The Ottawa Citizen from Ottawa, Ontario, Canada • 6

The Ottawa Citizen An independent newspaper, founded in 1844 R. W. Southam Publisher Our peacemakers haven 't died in vain Christopher Young Editor Charles King Associate Editor Southam Press By James Eayrs Citizen special correspondent The communique from Simla says India and Pakistan "are resolved to settle their differences by peaceful means." The communique from Seoul says North and South Korea are resolved "to achieve peaceful unification of the fatherland as early as possible." There is alas no such communique from Saigon. But two pairs of Asian fratricides are giving peace a chance at last. What with war raging in Southeast Asia, war threatening in the Middle East, nations are far from beating their bombers into plowshares, their missiles into pruning hooks.

But if peace is not yet breaking out all over, peace is beginning to creep out in places and in places where conflict has been so protracted, positions so immobilized, emotions so engaged, that hope for peaceful settlement there had all but been abandoned. Kashmir and Korea are faraway places where what happens may seem no concern of ours. Yet Canadians have special reason to take note of peace initiatives concerning them. In the attempt to pacify their peoples, our countrymen have lost lives and limbs. King was opposed Disputes over Kashmir and Korea are 25 years old.

When they first broke out, the help of Canada was sought in quelling them. That help our prime minister refused to give. "I did not intend to have Canada forced into this and that," is how Mackenzie King recorded his opposition to permitting our participation in United Nations attempts at mediation. "I would not, for the rest of my days, allow that sort of thing for Canada." But the rest of. his days as prime minister were numbered.

Within a year, the first Canadians were in Kashmir, within three years, in Korea. Their respective missions were as different as the disputes they had been sent to end. The first Canadians on the Kashmir patrol were four officers of our reserve army. (They were told on embarkation not to wear their side-arms, to pack them in their suitcases). Twenty-three years later, their successors are still at it.

Their job was to oversee and supervise the ceasefire which came into effect on Jan. 1, 1949, and has been intermittently violated twice spectacularly in all-out war ever since. A new style in chess settled into areas held, with changes from the wars of 1965 and 1971, to this day. In the unenviable role of Solomon the UN Security Council was cast in January, 1948. It has striven ever since to produce a settlement which both sides would accept.

It failed. Not because of super-power machinations the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union have taken turns at urging settlement but because of the intransigence of the disputants themselves. Two new factors Pakistan proved on its record to be the less intransigent: It would accept Commonwealth arbitration, it would accept UN mediation, it would accept the results of a Kashmir-wide plebiscite which it felt sure to win. India had the better legal case: It had not been the invader-by-proxy, the maharajah had acceded to New Delhi, not Karachi. Krishna Menon argued it for hours on end, once until he fainted.

Yet law is one thing, equity another. Nehru, a Kashmiri, was known to covet Kashmir. One of his highly placed officials it would be mischievous in the extreme to offer more positive identification once confessed that drafting cables on Kashmir had become to him a form of torture. For the fresh start last week at Simla, where both governments pledged themselves to work peacefully toward a final settlement ef their dispute, two new factors are responsible. India's victory in the 1971 war enables its leaders to be more magnanimous than in the past.

Pakistan's loss compels its leaders to be more realistic than in the past. Magnanimity and realism alone can't guarantee a just and lasting peace, but without them no peace is ever just and lasting. Cold war victims India and Pakistan brought their conflict on themselves. North and South Korea had their conflict thrust upon them. Their war was a sub-set of the cold war, in which they fought for super-power interests with super-power aid.

That the forces of Communist North Korea struck across the 38th parallel in June 27, 1950, is as incontestable as history's evidence can ever be, that they did so unprovoked by the policies of the government of Syngman Rhee, less incontestable by far. An American-led coalition disguised as a United Nations force was formed to drive them back, they (and their Chinese reinforcements) were in due course driven back. Three hundred and nine Canadians were killed, 1,202 Canadians were wounded. Were their deaths and suffering in vain? That is for their next of kin and a generation of historians more detached than mine to say. India and Pakistan had settlements urged upon them: North and South Korea seek settlement themselves.

The most convincing explanation of their spectacular rapprochement less than five years have passed since the North despatched commandos on a mission to murder the leaders of the South is the one that meets the eye. The Korean people have never known what it is to be masters in their own house. For centuries the vassal of China, they became in 1910 a colony of Japan, to become in 1945 zones of occupation and after 1947 spheres of influence of Russia and America. So long a dependence on those more powerful than themselves sapped their self-confidence, atrophied initiative. They became marionette-states, puppets on a string.

Now at last they have found they can cut loose from manipulation by their respective puppeteers. They have found that they can make it on their own. They have learned that "war is over if you want it." And the people of Vietnam will learn it too. Published by the proorietor, Limited, at 13 Sparks Street, Box 8655, Ottawa, Ontario, K1G 3J6 Thursday, July 13, 1972 PRISON REFORM Don't shoot the piano player Millhaven penitentiary guards and Ontario Provincial Police appear in search of a scapegoat when they blame Solicitor-General Goyer for the escape of 14 convicts. They would do better to hold their fire until the board of inquiry set up by Mr.

Goyer has made its report. Neither this incident nor the recent cases involving temporary Jeave should deter the government from its reform program. Rehabilitation remains a major goal. The previous philosophy behind Canada's penal system punishment as a deterrent hasn't worked. A majority of piisoners return to crime and jail after their release.

The program is still experimental, as any new plan must be. Mistakes have been made; that is to be expected. But to blame the program itself or its administrator Mr. Goyer is to return to a system which has proved a failure, because it has not succeeded in rehabilitating criminals. New fears in Ulster The end of the 13-day truce in Northern Ireland raises new dangers in that land.

British troops were called in initially to prevent civil war between Protestants and Roman Catholics. Instead, they became a target for the outlawed Irish Republican Army. Now there are new perils of a civil' war be-tween the Protestants and Catholics, of clashes between British troops and the IRA and between British troops and the Protestants, many of whom suspect that William Whitelaw, administrator of Northern Ireland, is too conciliatory toward the terrorists. On top of this, the possibility has arisen, that the renewed terror will so pollute the Ulster environment that a political settlement in an atmosphere of goodwill and trust will become impossible. Whitelaw has had an unenviable task from the beginning: trying to win the confidence of two opposite extremes and ultimately instituting reforms designed to be acceptable and just to all.

He took the right approach, but his task now is even harder than when he first inherited it. 'Dream bill9- for labor Manitoba Labor Minister Russ Paulley is causing a stir with his new labor legislation. Yet there is no sign that he has anything to teach the rest of the country. He's merely given labor what it might, in its innocence, consider a dream bill. Workers, every last one of them, will have the right to organize and strike although firemen, teachers and public servants will have to wait a year for the new rights to get to them.

Unions can organize with a 35 per cent representation vote. Union-busting and related actions would be more strictly discouraged. And the government would pull its forces out of the conciliation-mediation business. In the Manitoba context, these laws are pro- i gressive. Employers have perhaps had too strong a hand in fighting union organization.

An inherent suspicion of unions belongs to the conservative part of that curiously-split Manitoba temperament, and its history. But Mr. Paulley, a feeling and committed labor man, has merely thrown the game wide open, without offering any techniques for channeling off some of the stress factors from labor-management negotiations. He owes his province that. Aii hero unsung was 15.

He never lost a tournament In the United Slates after that time except one in which he finished second to Boris Spassky. Internationally he had competed since he was 13. He became an international grandmaster at the phenomenal age of 15. His game has improved steadily until at 29 he is considered by some to be the best player in the long history of chess. In 1970-71 he had an incredible 21-game winning streak against world-class players.

In qualifying matches for this year's world championship, he beat Mark Tai-manov of Russia and Bent Larsen of Denmark, each by a score of six games to none. He then beat ex-wrorld champion Tigran Petrosian by y2 to 2. This was in a class of chess where two-thirds of games are generally drawn. Though in peak form, it's almost a miracle that he's finally playing for the world championship. His career has been slowed by his numerous walkouts and boycotts of tournaments, generally in protest over money, playing conditions or scheduling of games (he won't play on Saturdays because of his religion).

An opportune book has just been published, The Games of Robert J. Fischer (Copp Clark, at Besides a co plete collection of Bobby's games since 1955 (660 of them), it has several essays on his background, personality and style of play. Generally the book glosses over Fischer's personal shortcomings, being rather kind to him about his more outrageous behavior, especially his occasional claims that the Russians have been cheating. The book is worth the price if only for the record of games by this exceptional chess player. Spassky plays a more varied style of chess than Fischer, and it's significant that he opened his first game with the queen's pawn, which Fischer has always spat upon.

But recent analysis apparently has shown that Fisher's defence for this opening is weak. Odds are, nevertheless, that Fischer's more open style and legendary stamina will win the championship if he doesn't walk out in the middle, that is. By Earl Green Citizen staff writer Chess fanatic, Russophobe and paranoiac he may be, but Bobby Fischer bears welcome gifts for the world of chess. In his current series with Boris Spas-sky he is providing the most publicized world championship in the history of the game, with prize money to match. He has broken the stranglehold the Russians have held on international chess for the last 25 years.

He has also brought a vigorous new style of play which hopefully will wipe out a recent trend toward defensive, dull international matches. The publicity is certainly partly deliberate, part of pre-game strategy to unnerve his opponents. But it's also a result of his peculiar personality. Fischer's mind knows no other territory than the chess board. The Yugoslavian chess master Gilgoric once said: "When I am in pleasant company, sipping fine rose wine, or when I am playing football or watching a good film, I cannot help remembering Bobby.

And I think, at this moment just like any other moment, he is sitting by his chessboard, completely indifferent to all the pleasures available to him. I have to feel pity and admiration for him." Bobby has no permanent home. He lives from hotel to hotel, always taking an inside room with no windows to distract him from his pocket chess board and collection of chess books and magazines. When training for the gruelling four and five-hour matches in big tournaments, he punches a 300-pound bag, skips rope and does underwater breathing exercises. This obsessive approach to chess didn't start as early as one might expect.

He wasn't a prodigy like Reshev-sky, who played strong chess when he was 6 years old. Bobby played at that age, but his first respectable showing in a tournament didn't come until he was 12. From then on his development exploded. Within a year he became the voungest player ever to win the junior championship of the United States. He then became U.S.

champion before he One of these pioneering peacekeepers Col. (later Gen.) H. H. Angle became the first chief military observer ef the UN military observer group in India and Pakistan. On this mercy mission he was killed in an air crash.

No textbook records his exploits, nobody knows his name, but more than many of our public servants he deserves to be remembered. The partition of the sub-continent into the states of India and Pakistan which became independent of Britain on Aug. 15, 1947, left undecided the status of the several princely states of which Kashmir was economically, strategically and ideologically the most important. A Hindu Prince ruled a Moslem majority. The decision could go either way.

So that it would go Pakistan's way and a glance at Kashmir's topography shows that the disputed region was more geopolitically akin to Pakistan than India its government mounted a proxy invasion. The tribal invaders had almost seized the capital when the maharajah, to save his throne and possibly himself, acceded to India to obtain military assistance. Indian troops, airlifted to Srinagar in a daring counter-offensive In which the strategic genius of Earl Mountbatten (then India's governor-general) could clearly be discerned, drove the invaders out of part of their occupied territory. The rival armies Readers' views Citizen ad gets mixed results Citizen Forum How about paternity leave for Pops? Ever since the last election I have been privately trying to convince the separate school board of the need for changing the method of electing trustees. I have been particulsriv emphasizing the stupidity of electing our trustees by chance rather than informed choice.

What is required is a system that will eliminate chance and substitute informed choice. The only method that will accomplish this is election of trustees by ward, the system used by most school boards in Ontario. B. Yarymowieh President Ottawa Archdiocesan Council of Catholic Parent-Teacher Associations the success of the ad, $612,918.74. Cheque enclosed: $6.24.

L. G. Levitz Ottawa Editor's note: The Citizen, while proud of the action produced by its want ads, regrets the inefficiencies that plagued Mr. Levitz. The free-days offer has now been withdrawn, and delivery has been resumed at the new Levitz abode.

School wards Editor, Citizen: David Stewart (Citizen Forum, July 6) has identified the real sore spot in school board elections, separate as well as public. quirement is not met the unit may not be able to function properly. Therefore, the father's mental health is important when a child arrives. When mother comes home from the hospital with the baby, she requires rest and sleep until she regains her strength. If father could have a week off at this time he would be able to help his wife.

We must realize that not all families can afford private nurses or other help. Paternity leave would also give dad a Editor, Citizen: Looking for a new apartment, I saw an ad in your paper, visited and rented a pleasant new living location. My old furniture was not suitable. So I placed an ad in your newspaper and sold the furniture in three days. Now to remove the ad I called Sunday evening, yes, I could cancel the four free days.

It appeared Monday. I called Monday. It appeared on Tuesday. I called Tuesday. Many apologies, but there it was on Wednesday.

On Thursday and Friday it was rumored the ad appeared again. However since my paper was no longer being delivered, after two calls to the circulation department with my new address, I was unable to certify this fact. Here is my accounting: Charged by The Citizen SS.19, Deduct: (1) newspaper, prepaid to July 15, undelivered from June 25, 1.95; (2) Nuisance to a good friend, at least four davs of unwarranted phone calls, $612,918.74. Add: My gratitude for By Eugene Margeson Most employers have accepted the fact that maternity leave is essential for the employment of women. New rules have been incorporated so that women may feel free to have a child and know they will be able to go back to work.

'It took a long time for women to obtain justice. How long will men have wait? We will soon have to accept the right of a father. Paternity leave is just as essential as maternity leave. Paternity leave would be much shorter than maternity leave. A week, two at the most, would suffice.

The unwed father would not figure in this type of leave at the moment. However, if our outlook on marriage and responsibilities of parenthood changed, we would have to recognize the rights of the unwed father. For most people the birth or adoption of a child is a wonderful experience. The man and his wife are made parents by their first child. From then on they arc no longer a couple but a family unit.

This small unit in our social structure requires that its members be healthy in both body and mind. If this re chance to feel he is still a member of the family. He could learn a few things about care of a baby. Poor dad can have a few off-days during this time. We have to remember that a father's role is much larger than one of the bill-payer.

He also needs a little more understanding and sympathy. After all, he is like a spare tire, getting very little attention. Also, the increased responsibilities of fatherhood are upon him. If there is already a child in the family dad will be needed even more. An older child will miss the attention he got before.

The baby takes up a lot of mother's time. This is when dad can be of some good use. He can give a little extra attention to the older child and make him feel he is just as important as he was before the baby came. Father needs this paternity leave to regroup his thoughts, to organize his family finances, to adjust to the baby, to help mother around the house and with baby, to give a little attention to other children in the family, and in general, to unwind emotionally. After one or two weeks father could return to work knowing that all is well at home.

Eugene Margeson is an Ottawa schoolteacher and a father of two a year-old son, and a daughter born last month. Citizen Forum is Hie place to air your suggestions or complaints on matters of current concern. Typewritten submissions of up to 800 words are welcomed. Send them to Citizen Forum, The Ottawa Citizen, Box 8855, Ottawa K1G 3J6. Sorry, vnused manuscripts cannot be returned.

A note to correspondents The Citizen publishes only signed correspondence. No pseudonyms are permitted. Writers are requested to provide their address and telephone number to facilitate checking for authenticity and accuracy. Tliese details will not be published All letters are subject to editing for length, general interest and good taste. They shoidd be limited to a maximum of 200 words..