Daily News from New York, New York • 59

LEG BEN (Continued from preceding page.) BRITISH nRMY "amm POSITION OFTmT AVCiCAN iSv Burgoyne Surrendered After his defeat at Bemia Heights, Burgoyne withdrew northward to the position indicated on this map, where he was surrounded by the American forces. He handed over his sword and his men stacked their arms in the old fort at the confluence of the Fishkill and Hudson. others lived lives not eventful enough to get into history. Arnold died in 1801, the victim of nervous disorder not specified, but probably shingles which would not permit him to sleep. Ha is buried beside his wife, who survived three years, in St.

Mary's Battersea, London. Andre, who was hanged at Tappan, N. Y. is buried in Westminster Abbey, where there is a monument to him. Burgoyne, who cleared his own name of charges after the war, also is buried in the Abbey, but his grave is unmarked.

Now Arnold is an eternal puzzla to the historian, the novelist and the psychologist. His name, once the blackest in the pages of our history, is emerging gradually as that of a man whose unstable temperament was tried to the breaking point by an ungrateful government. He risked his life for his country maybe just because he loved a fight, maybe because he was a sadist who loved the sight of blood, or maybe because he was a real patriot. At any rate ha risked it and got not only small thanks but a good deal of criticism as well. His Name Is Third On Memorial.

Despicable as was his act and, the 30,000 is always being compared to Judas Iscariot's 30 pieces of silver no one ever can rob him of the glory of his achievements at arms. Quebec, Champlain, Stan-wix, Ridgefield, Saratoga, where that brave left leg carried his traitorous remainder. Those wh are responsible for keeping aliva the records of our history are coming to realize this. On a plaque at Fort Ticonderoga headed "Through This Entranca to the Place d'Armes of the Fort Have Passed" Arnold's name is third on the list, after Washington and Franklin. (On it also ara the names of famed Britons, such as Amherst.

Montcalm, Carleton, Andre and Burgoyne.) In 1938, his name was placed after that of Gates on the Saratoga Battlefield Monument, in a place previously blank. And tha obverse of the monument shown with this story reads: Erected 1SS7 by John Watts de Peyster Brev. Maj. Gen. S.

N. In Memory of The most brilliant soldier of the Continental Army who was desperately wounded on this spot, the sally port of "Great (Western) 7th October, 1777 winning for his countrymen the decisive battle of the American Revolution and for himself the rank of Major General The monument, with the boot oa the other side, to bear out tha quotation at the beginning of this story, stands alone in the field, enclosed by a fence. Wilshin, tha government historian, was looking at it this Spring, shortly after arriving to take up his duties at Saratoga. There had been a deep thaw and the ground was soft and spongy. He happened to look down, and in front of his toe there was a musket ball, cast up by tha thaw.

Wilshin likes to think it might have been the very ball that wounded Arnold. It is notable that the government men working on the project all voice the opinion that Arnold has been much maligned. They think, like one of his old soldiers: "He was our fighting general, and a bloody fellow he was. lis didn't care for nothing. He'd rids riffiit in.

It was 'Come on, boys'; it wasn't 'Go, He was as brave a man as ever lived." It's probaMy something somebody made up, but Arnold is reported to have said on his deathbed: "Let me die in my old American uniform in which I fought my bat' ties. God forgive me for ever Arnold the reinforcements he demanded the battle would have been over then. If it had not been for Arnold on that day. Burgoyne would have marched on to Albany. As it was, tlnfirst battle of Saratoga ended as a technical draw, although the British were already defeated.

They lost about 000 killed and wounded, the Americans about 320, small in comparison to their full force. IM spite of his losses, Burgoyne intended to continue the battle on the 20th, but his exhausted men put that out of the question. Then came the news that the inconvenient Stark had appeared tut of the woods and retaken Fort Edward, which Burgoyne had aban doned in his forward move. On top of this, Burgoyne discovered that Gen. Lincoln had surprised and raptured Sugar Hill overlooking Ticonderoga and had also taken most of the British Hupply fleet on Lake Champlain.

His rear was cut off. Still groggy under these blows, be received a letter from Gen. Clinton at New York. The letter aid he was moving on Fort Montgomery (near Peekskill) in about 10 days. Burgoyne at once answered, asking Clinton to hasten, as he had littl food in camp.

The reply, secreted in a silver bullet, never reach! Clinton. The messenger aj captured and swallowed the bullet, but it was recovered with an emetic, the message was read and the messenger was shot. Clinton, who had received reinforcements from Eii gland for his f'tratf wp the ca tured' Forts Clinton and Montgomery and on tht Kth of October sent Burgoyne ji.v tint t'oeen him and Gates. It was then too lute. Burgoyne, heartened by the earlier word that Clinton was coming: his aid, had decided to advance.

Of his aids. Gen. Phillips ventured no opinion, but Fraser and Gen. Baron Riedesel of the Hessians, wanted to withdraw. Bur-goyna finally settled on what is called a reconnaissance in force, wita about.

men. Gates and Arnold 'In Bitter Argument. Hi moved out of his' entrenched camp facing Gates between 10 and 11 on the morning of Oct. 7. He deployed his small force in a corn-j field Gen.

Ralearres on the right With light infantry, Riedesel in the center with the Germans, Acland on the left with the Grenadiers. In the American camp, after the buttle on Sept. lif, Gates and Arnold had a hitter argument, th on. if and cursing at each other. Thi result was that Arnold was deprived of his command and had v-riften f.j Washington asking for a transfer.

Therefore, he had really no official position in the eamp when Gates sent out Gen. Morgan with 1,500 men to tarn the British right, Gen. Enoch Poor nd 1,000 to the left and Gen. Eb-enezer Learvde with 2,000 to hold the center, Morgan drove back the light infantry and Poor made mincemeat of the Grenadiers. Burgoyne ordered a withdrawal.

Arnold, ordered to his- quarters In the Gates camp, had been biting his fingernails and fuming. Later comments were that he had also been drinking to liven his enforced inactivity. In any event, just as things were going against the British, he burst from his quarters maddened, leaped on his horse and headed for the battlefield a quarter of a mile away. "No man shall keep me in my tent today," he was later quoted. "If I am without command I shall fight in the ranks, bat the soldiers.

Cod bless them, will follow my lead. Come on!" As soon as he reached the field, with fire in his eye and a rasp in his voice, he took virtual command. Wondering observers later said he was a madman, spurring his horse to impossible feats of equitation, driving the soldiers into reckless attacks. tlla switched; feom tie right Jo I NEWS map bj dtaM Artut PftiadimJ phia he wooed and won the lovely Peggy Shippen. He lived far beyond his income, was continually in debt.

Such was his administration that the Pennsylvania authorities finally made accusations against him. He was accused on several counts of misfeasance, malfeasance, and all manner of jugglery. The more serious of the charges at last were dropped and Washington delivered a fatherly reprimand to cover the rest, but Arnold couldn't take any more. He finally asked Washington for command at West Point, a strategic position on the Hudson, with the express intention of selling the place to the British. The British agent in the case was John Andre, handsome young officer who had known Peggy Shippen before she met the battle scarred widower Arnold.

(No Shippen-Andre romance Is even suggested; they were just friends.) How Arnold and Andre planned to kidnap Washington as well as hand over West Point; how Andre was captured and betrayed by his clumsy tongue; how Arnold escaped by the skin of his teeth while Washington wa3 only a few miles away, all hava been told many times, in novels, biographies and in school history books. From the minute he left his terrified wife and fled to board the British sloop Vulture in the Hudson, his name became a byword for treachery. And the bitterness that led him to his step only increased after it. The British paid him 6,000 of a 30,000 payment, he was said to have been promised. It wasn't even enough to get him out of debt.

He returned to America at the head of British troops in Virginia and in Connecticut, and his brutality to the enemy became legendary, although it probably was no worse than the actions of any other officer. Old friends now recalled how he tortured birds and sprinkled broken glass in the roads when he was a boy. Army friends now remembered his drinking, his berserk fury in battle. pORNWALLIS surrendered to Washington at Yorktown on Oct. 17, 1781, four years to the day after Burgoyne handed his sword to Gates at Saratoga.

Arnold went back to England, where for a time he attempted to get a military appointment. The British apparently were unwilling to trust a traitor. He never got a commission, although he did get a pension of 1,000 a year. His three sons by his 'first wife were raised by his faithful sister Hannah. Ben died in Jamaica as the result of a wound in his leg in the British service.

Henry died in New York. Of the four sons and a daughter by Peggy Shippen, all the boys entered the British army. Edward, the oldest, like his father, I 17th, his more than 5.000 men piled their arms. Congress did not keep the terms of surrender, fearing that Britain might be tempted to use the troops again; they were jailed in Boston for some time before being sent back to England. Just as with the battle of Waterloo, literally hundreds of writers have played around with Saratoga.

Many who took part in or witnessed the action have written memoirs on it. Many odd opinions have cropped up. The Baroness Riedesel with her children, one as yet unborn accompanied her husband on the expedition. She was in the house where the brave Gen. Fraser, picked off by a rifleman, died.

She hadn't much use for Burgoyne and charged that on the night of the 7th, after all the blood and tragedy of the battle, he amused himself drinking champagne in his tent with the wife of a commissary, or quartermaster, who was his mistress. Another German who was at the battle said Burgoyne could have escaped the encirclement on the 10th but wanted to stay to have one more comfortable drinking party with his inamorata. Whatever Burgoyne actually did, he was severely charged by the British Government and insisted on a hearing in Parliament. It is chiefly because of this hearing that American historians are fairly well informed on the battle, because he obtained statements from everyone he could find as to what actually happened. From these records including such items as maps of the field by W.

C. Wilkinson, British Engineer Office the United States Government is now reconstructing the battlefield. ''Arnold's Blood Watered the Laurels." F. F. Wilshin, historian for the National Park Service of the Department of the Interior, has been installed there all Summer doing the groundwork for the restoration.

CCC boys have started archaeological excavations, roads will be built, markers will be relocated until the visitor will be able to get as clear a picture as may be of what happened on that day in October, 1777. What happened to Arnold afterward nearly everyone knows. Scores of books have been written about the arch-traitor. He got little credit for the Saratoga vie-tory "Arnold's blood watered the laurels which now encircled Gates' brow." His wound, six months in healing, kept him from fighting. At last Washington offered him the command at Philadelphia, where he took over in June, 1778, the day after Lord Howe withdrew.

Howe's occupation had been noted for, high-living and Arnold. took up where Howe left In Philadel-1 the left and again, once even riding between the lines, exposed to the fire of both sides. Driven back from the redoubts behind which' the infantry had retired, he led a charge on the sally port of the "Great Redoubt," behind which the Hessians were sheltered. Repulsed there, he hurled himself at the British left. Then he returned to the Hessians and crashed through.

With: the battle won, Arnold's horse was shot from under him and a musket ball shattered the thigh-bone of that brave left leg. He stepped an American trooper from bayoneting the Hessian who fired the shot. The battle lasted for five hours, being ended by darkness. In that time Gates sat in hi3 headquarters arguing the merits of the American Revolution with Sir Francis Clarke, a wounded British officer who died after listening to Gates' choleric remarks. Far from worrying about the battle, which he could not see from his headquarters, Gates even lost his temper with the dying Englishman.

He called James Wilkinson, his aid, outside and said: "Did you ever hear such an impudent The wounded Arnold, still on the field, got an order from Gates to return. The commander apparently had just discovered his absence. So Arnold was carried to a dressing tent. Amputation was discussed, but Arnold said he'd have "no such damned nonsense." His leg was patched up and he was sent on to Albany. URGOYNE knew he was defeat ed.

When dawn came on the 8th of October, he found more Americans under Gen. John Fellows in position on the heights of the east bank of the Hudson; there was no way out in that direction. He called for a retreat, moved back to Saratoga, where his headquarters had been in Gen. Schuyler's home, and then crossed the Fishkill, establishing himself on a plot of high ground. Gates did not follow at once.

He was short of supplies and the victory obtained by Arnold had so affected the army that they could do nothing but celebrate. Gates moved north on the 10th. Burgoyne in desperation prepared for an attack but then found that 'Stark was planted just behind him, Morgan and Learned were drawn up to the west all the main body of Americans wa3 just across the Fishkill south of him. The trap closed while he was debating abandonment of equipment and retreat. A flag of truce brought the answer "Unconditional surrender." He parleyed further and as a result, on Oct.

16 obtained the right of transportation of his troops to Great Britain on the condition they would not again be used against the States. He thereupon surrendered to Gen. Gates and, on the putting on any other." was wounded, la th leg. The,.