The National Tribune from Washington, District of Columbia • Page 2

THE NATIONAL TRIBUNE: WASHINGTON, D. 0.. THURSDAY JULY 18. 1895. have occurred at one moment to everyone of them.

Grant and the Generals jtanding with him on Orchard Knob had no thought of their going beyond the first works; nor had the officers with the troops. Had it been suggested So them in their calmer moments, they would have scouted it as foolhardy and impossible. But the men began pressing forward toward the summit, and though some of the officers made the mistake of trying to recall them, the most of them caught the enthusiasm of the moment, and rushed on with their men. Grant was astounded and angry, but before he could do anything he was still more astonished to see the troops, despite the terrible fire rained down upon them, gain the summit, and sweep before them. How they managed to do it is as much of a mystery to-day as ever.

The troops they routed 19th Ohio Battery, Gex. Samuel Bbaty's Tan Ci.eve's Division, TWEKTV-FJKST CORPS. from strong works at the summit of a most difficult ascent were precisely the Eame ones who had charged them with Euch fiery persistence but a few weeks More on the bloody field of Chicka-mauga. One would have said that they could have held that frowning Ridge forever against all the troops that the Union commanders could hurl against it But the assault was successful along the whole line, and when the November night shut down the rebel army was flying from every part of the field, leaving behind artillery, stores, and thousands of prisoners. So ended another great chapter in the history of the war for the Union, and the field in the West was cleared for the mighty Atlanta Campaign of the following year.

THE MILITARJ PAR. National Character of Hie around Chattanooga Nearly ISvery State Hart a Strong Kvpreseiitalloti Inception of tlic Idea of Making a National Park There. KATIOKAL CHARACTER OF TIIE STRUOGLE. The battles around Chattanooga were the most thoroughly National battles of the war. Every State in the South, and nearly every one in the Isorth, had regiments and batteries there, and Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee had a strong representation on both sides.

The United States had nine organizations of Regulars there. It differed in this respect from Gettj'sburg, which was largely fought by troops from east of the Alleghenies. The suggestion that a National Park be established there was therefore an obvious one; and when it was first made in 1888 by Gen. Fred Van Derveer, who had commanded a brigade on the "bloody fields with signal ability and Gen. H.

V. Boynton, who commanded regiment under him, the suggestion met -with enthusiastic reception, both TSbrth and South. At the meeting of the Society of the Army of the Cumberland that year, the suggestion took practical shape in the appointment of a committee, consisting of Gens. Cist, Manderson, Alger, Baird, and Boynton, lo take charge of the matter. This committee met in "Washington in February, 1889, and decided to invite Confederates representing those who had fought there to meet with them.

A Joint Chickamauga Memorial Association was formed and incorporated, and the enterprise was formally lanched at a joint meeting of the Union and Confederate veterans, held at Chattanooga, Sept It), 1889. The attendance was very large; speeches -were made by Gen. Kosecrans and other Union veterans, and by prominent mpn on the Confederate side. The Association was completed and officers elected. Each State was given a number of incorporators proportionate to the number of troops it had upon the field.

During the "Winter following, when it wasdecided to ask the assistance of Con gress, the conclusion was arrived at to enlarge the original scope of the plan so to include all the ground which had been fought over for the possession of Chattanooga. Therefore, Gen. Boynton, who has been the most active promoter of the work, and to whose intelligent and earnest persistence the entire success of the matter is largely due, drew a bill authorizing the purchase by the Government of the entire field of Chickamauga, and the acquirement of the main roads leading to and through that field, and those along Missionary Ilidge and thence over Lookout Mountain as Approaches." The Secretary of War, acting through a Commission of his own 'selection, was -authorized to establish the "Chickamauga and Chattanooga Military Park." The bill, -which authorized the purchase of 15 square miles of battlefield, was ably managed in the House by Gen. C. H.

Grosvenor, who had distinguished himself in the battle, passed by the Senate without opposition, and was approved by President Harrison Aug. 19, 1890. Secretary Proctor, who took a deep interest in the work, appointed as the two civilian members of the Commission Gen. J. S.

Fullerton, who was Chief of Staff to Gen. Gordon Granger in the battle, and Gen. Alex. P. Stewart, who commanded a division of the Confederate amy at Chickamauga, and afterward a S.

C. Kellogg, of the 4th Children Cry for I A i'li III I t. U. S. who served on the sfaff of Gen.

Thomas, was appointed as the representative of the Regular Army, aud served in that capacity until he was sent to Paris, when his place was taken by Maj. Frank G. Smith, who commanded Battery 4th U. S. Art, at Chickamauga, and held his place on Snodgrass Hill until the final withdrawal of the army.

Gen. H. V. Boynton was appointed Historian. WHAT HAS BEEN DONE.

"Work was begun at once, and has been pushed forward with the greatest vigor. This is shown by the immense amount accomplished. The entire ground fought over at Chickamauga has been acquired from the owners, and restored as nearty as possible to its conditions at the time of the battle. Forests which have grown up in what were then open fields have been cut oft', buildings erected since the war have been removed, the grounds since cleared arc being replanted with trees. The only change has been the cutting away of the underbrush, so as to allow all parts of the lines to be visible.

The roads running through the fields' have been restored to their original directions, and converted into substantial, easily-traveled boulevards, which make superb drives. These improvements cover all the ground from Chickamauga River to the road to Mc-Farland's Gap, and extending northward from Lee Gordon's Mills, which was the right of our line, to a point' 600 yards north of the Cloud House, where our hospitals were. Three steel "Observation Towers," each 70 feet high, stand at prominent points within sight of one another, and give an opportunity of studving the whole field. The first is at Hall's Ford, where Bragg's army first formed for battle; the second is near Sawmill, where the battle actually began and the third on Snodgrass Hill, where it ended. MARKING THE FIKT.D.

The following description of the markers on the field is taken from Gen. I V. Bovnton's The National Military "The plan of marking the lines-of-battlc is to designate them both by monuments and historical tablets. The Government erects the monuments to the regular regiments and batteries and the tablets. The erection of monuments to mark the positions of volunteer organizations is left to the States.

The historical tablets are of iron with the lettering cast as a part of the plate. They are each four feet by three. They are of several classes as, those for army headquarters, corps, divisions, and brigades. The first named show the corps which make up the armies with their commanders the corps tablets show the divisions and their commanders; the division tablets show the brigades which compose them and their commanders; while the brigade tablets cany the organization to the individual regiments and batteries and their commanders in the battle. Tliere are also staff tablets of uniform size with others giving the names of the respective staff officers.

The historical tablets each present "from 200 to 300 words of text setting forth in condensed yet comprehensive form the movements at the points where theT are erected. Both sides have equal attention in the erection of these tablets. The only distinctive mark is the letter for Union in the upper right-hand corner, and the letter for Confederate. 3Gth Ohio Tciichin's Bbigadk, Reynolds's Division, Foujitkenth Aemy Coups. Spt.

10. 18G3. Thlo redolent. Col. Win.

O. Jones commanding, who chkhkcU from 4 p. tn. tilt p. in and near the Brock Field, about p.

in. makinjj cUnrce arid liiklnfr oue priwjiicrv. Oil. Junes, leinjr wounded. Li I.

)cvol nuBUwcd command Sfept. 20. ThN position was lield by the regiment from 7 a. in. to 0.30 p.

when it was ordered to retire to ltoisvilte. Jit exeeuifnir tlilt order ttie regiment, with the rest of the bricade, cltnrgcd the enemy then exteiidim; acroM the road near McDonnld'x Holme, drfvinc them mid cHpturiiiR nbout prisoners. Lohs, killed, 12, Including Col. Jones ootninnndin; wounded, 65; captured or missing, 14; total, 'JL- Following are specimens of several hundred tablets erected on the field No. 23.

C. Field Headquarters, Army of Tennessee. Gon. Braxton Brapg. Sept, 19, 18G3.

Polk's Corp6 Leon id as Polk. Hill's Corps Daniel II. Hill. Reserve Corps V. H.

T. Walker. Buckner's Corps en. Sirnou Bolivar ttuekner. Lonnstrcet's Corps John B.

Hood. Wheeler's Corps (Cavalry) Joseph Wheeler. Forrest's Corps (Cavalry) Nathan Forrest. By reason of Rosecrans'e flanking movement over Lookout ilountnin south of Chattanooga, BrjB withdrew from that city bfpt. 7 and 8, and on Mia Oth established Headquarters at Snow Hill, near Lee Gordon's Mill, his lines extending from that point to LaFayette, fronting the gaps in Pigeon Mountain aud Lookout Mountain, beyond.

Orders were issued at mid-night of the 9th to Hind man and Hill for an attack by way of Davis's Cross-Bonds upon Gou. Thomas's Corps at Stevens's Gap. Theso wore repented at midnight of the 30th from Bragg's Headquarter, then at LaFayette. This movement miscarried. Sept.

12 Gen. Polk was ordered with his own and Walker's Corps, supported by Buckner's, to attack Crittendon's Corps, then bupposed to be divided in tho region between Lee Gordon's 31111 and Ringgold. This movement also miscarried. The night of thclTcb, Bragg, from ljis Headquarters at Loot's Tan-yard, ordered a crossing of the Chickamauga at Rcod'B aud Alexander's Bridges, aud lie fords above them, with thedesigu of attacking Crittenden's Corps, which was then tho Union left, at Lee Gordon's Mill. Tho crossing was accomplished on tho afternoon aud night the ISth and early on the 19th, and orders were given for attack at about 8 o'clock Pitcher's Castoria.

of tho 19th. Rragg's Headquarters wcro established nt Thedford's Ford. No. 75. U.

Eesorvo Corps. Gordon Granger. Sept. 20, 1SC3; 1 p. First Division James B.

Stocdman. Second Brigade, Second Division Col. Dauiol McCook, On tho morning of tho 20th of Septembor tho Rcsorvo Corps was in the. vicinity of Mc A fee's Church, two and one-quarter miles north-cast of this point. Gen.

Granger, about noon, judging by tho firing that Gen. Thomas Was hard pressed, marched in hasto with Stcodnian's Division to his nssislanco, guided by the sound of tho guns, and without orders. While passing this point at 1 o'clock, Forrest's cavalry attacked his flank without delaying him. Ho deployed Whitakor's Brigade upon tho high ground west of this road, aud drovo tho enemy's cavalry away from tiro Union Hospital nt Cloud's Spring. He then sont back for Mo-Cook's Brigade, of Gon.

J. 1). Morgan's Division, and posting it on tho crest noxt south of Cloud's House and west of McDonald's, rapidly pressed onward with tho rest of his command to tho Snodgrass House, wlioro ho reported to Gen. Thomas. There Stccdman's Division went immediately into action on the right of Thomas's lino, repulsing tho enemy's troops, who were in tho act of turning that flank.

At p. m. tho division withdrew unrtor orders to tho next ridce, in tho rear, followod by tho enemy to tho foot of that ridge. Loss in tho battle, all but 31 of which was in Steed man's two brigades, during tho afternoon of Sept. 20: Killed, 215: wounded, 97G; missing, G31 total, 1,822.

Strength of Stecdman's two brigades in action, 3,913. Botween 1 o'clock and p. m. tho killed and wounded numbered 3.732. Percentage of loss, -11.

Of 21G oflicors, 103 wcro killed or wounded. Porcentngo, 45.8. "Beside the large historical tablets there are guide tablets at every crossroads, giving distances and direction to the prominent points of the field, and many locality tablets marking the sites of houses and fields which were landmarks in the battle, points where prominent officers were wounded, and where notable captures of prisoners or guns occurred. Hans C. ITeg, Cot.oxei., Cosr- 3IANDING THIRD BRIGADE, DAVIS'S Division, Mobtai.iv Wounded JIkuij about -I r.

19, 16G3. The fighting positions of all batteries will be marked, as they are identified, by guns of the same kind used in the battle by the battery, mounted upon cast-iron carriages, painted so as to be an exact representation of the carriage of 1861. The Chief of Ordnance, Gen. D. V.

Flagler, and his assistant, Capt. V. McNally, took every pains to procure from the stock of old guns on hand in the various arsenals, enough of the kinds used by the So Union and 39- Confederate batteries engaged, to carry out the plan. The spots where general officers, or those exercising the command of a general officer, were killed or mortally wounded, are marked by triangular P3'ramids of eight-inch shells, 10 feet in hight. A tablet on each gives name, rank, and army of the officer killed.

There were four of these on each side, all commanding brigades, namely: Col. Philemon P. Baldwin, Col. Hans C. Beg, Col.

Edward A. King, and William H. Lytle, on the Union side and Col. Peyton II. Colquitt, Ben.

HardfcHelm, James Deshler, and Preston Smith, on the Confederate. The lines of the rude works used by each side in various parts of the field have been found and are to be restored." When the work is completed, not only can the general line-of-battle be followqd through the changes of the two days of fighting, but the different positions of every regiment and battery can be ascertained. ''THE APPROACHES." Marking tho Other ISntllcflultls around Chattanooga. The battlefield of Chickamauga is considered the Park proper, btit the Commission has, under the name of "The Approaches," secured, marked, and otherwise improved the scenes of nearly all the heavy fighting around the town. It has acquired the whole of Orchard Knob, which was the Headquarters of Gens.

Grant, Thomas, and Gordon Granger, during the Mission Eidge fight. is an isolated knoll, about 60 feet high, containing six acres of ground, and standing about niHTway between Chattanooga and the Kidgo. Tracts have been secured on Lookout Mountain, three acres of ground on Mission Kidge where Bragg had his Headquarters, and a spur of the llidge which juts out toward Chattanooga oh posite the left of the line of assault of the Army of the Cumberland. Upon these two, two steel observation towers have been erected, which give fine views of the scene of operations. All these are fully marked, and many regiments have also placed monuments there.

MAGNIFICENT ROADS. If the Commission had done nothing else to justify its existence, the magnificent roads which it has built would be suflicent lo give it enduring fame. If the battlefieldsjiave been made a splendid text-book on military tacticstho roads are the best of object lessons tothc South and tho whole country onrptho much-neglected science of highway-ihak-ing. There are 3G miles of these, as follows Miles. Mission Ridge Creat Road 8.40 Great to Lafayette Road 1.00 Rossvillo to Lookout Mountain 3.150 J2ait base of Lookout to Lookont Creek.

2.40 Rossville to north line of Park 3.00 Rossville to McFarland's Gap 2.77 McFarinncPs Gap to Crawfish Springs G.23 Hecd'igBridge to Ringgold -00 Crawfish Springs to Glass's Mill It seems impossible that such roads, and such scenerVj a3 lies along them, apart from the historical interest, can bo equaled in the United States, and it will not be long until their fame as drives will be National. REGIMENTAL MONUMENTS. ILIIiornl Action ty thojSJatc In Coinmeuio-rnling tho Valor or Their Citizens. All the States represented on the field have taken great interest in the matter of the Park, 'fcbmmissions from ail have visited the battlefield, aud or taken the steps toward locating, the positions occupied by their troops. Ohio, which had the largest number of organizations at Chicknmauga of any State except Tennessee, led off with an appropriation of 90,000 for monuments to her 55 regiments and batteries.

Minnesota did even better by giving 15,000 for her three regiments. Massachusetts put up two splendid monuments, and New York gave $81,000 for her 14 regiments and two batteries. All the other States are following suit, and it is expected that in time every regiment and battery will have its monument upon the field. OL' lUIX ItEYNOLDS'S 'DOrTED SON. nv c.vit.

jack citAVronD. tith poet bcout. Wo nil looked clown on llio little cum When lio come to scliool with tho rcht of uj, Iil9t 'cntno lie wnr nn ndoplccl bos, From orplinn 'avium in Illinoy. 3Io lind no pnrctit, lcnttrrisc ho auld, I'ttr nil lie knowed holh oti'cin wnr' dotul "Died 'fore I wns born," lie Hniil to me, "Wen I chnflcJ him nbout his pedigree. ITe ihWl seem fur to hnve bit O1 figlitiu' motnl or spunky crlt, Ittit tuk our whirs In quiet way.

An' endured our torment dny nfter dny. Without so much nnss-bnok word. No nintterhow olTn or hnrd rvcipurrctl; Tho butt o' llio scliolml4 fur wicked fuu Wnr' OP Uill Reynolds's Mooted son. TTo Inrnl Ida lesions the lencher flnld, Wen tho term wnr' over ho'd be nhend Of all us soholnrds mrth nn' shore, If wo didn't'lend to our kultlln' moro. An' u'eu llic examinfUion come, The Uonrd o' Iii rector jca' struck ns dumb, Hy Kivln' the prizes, every one, To Oi' Bill Reynolds's Mopted son.

Tills made us wild, nn' wc up nn' swora We wouldn't ro to thnt school no mort Unless (he Directors fix it so Thnt little reperbnlo couldn't ro. Ihiluforc the school Ink up wo henrd Thnt 01 Hill Reynolds somehow perforrcd To send him into the city, ivlinr' A big, hifiilulin' nendemy wnr'. He como lo Hill's on a visit twice, Dressed up, nn' looklu uncommon nice, But never showed tip on the vIUriRO street, like ho was 'fcard of us boys he'd meet. 'T wnr' wise perceedln', fur none of ua 'D nosneinto with liie nntnelcss cuss Thnt hnd no mnru'n the ono Of Of Uill Reynolds's 'dupted eon. It sorlersiirprlscd us w'en somedno rend A piece In the city pnper nt snid Tlmt Hoiier'blo Seuntor lllnke hnd set On him furn West I'ofnt school endet.

Ol' Bill moved wo never henrd 'Moncsl nil us boys not niiollicr word, Till tlte bis Scccsaioh war'U beRun, Of Ol' Uill Reynolds's Mopted sou. Most of us ol' schoolfellcra went At the fust brenk-out o' Hie devilment. An' I reckon thnr' wnn't wilder cuss Tlmn me in that hullTcbelHon muss. Disiputiu' nn' phiylri' elirds'; Tlic Bcum o' the ritfment fur my pnrds Never stopped filr nMircnthln' spell In my reckless run fur the Rates hell! It seems like nighlmnre, lookin' hack A quarrel pistol'. crack A schoolboy comrndo by my hnnd shiln A liniid impelled by ft runi-crnzed brnin.

Tho drend court-martini, my qulck-druwn brenlb, As I heard tho words, "To bo shot to dentil!" The nnmcleBs terror thnt clunj: to mo As I peered o'er the brink of eternity I My mother enme, with her pnle, ind fnee, From our vitiligo homo to my prison plnce Cnmo with the old-time. Kind voice hushed Cnmc with henrt my hnnd hnd crushed. Kissed nud cmbrnccd mens of yore, Called mo hprdiirllne; o'ernnd o'er. Humbly kneil by my Hidcnud prayed Thnt tho stern lmr.d of justice mlht bo stayed. Her face rcflcclcd her heart's keen pnins As alio hoard the rinic o' my clnnkin' chains; I2vcs thnt beamed lore In tho bygone yenrs Were dulled with sorrow's most bitter tears.

Her hnnd on my buruiii' hcitd ulio lnld. An' bade me pray us I never prayed. Ah for me with IrcmblltigKlep ulio went With ono hist hope to the General's tent. Tho ensuin' hour seemed year to me, Ah 1 w.ilted thnr' In my misery. ThoHcntry with sympathetic face1 Marched to nnd fro with funcrnl pneo.

O'er the face o' the sun thnr' crept cloud, l'ilmy nn wblto ns coflln nbroud. An' rnvcii on distant wooded slope, (Seemed to croak tho wnrnin': "No hope! No hope!" Down through tho aisles o' tho tented enmp dune pqiind of gunrds with iv trump, trnmp, tramp. Half dazed I marched 'mid the pdistenin' guns, Rome proudly by Union's bluo-clxd soiih, Marched to hendqunrtees an' blood before The ment commander, whose broad brow woro Undyin laurels his skill hnd won, On a dozen fields 'ueiilli the Southern sun. My brnin war' awhirl The ovents now seem Ah the ehndowy memories of a dream Tiiosmiloo' my mother, and but sweet. As alio on a stool at tho General's feet.

I enn see tho General's courtly Krnco, As he raised his eyes to my pnllid face "My boy, your mother's prayers have won; You are pardoned by Roynoids'a Mopted son W'en I go to the 'catnpmcnla every year, No one bss a louder, heartier cheer Than whun our Genernls rido along, The idols of Hint blue-coated throng. Uul I've got one special cheer 'at I'll keep Till at our great hero I get peep, An' then Strings liko Hnrrotl gun Fur Ol' Hill Reynolds's Mopted son. Dtinfli. Ninety-nine oufcTof i'very hundred human lrcings, ny3 Dr. Cyrus JiMson, nrc unconscious for several hours hefoni'dcath comes to them.

All the majesty of intellect, the tender heauty of thoughts, or sympathy, or charity, tho verylovo of those forHvliQin. love has filled all waking thoughts disappear. As a little baby just born into thcwbrld'is buta little animal, so the sage, the philosopher, the hero, the statesman, becomes ))ift a dying aninml at the last. Ainercifiil'tinconseiousncsl sets in jus tho mysterious' force wc call life takes leave of its last the heart, and what is has become what was. This is death.

In the Morning At this BenHon many people complain that they are tired, and thnt the nighthns not given them rest and sleep. It is because the blood is not iu the right condition. It should bo purified, enriched nnd vitalized and given nourishing power by tho use of Hood's Sarsaparilla which is the one great blood purifier. By making pure, rich blood, Hood'a Sarsaparilla overcomes That Tired Feeling. UaaHa E)it9 tho after-dinner pill nnd rGQC3 "SilS family cathartic.

25o. "OLD FOLKS JJT HOME" Stephen C. Foster's Sonss Have Molded tlic World's Conception of the Plantation Of tho millions of people io whom tho melody of tho "Suwnnee Kiver" is nfl familiar as their own names, only a small proportion know anything about the personality of its gifted author. A atill smaller proportion know that the same author also wrote "Old Black Joe," "Old Dog Tray," "Old Uncle Ned," "Old Kentucky Home," "Nellie Was a Lndy," and scores of other popular negro nnd sentimental songs, says the Chicago Timcs-Hcrald. The author cf all these wa3 Stephen Collins Foster, of Pittsburg, Fa.

Interest in Fosters memory is just now going through revival in the efforts which his Pittalmrg admirers aro making to erect monument to his memory in Shenley I'ark, in that city. Besides tho interest which co'meR through tho product of his genius, the inimitable songs he has given to the world, Chicago has an additional interest in Stephen Foster, from the fact that his only child, a daughter, is a resident of this city. Mrs. Marion Foster "Welch is authority for tho following sketch of the life of her distinguished father: Stephen Collins Foster was born Jnly 4, IS2G, in the village of Lawrcnceville, then a suburb of Pittsburg, but now a part of the city proper. Tho old Foster homestead stood near what is now the junction of Penn and Butler streets.

It is a family tradition that on the day of his birth Stephen's father had invited a number of army oflicers from the arsenal and barracks nt Pit-tshurg to partake of a sort of patriotic dinner at the Foster home-Stead, and that Stephen first saw tho light nbout noon, jnst when the Nation's birthjlny was being celebrated by the usual salvos of artillery, drum-heating, nnd other military ceremonies commemorative of that event. There is no record that tho distinguished song-writer's early life was materially different from that of most boys. He played truant, perhaps, a little more than the average schoolboy, as he early evinced a taciturn disposition, manifesting a strong inclination to be alone with Nnture; and this ho often accomplished at the expense of his instruction by giiug to the woods instead of to schooJ. At 13 he wnt on a visit to his older brother, wltn lived nt Towanda, aud while there attended the collego at Athens, which was an institution of learning with a high reputation at that time. It waa here that he made his debut as a composer, arranging the ''Tioga Waltz," a quartet for the flute, which was performed at the commenqement exercises of the college with fine effect, and gained much credit and reputation for t'ne young composer.

Ife returned home when he wai nhont 15 years old and entered Jefferson College, at Citnnonshtirg. About this time the young jnnn'd decided musical bent began to manifest itself, much to tho regret of tho other members of the family, who were prominent in the jocinl and business world of the Pitta-burgof that day. The youngman, however, continued to devote himself to the study of music, to the noglccTpf what his friends considered more important branches of education. At this time he is described as being rather tall and slender, with a preoccupied air which at times amounted almost to melancholy. Ife formed few close friendships, seeming to prefer being alone with his own thoughts.

His favonto haunts were the neighboring woods and streams, where he had opportunity to hold communion with nature in its most-attractivo form to a mind of poetic bent. About tins time he eomposed several of his famous negro melodies, beginning with Louisiana Belle," and ibllowud by Old Uncle Ned," "Oh, Susanna," "Way Down South," etc. It is worthy of notice here that at I his time young Foster had never been sonth of Mason Dixon's line, nnd his ideas of negro character and dialect must have been gathered either from fugitive slaves or such free colored people an he chanced to meet about Pittsbnrg. Indeed, there is a notable lack of keen insight into the real character of the Southern negro man-ilested in Foster's songs. The genuine plantation darky was a very different being from Foster's delineation.

Surrounded by all the depressing and brutalizing tendencies of slavery, without any hereditary racial instincts or subsequent educational training to develop that love of home nnd its environments so dear to the Anglo-Saxon henrt, the Southern negro of Fosters tuno wns careless, happy, good-natured soul, who, if ever ho had a thought of home and mother when away, gave little evideuce of regret or melancholy in his manner. Tho remarkable thing about Foster's songs is that, though failing to portray negro character as it really existed, they not only molded the outside world's conception of that character, but gave a decided bias to the idea in which his white owners and associates regarded him. Moreover, it is unquestionably true that the sentiment of Foster's songs did much to mold the negro's own idea of himself. Viewed from this standpoint, these simple, touching melodies have performed a double purpose. While pleasing with their exquisite sentiment and pathos they have no doubt exerted an in-lluence on the people of which they nre sung.

The next important event in his life wns his marriage in 1850 to Jane McDowell, daughter of Dr. A. N. McDowell, a leading physician of Pittsburg of that day. With his wife he moved almost immediately to New York City, taking lodgings in Greene street, but subsequently moving to Hoboken, where I hey sot up housekeeping.

Here he composed the "Suwanee Kiver," or, as he named it, the "Old Folks at Home," which is undoubtedly the mostpopular of hi3 songs, and which probably stands as close second in universal -popularity to John Howard Payne's immortal production. It is said that The Old Folks at Home" was written during a tit of homesickness and despondency attending the poet's iirat few months in the metropolis. The name of the Suwanee Iliver was selected by chance. With his brother, Morrison Foster, Stephen was one day hunting through an atlas for tho name of some river in tho South which would suit tho rhythm oMhe song which was running iu his mind. Finally his brother pointed ont the Suwauce remarking, "That is the name you want." It wna adopted and immortalized iu the popular song which generally goes now by that titlo instead of the one selected by tho composer.

In 1845, Foster, at the urgent solicitation of friends, undertook to break away from his hong-writing proclivities. He went to Cincinnati and took a place ns book-keeper in the office of his uncle, Dunning Foster. While there ho made tho acquaintance of W. C. Peters, a music dealer and publisher, to whom ho made a present of the manuscript of "Old Uncle Ned" and "Oh! Susanna." Mr.

Peters made $10,000 out of these songs. Commercial life proved utterly distasteful lo the young poet, and ho returned to Pittsburg when he was about 21 years old, and gave his entire attention to writing songs. Sheer homesickness brought the young man nnd his Wifo bnck to Pittsburg, where they lived until I860, when they returned to New York. During this period between 1850 and 18G0 he wroto his beat songs, although Old Black Joe was written after his return to Now York. E.

P. Christy, a popular minstrel of the day, paid Mr. Foster $500 for tho privilege of singing "Tho Old Folks at Home" on the stage, nnd made much reputation out of it, both for himself and tho author. Since then Pnttiand other celebrated singers have delighted the most highly-cultivated audiences with their brilliant rendering of this popular song. During his last visit to the United States, Sir Edwin Arnold, in some of hia wnndering3, crossed the Suwanee Kiver, nnd on his return to London gave a highly poetic a graphic account of the incident iu tho Telegraph, showing the wonderful impression the simple words nnd melody of the song had made on his mind.

Tho poet's remnins were taken to Pittsbnrg and interred in the family lot in tho old burying ground belonging to Trinity Chnrch. Thirty yenra after his friends and admirers in his old home now propose to erect a shaft to his memory, and it may be hoped that the monument will awaken interest among tho American people in this gifted writer of popular songs, just as a similar movement made popular the life history of John Howard Payne, who gavo the world tho' song which has delighted it most, "Home, Sweet Home." "THE CANNONEER. A Comrade's Compliments to Illrn. Caknoukkk." Comrade: I want to congratulate yon upon your clear and truthful statements in your concluding chapters of "Mink's Battery," contained in Tns National TuiBuN'n of July 4. I was a member of the 1st Minn.

You have probably heard of the regiment. I am inclined to disagree with yon, however, as to the men who must take the place of the Grand Army. I am asking nothing from Undo Sam probably would get nothing if I 03ked. I teach my sons that at their country's call they mnst drop everything and go. When the war is over," though decrepit, crippled and suffering from they will probably be damned as hummers and coflcc-cooiers and kicked ont of the way for dndea and foreign riff-raff, and refused pensions, or dropped from the pension-list on report of some secret political spy but they must go just the same.

The flower of onr boys will go again and again, receive tho same disgracful treatment. Shake hands, old comrade. We will go soon, but our boys will take care of what is left. Yours Franklin' PAiNE.DuIutb, Minn. Old Stable Call IJeforo tho War.

Editor National Tribune: The words we used in the Old. Army Stable Call were: Go to the stfiblo "While you nro able. Old Ew ell iicoralnjr, Sly brAve Capt. Ewell, commanding Troop 1st Dragoons, (afterward Gen. Ewell of the C.S.

army,) was always watching the boys to see if they turned ont promptly, so they made up the song "Old Ewell is coming." Martin Sciiacht, Sanlt de Sainte Marie, Mich. TTyelcnlc Aspect of Jnry Service. T. D. Crolhers, it.

in, the Popular Science Monthly. The diet of hotels, consisting of rich meats and desserts in great variety, is usually different from the average food of tho average juryman, particularly of the working class. The result is always over-eating and under-exer-cise. This alone would quickly break up or disorder the mental activities. In addition to this, the confinement in the bml air of Courtrooms brings new sources of poisoning, particularly deficient oxidation, which of itself is sufficient to derange tho normal brain functions.

The crowded room3 at hotels are either overheated and badly ventilated or cold and noisy. The time for retiring and rising varies, and the usual habits of the juryman nre changed in every respect. Hi3 accustomed, food, sleep, and exereise, and his manner of thinking, and the subject of his thonght3 arc all broken up. He is asked to follow an intricate chain of reasoning, and discriminate the errors, and told that this is true and that is trne, and that the law should lead hint to some other point. Ho is flattered, and his pride is aroused to do the best $2.50 BOOK, FREE1 WE ARE GIVING IT AWIY TO OUR SUBSCRIBERS AS A FREE PREMIUM 100,000 sold at $2.50 NOW OFFERED FREE J08IAH, 8AMANTHA.

There has been but one hoof: written since IfABK TWAIN'S palmy days that has possessed his power to charm by wit, and fascinate by fidelity to nature, THAT LITEEAETj SENSATION IS amantha aratega, BY', JOSIAH ALLEN'S WIFE (marietta hoixkt). THE BOOK was written nnder the inspiration of a Biiminer season 'raid the world of fashion at Saratoga, the proudest pleasure resort of America, where Princes of the old world, with Congressmen, Presidents, Millionairea, Railroad King3, and Princes of Commerce of onr own great nation with their wives, their beautiful daughters, and all the gayest butterflies of fashion luxuriate in balmy breezes, display their personal charms. costlj jewels, exquisite equipages, and revel in All the Extremes of Fashionable Dissipation. Josiak Allen's Wife" 13 in a vein of "to strong common sense that is pure and innocent 1 -j as the prattle of a child, keeps tho reader con-Il CVcr itantly enjoying It talks of FOLXIE3, FLIRTATIONS, LOW-2TECKED DRESSING, ml3YiiGl0Q3j TOBoaaANiNO, in the author's inimitable and anRTH-Pxovoxisa style. OPIMONS OF GRITIGS.

jprgff Unparalleled Offer" Pfggj Until recently this work was held at tho high subscription price 0 $2.50, but lately to put it in the reach of everybody it has been published in cheaper form, of which the above cut is an exact picture. It is exquisitely bound in cloth, stamped in ink and gilt, printed from new typo and on fine paper. "We ofFer this wittiest and most humorous book to our Bubscribers on most reasonable termr- OUR OFFER. To everyone who sends 113 Three Subscribers before Jnly 1 we will send copy of the book postpaid Free of all cost. We will send the book and The National Tribune one year to any address for $1.50.

Present snbscribers can obtain the book sent posfc-niirl ljv remitting us 50 Address paid by TRIBUNE, Washington, I. C. PAHMJ Z. Opinions rendered as to the novelty and patentability of inventions and validity of patents. Rejected applications nrcse-cuted.

All business relating to patonts promptly attondod to. he can. He grows moro incapacitated daily, as tho evidence accumulates, and his system becomes deranged. Then, in despair, he will suddenly form some conclusion, guided by a fancy for somo attorney or some remark by the judge- Da OU OU isit; I5IT xriil 2 I CllUWLUIlC i Park? Send me SIX CENTS In stamps for I SKETCHES of WONDERLAND! 11 A3. 8.

TJ5E. Qen'l Passenger Agonl, I NORTHERN PACIFIC IK KAILKUAU st. rATTZy Jizxy. 1 THE GREATEST RAILROAD OH EARTH SANTA FE BOUTE, Teachers and others ffotnp; to JTatlonat Educational Association meetln? at Dfnver.ln July, should remera berllmt the San'-i onVrs tut tow rates su any bodr clsf, with better service. Spwlal inducements to smal or partle3.

Through P-illrmui sleepers and tno chair cat Chicotto. St X.ou!s and Kansm City to Denver. One hundred miles' uper vlow of Rncky Mount atn.1, between Pueblo and Denver. Privilege of attend-lag SummT cchool, Colorado Sprtnspi.on return trip. Low-rate excursions Into th motintnlai After meeting over.

ticket rates, descriptive pamphlet, eta, address, General Eostern Agnt.ew Yorlc City. Eastern Passensrr Agent, 27ew York Cltyv OTTO FA Traveling Passenger Agent, Philadelphia. A SPECIALTY'S? tlarr JtlLOOO ifOlSOS permanently cured In 15 to 35 dars. You can be treated ad homo forsame price under sntnoffuaran I ty. if yon prefer to come hero TT9TTlIIcon tract to parrallroadfareandhotelbllls.andt nochnrxe.lf -we fall to euro.

If youhavetafcenmer enry, Iodide potah, and still have aches and paina.Mucoug Patches la mouth, 3oro Throat. Pimples, Copper Colored Spots, Ulcers on any part of tho body, Hair or Eyebrows falling? oat. it Is this Secondary BLOOD POISOS" wo guarantee to cure. Wo solicit tho moat ob3tl-nate cases and challenge tho 'world for casoTre cannot core. This disease hna always baffled tli skill of the most eminent physl-.

cianff. capital behind, onr nncondl' tlonal guaranty. Absolut proofs Bent scaled oa application. Address COOK RE5IEDY CO 307 JUuaonic Temple, CHICAGO, Xd ida3 9 FIFTEEN DAY9. I will send FKEE to any man tho prescription, with a new and poslti vo remedy.

A. sure cure for all Teakness In yonuir or old Cures Falling: jtfandood, Nervous Weakness, ami kindred Diseases In 15 days; novo returns. "W1U also ftr-nlab. remedies 1 desired. Correspondence private.

Addres3 T. C. Earns News Dealer, Box 353, Marshall, Mich. Ki Arrests In 4S hours thoso Injections tail to cure. All flVi nfrwttnn'i wnicn tronoina ana wiorfc.

PO.HT rRKS iSl.OO RESH EASTJ)B yw L- TSwtwl a LDOD POISQH WEIV-MANronMnsp Exceedingly amusing." Eose Elizabeth. CIOTfrJ land. Delicious Will Carleton. "It is an evangel of the keenest sarcasm on "in follies of fashion." Lutheran Observer. I So excruelatlngly fuuny, wo had to sit back and laugh until the tears came "Weekly Witness.

u'' "unquestionably her best." Detroit Free Press. Bitterest satire, coated with the sweetest of ex h'lfirtttlmr fun." Blahon Newman. GEORGE E. LEMON, Lemon Building, Washington, D. C.

ATTORNEY AT LAW flJlD SOItlCITOR OF fljraiCAH flJlD FOHEIGfi patents: EatablishoJ 18G5. Send for 87-Pjj Pamphtot I.