The Boston Globe from Boston, Massachusetts • 16

Itj im mmuv bat'iidoy, August io, itf Armstrong, Aldrin, Collins on moon again as NORTH.POLE NEARSIDE. Continued from Page 1 France and B. J. Levin of the Soviet Union, who succeeded Aleksandr A. tv 4 SEA OF -r of U'-JMAr NIKOLAEV 1 SEA OF A SEA OF RAINS tf Trnrri iiyAtt hf.

I I to'j KOMAROVJ HERTZSPRUNG ISTOV Ml KORQLEV UtffXs -V i -c "3 fd planitia EQUATOR IRAN a 1 K) cnumi SHATALOV fe i 7onJfZ USE, MEITNER ZZftl'jpWA iWjf APOLLO II LANDING SITE i "7' rf 4x41 FEOKTISTOV J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER ANDERS BORMAN LOVELL ARMSTRONG ALDRIN COLLINS APOLLO 12 LANDING SITE ..1 l-L. TSIOLKOVSKY (Chosen 1961) CHAFFEE GRISSOM WHITE SOUTH POLE FAR SIDE to which the names will be applied. After a p-m a objected on esthetic grounds to an alphabetical scheme running north to south, west to east, the commission scattered names at random while trying to name the biggest craters after the most prominent The list leaves out scientists whose names sound too much like craters already named (so as not to confuse radio communications between astronauts near the moon and control centers back on Earth), and many names used informally by US astronauts, such as the craters Washington and America. Instead, the list sticks closely to the practice, followed earlier in naming features on the front side of the moon, of calling them after leaders in science or exploration who have already died.

Soviet astronomers presented a name chart of 228 names to the IAU meeting in Prague in 1967. Like many other American astronauts, Dr. Gerard P. Kuiper of the University of Arizona urged delay in approval until a final chart incorporating results from all five of the US Lunar Orbiters launched in 1966-67 could be prepared. The last of the orbiters was still photographing the moon as the astronomers debated.

Kuiper said that the very clear orbiter pictures, taken at many sun angles, showed only five of a group of 18 big features the Russians named from the crude Luna 3 photographs, which were taken at very high sun angles which tend to "wash out" lunar surface features. Most of the names the Russians proposed for smaller features were in the area photographed by Zond 3. The Russians in-, eluded many non-Russian names in their list. But when the Americans counseled delay for the sake of accuracy, Mikhail-ov, director of the Pulkovo observatory, agreed. It was after this that the four- Astronauts: The crew of Apollo 8, first space-ship to go into orbit around the Moon in December 1968, William Anders, Frank Borman and James LovelL Also to be honored are Virgil I.

Grissom, Roger B. Chaffee and Edward H. White II, the three astronauts who died in the Apollo fire, Jan. 27, 1967 The name of Gagarin, who made a single-orbit trip around the Earth, April 12, 1961, will stand alone on a prominent far-side crater, while those of other Soviet cosmonauts will be applied to small craters in and around the huge, waterless Sea of Moscow. Gagarin was killed during a training flight in 1968.

To create an American parallel with the Sea of Moscow, a large feature at 35 degrees south latitude, 155 west longitude is being christened Apollo after the US moon program, US astronauts' names are being placed in and near Apollo. The name Soviet Mountains, given to a mountain range in 1961, has disappeared from the new list because more recent photographs show it doesn't exist. This happened with several other features, two of whose names were transferred to craters. Two new names' honoring Soviet anihievements in exploring the moon, have been proposed for the front side. One is called Sinus Luni-cus, commemorating the spot where the Russian Lunik' 2 became the first man-made object to hit the moon in 1959.

The other, called Planitia Descensus, is the site where the Soviet craft Luna 9 became the first object to softland -on the moon. Luna 9 took the first photos on the moon's surface. The names were decided on" after, delicate negotiations following US-Soviet disagreements at the IAU meeting in Prague in 1967. The proposed list of names' includes virtually all those used by the Russians in a lunar farside atlas based on pictures taken by the Zond 3 space probe in 1965, but in many cases changed the feature DRAWING SHOWS FEATURES (left) ALWAYS FACES EARTH will be named for living and dead American astronauts. Because some of the astronauts are still alive, there may be controversy about naming features for them now.

and so their names are on a separate list The craters to be named for the Appollo 11 astronauts all lie near the crater Sabine, just west of the wasteland site of Tranquil-" lity Base where Armstrong and Aldrin brought their landing craft Eagle down on July 20, 1969. The crater to be named for Armstrong is now designated Sabine E. Aldrin's is called Sabine and Col- Sabine D. (The craters are too small for Armstrong to spot on his backyard telescope.) It is unlikely that Armstrong and Aldrin caught more than a glimpse of the main crater Sabine on their historic journey. It was invisible below the horizon when they were on the surface.

The two astronauts did speak of seeing Sabine momentarily just after the as-r cent stage of Eagle rose swiftly on a seven-minute back into lunar orbit July 21, 1969. Among the cosmonauts and other astronauts to rhave features all on the far side of the moon named for them are: Cosmonauts: Andrian Nikolaev and his wife, Valentina Tereshkova, the only woman to have flown in space Gherman Titov, who spent a day in orbit in 1961; Alexei Leonov, the first man to take a "space-walk," Vladimir Shatalov, Konstantin Feoktistov and the late Vladimir Komar-ov, who was killed in 1967 when his parachute became tangled during an emergency return from orbit around the earth, and Pavel I. Belyayev, who died of ulcer complications this year. first studied the moon through a telescope and discovered its craters and huge dry "seas." The first two proposed schemes of names, by the Spanish court astronomer Langrenus and the German astronomer Johann Hevel-ius (1611-1687), were rejected by two Jesuit astronomers at the University of Bologna, Francesco Maria Grimaldi (1618-1663) and Johannes Bap-tista Riccioli (1598-1671). Instead of Hevelius's names based on geography and mythology, Grimaldi and Riccioli chose fanciful Nobel, Morse, Pavlov Bell, Marconi on list APOLLO names like Sea of Tranquillity (where Apollo 11 landed) and Ocean of Storms (where Apollo 12 landed last November) for big features and called individual craters after scientists, explorers and a few of saints.

Over 200 of their Many other names were added in 1791 by the German astronomer J. H. Schroeter, and in 1837 by the Germans William Beer and J. H. von Maedler.

Edmund Neison and Julius Schmidt of Athens brought the total to about 560 proper names by the 1870s. ham Bell, the inventor of the telephone, Samuel F. B. Morse, the inventor of the telegraph, and Guglielmo Marconi, the inventor of radio, all are included. Also honored are Alfred Nobel, the dynamite inventor and founder of the Nobel prizes, and such pioneers in medicine and biology as Hippocrates, Vesaliuss, William Harvey, Robert Koch, Paul Ehrlich, Elie Metchnikoff, Ivan Pavlov and Sir Alexander Fleming.

imi i Hnm niv ra i welcome at Heritage Village, an country community, write as Quiet 12th District erupts in and thus founded the science of radio astronomy. Two names chosen in 1964, for the Italian physicist Enrico Fermi who led the team that achieved the first sustained nuclear chain reaction in Chicago in 1942, and for the German scientist Max Planck who founded the science of quantum mechanics, will be moved this year from insignificant features along the "limb" to more substantial ones on the far side. The long list of names proposed by Soviet astronomers, now included in the larger list, has a decidedly international flavor. Besides H. G.

Wells, the Soviets proposed names from Britain, Sweden, Germany, Austria and the United States. One American name the Russians proposed was that of A. A.Mi-chelson, who did a light experiment proving that the so-called "ether" between the planets did not political Franey sees the problems of unemployment and housing in New Bedford, a city which comprises nearly a fourth of the population of the entire district, as paramount in the campaign. He is calling for the establishment of labor and skill training schools which can aid a person in need just as the welfare agency does now. He is not going to spend large amounts of money.

He has prepared newspaper and radio advertisements for the last two weeks prior to the primary. The central theme will be, "Restoring a Sense of Confidence in Our Government," he The third major Democratic candidate is Gordon J. O'Brien, 50, of Weymouth. He is a decorated veteran of World War II, who is concerned with seeing the Vietnam War ended. He is emphasizing the waste and the cost of the WHERE ON MOON.

NEAR SIDE exist, and who became the first American scientist to win the Nobel prize. The other was that of Percival Lowell, brother of former Harvard University president A. Lawrence Lowell and famous for his assertion that the surface of the planet Mars was laced with "canals." The Russians also proposed the name of Father Gregor Mendel, whose experiments with pea plants a century ago in Brno, Czechoslovakia, founded the science of genetics. For 30 years, until the 1960's, Mendelian rules of inheritance were officially disapproved in Russia in favor of the theories of Trofim D. Lysenko.

The International Astronomical Union standardized lunar names in 1932, but the history of naming features on the moon begins in the mid -17th Century, soon after the Florentine astronomer Galileo Galilei battle war at the expense of domestic programs. O'Brien, too, feels one of the district's prime needs is some form of labor and industrial aid for New Bedford. He favors Federal aid to factories willing to locate in the depressed areas. Another program he would like to see the Federal Government study is absorbtion of the costs of primary and secondary education. That would take the burden off the small homeowners, with which the district abounds, who are faced with soaring property taxes.

The fourth Democrat is Robert M. Hunt, 34. of New Bedford. He has the advantage of living in that center of population. His campaign has not been visible to date.

His political background includes an unsuccessful race for Governor's Council, in the 1st District in 1968. He ran as a Republican. TO Tuesday morning, Wednesday and Saturday morning Globe. Win. Alt Icy.

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N.H. man commission started work. Russian names for the moon had been accepted as early as 1961 when a crater, seen in Luna 3 pictures, was named after the Russian pioneer Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Russian nanies also were among those approved at the 1964 IAU meeting in Hamburg, Germany. Most of these names were for features near the edges, or "limb," of the mooli, in areas that are only visible intermittently from Earth.

Among the 1964 names were those of the American rocket pioneer Robert H. Goddard of Worcester, Rear Adm. Richard E. Byrd of Boston, the leader of the first flight over the South Pole; Rear Adm. Robert E.

Peary, first to reach the North Pole; and Karl Jansky, the Bell Telephone Laboratories engineer who first observed radio signals from outside the solar system HASTINGS KEITH GOP incumbent "plugged into" other Democratic town commit-, tees and traditional organizations. "We are relyimg on the old-liners the people who are solid Democrats," Franey said. He is a cautious and thoughtful politician who is not given to snap judg-, ments, according to his supporters. He has two sons who served in Vietnam in combat. He feels the war should be concluded "on a timetable ensuring the security of our troops in the field and continuing to aid those who stood by us in Vietnam." Who works as hard as you for your money? Your Personal Banker.

Let him help you make your money go farther, build faster. Hli advice li always available, alwayifree. The list of proposed lunar place names up for approval before the International Astronomical Union in England this month is a who's who of scientists, engineers and explorers. It emphasizes men, and a few women, who became famous in the 20th Century. But it also reaches back for a scattering of ancient Chinese, Greek and Arabic astronomers.

The Montgolfier brothers, first to fly in a hot-air balloon, Alexander Gra wi inyittuniiitiiii nv'mii i i ut iff- that Studds is the best organized. He is working from a central campaign headquarters in Plymouth because it is the geographical center of the 12th District He also maintains headquarters in Weymouth, the northernmost town in the district and New Bedford, the largest city. Studds was a White House staff aide during the Kennedy administration and later served as legislative assistant to Sen. Harrison Wililams (D-N. In 1968, Studds was the New Hampshire campaign manager for Sen.

Eugene J. McCarthy, in the first primary election of that violent political year which helped push Lyndon B. Johnson from the national stage. McCarthy will make a campaign appearance for Studds on Saturday, Aug. 22, in Woods Hole.

Studds has 25 full-time workers on the campaign staff; only one is paid. Studds has an organization in 51 of the district towns, and in many of the larger he has precinct organizations. He has been the most publicly aggressive Democratic candidate thus far in the campaign. He has used mailings and newspaper advertisements to place himself before the public, particularly in the ends of the district where he must work hard to establish his personal recognition. Two labor unions have endorsed him the garment workers in New Bedford and the Brotherhood of Machinists.

He is prepared to spend between $200,000 and $300,000, if he can raise it, to win the primary and final elections. He called the necessity of raising that amount to campaign "obscene," but By David R. Ellis GlobeStaff The 12th Congressional District -r- the second largest in the state long a torpid political area for two-party politics, has come alive this summer with several challenges to a veteran Republican congressman, Rep. Hastings Keith of Bridgewater. As Labor Day nears and the pace of campaigning accelerates, the two Republicans Keith and his challenger, State Sen.

William D. Weeks (R-Cohasset) are confronting each other, but never on the same platform. They are clashing over Keith's support of Federal subsidies for the controversial Supersonic Transport (SST) and his role in the Congress relating to the Vietnam War. Keith recently toured Vietnam with the congressional group that turned up the now infamous "Tiger Cage" political prisons. But there are sparks in the Democratic primary as well, although there is no incumbent to aim for.

The winner is likely to be the man with the best organization. The Democrats in the fight include Gerry Studds of Cohasset, Plymouth County Comr. John J. Franey of Abington, Weymouth Attorney Gordon J. O'Brien and Robert M.

Hunt of New Bedford. The focus in September will be on the Keith-Weeks confrontation. Keith has only once had primary election opposition, and that was token But whoever wins the Republican primary can be assured of a stiff fight from the Democratic nominee in, a district where a Democrat didn't bother to run in Of the four candidates, observers in the district ny 1 WILLIAM WEEKS GOP challenger he says it is necessary to unseat an incumbent. He is fervidly against the prolongation of the Vietnam War. He said he first thought about getting into the race "last November, when I heard President Nixon talk about Vietnam-ization.

I decided it was not a year to be quietly thoughtful." He bases his hope for September and November victories on his analysis of the district which has more Democrats than Republicans registered and the fact that Hubert Humphrey beat President Nixon by 22,000 votes in the congressional district. John J. Franey of Abington is a two-term Plymouth County commissioner. A Brockton high school English teacher, father of eight and a grandfather, he is a solid Democrat. He has been a member of the' Abington Democratic Town Committee for many years and is vice chairman now.

His claim to political fame is that he is the only Democrat ever elected to the county commission in solid Republican territory. The county also makes up about one-third of the registered Democratic vote in the 12th Congressional District. I Franey said he has a solid organization, his family is aiding him and he is STAY and DINE IN THE LAKES REGION Heritage Village welcomes visitors from all over the world tike the Canadian geese who unfailingly, on their annual flight south and back, stop over for few days on the calm, welcome waters of Heritage Village. And like the people who visited from France, Italy, Bermuda, Mexico, Chile and Monaco, and decided to mike Heritage Village thdr home. If not lurpriting, xeally.

One look at Heritage Village and the reason why most via tors want to stay becomes strikingly apparent If a the way the condominium homes are laced into the gentle, rolling countryside; and how the trees, open fields abundant with wild and the clear, dean country air are an integral fart of the living plan, forming a close, compatible relationship etween man and nature. These are only some of the reasons of NEW HAMPSHIRE This Guide appears in the morning, all day Thursday, CHRISTMAS ISLAND RESORT MOTEL IAr: RtttMMM mi with feMhif Rlf Mty. ImH4 M. I. Ttt.

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