqiarted to it jarring motion, to discharge, as much as possible, the water, while the sieve retains the almost impalpable pulp.

A set of rolls compresses tho pulp web, which then goes over a series of boxes jcrforated on the side over which the web passes, the boxes being exhausted of air by a fan as the web moves. This withdraws the surplus water that has not been removed by the sieve and rollers. SIZING AXD CAIXXDCRIXO. The sheet, having acquired considerable tenacity, is dried by passing between rollers heated by steam. Then comes the sizing, without which the closest textured paper would not receive ink and not spread a blot The size is the common glue of commerce made from rawhide of cattle, but it is employed hot and quite thin.

A second partial drying, edging of the continuous web by rotary shears, and a cutting across into sheets, completes tho operations of turning liquid, milky pulp into elastic, continuous sheets of a substance almost imiienneable to air. From "the machine" the sheets, still damp from the sizing, are removed to drying lofts, and are dried by sun aud outer air in pleasant wea her, and by stem heat in inclement weather. Thoy are then subjected to the action of hydraulic presses. They are then calendered by means of a machine of rolls, three of chilled iron and two of paper. The paper rolls are formed of disks of thin manilla jmper, cut in presses to diameter, with holes through their centers for the reception of the shaft These are pressed in place by a hydraulic machine and turned like the iron rolls.

The surface of the turned paper rolls are remarkably smooth. The sheets, after ironing in the calender machine, are cut in reams by a knife similar in form and action to that of the French guillotine. The sheets are then sorted and counted, the somewhat defective ones going to an inferior grndo of paper. The company's stamp Is embossed on each sheet under a press. Ruled paper has its lines made in a machine that is essentially self-acting.

The ink is more fluid than that used for writing. The ruling pens are of sheet brass and are semi-cylindrical tulies fed from a whole tube, to which the ink rises from a trough by means of wicks, as oil in an ordinary lamp. Tbd pocking in boxes supplements all this work, and jthe sheets are ready for the market Boston Budget The last numlier of Science contains some interesting notes ou the sorghum sugar indns- Ire l.ftv.il itTMin thrt MTsnrt Ir, Knllafin Ts chemical division, department of agricul-i ture. This details tho methods of studying 1 sorghum cane and its products as employed by the United States last year at Ottawa, I Kan. The process differs radically from the i old method of pressing the cane to extract the juice, as the cane is first clipped and then subjected to the process of diffusion, whereby the easily crystallized sugar is recovered.

This method promises to work a revolution in the sugar industry, both by admitting to the market a first-class product from sorghum cane and also cheapening the manufacture of suyir from the ordinary southern cane. The Parkinson Sugar company at Fort Scott has already adopted the method exclusively for making up the crop from SCO acres, and representative sugar planters from the south are at present studying its applicability to theuindustry. Chicago Tribune- In a niegraphlcal Dictionary, In a new dictionary of biography, containing 40,000 names, all the Rothschilds and As- tors put together receive only as many lines as are accorded to Harriet Beecher Stowo. Cornelius Vanderbilt receives less attention than Poganini, nnd A. T.

Stewart no more than Daniel Lambert, the fat man. Even the three rich Iienefactors Girard, George Peabodyond Sir Moses Montefiore united, take less room than John Wesley or Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York Herald. If nobody has too much everybody will have) cough. -CoL Bob Ingerscll.

1 tA.