The Boston Globe from Boston, Massachusetts • 127

HIE HOSTOM SUNDAY r.LOBK-M)miBKR IB. 19.12 A-C3 Here Are the Building Blocks Out of Which Nature Creates Plants tllkt tint naa an a Soli accumulates In layers. The into frfur groups, according to roots fiom getting Oxygtn. Culti land soils, or were earlier In his which aid Us growth; the bottom one, generally two to three feet below the surface, Is the par-ent rock. Next is a finer type weather and the sun which contain the secret of growth; growth: Nitrogen, Phosphorus and FoUsxium and in that order are listed en every bag of fertiliser according to their proportion in the mixture.

For Instance, 5-10-10 By JOHN WM. RILEY "What nrc the elements of The study of anything on that science? ''God's little half acre" begins The familiar ones arc these: with the asking of questions. The seed, the plant and the So if scientific pardoning jsjsoil from which it springs; our subject, the first qucstionithe fertilizers and water tory. Today our soils se em tn be deficient in some of them, pur-ticulaily boron. A Jack of boron injures root crops especially, Thre are many other elements! found In plants in minute amounts.

I which may have clay shot through it. And the top layer, anywhere 8 whot't nw IflrQfi) homt gardentr? vutlnn overcomes this. The next thrre are railed the Primary Element for plant the main sources of these dements which make up from 3 to percent of a plant's dry matter. These are called the Primary Klrmenls because cropping depletes them first from the soli. Third in the order of plant nutrients are the Secondary Elements; Calcium, Magnesium and Sulphur.

They are less likely to become delticient in the soil. Arain soil and orrnnic matter HiALATiIOui I he more prominent ones are chlorine, sodium, aluminum, silicon, iodine and cobalt. Scientists have not been able to determine whether these are nocrssary for plant growth, liut four of them arc MAIATHON is a new In- urli.H.U ili.i.M a. if r.v 1 essential fur animal nutrition: chlo is a common garden fertiliser, hull, organic matter and fertilisers are their sources and their importance in plant life. Air and water are the sources of the first three: OxyRen, Hydrogen (both Eases) and Carbon.

You may remember from your high school chemistry that Hydrogen is the lightest of the known elements, being number one in the atomic table. Diamonds and graphite are Carbon in its pure form. These three elements are present in varying proportions in all organic matter. Carbon being the key element, and they make up more than lor uee in me eome garara. is a development of American Cytnoro'id research.

rine, sodium, iodine and cobalt. Most farm animals get chlorine and sodium in common salt, fed to In the tools and principles with which man works in cultivating his land. The of Ihtse is soil, from which nil lift) derives, What is oil, tht'U? "A living thing," writes Gove HambidKO in hi sum-mury of. "Soils and Men," the Department of Agriculture 1938 Yearbook, "A living thing born of parent rock" developed slowly under the influence of climate, vegetation and the lay of tho land. Wind, rain, heat, cold, filarial action, worked in thrlr turn on the oriRinal rock, wound it into particles.

Their sue and variety determines the structure of'th-j soil, and this in turn has an eflect on its productivity. Thus, larye particles make a loose sandy soil, fine ones, a heavy clay. Root penetration, hard or easy, water movement and absorption am all effected by this soil structure. I iuiiii in gicuu iiiiAiuii: ijj vj I from no Inch or two deep in thin Eastern soils, to a foot in richer lands, is normally line, loose and absorbent. Physically, soil Is a mixture of solids, liquids and gasses, like All matter.

The solids are first the inorganic rock, second organic matter composed of decayed living things, both plant and animal, root and bacteria. The gases are chiefly air a mixture of many gases in varying proportions. Chemically, soil Is a complex thing indeed, as are the plants which grow from it. Basically, living plants sre about four-fifths water, one-iHth dry mstter. If you could completely analyze the dry matter it would show traces of as many as 30 chemical elements.

Hut only about 15 of these are1 known to be necessary for plant growth. The 15 elements are divided are the first sources of these cle MAIATHON control of many faaacts sad' ments. fertilizers, and more im mtM on garden fruila, Mill 1110, nun 111.1 luiiitfiu iodine and cobalt. Apparently, only ruminant animals (sheep, goats and cows) need cuixilt Here then, ore the building blocks out of which nature makes plants, and from plants, animals. But there are other factors which tables, lowers and thrar.

It a euy to uee and effectively eoa- i percent ot tno dry weight ol plants. Tho two cases, two parts ot Hydro- portant, lime, are man's artificial sources. There are parts of the country where sulphur is lackinij i in the soil. But New England soiU Ido not seem to be deficient, i Finally, there are the trace ele. ments which altogether make up le.s than 1 percent of the dry matter of plants.

These are iron. FRIEND LUMBER HELPS YOU DO IT KOW twn Y0U" H0Ml BT BUILDIN0 ME "OOMJ OR GARAGES AND L.HJ52 0UB EXPERIENCED STAFF STANDS READY TO SERVE YOU WITH IDEAS ON HOW YOUR WISHES CAN EE FULFILLED IT THE LOWEST POSSIBLE COST BY USING OUR EASY BUDGET PLAN. UP TO 30 MONTHS TO PAY" CONTINUING FRIEND'S SUPER SPECIAL OF THE WEEK WESTERN FIR BOARDS THOUSAND ft BOARD FEET tral a variety of pests. Ben to one part Oxygen, make water. We observed in this space last week that cultivation is one ot the methods of making nutrients available1 to plants.

Thus, a heavy or water-logged soil prevents plant I MAIATHON b. aotitabn at your favorite ft' I den supply store early la UNsV It will be epeoaHy forauUud must be considered, too. They are heal and light, with the sun as their primary source. They are like the mortar without which the building blocks will not hold to jmoganesr. Boron, zinc, copper and 'molybemim.

Most are continued in sullicietit quantities in Mew Eng gether. aad packaged by saany well-f' known aiaaufactum Watch far it! How to Take Care of Your Garden Look for MALATHON entheUbeL Uiatuuma I have a hydrangea hush snd it looks rather nnslchtly with those large dead flower clusters. Would it be all i Klit to prune at this time of year rather than next Spring? MRS. B. C.

J. Sloughton, Mass. I'll artmit that the flower clusters New England Building Projects Recording to Cainey's Const ruction Newsletter the following in a partial list of projects vow being figured. Hospital Addns, AlU Equip Norwood Nov 19 Pumping Renovations Towksbury Nov 11) Con.str Climatic Projects Laboratory Supplementary Facilities Mt Washington, Hampshire. On or all Nov 20 Readiness Bldg Parking Areas Driveways Walks Ext Utilities Prcsque Isle, Mc alt Nov 21 PIIA 28 1 Housing Pi-njcct-Framingham Nov 2G Water Pipes (laying) Medford, Mass Nov 2fi Constr Bides Utilities Falmouth on or atit Dec 1 On Site Utilities Roads Grading Bedford abt Dec 3 DISAPPEARING ATTIC STAIRWAY Attfaulnral Omaiteli WWm htm Vrk to.

Htm Ve SECTIONAL OVERHEAD GARAGE DCORS are unattractive, yet when they're covered Willi snow tney mane a rather pretty picture. As to pruning, the recommendation of ex-Derts is to prune the dormant trees grow, so I assume it could be grown in the North in a greenhouse. i No Bees, No Honey No Fruit Either If there were no bees, there would be no honey. But what's more important, says Frank R. Shaw, professor of bee culture at the University of Massachusetts, there would be no spple crop, no peaches or pears.

Furthermore, many other fruits and agricultural crops would be dismal failures without the busy little bee to carry pollen from one blossom to another. While other Insects da some pollinating, says Mr. Shaw, the commercial fruitman depends upon honey bees. Too often, other insects are depleted by pest control programs. ffTTTTI neighbor tells me are red stemmed dogwood.

However they are not red as I've seen these shrubs growing in other places. I ram in ha in. J. L. Your shrubs may be redstcm dogwoods.

There are of course several dogwoods which have red stems. The older they get, the less brilliant the red color. The bark tends to turn brown or greenish. Keep your plants well pruned and you'll find that the red color is quite prominent in most cases. I overheard some people talking the other day and one of them mentioned the lychee.

At least that's what it sounded like. Could you tell me what kind of a plant this is? E. S. C. South Weymouth.

The lychee is a fruit which grows normally in sub-tropical areas as Florida. It has a very fine flavor according to all reports. It will usually grow where citrus season. I would say that now isl 10 Reasons Why Your Garden 68 Needs Thorough Fall Cleaning FOR CEILINGS UP TO 10' Complete with hardware Installation can be arranged We CAN ALSO 8UPPLY ANY SIZE YOU MAY REQUIRE certainly the dormant season. Trie pruning should bo done well before growth starts in the Spring.

Usually Spring pruning is done too late. Of course next Spring you would want to take out nny wood which had been injured by the Winter, but actual pruning should be done before then. I bought a new home thls'past Summer and there are some shrubs in the backyard which my EACH 10. To facilitate, the application of Winter mulch. You will surely agree that it is By ALFRED W.

IlOICOt KT Department of Floriculture, University of Mass. much more pleasant to look upon a KILN DRIED OAK FLOORING KNOTTY PINE PANELLING BEAUTIFUL DESIGN mm i ll mi In any discussion of the Fall careiwinter garnen which is neat and of the flower Rarden one must ccn- attractive rather than upon one sider Fall care lirst from the the stalks of old perennials, point of a good, thorough house-i weeds, and general rubbish still cleaning: and second from the view- persist. However, of all these rea-point of Winter protection for gar-sons for Fall clean-up. one of the den plants. 'most important is of preventing There are many good reasons 'heaving of the soil, which is the why one should take the time and moM frequent cause of Winter kill-energy to give the garden a good ing of herbaceous perennials.

As thorough cleaning in the Fall. The you know, the surface of the soil following reasons have been dem-, expands as freezing takes place. In onstrated to have the greatest ef-leases where the soil fluctuates in feet upon the development and temperature, a plant may be corn-ease of maintenance in the garden ipletely heaved out of "the soil, the following year: ipiants such as delphinium, colum- 1. To improve the appearance of bne. coralbells.

and penstcmon the garden. i frequently ruiler from poor sur- 2. To destrov insect pests. jince drainage or lack of Winter pro- 3. To eliminate disease organisms.tection.

For this reason you should 4. To eradicate weeds. (cultivate around these plants and FOR ALL PURPOSES Beautify and protect your grounds with rust-resisting chain link fences or our fences of Wrought Iron or Rustic Wood. Dinn fences are lasting and attractive. P.

J. DINN CO. Fence Builders fsr Years 278 Dover Boston i2V2CPEYuVT- All Popular 8-Ft. Lengths Telnhene HAncerk S-1SIS KILN DRIED RED CEDAR SHINGLES s. lo improve aeration around the add a light straw mulch later in 000 1st Quality Combination crowns.

the Fall, preventing 'inter killing. 6. To prevent heaving through the surface of the soil. 7. To afford: an opportunity to ft YEAROUND Save a date for the Horticulture Show on Knv.

7, 8 and 9 at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. The main theme this year SCREEN incorporate organie matter. 12" CLEAR BUTTS 8. To facilitate the setting ot new is to be the interior court of a shop. COMBINATION 18'10 ttt 4 nil, to.

plants. ping center which will resemble a 9. To improve surface drainageiparlrlet. This show is free to the conditions. (public.

STORM DOORS STORM WINDOWS 3 It's Grubs Skunks Are After OF EXTRUDED); ALUMINUM 1 Our service include measuring vonr nronertv and recommend When They Dig in-Your Lawn ALL SIZES ALSO -Combination STOHM ANO SCREEff WINDOWS incr most desirable typ el 2 S15.65 9" $16.50 $15.90 $17.00 3x69" $16.90 3x71" $17.50 Skunks are not the stinkers you think them ta be when they start digging holes in your lawn. Actually they're doing you a favor by eating the grubs, because that is why the skunks are digging; to get grubs which are in the sod feeding fencing. Phone or write foe estimate or one of our repreeenutltea BOSTON CHAIN LINK FENCE CO. 848 ADAMS BORCHISTM GE 6-6680 Before you SEE CARTER WINDOWS on the roots of the grass. LUMBER OF ALL KINDS Windows, frames, oak flooring, asbestos board, asphalt shingles, roll roofing of all weights, insulation board, insulation wool, builders' hardware and all other materials needed for the repair or construction of a home at moderate prices.

Come in and let us help you with your building problems. For Friendly Service, Phone or Write This word of warning comes from Ellsworth H. Wheeler, ex BEAUTIFUL NO SPRINGS tension entomologist at the Univer-' sity of Massachusetts, who sug- gests that home owners take steps. "Silver Cloud" immediately to treat their lawns. SMOKE NO FANCY GAD6ETS PROTECTION PtUS-Forthe Xs for the control of these grubs.

Let the skunks look elsewhere for new. hunting grounds The chances arc good that the' majority of these grubs are Japanese beetle grubs, says Wheeler. Treating the lawn now with grub killing material will do away with the damage done by the skunks and also by birds which dig the lawn hunting for grubs. The home owner also will reduce to some extent at least the damage done to ornamentals next Summer by the adult Jap beetle. Chlordane is the best material to use, all things considered, Mr.

Wheeler points out. You'll need five pounds of 5 percent chlordane riut for each thousands square feet of lawn area to be treated. Mix with soil or somp other material so application can he made easily and evenly. Measure your lawn area you are certain of the rale of tpplication. Apply just before a rain.

One application will protect your lawn against grubs for four or live years. Full information and other suggestions on Japanese beetle grub control and the beetle itself are to be fc'nd in Special Circular 182. This is free to residents of Massachusetts and may be obtained by writing the mailing room. Univer-. sity of Massachusetts, Amherst.

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