The San Francisco Examiner from San Francisco, California • 15

THE EXAMINER, SAN IfllANClSUUi SUNDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 18, 1892, 15 A GREEK CONSUL'S DOG, tHp-DIIIK MACHINES, Methods of the Angel Island National Quarantine Station. ably situated and best adapted to meet the requirements of a disease-lighting corps. Past Assistant Surgeon D. A. Car-micbael of the Marine Hospital Corps is in charge of the National Quarantine Station at Angel Island, and is so interested in the duties and studies of his post that he rarely leaves the reservation.

Since he was detailed for two years to the station, in May last, many improvements have been effected and the whole institution raised to the highest point of efficiency. The ground plan of the quarantine station is a rectangular tract of ten acres of land at the northern end of the islaud, the land being partly sloping beach and the rest little plateaus or benches, with a few steep hillsides and wooden ravines to lend beauty to the landscape and shut out the prevailing strong southwesterly winds. The site is on south side of Raccoon straits and removed by a mile or more of salt water from any approach. Its distance from the military post on the island is so great as to preclude danger to the soldiers. It is a sunny, sheltered, beautiful place and perfectly free from adverse conditions of any sort.

The buildings are all of wood, plainly built and so modeled as to be merely pavilions, to every part of which access may be had by whitewashes, painters or fumlgators. Surgeon Carmichael, a studious-seeming man of less than middle age, is proud of the condition of his station and talks willingly of its methods of operation. To trace the passengers of an infected vessel through the stage of quarantine up to their being permitted to land may give an idea of the means by which Doctor Carmichael is confident he can keep cholera out of California. The New March, Over Which Paris Has Gone Wild. in mf Then the doors at the end of the chambers opposite to those by which they were tilled are opened and the cleansed and purified bedding and effects are restored to their owners.

No organism can withstand the steaming. Every living thing dies when placed in the chambers and cooked. The effects of passengers, be they never so foul and full of dangerous germs, come out as innocuous as cloth fresh from the looms. Glued boxes and perishable articles suffer, but clothing is not charred nor injured. The capacity of the chambers is so great that a few hours only are consumed in cleansing the luggage of a whoie shipload, even of Chinese.

After the passengers have received attention and their effects have been freed from disease, the ship itself Is taken in hand and scrubbed and fumigated in every part. Chlorine gas is used, or the fumes from burning sulphur, either being deadly aud quickly killing every germ with which it is brought into contact. If necessary the fumigation is repeated, until there is'abso-lute certainty that neither ship nor cargo menaces the country with epidemic disease. Then the vessel is towed to her. dock and her cargo discharged.

The daily routine at Angel island is like that at all similar institutions. A sufficient number of guards prevent the quarantined from leaving the premises by day or night Each morning Surgeon Carmichael appears at the observation barracks, and all the inmates are marshaled into line before him. Each is required to pass slowly before the doctor, who looks narrowly for any evidence of disease. If none appears the people are sent back to the barracks. Any suspected ones are singled out for closer examination, and if that affords evidence of danger the suspect is conveyed to the lazaretto.

Such detention and frequent inspections continue for a time equal to that determined upon as the poriod of incubation of the disease quarantined against, and at the end of that time those who remain well are discbargod and sent on their ways. The sick remain at the lazaretto until recovery or death. A PaTSFULLT CLBAN N.4.CB. Every precaution as to sewerage and disinfection in the course of disease is provided for at Angel Island. Corrosive sublimate in the strength of one part to 500 of water is freely used, and nothing is permitted to leave the lazaretto until after being thoroughly treated by the solution, which is deadly to bacteria of all kinds.

A frequently flushed sewer runs from the quarantine station well out into the strong current that sweeps through Raccoon straits and quickly carries all waste into the Paciflo ocean. The grounds and buildings are constantly patrolled and sharply inspected, and kept scrupulously neat and clean. It is a painfully clean place, and as pleasant as such an institution can be made. It has given accommodation to 914 persons at one time, when the steamship City of Peking landed from Yokohama qu May 8th last, with smallpox in her steerage. That number taxed the capacttv of the station, but Dr.

Carmichael is confident that at twenty-four hours' notice or a little mora he could make room for any number of quarantined people. He would place them in tempornry sheds, to be quickly built, or in tents at a sunny cove a little removed from the station, and each day carry to the lazaretto such persons as became sick. In that way he bolievis that any number that might come could be managed without trouble. The perfect quarantine system of the Government is reassuring as against epidemics by sea, and the State Board of Health is perfecting its plan to so cordon the State by lazarettos and inspectors as to make it Impossible for cholera or any other scourge to creep in by rail or over the land. ff erete.

-tre-J-tfrrf M. ji fl r- t-r WHAT WILL TAKE PLACE IN CASE OF AN INVASION OF THE EPIDEMIC The General Routine to Be Undertone by Those Who Coma to Ban Francisco From Plague-Infected Ports Absolute Certainty That the Coming of Disease) by gea Will Be Prevented. The little "critters" that are called cholera bacilli can neither swim, fly nor climb fences, and the fact practically bars them from entrance to California, let them crowd ever so thickly at the Golden Gate as passengers on steam or sailing vessels, or wait never so eagerly at the Oregon line, Truckee, the Needles or Yuma. The bacilli are not such bad things after all. They are severely self-contained and never make advanoes.

In fact, unless carried they never leave home their ancestral home in Bengal. Even when taken by travelers as mementoes the bacilli are hard to please under new surroundings, and unless they can find THE CHOLERA To the tight are the temporary barracks uted tral ouuamg ts me owtnecttno dimness, moisture, heat and repose they refuse to thrive and soon shrivel Into mere caricatures of commas and die. The bacilli re children of the tropics and do not well endure even the glorious climate of California. Popular superstition has invested them with any number of evil attributes and has caused them to be magnified into monsters more hideous than vice, but in fact they are beautiful and playful little chaps that sport and frisk when quite at ease, more like small lambs than threatening beasts of prey. When they are fully aroused and do fasten upon an enemy it must be admitted that they are not easy to appease.

They will, when compelled to do so, travel through whole communities and lay no hand upon their captors, but when defied and flouted Bnd dared to do their perfect worV they select the most reckless among their onemies, those whose lives are not temperate and whose livers are not untouched by infirmity. Then the bacillus of cholera The Wonderful Animal of Trni Newfoundland Blood. HIS DAILY TRIPS TO SAUSALITO, How Be Eats Bananas, Watermelons and Dislikes Meat He Can Tell the Ca. morra From the Mafia at Glanee, The Greek Consul in this city is D. G.

Cammarinos, who also has a monopoly in fruit, that is in tropical bananas, pineapples, Avocata pears and other cholera germs; but the best of all the Greek Consul's possessions at least he says so is a huge, fat, yellow Newfoundland dog, named Leo in honor of the present Pope of Rome. This dog is considered a freak down on the "front," for he scorns meat and is a strict vegetarian. Besides this, he attends church over in the "Maccaroni Belt," and takes a bath every day. Mr. Cammarinos got bim from Captain Niebaum eight years ago and he Is of a true Newfoundland breed, as all experts maintain.

But how ha cama to reach Alaska has been a mystery for psychologists to decide. At all events, Leo was discovered in St Michaels eight years ago by a Captain of one of the steamers belonging to the Alaska Commercial Company. The dog had appeared in St Michaels mysteriously and suddenly, and no one knew whence he had come. A WBLL-KVOWS CHARACTER. The Captain gave the dog a trip to Victoria, in British Columbia, where Leo was recognized at once as a wall-known character who had lived in various towns along the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway for two years past The Captain of the vessel presented him to Captain Niebaum on arrival in San Francisco.

It was like giving a man a white elephant for the animal ate more than two men, in the shape of meat. One day Leo was missing, tag and all. By the way, his name was Cleopatra at that time, because he hadn't vet come into the possession of the Greek Consul, Cammark- LEO, THI 6RE1CK COXStX'S ORI1T HIWTOUXD-i LAND DOO. rhotographed for the "Examiner." nos. It was thought that he had been stolen or that the pound had destroyed him.

Captain Niebaum didn't take any considerable pains to discover the animal's' whereabouts, and even when he heard that the dog had reached Australia and had been present at a prize fight in Sydney thought he was well rid of a disreputable beast After a time a fruit ship coming from Tahiti with greenish-yellow oranges reported that the large Newfoundland dog was enjoying himself in the court of Queen Po-mare in Tahiti. One morning, a year afterwards, Leo walked up the gangplank of ona of the Spreckels steamers at our water front A CHANOB or QUARTERS. Wending his wav towards Sansoma street he finally reached the Alaska Commercial Company's office, where he paid his respects to the astonished firm. Next he drifted down towards the office of Mr. Cammarinos, aud here he has taken his abode for several years, much to the delight of Captain Niebaum.

However, a change had oonia over the life of the dog, and for this reason he was given the name of Leo. He had dropped the habit of eating meat and was now strictlv vegetsrian in his diet Six bananas a day for breakfast and as many for dinner now constitute his regimen, varied by aa orange or a rather green pineapple. Under no circumstances can he be induced to touch, meat A CHURCHLT ANIMAL. It is said that at the court of the Queen of Tahiti some one tried to poison him through jealousy, and that in consequence) he has never tasted flesh since, but this is not authentic, and from the fact that has undergone a moral change mu ba looked upon with suspicion. Every morning the dog goes to church over in Vallejo) street, where Father Hariington presides.

This is on account of a great affection whioh. he bears for the artist Joseph Harrington, who is also a vegetarian. After church the dog goes down to the North Pacitto Coast Railway ferry and takes the boat for Sansalito, where he has a bath. Returning at 11 o'clock he has a light luncheon of fruit and takes a long nap. His wool is very thick, and generally you will see three or four kittens resting quietly against his neck for the sake of the warmth.

Mr. cammarinos nas twenty cats oi various sizes and sexes to kUl tne rats about the place. A LIFE SAVER. Leo has saved the life of a little girl. She dropped in the water from the Sausalito wharf during a picnic crowd, and Leo, who was waiting for the boat to come in, plunged bravelv in and held her up until the res cuers could reach her.

Strange to say, the dog took her straight to shore, beside the old oyster house, instead of waiting for tho people on the wharf to fish her out with a boat hook. Mr. Cammarinos is never tired of telling Leo's exploits, and they are so many that one forgets them. Among othor characteristics ot tne ani mal is the faculty for distinguishing tba difference between a member of the Camorra and the Mafia. Mr.

Cammarinos has a large circle of acquaintances, among: whom are a great number from Sicily, Corsica and Italy. For his own part he has leanings toward the Camorra, while his friond. Dominico Kossi, is a prominent ofticer in the so-called Mafia. During the contest which recently raged in the Italian Bcnevolont Society between these two factions, Leo would not permit Dr. Rossi to come near the precincts of Cammarinos, but would bark loudly to warn his master, while he would welcome Dr.

Lonigo or Mr. Zabaldano with the most frantic demonstrations of Muse of Mirror. From Iht Xe Tork A The Magic maze, a maze of mirrors, is the latest "novelty at the horticultural exhibition in London. The visitor enters tba maze by a crooked passage, walled entirely bv mirrors, into the central hall, toward which a number of seemingly endless ave- of the visitor are presented at every imagia- aoie point ana sngie. a ujuit uplifted hand, and the reproductions show the figure in a nuuarpa uiurcm once.

The bewildered visitors walk about i wav. runoiaf into their own reflections and lookiug with distrust on every one who approaches, unabla to tell substance from shadow. The spac occupied bv the maze Is only forty feet by tntriv ices uut iuo u. n.i -gives" it the appearance ot being sores la extent THE CHOLERA OUTPOST. building on the left it the lazaretto and the other it the adjunct hnute of the Angel hi and Quarantine Station.

If 1 1 1 -f tn can be given bunks in the barrack proper, and In two Temporary barracks recently built a few yards north of the prmanent structure there is room for 676 more, equally diviifcd between the two long, low buildings of rough, unpainted redwood. In the temporary barracks, as in the other building for those not sick, the bunks are arranged in tiers as those on shipboard. The accommodations have been designed for those who travel by steerage, and the reason given for building the bunks in tiers is that the-Chinese and Japanese prefer! THE CHOLERA The dttinfecting chamber in ichich germ cf that style, which also most closely economizes room. In both the permanent and temporary barracks the ventilation is perfect and sunlight has free access. After nassentrers have been landed and sorted either into the lazaretto, the adjunct-honse or the barracks, the real work of fumigation and disinfection begins.

The Chinese and Japanese insist on using their own sleeping-mats and bedding, and are permitted to do so alter tne tnings nave I t---t-i Jgij di J. 1st time. -t- 5. 5a the square Inch. Within each chamber is a hectagonal construction or frame of wooden slats, in which are fastened innumerable clothes hooks.

Along the bottom of each frame and traversing the whoie length of the cylinders are rails of wood, topped with iron, on which cars may be run into the chambers and loft until their loads have been disinfected. Around each of the huge boiler-shaped steel chambers is double skin, the space between the skins being hermetically sealed and forming a steam-chamber. Outside of all is a thick covering of asbestos to prevent too great radiation of heat while disinfection is in progress. The steam pipes from the boiler room are so attached to the disinfecting chambers that volumes of steam may be turned either into the space between the skins of the chambers or into the chambers themselves. The disinfecting agent is heat, which has been found to be most certain in its effect and more sure, applicable to all fabrics and packages.

The clothing, bedding, boxes and every other belonging of quarantined passengers are dumped into the disinfecting chambers and then the great doors are shut and clamped so ts to make the joints steam tight Currents of steam at a pressure of 150 pounds are directed into the steam jackets surrounding each of the chambers and the circulation of dry, superheated steam is kept up for a time sufficient to raise everything within the chamber to 212 degrees Farhenheit, a temperature which destroys all germs or disease and evory sort of bacteria or bacilli. An hour or two of the dry heat suffices to bring the contents of the chambers to the temperature of boiling water or a little higher, and the luggage of the passengers dries and becomes purified beyond question. The Government adds a further precaution, and after the dry heat has been thoroughly applied hot steam is turned into the chambers themselves until they are filled to a pressure of a hundred or more pounds to the inch. The steam finds its way into very portion of the articles subjected to it and is left to do its work for half an hour. i PICKET LINE.

during the tmaUpox tcare in May latt. The cen plant and the left it the boathotue. When the State quarantine dflcer has declared a ship infected it is towed to a spot in the bay off the northeast corner of Angel Island, where the anchors are dropped in good holding-ground and where the power of the btato official ends and that of Doctor Carmichael begins. The doctor boards the suspected' vessel and inspects all of the passengers. Such as are actually suffering irom disease sthat may be "caught" are gathered and sent by lighter to the Lazar etto, a roomy pavilion bv the beach at the west side of the quaran tine reservation.

Every diseased per. son is placed in the Lazaretto end every one who has been in immediate attendance upon the sick is required to go along and stay in the Adjunct building. or detention house, which stands by the lazaretto and only a few feet away. Both buildings rest on high piers of stone so that the winds may blow freely under and about them, and no waste or dangerous materials be permitted to gather in dark corners. The lazaretto is divided into two large rooms, each of which has in it twenty cot beds and as many bedside tables, as well as a huge center-table.

Windows abound and the rooms are as light and airy as need be. Well fitted bath rooms and other conveniences are attached to each of the departments of the lazaretto, and after the sick once enter the building they remain until well or a fatal termination is reached. The adjunct building, used by the lazaretto nurses and such persons as have attended the sick while on their voyage, is divided into rooms which will comfortably shelter eight each, and there are live of them. Ample fire-places, a roomy kitchen with range and all the conveniences of a well-ordered home are at command, but those placed in the "adjunct" are not permitted to hold communication with any one until liberated. Food and other supplies are carried to a spot a hundred feet from the adjunct," where they are laid upon a table, one of the nurses of the lazaretto carries them to the adjunct.

Everything that oan contribute to the welfare or aid the recovery of those in the OUTPOST. lodged vhile under detention and inspection. lazaretto is at command of Surgeon Car michael and is lavished by the Government, uui no ore pormitivu oowr me ouua ing other than the attendants and surgeon. The Clothing, bedding and other effects of me sick are taxen to tne lazaretto with them and when the detention ends are either burned, if valueless, or sent to the disinfecting house. Such passengers of a shipload as show symptoms of disease are taken ashore and given quarters in the Barrack," a long one-story frame building on the opposite shore of Hospital cove from lazaretto.

In the barrack are great frames of pine like those built in the steerages of passenger ships, in which twenty tweuly four cots are siung in each frame, three tiers high. Adjoining and part of the barracK is a great dining-room and large kitchen, able to prepare food for t.OOO men. The passengers are counted from the ship the quarantine station dock, and the count is remade every day twice to make sure that no contagion-bearing person leaves the reservation and endangers the well. The owners of the steamships brintrini? diseased passengers provide food for both and well while tbey remain in quarantine, except those in the lazaretto and the adjunct building. For them the Government furnishes rations as directed bv Sur geon Carmichael.

Two hundred and fifty Ti -'i i-tti rr-rfi If necessary all iugress to California will be stopped and all immigrants placed in quarantino, which can be done by estailsh- ing four stations -one each at the Oregon line, Truckeo, the Needles and Yuma, these being the points ot entrance or the rail roads. Such a system of inspection could bo put into operation in two days, and would be ordered if there seemed to be any real aanger oi an epiueimc. GREETING MAID SERVANTS. The Experience of a Mn With His Discharged Cook. "A suburban bachelor writes to a London periodical begging to be informed on a question of otiquotte, how to greet one's Irreproachable maid servant on meeting her, as occasionally happensjoa the highway." I smile suavely," he confesses, so does Ann or Ellen.

But they no more than myself are reconciled to our incongruou position. How do you manage, my brethren!" The question seems absurdly simple. Why not smile and nod, with or without a civil How d'ye do," or "Well, Ann or Ellen 1" as one's amiability or temperament dictates. The sa lutatinns ought not to be too friendly nor yet too incongruous. The discussion gives point to a recent little experience of a New Yorker, says the Troy Timet, ue is asuDuroan nousenoiaer irom May to November and the other day a week's unpleasantness on the part of the cook of his domain terminated in an intolerable impertinence ona morning just as he was leaving the house to catch a train for the city.

He stopped long enough to interfere in his wife's behalf and sternly dismissed the delinquent maid, telling her as a final word on no account to let him Sad her in the house when he should come home at night Thon he caught his train and in the press of office affairs forgot all about the morning's mail. As he was leaving the car in the evening, however, he saw a woman of genteel appear ance, whose tace was strangely laminar, waiting at the station to board an in-bound train which bad just arrived. As their eyes met there came over her countenance the pec uliar expression wliich means I don't bolieve you're going to recognize me," and thinking it was some one whom he knew but could not place he hurried forward with a cordial salutation. He was about to take her satchel and assist her on tho train when the curious familiarity of her appearance resolved itself into identity, and ho saw that it was bis late cook. Which gave mo," said he, telling about it, "the comfortable sensation one haste be left facing the onlookers after a run down a ferry bridge to catch a retreating boat and finding the jump too wide." London Crystal Palace.

It is now nearly forty years since the Queen with the Prince Consort, several foreign royalties and a brilliant court declared it open, with the aspiration that it might 'elevate and instruct, as well as delight and amuse, all classes." Very rarely, says the London Telegraph, have the expressions of royal or official optimism been more fully realized. Nearly all the sovereigns of Europe aud dusky potentates of Asia and Africa have shared, with the poorest children of the slums, the weokdav and Sunday schools, the great trade benefit societies and the "custodians of law and order," the delights of Sydenham. It isostimated that some 70,000,000 of visitors have entered the palace since its opening, a fact that would be more accu-ratelv expressed by saying thst that number of visits has been paid. Either phrase, however, roally understates the matter, the calculations in respect of season ticket-holders having been made on different systems at different times. Those queerly constituted persons who imagine they have a respect for the memory of deceased persons whose tombs they despoil have already carried away every portable object from the burial place of Walt Whitman and chipped chunks from the granite walls.

The cemetery officers have had to meet to devise measures to stop the momento gatherers' raids. becomes a Corbett in power to bit and get away. But cholera has comparatively little interest to Califoroians. The State is so guarded and fenced in by protective agen cies as to make it unlikely that the disease can enter, or, if it does evade the sentinels, can avoid being cut short A more perfect natural system of defenses than has been provided would be hard to conceive. The frontiers are either bald mountain backbones or deep seas, except between Oregon and California and the Upper and Lower Calif ornias, and those short lines are not traveled by many and can be easily made impassable to all human beings.

The water front is so placed under restrictions by State and Federal laws as to make it amount to confiscation of shipping to land at any port without first submitting to an inspection by the State quarantine officer. The New York and San Francisco vessels are boarded by the State THE CHOLERA Obtervation barrackt, to tchieh pattengert are official, and if found perfectly free from epidemic or contagious disease are given permits to dock and put off passengers and freight. If on the other band disease is found, or if in the cargo there are rags or other things which have come from porta infected by Cholera, smallpox or any other scourge, the yuarantine umcer refuses to give a clean bill of health and puts the ves sel in quarantine. His power then ends. The State owns do Quarantine station nor has it any spnli- nces for handling an epidemic approaching by sea, but the general uovernment nas removed all necessity for the ereotion of a disinfecting plant by setting aside a tract of ten acres on Angel Island, in the bay of San Francisco, and establishing there what is said by experts to be a most perfect quarantine hospital, and has also constructed the most approved devices for the certain destruction of germs of sease.

Seven similar institutions under government control have been completed and are ready to operate actively if cholera comes by sea They are at the mouth of the Delaware river; at Cape Charles, near the entrance to Chesapeake bay at Sapelo, on the Georgia coast; at Key West, at San Diego, at Port Townsend and the local -tation. AH of them are under immediate control of the United States Marine Hospital Service, and of them all the San Francisco reservation is said to be most favor- no the or to sick been sterilized" in the disinfecting-house. The extra clothing and all the baggage of all passengers are dumped on the dock and passed through a sterilizing plant, which Dr. Carmichael believes is larger and bet tor than anv other in America. The plant is in a building 60 by 40 feet at the northwest end of Hospital cove, conveniently near the quarantine wharf.

In a little annex there is a monstrous boiler, with a correspondingly big furnace. From the boiler nines run to the adiacent room. where the disinfecting chambers are, and it DEATH CHAMBER. teare are tterUixed by dry heat and lire steam.) is in those chambers that the secret of the success of the Angel island station in absolutely "preventing access of the only epidemic disease ret handled there lies. The chambers, three in number, look like nothing so much as huge boilers, such as are used in steamships.

Each of them is forty feet long and seven feet in diameter. The best boiler-iron was used in making them, three-eighths of an inch in thickness and tested to a pressure of 6.000 sounds to.