The Boston Globe from Boston, Massachusetts • 72

THE BOSTON SUNDAY GLOBE MARCH 18. 1958 Drama. of National Importance Reaches Climax at Montgomery This Week Trial 93 Negroes --Ministers, Lawyers, Teachers, Others -in 'Bus Boycott i niHiiJj. niiiiiiiiiiii.ini i 1 1 1, mm iiiiiii ii ii mum' jumhp' King's parsonags. Tha damsga waking moment is occupied with was minor.

But ina impucauona were major. At this point the essential oe- problems of the boycott in which some SO.000 Negroes, out of the city's total population of 124.750, are refusing to ride the buses. By CHARLES L. WIIIFPLE Globe Staff Correspondent MONTGOMERY, March 17 A tense drama of profound national importance will reach a climax here next week in the Cradle of the sire of both sides for peace may have asserted itself. tsotn tne Mayor and the Police Commissioner went to the scene and stated firmly that the person responsible for the outrage would be apprehended and prosecuted.

There are those who deem it no They comprise some 70 percent of the bus patrons. As a result, the system lost $3000 a day. The fare was then raised from 10 cents to 15 cents and service was curtailed, but still the company is losing an estimated $1200 to $1500 a day." How did it all start? White Confederacy. Ninety-three Negroes ministers, lawyers, teachers and others will go on fault of these officials that no one trial starting tomorrow tor tneir part in KW ft I has yet been arrested; a few suspicious whites believe the Negroes staged the bombing leaders charge it was instigated I i 1 I I Mv, by outside agitators. Negroes deny A crowd of Negroes gathered this say it was "spontaneous.

outside his home after the explo the "walk and pray." boycott of the state capital's bus system. A young doctor of philosophy from Boston University, Rev. Martin Luther King, is the boycott's top leader. He and the others face possible fines of $500 i i it iu This is what seems to nave Hap pened: Mrs. Rosa Parks is a bespecta sion, and Dr.

King told them: "We believe in law and order. Don't get panicky. Don't get your weapons. He who lives by the sword A1 Wirephoto) will perish by the sword. Whipple ana six monins imprisonment uiey are convicted and it sticks.

I want it to be known the length cled, bright-eyed and smart little Negro seamstress for a downtown department store. She is 43 and said to be a leader in the local chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored Peorjle. and breadth of this land that if law to compel Negroes sitting far- I am stopped, this movement will "WE BELIEVE IN LAW AND ORDER. Don't get panicky. Don't get your weapons.

He who lives by the sword will perish "by the sword," Rev. Mr. King counseled the crowds who gathered outside his home after it had been damaged by an explosion caused by a bomb thrown from an automobile. i But far more Is involved than fines and imprisonment, and the not stop. thest to the front to give up their seats to whites who must otherwise stand.

Two days later, a bomb went issue is bigger than a boycott On the evening of Dec. 1, she off in the yard of E. D. Nixon, climbed aboard a 36-passenser ous, It is aeainst the law for a Negro tne lormer N. A.

A. C. P. head, At another stop, the driver asked to sit beside a white person, or But there was no injury and little ha was reclassified 1-A by the Negroes for fosterinf tht boycott. four Negroes, including her, to damage.

"without Just cause." local draft board. eive up their seats because more The defendants included 24 Ne On Feb. 18 tha Grand Jury In white passengers were waiting to AP Wireotaoto) REV. MARTIN LUTHER KING (right) being booked by Lt D. H.

Lackey after being arrested on indictments returned by the Grand Jury in the bus boycott. Rev. R. D. Abernathy, another Negro leader (center), accompanied Rev.

Mr. King to the station house. He had been arrested the day before. board the filled bus. Rosa Parks refused dicted Gray on tha charga that ha illegally represented one of the women who filed tha suit She She said later it was a sudden Impulse, because she was tired.

gro teachers and tha pastors of 20 Negro churches. They wert charged with conspiracy under a 35-year-old law originally enacted to end a strike of coal miners in Birmingham. Among those sr rested again was Mrs. Rosa Parks, who has appealed her first convic vice versa. The Negroes' demands are threefold: More courteous treatment of them, seating on a first-come-first-served basis.

Employment of Nerro driven on predominantly Negro runs. Their leaders said Negroes would continue to sit from the rear of the bus, and the whites from the front. The driver called a policeman who arrested her, and she was released on bond for trial Dec. 5. Bail was furnished by E.

D. Housewives, however, continued to call for and take noma their lations. At this meeting, the busi company rejected two of the three settlement proposals as contrary The Pullman porter just laughed. But others did not. The White Citizens' Council added $500 to tha reward offered by tha city commissioners for information leading to the arrest of the bomb throwers.

At the same time, five Montgomery Negroes, represented by both Gray and Charles D. Lang-ford, the only other Negro attorney here, filed a Federal suit asking that local segregation laws be declared unconstitutional. This changed, in effect, the objective of the bus boycott Until then. Gray had been draft- Nixon, a Pullman car porter and servants every day. The servants that is now in its 10th day.

Here in the shadow of the statue Jefferson Davis, most white leaders feel that to give in on the bus boycott would end in destroying the southern way of life by encouraging the Negroei to demand more. Senator James Eastland of Mississippi Is said to have declared at a. recent white mass meeting here that "if don't atop these Africans, we'll wake up some day and And Martin L. King in the White House." The Senator spoke for a very large body of opinion in Alabama, whose population is 68 percent white. The Negroes, on the other hand, feel that to give up on the bus boycott, to gain what they think modest, would be an unbearable setback hopelessly prejudicing their attempt to escape from second class citizenship.

There seems no middle ground to srjeak of. The minority of white former state N. A. A. C.

P. president whom she had known. to the segregation law, but offered1 had testified that she had not known what ha was asking her to do. This indictment has since been thrown out Gray, whose mother was a cook who managed to send him north to be educated, is still subject to the draft On Feb. 13, Circuit Judge Eugene Carter had charged the County Grand Jury to determine whether the bus boycott violated the law.

said they boycotted the buses only to "keep out of trouble." One said: "I gave up buses for Lent." to probe formal complaints of dis The lawyer who took over her The Negroes' tactics have been was vreli Grav. one of courtesy. But tension mounted. Authori- tion to higher courts. Since then tension has mounted higher.

The Negroes of Mont gomery keep on riding in Negro car-pools, or just keep walking, some for long distances. Rev. Mr. King and tha ethers will appear in court row morning. Both inside that court and far away from it, many called "passive resistance" and the Mnnteomerv's two Neero lawyers.

Few davs later, when the name of Indias late Manatma Gandhi has been credited for this named a 16-man committee, it dis- 0n Jan 26 Rev Mr King was agreed along racial lines, eight tot arrested lor driving 35 miles an eiim cauchi piijirau ujhour in a 25-mile zone. more courtesy on which it was On Feb. 21, three daya after On Jan. 30. a bomb or dynamite inspiration.

It may be that one or more of Rev. Mr. King's teachers in Boston, such as Prof Raphael Demos of Harvard with whom he says unanimously in favor. things can happen, in both places, Indicting Gray, the Grand Jury deferred because he was also a By the next evening, a meeting of about 50 Negro leaders was held in Rev. Mr.

King's church to organize a mass protest for Dec. 5. Those present deny the boycott was proposed. stick was thrown from a passing car and exploded outside Rev. Mr.

minister. But almost immediately returned indictments against 89 they may not necessarily be Dad. he took a fourth of his studies. 1 rF37 and Profs DeWolfe and Bright- savingsxTf A few weeks after this, the Mayor and City Commissioners, Including the police chief, publicly enrolled In the white Citizens' Council. The same day, Jan.

24, the Mayor urged white citizens not to carry their Negro cooks to and from work in their cars, thus helping the boycott. man of the Boston University philosophy department, could have had something to do with Rev. Mr. 3D-60-90 King i discovery of the tactic POMS and mopp, It was In Boston that the student preacher met and married his wife, the former Coretta Scott of Marion, Ala. She was a voice student at the New England Con CARE Still servatory of Music He attended moderates appears hopelessly discouraged.

Both sides warn their eupporters against violence, but violence has come in what seem cycles. It may come again. On one side, the boycott has taken on an intense religious fervor of the kind that launched the rrnsades in the Middle Ages. On the other, it has evoked an equally intense racial feeling, and both, unless responsibly controlled and perhaps with fear as a mutual determent, can bring plenty of trouble. But the immediate issue of the Carries On B.

U. from 1951 to 1954. Living the first two years en Massachusetts av. near Columbus av. (after his marriage, they lived on Northampton si Then they returned to the South, bus boycott; was not, as many for Refugees It Aids Escapees Northerners think, a Negro de mand to end segregation on the where the Rev.

Mr. King's father is a preacher in Atlanta, Ga. His son, 27, is pastor of the Dexter Avenua Baptist Church, only a stone's throw from the marble steps of the State Capitol Building where Jeff Davis took his oath as president of the Confederacy in buses of the "Montgomery City Lines. Inc." In the South, Negroes ride In the rear of the bus, and the whites at the front. The white drivers have authority backed by state 1851.

SENATOR JAMES O. EAST Right now, Dr. Kings every fruit- COATS CpLfWs crs LAND of Mississippi fears a Martin Luther king in White House. feC WILD WINK CLUTCH CAPES RANCH MINK POCftfcT oTULKB GET YOUR EASTER FURS HOW INSURANCE GO. LOSS YOUR GAIN $93 $68 DYED SQUIRREL CLUTCH CAPES DYED SQUIRREL STOLES irtn iirvpTs nH rAPFS Las) week we had en enplosion in our Boiler Room.

The building reeled and ihoolt loose the plaster, mortar, fixtures, and shattered eur mirror glasses which completely covered our entire stock of precious furs including all the brand new merchandise we had prepared for Easter, and eur used furs, remodeled furs, rebuilt furs end unclaimed storage furs Yes, we cleaned them, but now according to law, we must tell them as USEDI Our Loss is Your Gain and just in time for Easter, too. Save many hundreds of dollars on each garment. So Hurry, Hurryl Orlrimlly ii'iti to KW5 wnrn new. Ail ptieei Plui Ul BUDGET CHARGE But the next day. an unsigned mimeographed leaflet asked Negroes to refrain from bus-riding Dec.

and go to the meeting "for further instructions." Negro ministers mentioned it in their sermons Dec. 4 and the local newspaper and radio station spread the news, too. So on Monday. Dec. 4, the yellow buses became the "yellow ghosts." Protesters went to work by Negro taxis or on foot.

Who Fled From Behind Iron Curtain Many an most poignant memories are not ol battle, but the human flotsam ot battle; helpless civilian refugees who lined the roads ol wartime Europe or huddled in tha bombed-out huts ol Asia. Areas and conditions are changed, but the world's refugee problem Is Just as tragic today. CAKE, marking Its 10th anniversary of International service this year, has announced a new refugee campaign with a proposed financial goal of $100,000 to $125,000 for tha Berlin-West Germany area alone. Of the 16,000 persons who flee from East Germany to the West and freedom each month, pitifully few arrive with more than "the RESTYLE REMODEL YOUR OLD FURS Brtnf In your old fur for FREE d-viec or a fur stylist wtil call at your home at no oollffation. CALL HA 6-5836 PUR RENTALS for ALL OCCASIONS Rosa Parks, meanwhile, was fined S14.

That night, the Negro mass I meeting adopted its three settlement proposals and a resolution to continue the boycott indefinite- (no V. 1 SAVE HUNDREDS tih THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS en tach garment urging it be "regardless of race, color or creed." It also tt i iihiiuji i trim tstm iliiilir ii formed the Montgomery Improve' ment Association. I Rev. Mr. Kinc was named chair PLASTIC WALL REAL 9 x9 INLAID LINOLEUM man of its board of directors.

Next clothes on their backs." Nearly all need immediate aid, along with 30.000 others now living in camps TILE iffi day, the boycott was 95 percent el-fective. I A car pool took shape. Sheets of paper, with numbers on them, iwere nasted on telephone poles. TILE file and JOO.WXI nard core reiugees the old, the sick and those unable to help themselves. ImtitoWt.m USUALLY 3S sq.ft.

all first qualify USUALLY I5e i. Here CARE takes over. Through your support, it stands as the Police would not decipher them at ft MIRACULOUS I mmi 0ett Muskrat Cm(s FT 1 Srtj Bee tomftay Lani Jtkst S3 Tit intermediate relief agency between first but the sheets listed 40 pick up points for 250 cars. TO In the first several days, some i La NATURAL GREY KJDSKtH COATS SLACK DYED PERSIAN LAMB COATS BROW DYED MARMOT CAPE-STCLES LE6PAR0 CAT COATS AND JACKETS ORIGINALLY, whta we the American people and the refugees of West Germany. Non-profit, non-political and non-sectarian, CARE la made up of 26 American relief, religious, cases of stoning and even firing upon the buses were reported, but 1 3 Bia ajej reisiy raw U8JII Hxl Ofsj Hsskrat Costs White Prcesd Braajia.ll Cape B'd Bfcj traad'ai Iscket natural tat fn tint $350 there has been oniy one sucn in-ipident since both sides met Dec.

8, labor and cooperative croups. It the suggestion of tha bi-racial ORIGINALLY, nn new, 200 $453 I Alabama Council on tie- bas the official approval of the government of every country In which it operates. How can yo heln tha Refugee Campaign? One dollar sent to Ok OPEN I'M, WED. 1 8:30 CARE, 175 Tremont st, Boston, will guarantee delivery of a duty 1: VI UNCLAIMED FURS from Storage from new ealee from reetyling dept. NEW FURS before explosion 1 or 2 yeare old Samplee alance of our Block USEDFURS Second-handf trade-ins free, 22-pound package of surplus food for West German refugee relief.

Each package, bearing your bsfovfoabjl! name and address, contains seven pounds of cheese, nine pounds of powdered milk (equivalent to 38 CARRIAGE CO. 4 quarts) and six pounds of butter. These are the supplementary foods most needed in this area. Need is CARE'S only criterion in the distribution of relief. Mission Folding SLEEP STROLLER -ihtvi 1 i-S chiefs deliver all packages, regardless of the refugee's race, creed or country of origin.

Eauallv imDortant to refugee re SENSATIONAL VALUE Famous Quality Storkline CRIB OUTFIT Stltlt OrtpilM littlnrMt lllrtlm Co. itmtlH 8-WJ jKtaklt tr'M tuMtlfallr Smnttf Vu. Sink. (nr. (aula S34.8S CRIB SIZ.SS VALUE BRAND NEW 1956 FURS covery are the agency's Self-Help packages.

A penniless refugee craftsman, for example, must supply his own tools for a new job. S3 8 tUQUltl 11.eB SUTTftEtS Mculr 2.95 BUMPER Tofltthar PUe. 49.9 outfit CARE'S Apprentice Carpentry Kit contains all the trade's basic implements; planes, a screwdriver, 1 XOW COMPLETE Alt THREE $3375 folding rule, saws, hammers, chiS' els, files and rasps. With these. Fimon Mika DRAFT PROOF a refugee may apply for appren ticeshiD or a new job.

COMBINATION For families relocating In West PRES-TOE Fully Automatic Folding tineliadi Cmw. Similitrt LMthv. LKk-tliht Sil'tf Sri III. Win WkMli. i )ttele FMt iit.

eei-Inl litl. STROLLER Oricinally Noiar When New n'1" Silver Blue Mink Scarfs $35 $8.50 Royal Pastel Mink Scarfs 39 9.50 Natural Ranch Mink Scarfs 45 12.00 Ranch Mink Cape Stole 450 45.00 Wild Mink Cape Stole, 550 55.00 Ranch Mink Capelet 395 95.00 Royal Pastel Mink Clutch 495 125.00 Ranch Mink Clutch Cape 695 285.00 I2-Skin Silver Blue Mink 895 395.00 Ranch Mink Full Length Coat ..1250 95.00 Ranch Mink Jacket 850 225.00 Half Blood Ranch, Mink Coat ...4000 995.00 Germany, there are CARE Re settlers' Kits to help in rand-clear. rr FREE STORAGE UNTIL FALL TAKE UP TO 2 YEARS TO PAY frlilnillyNOW Briar brown dyed Marmot slota 1 29 $35 Moutsn Jackets dyed Beiga Dk. Br. .135 IS Brown dyed Muskrat clutch eapi 1 69 IS Silver Blu Muskrat stole 179 (9 Brown dyed Squirrel pocket eapa 219 63 Hone; Beige dyed Marmot ttoti 239 79 White Foi capelet 269 99 Moonglow dyed Muskrat Jacket 399 109 10.

sheared Raccoon jacket coat 495 1 1 9 Brown dyed Marmot coat full length 389 1 29 Black dyed Persian Lamb coat 450159 Silver Blu Mink gill coat 695 189 Black dyed Persian Lamb cut 750 250 Katural Grey Persian Lamb coat 895 365 Champagne dyed sheared Beaver 895195 Bland dyed sheared Beaver eeat 1 400 49 5 ine and home building. These in CARRIAGE PLAY YARD maw clude a spade, ax. pincer, ad.iusti- ble cultivator, snovei, nammer, CCNUINC "liidil IWMT" bick and frame handsaw set. Americans may take advantage of CARE'S educational packages bv donatin the American Book FEEDING TABLE Cmllllt i Cie-toy iitiil Ckraw Ltei IRl fMt A shelf of literature explaining this country, its government and way of life. Children's Book Kits contain picture books with simple texts for younger, or older children.

Still another service, and an important one, is the Welcome Kit for men or women, designed to make the just-arrived refugee feel he has reached fredom and $34.95 Retail ElUE. CIET ttl lEVEDSISlE Ki0l.tS iUlli Tint Brand Haw Capis, Stolis, Jickiti 1r f-itt Ellrt rllf Tiki. Tne Sbnrid Dya4 Lit-0nt rTaeeooH Fill Liflflh Coats krind sew LAYETTE SPECIALS atari A Safari Alaska Snl Ceeta end Jeekato aied In excellent condition. III) ft. I 1 18 QT.

PORCILAIN tinui 1 Iff tualsa Ban- List aa.es nun l. it 8t.n Ait P(fl ana Vrd folds completely. Heavy eo'ner poU rnirn sr- mm ran Cfflntlrtt I till Ciwpf 51887 frinds. I sfiftl VU. 11 "I i originally, I 111: Qfl I You can Support the Refugee Program by sending any of the fol II tkarnMl.

Telle In Buy Now at This LOW PRICE STCP-ON DIAPER fAIUS UniV St Htq. 60 List nUn rSST NOW 2.77 aav tcLt. i-te and rugged conttruction. RETAIL NOW $11S0 lowing amoutns for specified items wnen new $1295 LI VI $91 VVl Orig. up to $200 I y-I-wd, to CARE, 175 Tremont Boston.

Berlin Food 13 choice good No rotll erdrs on Hsma. products $10.00 rTfi I 03:17 1 Budget Food 9 choice food products 6 95 American Bookshelf 30 00 Children's Books 10 00 Men's Welcome Kit 5.06 Wool Suiting 34 yards. 13.50 Surplus Food I CO Household Linen 10.00 Resetter's Kit 15.00 Apprentice Carpentry 18 50 Welcome Kit 6.50 COMPLETE DISPLAY OF ALL TYPES OF JUVENILE FURNITURE AND TOYS AT DISCOUNT PRICES.