The Boston Globe from Boston, Massachusetts • 52

02 THE BOSTON CLOHE FRIDAY, AUGUST )9B9 A different voice in the debate over abortion A' well-drawn portrait of a complex soldier rf, Nfc" yx 'Mb. i Rachel Cann, center, and Kelly Jefferson, right, distribute brochures Globe staff photoJanet Knott at a Feminists for Life booth. out a cup. Such exploits may have been partly responsible for his lifelong aversion to drink; on the frontier, whiskey was commonplace and a means of storing and moving wealth. But Jackson once gave another explanation.

"Do you know why I habitually abstain from Intoxicating drinks?" he asked a friend who to get him to take toddy on a cold and rainy forced march. "Why, sir, It Is because I like the taste of It. I like the effect. I like it a lot too much, you might say. When I discovered this, I made up my mind to do without it." Such self-discipline was an aspect of the Calvinism central to the persona of this extraordinary, mysterious man, an eccentric, hypochondriac, obscure professor at Virginia Military Institute who ha gone to West Point and served In the Mexican War with most of the major figures on the Union and Rebel sides.

And Calvinism, as Bowers makes clear. Is a helpful set of beliefs for a soldier. If you believe that whatever triumph, defeat, wounds and death may come are the predestined and unavoidable will of God, and that everything, ultimately, happens for the best, your anxiety is considerably diminished. Most Northerners think of the Civil War with a Unionist perspective derived from Charles Sumner and Truman Nelson, Bruce Catton and. more recently, Gore Vldal, William Saflre and James McPherson.

John Bowers Is a Tennesseean who dedicates this remarkable work to two of his ancestors who fought on opposite sides. The author admits trying to resist the Old Confederacy's obsession with the war but confesses that the allure of the character of Jackson overcame his defenses. Writing about combat, his sympa-- thies are perhaps too clear. Stonewall loved his men and children and his two wives and was gentle and sentimental in his personal dealings. But he was also a fearless and ferocious -fighter who shot deserters and was merciless In driving his troops.

And when a subordinate suggested that brave Union officers be spared a barrage, he growled: "Kill "em. Shoot the brave officers, and the cowards will run away and take the men with them." Bowers is at his best writing about the man and the life of his times. The book is wonderfully anecdotal and rich in authentic detail. It achieves suspense by leading the reader over time into an increasingly intimate association with its protagonist. It Is less felicitous In its descriptions of combat, always a most difficult task.

STONEWALL JACKSON. Portrait of a Soldier, by John Boivers. Morrow. 367 pp. $19.95.

Illustrated fey David 0. Wilson Globe Staff It Is hard, today, for Northerners to appreciate that the South believed that the Civil War amounted to a BOOK second Amerl- REVIEW can war of Inde- pendence. vAnd yet Stonewall Jackson's father organized a company of soldiers In the War of 1812. His grandfather fought In the Revolution. He subsidized a Sunday school for blacks, -and a black man, Jim Lewis, traveled with him throughout the war.

Spend a reflective weekend In Charleston and you discover that, Fort Sumter or no, New England Is by no means the sole contributor to the national character. gallant, doomed, secessionist uprising was crushed by Abraham Lincoln In what remains the nation's bloodiest war and, after Its birth, perhaps, most important historical event. You can still get arguments as to which side was the more right, legally, constitutionally and morally. And Americans without a tribal memory of Bull Run, Antle-tam, Fredericksburg and lorsvllle are somehow incomplete as citizens. Stonewall Jackson was at all of these places and more; and, had he survived the last, the eventual outcome might have been different.

The two great Jacksons of American history were, by descent, Scotch-Irish, from the same parish at Carrickfergus In the iCpunty Antrim on Belfast Lough. An assumption is that they were somehow kin. I Andrew Jackson was conceived in Ireland but born in South Carolina, rendering him eligible for the presidency. The an- cestors of Thomas Jonathan (Stonewall) Jackson, the heroic military geniusmartyr of the Confederacy, came to Virginia in the 1720s. The Scotch-Irish were (and are) brave, tough, shrewd, astute, patient, cantankerous breed, Presbyterians mostly, of more than one faction, obsessed with liberty, religion and drink, in more or less that order.

At the time of the Revolution, one in seven colonists was Scotch-Irish, and virtually none were Loyalists. Young Tom Jackson's father died when Tom was 3. His destitute mother married a ne'er-do-, well, and her children were farmed out with relatives. Among these was Tom's Uncle-Cummins Jackson, who was said to be able to lift a whiskey barrel to his lips, bite out the bung and drink with FEMINISTS Continued from Page 41 the baby, and has been angry ever since because she feels society has nearly abandoned single mothers. But Just when a listener thinks she has Jefferson's liberal pegged, 4he young woman launches into a lecture that Is entirely unexpected.

Jefferson, It turns out, Is adamantly antlabortlon. "I don't fit the mold any way you look at It," she says. "I'm not a conservative prolifer at all and I'm not a proabortlon feminist at all. I'm not a blind-faith Catholic at all. Abortion Is probably one of the few hot topics at the Catholic church that I agree with.

Women's ordination I support. Birth control I support." A 'prolife feminist' Confounding researchers who have found that antlabortlon activists tend to be conservative traditionalists, Jefferson describe? herself as a "prolife feminist." She is chairman of the board of the Massachusetts chapter of a national group calling itself Feminists for Life of America, which has 2,000 members nationally and about 200 people on its mailing List in Massachusetts. The group is hoping it can subtly shape the agenda of an antlabortlon movement that has become increasingly vociferous in recent months, encouraged by the Supreme Court's willingness to reconsider abortion rights. Jefferson and the others In Feminists for Life bear little resemblance to those antlabortlon activists surveyed by Kristin Luker, a sociologist at the University of California at Berkeley who found In an 1984 study that anti-abortion activists tend to be Catholic, full-time homemakers who have married early, have raised an average of three children and subscribe to a strict belief in traditional male-female roles. Unlike Luker's typical anti-abortion activist, antlabortlon feminists believe' strongly In a woman's participation in the work force, say they are not looking at abortion from a religious viewpoint, and profess deep support for what some might call "liberal" ideas, such as contraception for the unmarried or higher taxes to fund better, more comprehensive social programs for the needy.

"I get feminists who say It's ab-, solutely not possible and I have prolife, nonfeminlsts, or people who won't call themselves feminists, looking at me saying, 'Doesn't feminism mean says Jefferson. "I just look at them and say, 'I don't know, does 'A marketing approach' Indeed, Frances Kissling Is one of those feminists favoring abor: tion rights who believe that anti-abortion feminism is inherently contradictory. "They are prolifers with an interesting twist on the issue," says Kissling, who heads Catholics for a Free Choice, an abortion-rights educational organization in Washington. "They have come upon a line, a marketing approach to the antlabortlon posture, and that approach Is to cast the issues in a progressive or feminist framework. But calling yourself a feminist, a peace activist, is simply a name.

You have to ask, does the position have at its core a primary concern for women?" This, of course, is not how the "prolife feminists" see it. "Susan B. Anthony didn't think there was a contradiction," says Rachel MacNalr, national president of Feminists for Life, which has its headquarters in Kansas City, Mo. "The early feminists made it very clear that they regarded abortion as one of the greatest wrongs against women." Antlabortlon feminists have developed an elaborate explanation as to why they consider abortion a "macho solution" to the problem of unwanted pregnan- for Life. Her convictions about equality between the sexes have remained mostly personal.

Yet, If there Is one thing she has done, it is adhere to her own strong convictions about abortion. Jefferson got pregnant at 19, after her first sexual encounter with a new boyfriend during her sophomore year in college. "It's the old story you've heard a hundred times before," she says. She never considered abortion. It was the unthinkable.

Rather, Jefferson took a leave of absence from school and gave birth to a baby, David. Her boyfriend had long since abandoned her. She figured she would give the child up for adoption. She put her son in foster care for one month while pondering what to do and ultl- -mately decided she would keep the child. She returned to college the next fall and left her tow-headed son In the care of her parents In Shrewsbury.

both her mother and father work, most of her son's time during this period was spent in day care, paid for by AFDC. Medicaid paid the child's medical expenses. Three years later, Jefferson graduated from college and moved In with her parents. Six months after that, she got a full-time Job and moved into her own apartment. Today, she works as a mar-' keting support specialist at a project management consulting firm in Westborough.

It has never been easy. "It's been a financial strain," says Jefferson. "It's funny. I havev people my age with no children making more money than 1 am and they say, '1 don't know where the money I don't relate to that." Emotionally it has been a strain as well. Time with David, now 5, is limited, especially with Jefferson's duties as a Shrewsbury town meeting representative and antlabortlon activities such as speaking at rallies and staffing an information booth with Massachusetts Feminists for Life chapter president Rachel Cann, Still, she is convinced she did the right thing in deciding not tjo have an abortion.

It Is a decision she feels should apply to every woman, no matter her circumstances, no matter whether she is able to drop out of school for a time or 'not, no matter whether she has loving parents to help care for a child or whether the woman can fathom giving the child up for adoption. "I do not have a problem with the woman who feels desperate," says Jefferson. have a problem with the societal mindset that tells that woman over and over and over that she can't make it on her own as a single mother, that her life will be screwed up if she doesn't have an abortion, that she cannot have it all, child and career. I have a balance in my life. I have a little bit of every forts on an information campaign through a national newsletter, a telephone hotline and mailings.

The organization did. however, step more prominently Into the abortion debate recently when it filed an amicus curiae brief In this summer's Supreme Court decision in the Webster case, allowing states to restrict access to abortions. The group is hopeful that it will develop more Influence In the antlabortlon movement by attracting all those moderates on the abortion fence, but largely, Feminists for Life and antlabortlon feminists In general have remained in the background. 'It doesn't ring true' Abortion-rights feminists say there is a good reason for that. "It doesn't ring true," says Kate Michelman, head of the National Abortion Rights Action League in Washington.

"I don't see them as a force. To say you are 'a prolife feminist doesn't work. It's dissonant and I think people sense that. It takes them too long to explain what they mean." Feminists favoring a right to abortion say that antlabortlon feminists are unconsciously boxing women into the traditional view that equates womanhood solely with the ability to repro- duce. "I find It very difficult to link my femaleness to my childbearing capacity," says Faye Wattleton, president of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America in New York.

Furthermore, abortion-rights feminists argue, it is not abortion that has let men off the hook when it comes to birth control, child-rearing and child support, It is society, which has never demanded that men take responsibility for much of anything related to reproduction and parenting. They argue that the basis of feminism is linked to women having, control of their lives and futures, and that this is impossible without basic control over when and whether to have a child. The biggest flaw with anti-abortion feminism, say abortion- rights feminists, is that it has never feally made It a priority to work for other programs and supports for women arid children, until recently, perhaps, when such causes began to be accepted as legitimate by the mainstream of society. "They don't work to do anything about it." says Patricia Ireland, executive vice president of the National Organization or Women, headquartered in Washington. "They don't work to improve contraception, to improve schools, to raise the minimum wage, to work on family leave or help with maternal health." Living her convictions Jefferson, only a few years out of college, is perhaps too young to have had much of a history working for feminist causes.

She doesn't belong to any women's or- ganizations other than Feminists COME JOIN US FOR cies. They argue that it defiles the essence of womanhood by stripping away that which is most female, the act of childbearing. They argue that abortion lets men off the hook by making it easier for men to abdicate blrth'control responsibility and to renege on fatherly duties, like child support and parenting. They argue that abortion flies in the face of traditional feminist values like sisterhood, unity, togetherness, nurtur-ance, by emphasizing an individual's right to privacy and choice over those of the fetus and the collective community. Moreover, antlabortlon feminists argue, the abortion campaign has drained the women's movement of power and money that should have gone to such tasks as getting the Equal Rights 1 Amendment passed; Improving funding of programs like Aid to Families with Dependent Children and Women, Infants and Children; winning support for daycare programs; and passing the Family Medical Leave Act.

Tm ashamed of NOW "I'm ashamed of NOW and the women's movement because they talk about choice and rights and then they take away another human being's rights," says Jacqui Paskowski, a Newbury resident who was a NOW organizer on the North Shore back in 1981 before, she says, "the truth came in." Paskowski and other anti-abortion feminists say that at the heart of their beliefs Is a desire for an expanded sense of responsibility that would force the "system" to work for women. "A lot of what passes for women's advancement amounts to structurally adapting women to fit the work force," says Juli Loesch Wiley, a Tennessee antlabortlon feminist who has protested a number of things, including the Vietnam War and nuclear weapons. "A woman shouldn't have to sacrifice her fertility and the fertility of her children to be the kind of worker the work force requires." With these beliefs in mind. Feminists for Life has been strug-- gllng to get Its position heard in the abortion debate since it was formed in 1972 by two women, Pat Goltz and Cathy Callaghan, who left the National Organization for Women out of dissatisfaction with its position on abortion. It has been a 19-year struggle for the group, which seems to have made hardly a mark in the abortion debate.

Overshadowed on the right by conservative antlabortlon organizations, and dwarfed on the left by Catholic antlabortlon groups and groups like the Philadelphia-based JustLife which emphasize the "seamless garment," or a consistent life ethic that is antlmilitary, antideath penalty and antlabortlon Feminists for Life has had virtually no presence In Washington. With a tiny budget of $8,000 last year, the group has subsisted as mainly a grass-roots organization concentrating most of its ef BOSTON BALLET II In the Hatch Shell on the Esplanade, last night. Program repeats through Aug. 15 at 8:30 p.m. cide that the show must go on.

This year, the company is performing two world premiers. Kurkjian's offering is a frothy "peasant" dance full of skips and sweet embraces that riever patronizes the dancers' talents. It's too tidy to come over well In the Hatch Shell you can't see their feet, and any floor work is Invisible but the dancers had nice, clear turns and neat formations. "Deadlock," atomizes the face--offs In a no-exit relationship, Cos-way shows her ambivalence towards her partner, Carlos Santos, In the 1-don't-care shrug of her shoulders and her attraction in the way she melts under his BOSTON. BARRETT ON BOSTON HARBOR Boston's newest waterfront restaurant with a panoramic view of the U.S.S.

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Its challenge, which the dancers were able to meet only intermittently, was to keep their energy from flagging. Again, the special environment of the Esplanade offered a chance for an unpredictable Juxtaposition as Richard Red-lefsen, whose role was choreographed to make him look like a colossus, lifted Jeanene Jarvie on his shoulder Just as a plane lifted up over the curve of the Hatch Shell. The program closed with the tambourine-slapping Divertissements from the third act of Bour- nonville's "Napoli." VICTORIA STATION (879-3223) 345 Cochituote Drive (Caldor Fabulous All-You-Can-Eat Prime Rib Brunch Buffet Adults $11.95, children 6-10 $4.99, $1.99 for 5 under. LYNNFIELD. BALLET Continued from Page 41 tute watching from the grass was called backstage to the cheers of her friends but Cosway managed to recover enough to perform not only in Ze'eva Cohen's "Walkman Variations," but the more exposed duet in Laura Young's "Deadlock." The backstage drama for these 15 young performers is part of the enchantment of the annual free Boston Ballet II Esplanade concerts.

Some will Join the Boston Ballet; others go home to regional dance companies; and some, with some real professional experience under their belts, will decide that ballet is not the career from them and hang up their toe-shoes forever. The kind of mishap Cosway weathered is one of those indls-penjable lessons In professionalism, and what it feels like to de- COLONIAL AT LYNNFIELD (617-245-9300) extroordinaire, in country club setting. $12.95, touch. The work's intensity is underlined by dramatic backlighting by Lisa Pinkham and an original score by rock musicians het Ca-hlll and Christopher Mehl full of calling seabirds and harsh, resonant ponging metal. The Pointer Sisters on tape set the bouncy pace of "Walkman Variations." It's a high-energy dance tailor-made for urban youth with an underlying message of distress, as the dancers wearing bicycle pants hold their fists to theirv cheeks or cover their eyes, turn their fingers Into pointing guns for mock suicides, and even conduct a little CPR on their buddies.

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