The Sacramento Union from Sacramento, California • Page 2

A WEEK AMONG THE SIOUX. A STORY OF THEIR WOOING AND WEDDING. Their History and Martial A Feast- A Funeral, Mourning, Etc. by Dr. 11.

Latham for the Record- Union. A quarter of a century ago the vast country between the Missouri river and the crest of the continental divide was a savage wilderness. Countless buffalo, elk and antelope roamed where now great herds of cattle, bunds of horses and flocks of sheep graze in pastoral peace and plenty. The powerful plan tribes of Indians hunted and camped where now there are golden fields of grain, wide stretches of tasseled corn, and many smiling homes. The transcontinental lines of railway stretch their giant iron arms where then were only the game trail and overlan i wagon road.

The most powerful of these aboriginal nations wns the Sioux, or, as called themselves, the Dakotas. They "were the finest physical specimens of the human race, many of them being six feet tall in their moccasins; straight as an arrow, and lithe, supple and active as panthers, They were graceful, daring horsemen, rivaling in equestrian feats the Cossacks of tiie Ukraine, or the Bedouins of the Arabian deserts. They dominate i a country larger than the Middle or New England States. They were true nomads, never cultivating the soil, but living solely by the chase, and wandering from valley to valley at will. Their wealth was in their bands of horses.

Their labor was hunting and their pastime war. They were the terror of their neighbors, whether white or red. Some of their chiefs once boasted that the rising sun our war parties water their horses in the Mississippi river; towaid the setting sun they drink from the clear streams that take their rise in the eternal snows of the great mountains; to the south the valley of the Arkansas echoes to our battle cries; to the north the prints of our horses' hoofs are to be seen in the sands of the British possessions." Not long before tie. time of which I write a signal lire on their high council hill would have sent twenty thousand mounted warriors into the field. The surveys and prospective construction of the Pacific railways alarmed these jealous and watchful people, and they waged war against all pale The war was fierce, bloody and uniting.

Sully, Dodge, Wheaton and Conn led armies against them, but without decisive results. In ISO 6 peace was purchased wan them by liberal presents, and promises of annuities. When the treaty was concluded the ale and Ogilialla bands started south to hunt and winter in the Republic valley They had 2,000 tepees or wigwams, and several thousand horses. They moved slowly down the east side ol the North Platte. saw them from the top of Scott's bluff, an they looked like 'an army corps of cavalry.

During the lour years or war few white men had ventured into that valley, and it was consequently swarming with game. Every morning numerous hunting parties went out on either Hank and drove the game before them toward the main body, when a grand slaughter took place. The military post of Fort Sedgwick was near the overland station of Julesburg. It was I ire that the notorious Slade had his headquarters, and there that hi held Jules Bernard a' prisoner, and cut off his ears as trophies before shooting him. We had a small force of troops at the fort for the protection of overland travel.

We watched the progress of this body of Indians with a good ileal of anxiety. The peace had been bought, not conquered, an i therefore all the frontiersmen prophesied that the chiefs would be unable to restrain the young braves when they once reached the overland route and saw the rich wagon trains of goods that lined that road. It was in August when they arrived at the bloody ground of Ash Hollow, where the gallant Harney, some years before, on a foggy morning at the gray of dawn, had surprised a large war party and annihilated them. That place was so mar the overland route that we momentarily expected 'o hear of an outbreak, and we were not disappoint At i o'clock of an August morning I was aroused an orderly, who said, The Colonel's compliments, and wants to see you at headquarters." needed no in terprecatioh. ll had only one meaning, and that was Indians.

With no marked Christian feeling, 1 obeyed. At the post adquarters 1 found a civilian with a foaming, panting horse. This man The Sioux are at their work again." The Colonel ordered me to get whatever I neededand go to the relief of some wounded men at the California crossing, and said that ie: would send a corporal and four men with mc. 1 suggested that there were at least three thousand well-armed warriors iii that neighborhood, and that six men would not mtiKc much ofa fight against them. Here plied thai all the force ai the postcould not light them' and that six men were enough to ii" killed.

With this consoling explanation I made my preparations, and wi started out. I had a horse, captured in the South, that was nearly thoroughbred, md 1 determined, in case we met any force of Indians, to lot them have the contents of my Henry rifle magazine, and then give the horse his head and let him show bis heels fo the Indian ponies. 7 It was a beautiful, cloudless iiight, with a full mo in. Our route was down the broad, well-beaten overland road. There were no habitations there, except tbe stage stations, built with thick walls of sod, and pierced with port-boles.

They were covered with mud roofs, and were "bullet, arrow and fire-proof. It is wonderful what strange and fantastic shapes the bunches of grass and bushes, aud even the bluffs, with their shadows, will take on in the moouligbt under such circumstances. At that particular time each and all of these objects at a little distance assumed the exact appearance of Sinus warriors. We saw the object, and our hands went involuntarily to oar trusty Henry ritlcs, and our hearts went up into our throats. I can say this coolly now after the lapse of twenty long years.

If all the objects that looked like Indians that night had been really so, tlio Sioux tribe would have figured in th" census up in tbo millions, and I did not see any more than my brave escort did. The night seemed interminable but at last the morning star paled, the silver gray of the coming dawn crept over eastern horizon, Ike, sun rose out of the dead level of the wide, illimitable plains, and swept away all the strange, threaten- of Uie night, and sent oar courage up and our hearts back to their proper places. We were near Uie California crossing, and if wu had to fight we could at least see what it was we were fighting. At the crossing whs an old French; trading post built by Beauvais. It was a log and adobe fort, with immense warehouses for storing Indian goods nnd furs.

Beauvais was one of the adventurous Preach traders who had penetrated the trans-Missouri country long before civilization did, and made fortunes buying furs from the Indian-. He was a companion of Choteau, St. Vram, Robideau, Sublette and Colonel Bent. Tbe roof of his fort that morning was as glad a sight as ever met mortal eye. Arri veil there, we were met by Dilly Beauvaisj who gave us full information of the Indian attack.

It seems that a party of young braves left Ash Hollow on a hunt and wandered over to the Platte, where they came across the wagon train. They at once pitched into it, wounded and scattered the teamsters and helped themselves to what they could carry away. Some of the frightened teamsters took refuge in Beauvais, giving him a full account of the affair. He at once sent a halfbreed employe of his to the camp at Ash Hollow, fifteen miles away. In the night an Indian runner came in from Spotted Tail, the head chief, with word that he had caught and punished the offenders, that there would be no further trouble and that he would be at the crossing with his whole camp in the morning.

It transpired that the offending party came into the Ash Hollow camp just as Beauvais' messenger had finished his account. Spotted Tail, who was a war chief as well as a councilor, was furious at this infraction of the new treaty. He jat once seized the young chief who had been in charge of the party and beat him unmercifully with a war club, breaking his arm and otherwise severely injuring him. He cut his tepee or wigwam into strings, and shot his horses and dogs. Old "Roman Nose," the father of the young chief, interfered, and Spotted Tail gave him a blow on the head with a tomahawk that laid open the scalp for six inches.

The other offenders retired to their tepees completely cowed, and the outbreak was over. This was good news to us. I dressed the wounds of the poor teamsters, and made them comfortable. Some of them were so severely injured as to require my care for some days, and I settled down to see the Sioux and their strange customs. By 10 o'clock in the morning the advance of the Indians appeared on the crest of the Platte bluffs, and soon the main body were swarming down to the river.

In the distance they looked like ants on an ant- hill. The Platte was at nearly full bank, but the men, women and children, mounted on ponies, plunged into the stream, and swam it like beavers. A pony, with three or four little children, some of them hardly able to walk, would breast the current, and take his burden safely to the opposite bank. After the crossing had been made the camp was pitched near the river, and in half an hour the woman had all the tepees up, and the camp looked like an arm corps in Sibley tents. The old trading post soon assumed a stirringappearanc chiefs and warriors came in and greeted Beauvais with loud 'hows, and Inquired after his father, who was absent.

The squaws came up from camp to trade. The bargaining between an Indian trader and a party of squaws would be a less I for a ready-made clothing merchant. As they come in the trader takes no notice of them, although they may be old customers of his, and he may not have seen them for years, as in this case. The squaws look around indifferently and unconcernedly, never betraying any interest in his wares. At last one mentions that "goods are plenty and sales dull." The trader re- plies that, on the contrary, goods are high and scarce, and that he has had such a rush of trade that he is almost out of everything." Then the squaw remarks that furs and skins are very scarce, and that soon there will be none at all." To which the trader replies that he is "glad of it, as there is no more demand for them." The squaw then asks how much sugar for an antelope skin, or some other article, and when the quantity is named all the squaws declare that he 'is "the stingiest man in the world," and that his heart is not as large as a grass seed." At last the Indian ware is passed over the counter, quick seized and placed beyond recall, and a small tin cup of sugar is dipped up, at which there is a chorus of exclamations from the squaws at the smallness of the cup and at its not being full.

And so it went on with every article sold and bought. Young Beauvais expected to reap a harvest from the Indians during their stay, which was to be a week. To increase the trade, be arranged for a feast to the chiefs. A beeve was killed, and every cooking uten-i! in the trading post was called into requisition. An old Indian was sent to extend the invitations to the feast.

He went down to the edge of the land bench that overlooked the camp, and walking along its edge he shouted out his message, He gave a glowing account of what they were to have, and of the generosity of he white brother. Every time be passed near a tepee, in which there was an invited party, there was an answering "Howl how! how which seemed to be an unqualified acceptance. In the interval between the invitation and the feast i had an opportunity to see some of the patriarchs of the tribe. They had the most wonderfully seamed and weather-beaten faces, but otherwise they did not show the effects of age. The eye is as bright as in youth, and the form "is still as straight and erect as at twenty.

They have a custom of scarifying the skin of their arms, legs, breasts, and even their faces, when their friends ike their parture to the "happy hunting grounds." You have a record of the loss of friends through a long life of dangers and perils in these white scars. What a story they could tell, if properly interpreted, of the loss of friends in tierce hand-to-hand battles with the Pawnees, Crows, Utes, Apaches, and pale faces; or perhaps they record the loss of those nearer or dearer than brother warrior -a wife, a daughter or a son. Just before the time for the feast some of the old chiefs took possession of the great warehouse, set apart as a banquet room. They look their places, an i then awaited the arrival of the guests. When these came they were welcomed by loud hows," and 'assigned to places according to ink.

When an ordinary personage came in the hows were moderate only'; but when the party had specially distinguished himself they were long and Little Thunder, an ex-head chief, was brought in. He was lame from a wound iii the hip from a poisoned Pawnee arrow. His greeting was enough to take the roof off the building. When all had arrived and taken their places the food was brought in, steaming hot, in tubs, ties, nans and its. Each lot was greeted with a loud How! how! Then Little Thunder commanded silence, and made a speech, in which he charged each one to put every particle of hate of the white man out of his heart before eating their food.

He recalled the late treaty, which they had all signed, and urged them to observe it in good faith; The speech was quite long, and in its delivery this old uneducated warrior displayed wonderful oratorical power. After he had finished, came the feasting, which lasted till the last vestige of food had disappeared. Spotted Tail, tho head chief, who ha i wo severely punished the offenders the night before, sent word that he was ashamed to eat a white man's food after what had happened. He said that his heart was too sore over the induct of his people to engage in any festivity. also sent word that he wanted td sec me, and that he would call upon me during the After tit" feast, the young men appeared with the pick of their horses, and there was a succession of race on the wide, hard overland road.

A match would be made and then the betting would commence. If a man was bcttine, lie threw the blankets, pipes, tomahawks or other property on th side of the road that hi 3 choice of the horses was to run on. As the betting grew fiercer and faster, the pile increased, till it. sometimes seemed as though there was nothing more in the village to bet. Then the riders would mount without saddles, the partisans of each horse range themselves along the side of the road, the tarting judge would send them oil, and then would come the most demonical yells ever heard from human mouths, all cheering their favorite on as be passed them.

The raco over, the winners pick I out their property and winnings from the two piles. In tin- way twenty races would be run in a couple of hours. About sunset Spotted. Tail came to the trading-post, and stalking in without a word of greeting to the others, walked over to where I was standing, and extending his hand, said How He was fully six feet tall, and finely formed. His features were uncommonly regular, and his expression pleasant.

He ordered all the Indians about the place to come iii. Then he commenced talking, sometimes addressing me and sometimes the Indians. He recited the causes of the four years' war, its incidents and results, and then spoke of the late treaty. Then he alluded to the unprovoked attack upon the train, and the punishment of the offenders. He declared thai he bore every provision of the treaty in mind each waking moment.

He then had brought un a horse for each wounded man, and offered them as blood offerings. Then he turned to the Indians present and said that this was the last time that offenses against the white people would be condoned by blood-money; that thenceforward blood would be required for blood. Ido not pretend to give more than the purport of what he said. I have seen many of our best orators of the last forty years, but none of them compared with this Sioux chief. I had ample opportunity during the week I was there to study their habits and customs.

Every thing about them had an absorbing interest lor me. That which interested me most, however, was their courtship and marriage. li is the habit of these people to retire to rest at dark or soon after. This necessitates an early supper it is the duty of the young girls "to bring water from the spring or creek near which they are camped. For tho morning meal this is done as early as 4or 6 o'clock.

On these occasions they are dressed with as much care as a white belle when she promenades in a fashionable park. As they returned from the spring to the village" they would be met by the young men, who were seemingly oblivions of their presence. This was not the case, as when one of these ardent youths arrived opposite the girl of his fancy he would take the right upper corner of Ids blanket in his right hand, and, wheeling around like a flash, throw his arm around her, thereby enveloping both of them in the blanket. Then he tells his story of love and admiration in a low voice, oftentimes in a singing tone, as though he had resorted to a rude verse to convey his tender passion. The girl scolds him for his impudence and impertinence, orders him to release her.

and struggles to herself. He seems to expect this perverse coyness, and continues his story in a torrent of words. If she is emphatic in her utterances, and struggles violently, the other girls come to -her rescue, and, pulling the blanket off, pelt him well with sticks, stones, or anything at hand. In this event, the young suitor walks away with a smile, probably in search of more willing ears for his avowal. Every evening, for the week they were encamped there near this trading post, at the same hour, this strange but rather emphatic wooing went on.

At ether times the people by no" word or act showed their preferences. During my stay I was a frequent guest at the tepee, or wigwam, of Spotted Tail, the head chief. He was the son ofa chief, but had won his way to the first position in the great Indian nation by bravery in tbe field and wisdom in the council. On these visits he told me the history of the Sioux, or Dakotas, from the time they a small handful of dog-prackers in the snows of. the Bed river of the north, through their migrations after the buffalo to the south, their settlement at the mouth of the Chey- enne river, in Dakota, ami their unequal but successful wars with the great Crow, Ute, Pawnee, Kiowa, Arapahoe and Chey- enne tribes.

He went over his many marches, his long fastings, his fierce battles ami great victories with gleaming eyes, and with as much pride as a Napoleon, a Grantor a Sheridan could have shown. His oldest daughter had died at Fort Laramie, and he spoke ofherin terms of deepest Borrow. His pride at that time was Mahreta, a daughter 16 or 17 years old. She was by tar the prettiest girl of her tribe, or any other, so far as 1 ever saw. She had regular features, large eyes, aquiline nose, beautiful teeth, and she was a picture of rustic health.

Her out-door life and training had given her a grace and ease of movement unapproached in civilization. She was an artist in their rude way. She excelled in 'rating robes with the colored beads and porcupine quills. She made beautiful beaded moccasins, and she did their picture writing on pipes and tomahawk bandies very skillfully. She made out the annual "totems" or records ofthe braves, which her father, as head, chief, issue las a certificate of bravery.

was the favorite of the great chief, and his look, usually proud and haughty, softened and became as tender as a girl's when it rested upon her. Often as she nimbly plied the needle or deftly painted the "totems," chant some song of great dee, is and matchless bravery, or of romantic love and undying devotion, he would turn to mi and ask if any pale- girls were as beautiful as his Bed Bird," the English of her Indian name. Little Thunder was often brought to the tepee of Spotted Tail. Tho regard and admiration which those two men had for each other was remarkable. They would tail: long and anxiously of the future of the great Sioux nation.

On these visits Little Thunder was often attended by his son, Mapaluta. Tie was one of the youngest chiefs of the tribe. He hud won ins promotion by bravery, while a mere boy, in expeditions against the Crows. He excelled in all athletic sports, was a daring horseman, an unerring marksman and so swift of loot as to bo called Redwing. I had seen him met Mahreta in her father's tepee a score of times as coolly and indifferently as possible.

One evening, however, when Mahreta was returning from the spring he met her, and, throwing Ids arm around her, and his blanket over both, he detained her, an lin a chanting tone told his story. She, as in custom bound, scolded him and pleaded to be released, but, as I thought, 30 mildly that her no must surely mean yes. lie evidently thought Uie same, as he rep a i the wooing each evening, only to be met with quiet scoldings and struggle for escape. I had hoped to haveso v. wedding, but it was not my fortune at that time 1 was more fortunate afterwards.

One tiny as I was on the bluiF above the camp, watching the busy scenes of wild life before me, 1 sawa woman upon to a high point, and turn her face to the east and utter the most plaintive calls. She continued at this for hours. I inquired of young Beauvais. my mentor in affairs, what it meant. After inquiring he told me that her husband had gone out some weeks before on an expedition against the Pawn and that he had become separated from the rest of the parly, and that it had returned without him.

There had been hope that he won eventually come back, but that hope was now nearly gone. Another party had been sent out after him, and its return was daily expected at camp. In a day or two it came in and brought the word that he had been killed by the Pawnees. I went to see how she bore the news, and when I found her she was a frightful object. She had cut ofl her long hair, and with a knife hud slashed her arms and face so that she was covered with blood.

She was sitting on the ground, with ashes thrown over her head, and was rend the air with her cries, in which she was accompanied by all the lost husband's relatives. The mourning for the lost warriorcontinued day and night so long as I was with them. The My had been brought in, and was prepared to be laid at rest. The Sioux do not bury their dead. There was a rude attempt at embalm ing, and then, with a pipe and tobacco, his weapons and ornaments, some provisions and bead: used as money, he was securely wrapped in a large buffalo robe.

Then lie was carried away a party to be placed in some trco of a grove. I have seen some of these groves used for loaded with bodies. I recall to mind one at Mud Springs, near the North Platte. On a scout we had camped there, and out of mere wantonness some soldiers climbed up and shook the bodies down, until stopped by the officer of tin- day. My wounded teamsters recovered so as to be able to be moved, and my stay among the Sioux came to an end for that time.

7 In the following autumn the hi unes went to war, and raided tbe overland route, Stealing stock and murdering people. A force was sent out from our fort, and I accompanied it as medical officer. We went south to the Republican, where wo came across the Sioux camp. Spotted Tail was delighted to sec us, and gave us a warm welcome. We camped near by and they gave us plenty of game for our whole parly.

With them Billy Beauvais, who bad several wagon loads of goods. He was doing a good business trading for furs. I was the guest of the chief, and given a pile of robes and skins for a bed in bis tepee. Mahreta was there as beautiful and as much the pride of her father as ever. At dusk that night I was talking with Billy Beauvais, near the tepee, when I saw an Indian lying flat in the ground near by, and 1 called Beauvais' attention to him.

He spoke to him, and asked him what he was doing, there. The reply was "Keep still; 1 am waiting to carry off Mahreta. Billy then said: "'lt isMapatula; lotus gtand back, and you will see the result of a Sioux courtship." The members of the chiofs family were constantly passing in and out of the tepee. Tlio young chief laid in wait without the movement of a muscle. At last Mahreta came out, and she had no sooner appeared than he sprang upon her, and taking her in his anus started off with her.

She made no noise or movement till they were in front of a neighboring tepee, when she gave one spring out of his arms and disappeared inside the tepee. Be vanished as suddenly as she did, but not in the same direction. I thought it was all over for that time, at least, but Billy said Wait and see." In a few moments "she came ont and walked noisily and rapidly toward her home. Just as she was going into the tepee he seized her again and carried her away. She uttered no cry and made no resistance.

1 then went" into the tepee of the chief, and after some talk with him we all retired. I noticed thai Mahrcta's place on the soft warm robes by the other children was vacant, but there was no sign from any one that her absence was noticed. Karly in the morning Billy woke me up and said, "Hurry up if you want to see the rest of this ceremony." I looked 7 around and saw that the whole family were gone. I hurried out and found the chief and all his relations gathered in front of the tepee. Soon from a distant part of the village the groom appeared, followed by the bride.

No sooner was he in hearing distance than he was greeted with a full chorus of "You cruel, bad man, you have made our hearts ache." What is the matter now he said. You have stolen the flower of the nation," they chorused in reply. Nonsense." said he she is neither pretty nor smart. She will not bring wood or water. What are you making a fuss about?" I would not have taken fifty ponies for her," said the father.

1 would not give a pair of blankets for her," said the groom. I certainly would not take less than forty-five ponies for her." I would not give two ponies for such a wife I and so on til! ten ponies, a dozen pairs ot blankets, some pounds of vermilion red and other property were agreed upon as the purchase price. The poor girl stood behind her new lord, with downcast looks, while the bargaining was going on. When that was concluded, the groom proudly took her by the hand and led her up to the group! Then from every tepee it. the village people rushed tip and cried out: "How.how, how, cousin How.

how, how, nephew and so on, claiming every possible relationship under the sun. The poor girl was neglected, except by her father and Little Thunder. The former stroked her head affectionately, and talked her in a low, tender voice. The latter was up on a stretcher, and took her by the band and called her daughter." The eagerness of verybody to claim relation is explained by the fact that the groom bad to invite all the relatives of families to a three-days' feast. It cost him a small Sioux fortune to get his Redbird," but he seemed proud and happy with her.

When we rode away, an" hour later, the wedding dance had alteady commenced, to the measured cadence of a song, sung by Mahreta and a number of her young friends, and the whole village was making merry and rejoicing over the marriage of their two favorites. I saw Mahreta two years after, with two children, of whom sh was as fond as any mother could be. She proudly broutrbt them to to. and asked me hat I thought of her two little dbirds. We wonder at such wooings and weddings, but they are similar to those prevalent among many people ail over the earth.

There was a stage in the history of every race when there was no courtship; when the fairest be! to the strongest and bravest, with or without her cons If a man wanted a wife, he fought for her, and captured her if he was strong enough and brave enough. He knew no other way of winning her. As the race advanced, this remained only as a ttymbol. in Central India this affected force is still used in marriage ceremonies, and it is still to be seen in the Malay Among the Kalmucks the girl is put on a richly caparisoned horse, and she rides off, and the lover follows on another horse, and if she allows him to overtake and capture her, she becomes his wife. If she dislikes him.

she can easily elude him. Among tie Mongols the girl hides i some relatives of fne family, and when the lover and his friends find her, there is a noisy battle for her, which ends by her being carried away, seemingly by force. Marriage by this pretended capture prevails among the natives of Siberia. "In France down to the seventeenth century it was customary for the bride to feign reiuctance to enter the bridegroom's bouse." Among tlie Welsh tiii the early part of this century there was a sham fight tor the i bride. Sir John Lubbock and authorities on this subject, think that the throwing the slipper after the bride and groom -is a symbol of the former use of more dangerous weapons.

Our ancestors may have done as Mapaluta did, waylaid their sweethearts as they returned from the fountain or stream, gently detaining them by force, telling the story of their love it. spite of coyness and 1 indifference, carrying them off without ceremony, paying a round sum tor them, and considered them cheap at that If they did, and if they were as happy as Mapaluta and seemed to bf, theirs were not bad wooings and weddings. Sad changes for these wild but brave people have the long years that have intervened. Their bunting grounds have passed from them forever. Their great villages of tepees have vanished, their bands of horses have gone the red glare of theii signal fires no longer sends the braves to battle: the echoes of their war cries aro no longer beard, and the lings by the bubbling springs are few atid far between.

All that concerns them will soon remain only in story. Spotted Tail and Little Thunder have long since joined the great warriors and mighty hunters of their nation in the happy hunting grounds." Mapaluta and Mahreta sit in their aim solitary tepee, with no hope for the little lledbifds that play around them. HEALTH HINTS. A coffee-cup full of browned, coarse corn-meal, boiled in sufficient water to make it as strong as coffee, Drink as warm aa possible. A flannel cloth wet with coal oil, and applied at night to the throat and over the lungs, will invariably break up the worst cold and cough, it taken in time, and a few days will complete I be cure.

Large numbers of dried and smoked lizards are imported by the Chine They-are used in cases of consumption and anaemia witb considerable success. Their virtue seems to lie in the laree amount of nitrogenous compounds and phosphate they contain. One of the remedies for rough or chafed hands is the following: One ounce of glycerine, one ounce of rose water, six drops of carbolic acid. In cold weather, I whenever it is necessary to wash the hands, apply a few drops while they are moist, and rub well into the skin. It may also be used for the face.

When an artery is cut the red blood spurts out at each pulsation. Press the thumb firmly over the artery, near the wound, and on the side towards the heart Press hard enough to stop the bleeding, and wait till a ohysician comes, The wounded person Is "often able to do this himself, if he has the requistic knowledge. Always eat your 'food slowly, masticate well sit down to your meals in good humor, as you go to bed, smiling and peaceful. Keep good-natured and never indulge in anger. This is the way to ensure good digestion, sound sleep and long life A violent passion racks the constitution as severely as a typhus fever.

Century. Dr. Fitzpatricksayahe never saw a single instance in which "the stye continued to develop after the following treatment had been used The lids should be held apart by the thumb and index finger, while the ttuct of iodine is painted over the inflamed The lids should not he allowed to come in contact until the part touched is dry. A lew such applications in the I twenty-four hours are sufficient. If Your Lungs are Destroyed Do lot expect that Dr.

Pierces "Golden Medical Discovery will make new ones for you. It can do much, but not impossibilities. If, however, you have not yet reached the last stages of consumption, there is hope for you. But do not delay, lest you cross the fatal line where help ismi possible. The Discovery has arrested the aggravating cough of thousands of consumptives, cured their nightsweut and hectic fevers, and restored them to health and happiness.

Sawum i Logs fkom Antietam Smith has the contract for sawing into lumber a large number of logs cut from trees standing on the fields of Antictam at the time of the battle, lie says that all sorts of missiles, from cannon balls to buckshot, are almost daily met with in the timber, and that it is really dangerous to stand near the saws in this mill when such lumber is being cut, a number of saws having been snapped into fragments, when running at a high rate of speed, by striking iron shot imbedded in the logs. A large, angular fragment of shell was struck by a saw a few days ago, and a perfect shower of sparks rained about the mill, the saw being finally snapped in several pieces. In another instance a grapeshot was cut through by a saw, leaving a bright, polished surface on each hemisphere of the missile. Many leaden bullets, which offer little or no resistance to the saws, are revealed in boards and Dispatch. SAN FRANCISCO LETTER.

THEATRICALS SUMMEBIB-Q ON THE COAST. The Penalty for Sinking of Argyle "-Premature Stage Bottle Etc. San Francisco, June 1885. There seems to have been a hegira of New York actors to this coast for a cool summer. There are 130 of them now, and more en route.

Most of them have means enough to live a while, but arc not averse to making board money, and engage with interior snaps at two-thirds regular rates. By so doing they get expenses pud while seeing the country, and cut Francisco professionals, who haunt the theaters in an army of unemployed, Standing recently at his office door, with that good old man John McCabe. theatrical agent and everybody's friend, ho pointed across Kearny street, to a lanky man, and said "See that sight? That's Bontalius Blank, a Xew York actor, v. ho was 'left' here by the Star Spangled Specialties as 'no He went off somewhere with a country show, but one day came into my offl looking you know. Says 1.

What's the He replied: 'I've walked nearly all the way from Sacramento and had nothing to cat for fortyeight Says Well, well, man, that won't do; come along o' I took him to the restaurant where eat, and says 1, 'GIVE THIS ALL UK I put him to a table and came away. About a week after that, the restaurant man says: McCabe. you don't eat hearty, like your friend. Now this morning he had a whole fried fowl, with mushroom sauce. For lunch he'd green turtle soup, turkey smothered in jelly and claret.

1 Says Why, Bontalius must have made a raise. Strange he hasn't been around. Pays you pretty well; don't he 7' Says he: The li no. He said you'd pay for it. You told me to give him ail he I'm blamed if I wasn't euchered.

That flowery tart had run up a bill on me of $27 60 for one week's board, when 1 only meant to give him a square meal." A -CELEBRATED CABS. After Miss Hill received a judicial decision entitling her to be called Mrs. Sharon, an old book of poems came to hand one day in which was a stanza headed "To Althea, from Prison." Affairs indicate that the verse might come handy when Mr. Sharon should be behind the bars, but know all men ny these presents, that William's circumstances have altered his cases. Sarah then had on her side preponderance of evidence, Judge's decision and public sympathy particularly after she was incarcerated for refusing to surrender her contract for expert tests.

Her matrimonial horoscope has cast a new scene. Her attorneys are at outs with her and each other, only slaying in the case by reason of great expectations" in contingent fees. All but one of her witnesses have confessed to. and are on trial for perjury. The ink expert says he can prove by tests that the contract was written at another time than stated in her evidence.

sent the papers out of the State to keep them beyond jurisdiction. Public opinion begins to suspect that she fears adverse proof more than mutilation by producing the papers. If Sarah is right, may 'o; soon be established. Mind you, Mr. iSOsron is not defending himself.

He i.i a tough little customer, with a bushel of hatred for every dollar. He is worth ten millions, and will expend it ail to crush the woman whose most improbable statement Is that he sang Mary of Argyle" to her. A MORGIJH BIGHT. Vienna has the most self-destroyers of any city in the world, and San Francisco comes next. Suicides are too common to attract but girls should take warning by Rosa Entorffs recent departure.

She ought now just be beginning to think of marriage, instead of which she was married at 15, divorced at 17, and killed If, because she was tired of living," at 22 years of age. Her time before marriage was passed in school. She knew nothing of housework or any trade by which to make an honest living, and was forced into the world, avictim to the evil passions of men. Sec how illogical. She dreaded to take up housework because she knew nothing of it, and dreaded drudgery, though if time proved her unfitness, she could easily retreat without harm to herself.

Equally ignorant of marriage, she pushed into it and Boon discovered its disappointments, but was without means oi satisfactory escape. If people went into marriage with as much thought as into business there would be fewer divorces. Not one girl in a hundred who i- in love at 17 or 11) would chose the same man if free at 25. Certainly the children of a woman who has attained physical development and mental equipose must surpass those of a giggling girl. Marriageable age, raised from 18 to 21, would do much to improve tin- human race and do away with large numbers of people who would be better oil' unborn.

There might be as many as now who would evade the law, but press, pulpit and people ought to cultivate a sentiment against marriage of girls under 21 and men under 27 years. It is easier to say of Host: Entorff, Oh, she could have found something to do," than it is to tell what tiny of us would have done under exactly the same circumstance-. Let us not sit in judgment, but try to save other giddy girls from the course which led to her fall. She hated not only her method of life, but life itself. Let us have pity on her anguish.

If sorrow wrote wrinkles ou women's faces like those in their our own mothers would not know us. A KOK THE TODDLERS. Teachers complain of fast-increasing near-sightedness among school children. Mothers go out of a sunny day, when heat glares hot noon a sidewalk, and take the toddlers. Their own eyes are protected by a shade-hat and The toddler's head carries a rimless cap or turban, or ridiculous night cap, that afford no protection at all to the poor little eyes, that need it more than stronger, older ones.

Mothers, walk a few blocks with your eyes on the glaring walks, as toddlers' naturally are, being lower than yours, and you will see by the pain produced how cruel you are to the baby. Bo you think eyes can be constantly exposed to light and not grow weak A sure way to bring wrinkles on a woman's face is to wear small bonnets or turbans on bright days. Watch yourselves, ladies, and you will find your faces twisted info deep "lines and double bow knots, highly detrimental to pleasing appearance. A CRAZE TOR THE STAGE. An amateur craze has struck the town.

Children don't play with toys any more, but rehearse theatrical pieces faked from recollections of their attendance at plays. Sometimes they have printed parts. Half the young women are studying plays and operas with retired professionals, most of whom failed because they knew nothing of the trade they essay to teach. Lately I called at a residence where the mother said: You'll have to excuse Edith awhile: she's taking her elocution lesson. Mrs.

Snide, her teacher, says Edith has such a lovely figure, and great talent; she's sure to make a sent East for 'lithographs for her debut, as soon as she learns to act a little more." Madam went off about household affairs, "some one in the back parlor began saying O-o-o-oA, m-e-K-E-E! jj The sound was repeated several times mechanically, when another voice interrupted, and I realized that it was Edith rehearsing. When she came in, I asked about her lesson. She said she was studying and her teacher was teaching Tier to sigh correctly! 'yy if" A NOB HILL BOTTLE PARTT. On Nob Hill lately there was an amateur performance in one of the finest mansions overlooking the Bay, at which general admission price was one bottle, seat two bottles. To see a society belle, clad in a decollete white satin gown, step from her carriage with a beer bottle under each' arm was quite a show of itself.

There was no i stipulation that bottles should be empty. Many of them were when they came I i in, Home were of most outlandish 'sires i and shapes, some were ugly as possible, some had dainty covers of ornamented silk. Toilet bottles, ink bottles, pickle bottles, all kinds were there. Whoever came unprepared had to negotiate through the doorkeeper with some friend inside, who was privileged to what he pleased for allowing his bottle t.i be reused fur entrance fee. Everybody had to deposit his ticket on a table it: sight of the company.

After the performance the bottles were sold sin-He, in pairs, masse. Next day til! left over were Id again to the rags, and bottles man, and the money donated to the Boys' and Girls' Aid Society: so it did some good and was lots of fun. Hie children are not at all They charge five cents admission and divide the proceeds. Caboi Ceouse. Pli I WH 25 YEARS IN USE.

Tie Greatest Hodical Irinaph ef tis Ago! SYMPTOMS OF A TORPID LIVER- oi nppetlte, Bowels costive, Pain in the head, with n. mill scnsntlon lu llio bncU part. Pain under the ahonlder- i blade, Fullness nfter with sdis- inclination exertion of body or mind, Irritability of temper, Low spirits, a vins ncfflectod some duty, Weariness, Dizziness, Fluttering at tho Dots before the eyes. Headache over the right eye, with li tiii I dreams, Iliuhly colored I'rinc, and CONSTIPATBON. TUTT'S PILLS especially adapted to such rases, one dose effects such a chango of feeling as to astonish the sufferer.

Thev Increase the Appetite, and causo tho body to Take on the system r.onrtslied.n--! by ih.ii- Tonic Action on the rcotliKi I. Pi-joe 44 Marray TUITS HAIR OYE. tc? ii irV. 2 i Li' Si Bun I Grat Hair or Whiskers changed to a Gr.OPSV Black by a single application of this Dte. It imparts a natural color, acts instantaneously.

Bold by or uent by -press on receipt Of $1, Murray New CLOVER. NEF.naAM'B REn Clo- i vec IJi.orsoms. and ex- tracts prepared from the blossoms, cure Cancer, Rheum and all dis- eases from an tm- pure state cf blood; RLV K- -fi ttl-'O clour the com- plesion of all pimples end eructions; is a sure cure, for Constipation, Plies many other diseases. Both laxative and tonic. Ne'edham's Ked Clover cures alter everything else fails.

For further particulars. testimonials of cine. address A. C. TUFTS, Druggist, Comer Tenth and streets, Sacramento, jeS-3ptf GENERAL AGENT.

PERRY SEMINARY, No. 1C23 Telegraph Oakland, Cal. I Formerly Sacramento Seminary). THE NEXT TERM EGINS AUGUST 5, 1885. MRS.

HERMON PERRY, I prin KATE M. FULLER, rr 1( -je2o-3p2m 3Et MOV A- A J. C. DEVINE HAS REMOVED HIS GRANITE AND MAR- ble Works to more extensive quarters at 1510 Tenth street, between and Mantles and Grates always on hand and made to order at the lowest cash prices. Thanking my old friends and patrons tor their kind favors I hope to receive a continuance of the same', and I warrant to give satisfaction in ill branches of my trade.

Country orders most res-pert fully solicited. J.C. DEVINE. Mrs. A.

HALL, who left her daugh- ter in Rio Vista, June Tth, is re- quested to call for her at once; I otherwise the girl will be sent to the Orphan Asylum. STATE AM COUNTY TAXES i On Personal Property not secured by- real estate, are now due and payable at the office of tbe County Assessor, i corner I and Seventb streets, Sacra- mento. Collection will be enforced from and after MONDAY, JU2-7S 22d, in accordance witb Sections 3820 and 3821 of Political Code. EST POLL TAXIS Tbree Dollars I on and after MONDAY, JULY 6th. J.

T. GRIFPITTS, Assessor. je'22-I2t CANDY FACTORY. MILS. E.

M. tVIEDMANN, NOS. STREET and 419 street (Metropolitan Theater Bui ling), Manufacturer and Wholesale and Retail Dealer in all kinds of Candies and Nuts. "LONE fisherman." THE FINEST FIVE-CENT CIGAR IN THE Market. Also, a fine line of Imported and Key West on hand, at 225 street.

I jeG-islm M. PETTIT. Proprietor. BIDS I RECEIVED AT THE OFFICEOF VV the City Superintendent of Public Schools, up toT p. H.

JUNE 29, 1885, lor the erection ofa School ding on the block between I' and Ninth and Tenth streets. Plans and specifica- tions can be seen at the office of Jas. Seadler, Architect, on or after the 22d lust. The Board reserves the right to reject any or all FRANK KEY, 1 E. K.

ALSIP, l- Building Com. C.H. STEVENS, jetiO-td C. SCHAEFER, CJ I 3 E3 FL, No. SO I'ront street, Sacramento.

BEER KEG3, BUTTER FIRKINS, Wine Puncheons, Brandy Barrels, on hand. Orders from the interior solicited and attended to. jc23-4ptf is 11l 1 1. 1 111 IIIW I ...11 II ETC. DELTA SALOON AND BILLIARD ROOMS, Southeast Corner Sixth and I streets, CHOICE WINES, LIQUORS, AND THE BEST of Beer on hand.

The proprietor, FRED. I FKICKE (formerly of tho PALISADE), invites his old friends and the public to call. FIFTH AVENUE SALOON, 1015 FIFTH STKEKT, BET. AND K. THE SHARPEST, COOLEST AND MOST Delicious Beer always on draught at 5 cents a glass.

Beet of Wines, Liquors and Cigars in stock. EDWARD DIETEKLE, IToprietoi. H. D. F.

GAMBLE. J. M. HOOAN. "THE OFFICE," 1008 Fourth street Sacramento 1 (Next California State Bank.) THOROUGHLY RENOVATED, PAINTED, New Decorations, Carpets, etc.

The finest appointed Saloon in the city. Cool, Fancy Sum- mer Drinks a specialty. Everything strictly first class. GAMBLE HOGAN, Proprietors. jel-tf FASHION SALOON, COT street, between Fifth and Sixth, SALOON HAS BEEN REMODELED 1 JL and fitted up in first-class style.

Choice Wines, Liquors and Cigars. Cool Beer, 5 cents, Also, Pool and Billiard Room. My friends and i the public are invited to give me a call. m29-lm FRANK J. JOHNSTON, Proprietor.

BANK EXCHANGE, Corner of Second and streets. 2 ANGUS ROSS. PROPRIETOR. ALL KINDB of Choice Wines, Liquors and Cigars con- stantly in stock. VAN," the chief of mixolo- gists, superintends.

m2B-Splm 1 AUCTIONS. GUARDIAK'S SALE OF REAL ESTATE. mHE UNDERSIGNED WILL SELL AT PUB- lie auction, on TUESDAY, the 30th day of JUNE, 18S6, 10 o'clock a. on the premfeea, the following deed valuable building lots, viz: Lots 8, 4," and in tho block bounded by and 8, and Tenth and Eleventh streets, in separate lots. Theso lots arc situated In a healthy locality between two public thor- oughfsres, Tbe City Cemetery and River- side roads.

They arc accessible to thc business portion of the city, and Uie sale will afford an unusual opportunity to buv valuable building lots at very low prices. Also, the Blocks bounded as follows between IT and and Thirteenth and Fourteenth and ami and Fourteenth aaa Fifteenth streets. Title perfect JAMES Guardian of Minors. I I MMONS, Aui tioneer. Armsteoxq A Hinkson, Attoriieys ior -dian.

ADMINISTRATOR'S SALE PERSONAL PROPERTY AUCTION MONDAY, JULY 6, 1885, 10 o'ciwk A. On tee Yernon Ranch, Gutter county, Cal. (Near the Month of thc Feather river), co.Mraisi.vi;, in paiit, 267 Dead Dairy Cows and Cattle. 116 Head Calves, from four weeks to ouo year old. Head Ilorses, Marcf'iuid Colts and Mules.

1-- 123 Oord 2 Farm 1 Spring Wagon Double Hai 2 Mai Plows, Harrows, Scrapers, nnd numerous other Farming Implements. Jack Cheese Vats, tinier Loses, House- hold Furniture, etc. ,1. WILCOXSON, Administrator Of the Estate ul WILCOXSON, de- ceased. CASH.

SHERBURK SMITH, AUCTIONEERS, ASSIGNEE'S SALE AT AUCTION, THURSDAY, .11 I.V ASAW-MILLATSHLNGLETOWN; LOGGING Wagotis, etc; capacity; (feet per dav: water power; acres Timber I and. Oue Sath and Doer Factorv; also, waterpower, at Klotz'S Mill. One Stock Kanse of KM acres, with plenty ol outside rango; stocked with head of Cattle 50 Hogs; also, lias uti abundance Of terfoi irrisatiou. Address IH'STEIi, Assignee of R. KLOTZ, Shingletown, Shasta county, Cai.

mmmmtmt nmi mmwttmmM -sm iiwiii Damaged Goods We place on our counters, MONDAY, JUNE 29th, A FULL LINE OF WATER DAMAGED GOODS! CONSISTING i- Chromos, IMr-tiirt- Frames, Mirrors, Artists' Materials, Brashes, Curtains, Paper, Ete. Which must be disposed of to make room for a NEW STOCK. WHITTIER, "FULLER Id'-JO 1082 Second ruin jelS-tf Huntington -f-, fit; J.Vv.-tV tt 1 k'! i DEALERS IN HARDWARES Lawn Mowers and Sprinklers, FOUNTAIN PUMPS, Sporting Goods, Ebbing TacLie, etc. S3ii.O"IFL^-*I\S: 53U mIS-tf GRAIN, ID, HOP G-rape" ILi-EiZLcSL FOR SALE, IN TRACTS TO SUIT. ACB.ES I IN THE VICINITY OF CALT, LODI AND HICKSVILLE.

WE ASK ABOUT TO OFFER THAI splendid lot of Land now owned by MKS. CAROLINE McCAULKY, in Tracts of from 40 to Acres. Thin land is now being graded, and prices will toon be furnished. title to these lands is perfect. 1 his is one of the best opportunities ever of- fered as the land i.s in the richest section of the Plate, and most oouvenient to market.

"-ET7-. F. COXiSP'-XAN', REAL ESTATE SALESROOM, No. 355 street, Sacramento, Cal. BUILDING LOTS FOR SALE! Si, 10x160, south side street, between Fourteenth and Fifteenth.

£oxl6o, northwest comer Eleventh and streets SOxIGO, south side street, between Eighteenth and Nineteenth. north side 0 street, between Eighteenth and Nineteenth. isfiilO-i, south sido street, between Twentieth and Twenty-first. Cheap. south side street, between Nineteenth and Twentieth.

Reduced from 81,260. SOxIGO, south side street, -between Nineteenth and Twentieth. with two small houses, south- east comer Nineteenth and streets. south side street, between Fifteenth and Sixteenth. 40xW, northwest comer Ninth and streets.

northeast corner and streets. northeast corner Twentieth and streets. 820x160 (half block), north side street, between Twenty-first and Twen- ty-second. also A full block between and Thir- tieth and Thirty-first streets, or will sell in lots of 80x160. We also have Business and Dwelling Property for sale that will return big interest oa the money invested.

A. LEONARD SON, 101t Fourth Street. jelS-3plm JAMES McCAW, LATE OF McCAW A O'NEAL, DESIRES TO i inform his friends and tho public that he has opened a Wood Yard at 516 and 518 street, between Fifth and Sixth. A full stock of Wood, Coal, Coke and Charcoal on hand, and will be sold cheap. A continuance of the pa- tronage bestowed in the past is solicited at thc new place.

JAS. McCAW, Proprietor. Jos-lm4p RICHARDSON No. 111l Front street Sacramento, (Next to Capital Packing Company), MANUFACTURERS AND I DEALERS IN Packing Boxes and boxes of every desenp- tion. Orders solicited and promptly filled.

Car- load lots at reduced i ates. jelS-Un-i'P.