The Daily Herald from Chicago, Illinois • Page 27

PADDOCK PUBLICATIONS Fmiay, Oct. 24, 1969 Section 3 Whv? I by ROBERT MUSEL NEW YORK (UPI)-Americans do not live as long as other people. They think they are the longest lived people on earth, but they aren't. Americans spend more money than anyone else to stay alive, but that isn't the same thing. American males have a life expectancy of 66.8 years at dismal 28th in the United Nations longevity table compiled by the World Health Organization.

American females predictably live longer than their menfolk-- an average of 73.70 years--but this puts them 12th down the list. Women are the stronger sex the world over when it comes to hanging on to lite. Who lives longer than Americans? Where males are concerned, Sweden leads with in average of 71.60 years, followed by Norway with 71.32, Holland with 71.10, Iceland with 70.70, Israel with 70.52 and Denmark with 70.30. Greek males also have a longer life expectancy than American males and so do Spaniards, Germans, Frenchmen, Czechs, Bulgarians, Japanese, Jamaicans, Rhodesians, Australians, Britons and so on. Who lives longer than American females? In Holland a female can expect to live an average of 75.90 years, in Sweden 75.70 years, in Norway 75.57, France 75.10, Iceland 75.

Swiss women, British women, Australian, New Zealand and sven Russian women (74 years) also have a longer life expectancy at birth. To complete what some European scientists call "the American Paradox" the fact that the country which devotes infinitely more money than anyone else to research and treatment should fall behind in longevity there are the death rate figures. In the last available year, 1966, the United States bad 9.6 deaths per thousand population which put it well down the chart. Some 20 nations had better death rate records, led by Israel with 6.3 deaths per thousand population." Scientists gave a number of reasons to explain why the American longevity curve seems to be flattening off. One of them is the U.S.

infant mortality figure which stands at 23.7 deaths under the age of one year per 1000 live births. A dozen other countries do better than that with figures such as Sweden with only 12.6 per thousand, Iceland 13.7, Holland 14.7, Finland 15 and New Zealand 17.7. Another is the claim that too much American money is spent in frivolous research of importance only to the researcher-and perhaps the feature writers of newspapers and magazines. Still another is the polyglot ethnic composition of the United States-the longevity leaders are mostly nations with homogeneous populations. Many others consider that the richer diet--even poorer Americans eat better than most people--and the pressures of competition are largely responsible for the failure of Americans to live longer than they do.

One of those who blames high living and high tension is Dr. Eugene Henderson, editor of the Journal of the American Geriatric Society. "South Africa has three ethnic groups in the same environment--white, black and colored--and has a unique opportunity of studying them," he said. "Blacks do not ordinarily eat much fat and consequently have a much lower cardiovascular problem than whites. But blacks who live with whites and eat the same diet have the same death rate.

"In our country we also have desire and ambition and a faster pace of life than in any other country. Everybody wants to move into a higher income bracket and a bigger home. We move a lot with rises in pay. Ours is not a placid community." If it is true that Americans are digging their graves with their teeth they may yet be able to extend their lives the same way. One theory attracting international attention these days is the work of Prof.

Denham Herman of the 'University of Nebraska which suggests that old age may be due to what are called "free radicals." These are highly reactive molecules freed in the normal chemical processes of living, and their effect on human tissues is almost always irreversible and deleterious. By feeding mice edible substances known to slow down or scavenge free radicals, Prof. Harman has increased the life span of bis laboratory specimens by 40 to 50 per cent. This work is still a fairly long way from being applied to humans, but Dr. Harman said he was hoping for diet supplements that would increase the average life span by five or more "useful, healthy years." In the meantime Dr.

Herman's advice is to shed excess weight, eat a relatively low fat diet and adopt moderation in all things. "There's a reasonable possibility that we Americans are overfeeding," he said. "Ar- teriosclerotic (hardening of the arteries) tesdons have been found in infants two and three years old." Don't Wait Until the Whale Bites by DUSTON HARVEY REDWOOD CITY, Calif. (UPI)-When an 8,600 pound killer whale throws a tantrum, trainer William (Sonny) Allen doesn't use his usual "loving care" to calm her. He just gets out of the way.

"I've never stayed in the water long enough to find out if she'd bite me," Allen said in an interview at the Marine World recreational complex 23 miles south of San Francisco. The wiry young director of training described his teaching methods and "personal relationship" with Kianu, a foot killer whale he has been tutoring. The whale has learned such tricks as "talking" by squeaking through her blowhole, kissing her trainer on the cheek, jumping several feet out of the water at a pole, and giving her handler a ride. Kianu's outbursts of temper usually come during the ride, Allen said. She doesn't mind him standing on her rubber- like black back, but she gets mad when he sits down and tries to make her buck like a horse.

The whale has dumped Allen into the water, then turned on him with toothy mouth open. It's then Allen resorts to the form that made him a champion swimmer during his youth in Philadelphia. Allen's quick exit is the technique recommended by the U.S. Navy in dealings with these "killers of the sea," which hunt in packs of three to 40 and prey mainly on other warm-blooded sea life. They are considered the fiercest and most voracious sea mammal.

Allen has never been bitten by Kianu, but she once pinned his leg against the side of her training pool. An assistant freed him by pushing the whale away with a pole. "She did it deliberately," Allen said. "She got mad when we kept doing the same trick over and over. She waited until I turned my head for a second and pinned my leg." But most of the time Allen and his weighty pupil get along fine.

"I treat all animals-- dolphins, seals and whales--like five to eight year old children. Then: intelligence is superior to that, but their emotions and ability to learn tricks fall in that age group." Allen, 27, who moved to Marine World after years of animal work at Philadelphia's Aquarama, began tutoring Kianu when two other trainers failed. The whale was caught last year in Garden Bay off British Columbia by fishermen who sold her to Marine World for $30,000. She 1 was first christened Clyde, a name which was changed after the stillbirth of a calf. The first six weeks of her training consisted of acclimating Kianu to the touch of humans.

"They have to sense the difference between my hand and a fish--for obvious reasons," Allen said. "I have a way with animals. They like to be petted and talked to. I have a personal relationship with them based on loving care." People Power at 'Frisco Bay by DUSTON HARVEY SAN A I (UPD- Conservationists have won their battle to "save" majestic San Francisco Bay--but no one thinks the war Is over. A temporary commission which had virtually halted filling of the bay becomes a permanent agency this fall with even greater powers.

But only after a bitter legislative struggle which pitted thousands of volunteers opposed to further shrinkage of the bay against lobbyists for land owners who played to develop its shoreline. The conservationists, who had the support of Gov. Ronald Reagan, credited the victory to "people residents of the San Francisco region who badgered lawmakers by mail and in parson during the protracted diipute. However, both advocates and opponents of stringent fill controls expect continuation of their struggle over conversion of the bay's and thai- low areas into earth fill sites for horaei, businesses, airports and highways, "Nobody should relax and think tha battle is now won," said Joseph Bodovltz, director of the regional agency which issues fill permits--and has allowed the filling of only a few hundred acres since 1965. "As long as population increases, pressures will build up for filling more of the bay.

It's a cheap source of flat land near the population centers," he said. "As others have put it, 'eternal vigilance is going to be the price of Bodovitz heads the permanent staff of the Bay Conservation and Development Commission, set up four years ago as a study group with Interim powers to control bay fill after a first grassroots campaign to halt indiscriminate use of the narrow- mouthed estuary. The commission was scheduled to die MOST A I IN AIL I A A MI r. V. RfjNIIlN CflU a IIKOCHUHF this fall--setting the stage for the struggle at the state capitol in Sacramento.

The anti-fill volunteers, who bused by the hundreds to every public hearing, a continuing shrinkage of the bay--which serves not only as a natural harbor and tourist attraction, but as a recreation area, waste disposal system and "natural air conditioner" which moderates temperatures in the adjacent region. When Spanish explorer Caspar de Portola first sailed through the Golden Gate exactly 200 years ago, the bay covered 680 square miles amidst rolling brown hills. Its tidal area is now down to 430 square miles, surrounded by cities and suburbs with more than four million residents. The Army Corps of Engineers reports another 248 square miles is "susceptible of reclamation," Developers already have a plans for SB miles--about one-eight of th? remaining bay. Filling and diking began in 1990 when California became a state.

San financial district, pwta of downtown Oakland, Candlestick Park, San Francisco and Oakland airpots, Ataneda Naval Air Station all are built on land which was once part of the bay. Concern over the filling of marshes and shallow water areas by private developers and public agencies began growing early in this decade. Volunteer groups launched a major "Save the bay" campaign in 1965. They descended on Sacramento in large numbers, mailed legislators sand bags with cards reading: "You'll wonder where the water went if you fill the bay with sediment," and won formation of the Conservation and Development commission to prepare a comprehensive plan for bay use. NOW at Padd ALL PHON 2400 Want Ads Dtrihiit 11 am.

2300 Other Dtpts. ock Publications its 3940110 Kerne Delivery HHuidroiMrilOom. 1700 Sceres-Bulletins The Almanac by United Press International Today is Friday, Oct. 24, the 297th day of 1969 with 68 to follow. The moon is between its first quarter and full phase.

The morning stars are Mercury, Venus, Jupiter and Saturn. The evening star is Mars. On this day in history: In 1861, the first telegram was sent across the United States from California Chief Justice Stephen Field to President Lincoln. In 1939, women's hosiery made of nylon went on sale for the first time in Wilmington, Del. In 1945, Secretary of State James Byrnes announced the United Nations Charter was in force following Russian ratification.

In 1952, Gen'. Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Republican nominee for President, said if elected be would go to Korea and seek to end tho war there. The commission also was given control powers during its four-year life. The bay plan was presented to the legislature in January.

It called for regulation of the waters as a single unit, with priority given to water-related uses--including ports, water industries, recreation, and airports and freeways which can't be placed elsewhere. "In short," the commission said, "the most desirable uses of the bay are those requiring a waterfront location; uses that can just as easily be elsewhere, should be." The report argued filling of the bay was harmful to man because it destroyed the habitat of fish and wildlife, increased the dangers of water pollution, and could adversely affect the weather and increase smog. The plan suggested guidelines for fill permits--itriot which were generally incorporated into the permanent law passed by the 1969 legislature and quickly ajgned by Reigan. The law also expanded the commission's control to a 100-foot-wide band of shoreland and to 50,000 acres of privately-owned salt ponds and marshlands. Opponents attacked the law as a threat to private property and local government responsibility.

State Sen. John Sehmitz, an Orange County Republican, said limitations on private developers would make the bay "a legalized people's reference to a piece of state land seized by Berkeley radicals last spring. Spokesmen for Westbay Associates, a consortium involving banker David Rockefeller which planned a 27-mile long bay- side development, said the law would "defeat or delay interminably any significant economic development in the whole bay area." But conservationists, who said they made "the heat so great on the legislature that it had to do what the people wanted it to," felt their triumph was the start of a new era in which public officials would be forced by their constituents to protect the environment. A took Kianu's natural movements--pulling, pushing, biting, jum- ping--and taught her to use them on cue. Despite the trainer's personal approach, Kianu performs for only one reason.

"Her reward is always food," Allen said. "She can distinguish between trainers, but she associates us all with food." Allen, who feeds Kianu about 150 pounds of mackerel a day, uses a whistle as a "bridging cue" between trick and reward, signaling the whale she has performed correctly and will get her fish. The training begins with Allen waiting and watching. When Kianu does the natural act he wants, he blows the whistle and rewards her. By repetition, she learns to associate her act and the fish, and starts to do it on cue.

When one routine is mastered, Allen goes to the next. The tricks are learned in sequence and eventually the whale knows her routine as well as the trainer. That leaves a final problem. "They're just like kids," Allen said. "She tries to get away with things starts getting sloppy.

If you reward her, she'll start doing it her way every time. "The only way I can discipline a whale is to ignore her. When she doesn't get the fish, she knows she's done something wrong. Then I keep doing it until she gets it right." Which is how Kianu's temper tantrums get started. rlington SrAJtrfNGOCT.31* EXCLUSIVE SHOWING CLIFF ROBERTSON --PUASE NOTE- Schoot Teachers and Interested Organizbtions may arrange for Special Group Prices ond Group Attendance.

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