El Paso Times from El Paso, Texas • 17

Page 5-11 TITE EL PASO TIDIES El Paso' HOME Newspaper Want Ad Dept. 532-1971 Dial KE 2-1661 Snnday, May 3, 1964 in imimmh i Rural Areas Present Problems J-' Colombian Army Is Fighting Banditry F3YIL0S By JOSEPH NOVITSKI Santa Teresa, Tolima, Colombia. (AP) Deep in the heart of this nation of majestic Andean peaks and fertile valleys the tough, well-trained Colombian army is fighting banditry and subversion. More Changes In Sight Rural violence has plagued Colombia more than 15 years The nation's armed forces, Brazil Dumps Commies; Financial Strides Taken backed by U.S. aid and com manded by the war minister, it Mm0- Maj.

Gen. Alberto Ruiz Novoa, have sworn to rid the country of the "bandoleros" the last rem na-nts of Colombia's 10 blood years of interparty warfare. Focal points of the campaign is the Lepartment (Mate) or Tolima, where "The Violence" Marxist Aid Sought 'Left Turn5 For Ceylon Brings On Political Storm By DENZIL PEIRIS as the undeclared civil war has come to be known has claimed some of its most sav From Cth Brigade headquarters Col. Bernando Currea directs the counter-guerrilla operations by 4,200 men of seven battalions. Currea, a graduate of the U.S.

Army Command and General Staff School at Ft. Leavenworth, gives his field commanders a free reign. He delivers orders to his staff, then telephones to Bogota to ask for four doctors to inaugurate a new health center. The seven battalions, each with a fixed zone of responsibility, cover an area of 53,957 square miles. In the wild mountains in the southwest corner of Tolima, spilling over into northern Huila, an "independent republic" is tightly controlled by armed bands totaling more than 300 men.

Tribute is funneled into Mar-quetalia, in an inaccessible valley. DESCRIPTION GIVEN Seen from a helicopter hovering under fire, Marquetalia is a group of three houses and a corral by a small river. Densely overgrown mountains ri-se to 8,000 feet There are no roads. From the houses Communist guerrilla leader Isauro Yosa, 55, directs the operations of a younger leader called Marulan-da self-styled "Chief of the Forces of Order." "In this region, we control what is accessible," says Lt. age tolls.

For the peasants of Tolima, La Violencia" flows along like Colombo, Ceylon. (AP) A political storm is gathering over Ceylon and Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike has turned the mighty Rio Magdalena in left in an attempt to escape it. whose valley they till their Convinced that neither she nor her Freedom party alone can crops of cotton, rice and soy beans. solv eCeylon's problems, Mrs. Bandaranaike is seeking help from For them, and for the coffee Marxist-oriented political groups.

In repayment, she is offering and cattle-producing neighbors in Tolima's rugged, rainy mountains, the 1948-58 period is concessions that would take this pick up about 20 more seats in island nation of 10 million clos Parliament enough to relieve known simply as "The War." er to socialism. pressure. The sociology department of the The nation is confronted with Ilangaratne has nationalized National University has reported By EDGAR MILLER Rio de Janeiro. (AP) A month ago Brazil was teetering on the brink of economic disaster and a possible take over by Communist elements. Today it is making strides toward whipping its tangled web of problems.

The lightning revolution that drove Joao Goulart from the presidency has brought many changes in Latin America's largest nation and more are in sight. Inflation had been doubling the nation's cost of living every year. Obviously the revolution alone could not solve this and accompanying debt problems. But it has brought a climate of confidence unknown for three years. The cruzeiro, Brazil's monetary unit, has strengthened in relation to the dollar, and the stock market surged.

Food lines caused by phony shortages have disappeared. Rio's daily blackouts, caused by an alleged power shortage, have ended. Wheat has begun arriving from the United States to avert a threatened bread shortage. Prices have leveled off somewhat, thanks mainly to state action temporarily freezing prices on many products. Guanabara State says food prices, for the first time in years, showed a slight decline over the 30-day period.

The government has moved to follow up its initial advantages that 200,000 persons died before rampant inflation, unemployment, paralyzing strikes, rising oTwrornmont'il ovnonifiTrflfi properties of Shell, Esso, and Caltex oil firms, set up a state-owned Petroleum taken nationwide warfare ended offi cially with a political truce be SPRUCING UP FOR A CAMPAIGN A Colombian company commander gets a helping hand from one of his men as he shaves alongside his tent in the rugged mountain territory of the South American country. Colombia's armed forces are presently engaged in a struggle against banditry and subversion in the nation's rural areas. (AP Wirephoto) over British, Canadian, Indian outstrip income, unrest in rural tween the Liberal and Conserva and Ceylonese insurance firms, areas, the prime minister's primary source of political support, and imposed strict controls on tive parties in 1958. POWER VACUUM and a dip in her parliamentary army forces trapped and shot The task of shaping up the op peasants confidence and cut British and India banks. Perera wants worker partici pation in management of state- When the feuding factions down "Black Blood," an outlaw eration fell to Gen.

Ruiz, a margin to three seats. The government was taking away their support of the ban made their peace Tolima Korean war veteran. To win the owned industrial and commer doleros the armed forces began whose true name was Jacinto Cruz Usma. emerged as a power vacuum. such knocks in Parliament ear Col.

Valencia, 6th Brigade oper cial firms that control cement lier this year that Mrs. Banda ations officer. "Where the roads A $10,000 reward posted for production, transport, petroleum ranaike sent members home un stop, Marulanda takes over. Alamogordo AF Cadet Named To Merit List Cruz went to his brother, Fe building roads and health centers, carrying doctors to isolated towns. The order went to the 6th Army Brigade Tolima's capi The new National Front regime governed only principal cities and towns, supported by the army and police.

Heavily armed groups of bandoleros til July, hoping to use the inter lipe Cruz Usma. Felipe said he Engineers, backed by a 1963 val to shore up her position. Aided by her Socialist-minded distribution and chemical and textile manufacturing. He wants state controls on export-import firms and firmer clampdowns on banks, with "concessions" to went to authorities after Jacinto threatened to kill him and his ruled the countryside. tal, Ibague: "Carry the war to finance minister, Tikiri Banda family unless they supplied the In the wildest areas self- has opened talks with Dr.

N.M, styled "independent republics" Ilangaratne, Mrs. Bandaranaike U.S. Agency for International Development loan of $546,000 matched by the Colombian are cutting roads through the area. Troops hold advance strong points, building medical centers and markets to attract the peasants. gang with $2,000 in supplies.

Communist party cards, guns, some of distinct Communist flavor sprang up, run by war U.S. Air Force Academy, Colo. Cadet Michael O. Wheeler, son of Mr. and Mrs.

Orvan H. Wheeler of Alamogordo, N.M., has beeen named to the superintendent's merit list for outstanding academic and military achievement at the Air Force Academy. He also has been selected for the position of squadron clerk grenades and ammunition were found when 13 surviving gang chiefs. Bandit chieftains, term- the bandits. Tolima must be pacified." HEAVY KILLINGS In 1962, 210 soldiers and 2,311 civilians died at the hands of bandoleros and 383 bandits were slain.

A year later the civilian members surrendered. themselves political pro tectors of the peasants, waged When will the army go Into In 19S2 the government de with measures aimed at stream the mountains after the political minorities, especially one million Tamils, who feel they are second-class citizens. The problems causing Mrs. Bandaranaike to swing left stem mainly from what one political expert calls Ceylon's desire to drink champagne on a beer economy. The Ceylonese for years, have yearned for the West's higher living standards.

Education war against the authorities un clared that the bandit leaders who had ignored earlier offers has opened talks with Dr. N.M. Perera, leader of the Social Equality party, and Philip Gun-awardena, head of the People's United Front. NEW ROAD Perera is an old-school Trot-skyite who has taken the parliamentary road to what he calls reorganization of society. Gunawardena is a Marxist bandoleros? der flamboyant aliases like with the rank of cadet staff ser- of general amnesty would have deaths were halved, and the lining Brazil's tax structure, solving supply problems which caused food shortages, purging governmental deadwood, and Valencia smiles: "We're burn Black Blood" and "Sure Shot." A key government victory to be fousht on their own geant.

He is a graduate of Ala-! ing our bridges and our bandits bandit deaths almost doubled. Army casualties fell to 118. came during the week when mogordo High School. one by one." eliminating some of the basic causes of the inflationary spiral Goulart tried some of the. who claims he picked up leftist from kindergarten to university tendencies at the University of i3 free, medical treatment costs Wisconsin and Columbia Univer nothing, and train and bus trav sity in the 1920s.

He says na el is subsidized. Nearly 18 per cent of the annual national tionalism, Buddhist revivalism and Ceylon's indigenous culture budget of $450 million goes to are the instruments of making lower the prices or consumer progress. rice. Price supports pay farm If Perera and Gunawardena ers more than the world rice price can carry their parties into Mrs. Bandaranaike's fold, she will All this on a tea, rubber and coconut economy that is growing at a rate of about 0.8 per cent annually while the population gains 2.6 per cent.

The welfare bill and salaries for top-heavy government ad ok ministrative sections leave lit tle money for capital invest ouvuV-: wr ment and the hope of creating industries that anight raise the annual per capita income of $123.40. Heavy deficit financing has been in effect 10 years. Foreign exchange reserve has slipped until at times it is ade quate to cover just two months of imports. Ceylonese import hair their rice and almost ai their clothes Curbs on imports drastically reduced customs and tax revenues; strikes reduced tea and rubber production, and tied up Colombo port so many times that foreign shipping lines imposed a surtax. The budget has been thrown almost hopelessly out of joint.

Some projects such as road building have been al lowed to lapse as an economy same measures but they failed as he gave in to first one, then another, pressure group adversely affected. President Humberto Castello Branco, armed with extraordinary powers plus the firm backing of the military forces which ousted Goulart, seems immune to most of these pressures. Mass arrests of Communists and fellow travelers took place early last month. Hundreds of those seized have been cleared and released. Others may face! trial on charges of violating national security.

The so-called supreme command of the revolution, composed of military leaders, has virtually faded away after fulfilling its announced role of preventing partisan squabbling from putting Brazil back to the prerevolution level. Many Brazilians, imbued with the idea that the military's place is in the background, took a dim view of the armed forces' post-revolutionary action, although they said firm measures were needed. Some still harbor resentments such as one pro-Communist student who declared: "The Castello Branco government didn't get a good start. It began with a coup of force. A dictatorship though tinted with legality replaced a regime which could be called anything but which was the legal regime.

Perhaps the predominant view of the events in the past month was expressed by Juliao Silvei-ra, a dry goods salesman whose salary is equivalent to about $50 a month. "It's difficult to know if Brazil is at last on the right road. But I have great hopes that President Castello Branco will be able to solve our problems because if this doesn't happen it will be the time of the Reds. And this will be bad," he said. Castello Branco, a highly respected military man who rose from private to supreme command of his nation's armed forces, has 21 months to clean house on his own terms.

He has picked a team of basically nonpartisan specialists as Cabinet ministers. They have promised to start the basic reforms, including land reform, that Goulart talked about. Elections next year will pick Castello Branco's successor. Campaigning for the presidency, already under way when the revolution came, has halted under a tacit agreement to give the new regime a breathing spell. It is still early to begin speculating on what new political factions and alliances will grow up before the 1965 vote.

The two main candidates arose before the revolution. Carlos Lacerda, governor of Guanabara State, was one of th3 measure. Further hampering Mrs. Bandaranaike are inefficiency and a. Two rich amethysts and "9 diamonds in swirled 14K gold setting.

$89.95 b. Linde star sapphire set with 8 diamonds in luxurious 14K gold. $125 corruption in some state-owned GOING THROUGH MANY CHANGES Brazil, Latin America's largest nation, is making strides toward whipping its tangled problems since the lightning revolution early in April drove Joao Goulart from the presidency. The revolt has brought many changes and more are in sight. During Goulart's regime, Brazil was on the brink of economic disaster and a possible takeover by Communist elements.

(AP Wirephoto Map) a candidate, for his attitude toward Goulart and his Communist-leaning regime. Littlez resistance to the new regime has appeared. Only one important independent newspaper Correio Manha has consistently opposed it. The most important extreme leftist paper, Ultima Hora, has offered only token resistance. ventures which report large financial losses.

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