The Gazette from Montreal, Quebec, Canada • 18

VOL. CLVII. No. 132 18 ONE AND ONE-HALF CENTURIES QF PUBLIC SERVICE THE GAZETTE, MONTREAL, SATURDAY, JUNE 2, 1028. JOINT PROPRIETORS OF THE GAZETTE UNDER THE FIRM NAME OF T.

R. WHITE, 1870-1878, AND FOUNDERS OF THE PRESENT GAZETTE PRINTING COMPANY, LIMITED FLEURY MESPLET, WHO FOUNDED THE GAZETTE, FOUGHT STOUTLY FOR FREEDOM OF THE PRESS his mother's maiden name was Mario Antoinette Capeau. This much we learn from the registers of Notre Dame de Montreal. But there is little else in the way of particulars of his early life which can be accepted as case, Mesplet was soon on his way to other countries, to fields perhaps as Well harvested as his own but doubtless much greener 'at a distance. Mesplet went first to London, where he set up his press at No.

24, In Crown Court, Little Russell Street, at Covent Garden. He set about finding "jobs" of French printing, which authentic fact. Conjecture supplies! In several volumes, but It la probable that not even the first volume saw the light "of day. At this time Benjamin Franklin was residing In London as agent-general for the United Colonies of America, lie was wealthy, widely-known, and highly respected, lie was populur, in London, and the, wit and 'beauty of the town gathered, about hlm But In the midst of social and political, activities, Ben Franklin had not forgotten that his true calling was printing, nncl. the printing houses and bookstalls which clustered about Covent Garden often his portly frame and heard his merry laugh.

Franklin's life story Is one of the most romantic and fascinating of biographic studies. Spnco limitations preclude any reference to the details of his stormy apprenticeship In Boston, his early career as a newspaper editor, his' first printing work in Philadelphia, his subsequent experience In London printing houses, his printing publishing ventures after his return to Philadelphia, his self-directed studies' and wide reading; his founding of literary clubs, of a. public library, of an university; his scientific experiments Siis philanthropy, his fhare In public affairs, his organization of the pot office system of North America, and his lon stay In England as the advisor and representative of the American Colonies. But through all the varied activities of a Jong and busy life, Ben i folk jf A -4 M'K 'A 1 must have been rare In the London of those days. In 1773 there appeared with Mes-plet's Imprint a work curiously entitl-.

ed In French, "Bloodstained Louisiana, with all the particulars of this horrible catastrophe drawn up on the oath of persons of good faith, by the Colonel Chevalier de Champlgny." The imprint read "Aux depens de l'edlteur." While this informs us definitely that the book was not printed for tho account of any London bookseller-stationer the bookBeller-statlonors being the book publishers of the proves little fclse. The author may have paid for the printing or the printer may have taken a chance on It himself. Perhaps Mesplet possessed a small stationery shop where French books and other goods were for sale. This would justify the stuff which stands martyrdom for the printer's sacred cause of "freedom of the press." Ills first taste of prison quarter was enough for him and on his release Pochard announced his intention of returning to France, demanding from Mesplet the reimbursement of his expenses and passngH money, Mesplet was now without an editor and his project for a newspaper had to be reluctantly shelved until an editor came along. Mesplet had brought along with him from Philadelphia his edition of the "Itpgiement" book for the Con-tlemen of Saint-Sulpice, but on running the rapids at Chambly the host containing these books was almost swamped and most of the edition was ruined.

His first care now wan to print a new edition, which is th one usually seen in collections of Canadiana. It Is a very small thin, book, 4V4 inches high by 34 inches wide. There are forty pages. The book is stitched with thread and covered with flowered paper very similar to that used for wallpaper. It was the first book printed Montreal.

Two other books were printed by Mesplot for the Seminary during his first season In Montreal. One of these was a play presented by the students of Montreal College. The other was a largo psalm-book of 610 pages, probably a venture on his own account, but underwritten to some extent by the religious authorities. In the following year, 1777, Mesplet published three more religious books. One of these was the first Latin book printed in Canada.

The same year he printed the first book in tho Iroquois language in Canada, and also began the Ihsuo of his almanack. Each year after this brought its quota of books from the press of Fleury Mesplet and Charles Berger. Later the imprint bore only the name of Fleury Mesplet. Finally came the year 1793 with only one book, the last in the life of Montreal's first printer. By 1778 Mesplet had become sufficiently established to merit recognition, and when he announced publication of his paper for June 3 of that year, he was assured of considerable support.

The first editor was to be alentin Jautard, an advocate who had come from France shortly be'fore the Cession. During the stay of the Continental army in Montreal he had shown sympathy for the cause of the American Colonies, and had received from General Wooster a commission as notary. As lawyer and notary Jautard had achieved very little success, and he was not a popular figure at the Bar of Montreal. He was to prove a great handicap to Mesplet. The first issue of "La Gazette du Commerce at Litteraire" would surprise readers of today's It was a small quarto in size, that is, barely the size of a small school geography page.

There were four pages, the first one headed by a rather grotesque woodcut design of shield and beaver. It was scheduled n'ranklin always termed himself a many massing details, but the conjectures of various antiquarians Interested 'In Mesplet do not always agree. It is probable that Mesplet was eanly apprenticed to the printing trade, and that his fair education was earned in the school of hard experience. Printing had then an advantage over other trades In that the daily work of the trade was Jn itself a good education. Who could set type all' day long and not learn spelling and grammar? Who could read proof and remain totally ignorant of a'U the learning that men write about? Mesplet must have served the full term of his apprenticeship, five years, possibly seven.

At the end of that period, he would have become a full-fledged journeyman. He could then travel around from shop to shop, or from town to itown, working for whichever master pleased him, serving for 'whatever period suited him, and earning whatever wages had been bargained for. At thirty years of ase Fleury Mesplet married. His wife, some twelve years younger than he, was Marie Mlrabeau. She seems to have been more educated and better bred than her husband, and possibly belonged to some merchant family with many daughters to marry off.

Throughout his chequered career she was deeply devoted to him. We do not know whether Mesplet married Marie Mlrabeau in Lyons or in some other French town visited In his ourneylngs. But she brought him a dowry, and with her dowry he was enabled to buy type and press, and to set himself up as a printer, either on own account or In cooperation with some fellow press- (By LOUIS C. DE V. CARRIER.) (Copyright, 1928).

Mowspapera of today may reflect the times, may be mirrors of the age they live In; but the newspapers of one hundred and. fifty years ago were quite different In this respect as' in others, for very few sheets of the eighteenth century could be considered mirrors of their iay. If slogans had been then as popular as they are today, many front page headings might suitably have carried the motto: "Some of the news and all safe to print. A casual glance at the early files of Tho Montreal Gazette would give one the impression that this first Montreal paper could qualify for admission to the quite-large group of safe papers, published with conscience undisturbed and read with composure unruffled. And yet its very first year of issue was brusquely interrupted by executive authority, and its owner and.

his editor served long jail terms for the sacred cause of "freedom of the press." Little of the story can be gleaned from The Gazette's files. First of all, it Is difficult to find files of. early Gazette. There are some, of course, at Saint-Sulplce, where the collection of Canadiana Is exceptionally large, and ethers at McGill Library; the Parliamentary Library in Ottawa and tho Trovincial Archives in Quebec also possess files; while 'the collection of tho Quebec Seminary is said to be the best preserved. But none of the files I have seen is absolutely complete; most of them lack tho few issues which would throw some meagre light on the early life of The Gazette or lift the curtain ever so lightly on the dramatic play in which was cast Fleury Mesplet, the founder and first owner of "La -Gazette du Commerce et Llt-teraire du District cle Montreul," the original progenitor of The Gazette of today.

Fleury. Mesplet was born about 1735 in the parish of Saint-Nizler, in Lyons, a city of France long noted for Its numerous printing houses and tho quality of books which issued from their presses. His father was named Jean Baptists Mesplet, while THE LATE IIOX. THOMAS WHITE, M.P., P.C. Kditor-in-Chlef of The Gazette from 1870 to 1884; Minister of the Interior in the Macdonald Cabinet, 1884 to 1888.

THE LATE RICILini) WHITE, U.C.L. Business Manager of The Gazette, 1870-1878; President of The Gazette Printing Company, Limited, 1878 to 1910. vnmure on tne Lou.slana book. There was a fairly large colony of Huguenot refugees iii London, and a good proportion of the better educated among the English gentry spoke and read French. While these two groups could not have furnished enough printing "Jobs" to keep a French printer going, they may have produced enough French reader for Mes-plet's publishing ventures, of which four are known to us.

In addition to 'the Louisiana book of 1773 there were two issued with London imprints in 1774. The first of these bore the French title of "The wars of the Russians with the Turks, dedicated to His Excellency General Conway, by Baron de Damseaux, volunteer in the Russian Armies of Wallachia." This book Is mentioned in the Gentleman's Magazine of printer, and none of the honors which came to him later In life meant half as much to him as his eminence In his own profession. Throughout his life Ben Franklin kept In mind the hard experience of his youth and the many disappointments over which he had triumphed. This Induced a deep and sincere interest in other printers," particularly younger men 'who gave prcof of Intelligence and application and showed signs of aptitude In the art of pricing. This Interest did net stop at mere encouragement.

His purse and his credit were always open to those who deserved It, and more than a score of printer found themselves established or saved from disaster by Franklin's ready help. Franklin was also a believer In a measure of cosmopolitanism. A recent biographer terms him "the first civilized American" and explains the epithet by pointing out that "at an owner. Quebec, eeerh to bear out this argument. After giving Meeplet new of his wife, chiding him for leaving her so long without news, sympathizing with him for his troubie and illness (n hia journey, and discussing busi-neiw details, Bcrger says: "I have just received a letter from my correspondent of St.

Domingue which tella me only good news and that all my shipments have reached the Molo of St. Nicholas in very good and he prays me to let him kiow the answer of Meissieurs du Canada with regard to the letter of Congress which you printed touching the affaire Of New England; as know you are in A position to see everything that i best in Canada and that you will see what they will say to you on thla subject. You have the intelligence, air, sufficiently birp to be able to conceive of what theywant to say or what they think. I would be' obliged to you, sir, to give me a copy on a loose leaf without Hicrnlii" it: only the date and the very August, 1774, as newly-Issued. The other book is bilingual, with French and English titles reading "A select collection of historical tracts and anecdotes in French and English for the use of schools." A copy of this book is at the Jacques Cartier Normal School In Montreal.

In these books Mesplet announced the Issue of a French "History of England" by the Chevalier de Champlgny, for which the author was soliciting subscriptions. It was to be Business are hard to upset in printing, even today, and it Is probable that Mesplet found that competition with old-established firms meant a stiff and unprofitable struggle for him. Business generally In France was none too good at this period, the heavy burdens of taxation forcing trade into a stagnation which was one of the factors of the Impending French Revolution. In any American period eminent for narrowness, superstition and bleak beliefs, he was mirthful, generous, open-minded, learned, tolerant and humor-loving. He was tho first American man of the world in the Senso that he was the first American world-man." As a man of the world Franklin was more thnn tolerant of non-Americans.

He was actually interested In them and prepared to help them If they came to America. Ger-man-Amerloani owe to him their own1 press in the United Htates. Carnida stalled and ready for work, Franklin had left Montreal well convinced that there was little to be sained by his diplomacy in Canada. The other two commissioners followed him shortly after, and within a month of Mesplet's arrival the Continental army was preparing to evacuate Montreal. Mesplet's grant from Congress was barely sufficient to cover the first leg of his Journey to Montreal.

He was practically out of funds, with his entire capital locked up in printing equipment and supplies. He had now to decide whether he would follow tha American army back again across the border, abandoning his press to irretrievable loss, or remain in Montreal to face the returning loyalist army. It was tho great turning point in his life. Fleury Mesplet chose to remain In (Vnada- It was natural that this party, Jeft stranded on the Canadian shore by the wave of Continentals which had swept over Canada, should be the object of suspicion on the part of the government of Sir Guy Carletoh. The entire party was ar-resttd and lodged in gaol for twenty-r-ix days, after which they were released.

The principal purpose of Mesplet and his partner Berger, as well as that Congreea, had been to start a newspaper. Not only was this the best mctlns of revenue for a printer In those days, but it was also the most expeditious and satisfactory method of building up an Influential position in the community. For this purpose Mesplet had brought Pochard, whom he described as his "homme de lettres." He was to edit the paper, read proof, and do whatever else was required in the way of literary or quasi-literary work. But Pochard was not built of. the was named 4o inquire into hi ability and general fitness for the work.

Later' small sum of money was voted to defray a portion of the expenses of his trip to Canada. Late in March Mesplet set out from Philadelphia with his type and iiress, hla paper, equipment, and household belongings, the whole loaded on four carts, probably wagons resembling, the later "prairie schooner." With Mesplet were hia wife, his editor, named Alexandre Pochard, two journeymen, John Gray and Jean C. and a man servant. This party pushed on ahead of the wagons, reaching Lake- George twenty days after leaving Philadelphia. Here they waited eight days for the baggage to overtake them.

At Lake George Mesplet saw his gooda loaded onto five large flat boats, called bateaux. The party embarked and thai journey to the St. lAwrence began. Four days brought them to Chambly, where the boatmen advised JlMp'et to take advantage of the spring high water to run the rapids, thereby saving an expensive road haul to Montreal. But by mischance or mishandling some, of his boats shipped water, with.

tHe result that most of his paper was ruined, as wen as some of his personal belongings. The entire party reached Montreal on May 6, that is, almost fifty days after leaving Philadelphia. Mesplet lodged his party at a tavern in the Place and then set out to locate premises for his press. In his subsequent memorials to Congress he Indicates that be took a house in Capital Street, now barely a lane running from St. Sulplce Street to St.

Francois-Xavler Street. His home was "near the market," therefore at the western end of Capital Street. But before Mesplet's press was in WHEN THE GAZETTE WAS BILINGUAL soonest that it is possible." Tnr hifl that thia sneet The Montreal Gazette. Gazette de Mon treal, MONBAY, JANUARY 1, 1816. tUNDi, 1 JAN VI I-R, 1816.

(No. IWJ cofforrroxs or cejts Gazette. MG. Subscriber appointed mm hrfau Mmtui 4a fm bfr, ttillun Mbm. coiiDtrmtii.

ofius gazette Ann.m. ke WK sUMM.rtclr. prii dr MUMriftiM Mt aV UTM MAT1WJ to appear every Thursday, and th subscription was to be $2.60 a year. Advertisements could be inserted bf interested parties, but few appeared. The paper was entirely in French.

The contents of the first few numbers Were far from sensational, yet before a month had elapsed Mesplet and Jautard were ordered by the Governor to prepare to leave the Province within three months. However, this order muat have been rescinded or suspended, as the paper continued to appear until the middle of August, when a single page was issued explaining "to the reader" that fresh difficulties had cropped up and that, unless the printer's (Continued on Page 20). ffl bMri 1 ai lt.t((iio kiairtr ndrtilc, i ar-" int MttfairirnKMt tta mv, my tnitXti a fMtWMOtJ Ml Mti it fl1 ItMf iimMiMUi. ANDREW HHHt. Ili'lM rriutiuall permit wttniu rd, Xumy h.

letted pfVtcM Ikcir irraanO far liwdoMnt iiHhu4iiht -ai ItcMa I fl thtit dto. vithntr Atf, AKtiABW WHl ffc, MuKmi.fM If.tiff. St.UwNoccttufcarfc MwtrtftJ if Jtntin, lttf. auabcacg Si. Lioftnt, P1X DU AVBILTIMkMUn.

SI Urm4 Amm Un iattfm 14imwfm PGR SALE or lo LET; in Quebec ifebtrb, LO ml ttftm in frMt tlu tMuk 4 (l.CIWSU'.. lima nlaltr.fm Hi-Mi: ti. 1- mm uren. bMiea tm ten um m- Ltmitot rivn t-i4 atlKw.krifecbt fl I which Lmt srillrf Antrum it i Wh' rfm Lmf Avtrtktumm 4mu in 4tmm mngmi tmi 4mUt inj CUu, Nn fctM 4 'mi Imi hy it dap. Lm impriMMdit, A i-OUR on AKFJ.RMER pour ua ptanwiMftiii, to Dofttauw dc lar-'Aaw dt la ari, frwclrl 4tu Ulat I hwi atfwii ftaatMlit ttri kyiama i da 'MO tot pjai ti-raaa.

i'aaj Mia4ti mm tat A tioftfwq batiat 1 pvwrail a uitM-hr Nttik aaaira II a fMi Imi da fetmwr i him, a4bMf RtMtM.tl wtnildda 4H dut dttail ww ii Hf Im all. rhtvawaT Mtfwa, bttah, imn Ictaatt ntaari d'ytMaltr ttt I lrnia. favr 1m leWmatinn -'tdtf I T. POl'HtSR, Finiar, I Montr( au A AUOUITlM Ecakf HuUW4 1 5t. Aa4ik Patadt.

Ot mmm mj AwrHittmm atti MIX irmt J- I Mti4-'1 tukliratttn I V' tf uif km .4 Irak, ft. Tk mtfmmt ul midr father uifariMttM iMlrt Jcnh TurMM, Mm It In dumtimr, pmi iid pr tm umnim niww. Lri Att'Vtitmrt imm Mttmm mrmnti it run RkIkIm i Iimk r-vrntaui, t- nhkh. uttM Wfft. Jirri in Mt Unfam ''fi owes to Franklin Its first that of Brown and Gilmore.

established at Quebec In 1764. Frenchmen ai.so,wre protected by The first Frenchman to reap this aid was Louis Tlmothee, who went rom France to America via Holland. Franklin made room for Tlmothee In his own shop, later had him appointed as first librarian of the Philadelphia Library Company, and finally staked him to type and press equipment for a printing house In Charleston, South Carolina, where the three printers had been carried off by smallpox. Louis Timotheo In time became Lewis Timothy Therefore, when Mesplet approached the great Dr. Franklin in London, seeking advice and help, he was sure of sympathetic consideration.

Franklin was interested In the establishment of a semi-foreign press in America. He believed that a culture drawn from many racial sources would be more vigorous than a purely Nordic one. dk.T811", advi8e3 Mesplet to try Philadelphia. Probably in that al- Vlal0n wnlch saw ty, the 'mPendner iue In Am-, erica, he made provision for a French printer who could be sent on occasion into the Midst of the French population of Canada to help the cause of the American Colonies lin tTf-d Wlth from Franklin to Congress, Mesplet set sail from hndfPu' Vthl wife and Pss afalK0f 1774' 116 had "0 Aildrpji. and subsequently had none.

In Philadelphia Mesplet seema to hove been well received. Th. i-mt imtrfi 4mUi4mm sgur if jm'Ui stint XT Us dvtrtititmtnt 4t im Ctmpagn 4thmtnrt Pult, it if prim it fimstriim imt mtimfagntr, i a rdrs faint tttt prittt i fftWfw ptrtmmt 6 Attn, c--im full, w.flt Ike ri 9ftht imrrtiot, 9 riirntt lht FIRST PAGE OF THE FIRST ISSUE OF THE GAZETTE, JUNE 3, 1778 To ffottrntyrrieA. Book Binders. vrfwi' vi" r-f WAN I'M), tvro Joort'Mi Ltur-r BOOK-j 4ttr, fMM its AvtrtlsMmtmt strmn mutmmm A VENDUE ou I LOUER.

Dtni 1 fMibourc At Qntmt, un LOPI de TERK'u bit) DERI, who wtHyrMMM thrlr Wr aa-i iiafftntk wOl mm inth oo4 tptwngmm Nouveaux Chemins ouvrir. front lur to cAt Hid drli t'Midt tnr, bmnm N. I. Idmtore par to fteuft Sl Launmi, 1'euaat ptf to ckanlirt dt pn mtim. MME8 BROWN.

IT MittmW, flrj. 'fWcTwi APPLICATION nt (t HMMMiam hnaViniw 4aiw Dmrlft, Mr avtti NEW-ROADS TO BE OPENED. Th. fvtlMNAL CO itHVltrCATfOt; th. fVttJIN pour ia cwwructKM or itHmmtit, Mir lopm annf gramiai M'koni 6t ptor rr toua Ir metw tat.

ri 1a Iraqucitoa Ha una iuutottarrir at un Caw. ftabbf Mtftiai Ctwmai dfctfnl la dcbu4WciHrariur)pirihrarlt' kJpii(4i tiJ I iiJw RbN 1'tD or iASLD for one jal rfttMnauBdtf. YhtoMmmmm um, im aHtttooit tn tern, turriir petit controir Kif b4 mm rtuo tout? awl cW commtrt, ft It payrmrnt trra rrndti U. -hf 7M ftm I arrnft. MM CM fT fft NhtiJ hi In ipH iMMlrt mnM tnlc)iiti hm4 mr.Ct tOfilXQy NMW MQADU itlin-U, mttk I'fuwOi which pro4tMt hi.

Iciid wxl flT ikvi I'tt. f.iur plua mpm inrortnaiiuRi it not radrrHrr tiMreh Turm.Kcr.aTurrrltoniu-t ou i JacawiCatiirtJ AZ ETTE VMgt ftavwfffBUMMhMajrrafM'IMi far HlK fNI S- fii la diti Cbiww caMtoii hunt arfctmif or ftuuaaai Cawl4cMil- mvnxtaw. Im ramriitMt' which, with ilittlc imanivmtnt mouii Uw ftcr, it St. Anrolnr, Riitorr kK-hWtoui a i tfoU Ff. -iwntfu, Ect.

flUKbnvry df St. Ixurcyt MmiiCal jtnjuH t-1 tutwritf I pMV un cootrw pout Ktlui. la UractW dt Lfecftiint a am, ctt 4rt (torn toth I w.mmh .4 1 umj Thtre ir. far fib Tcmm JfooJ bnv.M Aimi4 ac tata. Ji.

Im 4bm Im Pimm- at Pwf i lut aoakrr ai Iooimm aV titha am dwaair l-U liiniM bat aHMf I if 1 He 'ttmuA, imi ii .1. Thrm Mcwulinl rrlliirr MMMWfftf flcf RCE DU mtii A ir(itp "C'h pbi Mi tK(ibt fr twtfcir iWnmnn aptwt. Itf. Mnr Of kt Jerouil rid4'f ntMnM bl M' LruaMdIAAIlCHIDlStVt (fCHBit chait airri. Lea Cbiaflut ac i' at afoac aatri mil d-ia Stinrauc aV to Nivr1lc LomboI oVaajit ta r-" 1 lri lK H'fc M.frc,i.

Apf.l tll4. ll l. -J tt llifcnir lb Ww UMiJi, --r i COM lixXlE kwlixranant adaaitctd wm rt Lactic dtpoMM aui fth kapla miat aowr utat. afiti--i ChMf. taaatrat IWdra 4c Mr Otrp prM ww in ifc yaN i'D to hire, SMALL HOUSb' uBtf.M SettW-r au' it mm am a naf iha aoflH, withi pfoaa caumtiKC tranfl rMaun at i(U4 utWL miw Natrt.lltaM.

l(iNaMbrt. Vtbvr fvikaUn bDaurffW the' mttjimtm MHRdar wt Ir fmntmrn raf a Twmmivp FarahMi, tM dtU (WHlnaar uiltc aliH Aw. 7mmMf. AVI PUBLIC est par (r present 6ort4 adf to toinff ft!" tr mimmh rir a'aHrMacr a 1 RA1R Em de MONTRE'AL. ifitadtntlj Vitttratic Mmum, riMiir to tadtc to iht fTit bi Mr fat iittct mn rax itr cr ajaril imw- Ct iatta to profhsiw mnw bAh d'trmlr un prfc Mirr nfluatw d'tViyv PONT dr PP.AGB Mir hft numerous Huguenot families there and Madams 4 abMi all anUc.

a-F 0-j Ttmrf fcwbaw, in rt-am ait rani aa it raaju M)i ciaiiM. NTtoW qai MMMranu hum rmatr a mw iwi aaatdit BtawatM 4 Saw-Maw. Ubonniai Ui- imAi TmcImm Tramvr ha dr tV(Ua At. HraiMKha, tfm t't4ral lr nlmmrwihk aal' trr tfia pnni' caavrum. MVMBAV till COMMUKKJ- TIQMt -itVTtMlSVfg, VMM, WL BfaCHtaje.

Iff 11 icpumBrc, Hit. W' A-VIS Toil tei penonnet qui ouf de iffM' inivlt k'iifcuir aiicrtaatoK sU fro JZAltf MntlCr CM. tl UttftJ a VIS Le ouwitni vam iee1 clu M. JOSWHTI. AUCLAfR (VUf O.UTOHOUFZ )' av W(rHf ,) fVqaaKM da dariton Vatootf mt tn RTf.

bm nivaM capluhar 4m wm Itoe Si. aViKiit, cw ffVurk. totrl rrtji.iari to pn-HMtr dr foriM la ao'lnV. aon poy. hta' i.

prwi yiT. inp ifin 3 Juin 1778 'Hf' tuhacribr bAjjj duly appointed tiy 1 mfnstn JSAH ttt MOWMM, nmim Mttt tf Cui da to hiaWai twwnuJ. ftavtvM (hhi friMM ni uaavini aiwiraVt di'Ui fttn inuiUmiwum dt Jh mu Mciufi Dfa(M aaat ft tatnarfat, btlkta. abliittMNH MJrvavm. l4 Mbm ddlai aa baa mtmm i akc mtmirtfrHt rweutner mm act rMrmtrr loatfl.

peiir rrmoir pafraBrat tlk rw nu krr i Id tit aurrrMion, bmi inforirdVa aV pAfJ im (Mlal AlitYxinuk llm mom MHaribiek 4mnfV nUii'anrf. Js n.iuir oW W.i T.wMMi rUMNalitboa wbo kwt rin k. ttiwl tbw iu aawrinl. fc aVBn mm 'If ai cm It aaaaw a i mmt ai Mbrr iat ar Mu M. IOCF-KKTI AUCLAIK(TMNCATrollQUEZJ li.rVmHi.15DcV.UK.

bViKof iha ni4tiu ftrt Mr. M'- OiaJl.y ffwH lac that tf. NtCQtlJt Lit AlV ILK. Lti Dfrtnbrctltj. bT kObHfrtMjfW.r; HAHUM RAIL.

h. mimn wWi dlT JM g.KuwfV-i"1'', HOUSE FOR BALK. LE nutfrn tyrant duemenr nommrj dt IWmkk fm tr- WHiTWf A VIS. Le Koisicne etam dueinent ip Sintd Cv.xrur Mt jaw auk a Vinair da Ira vlaMM ImiUtigrr. mt pariM dr Chainbk, prk nai)tM4i i1aih4i iMlfrn iwirttk 4'nyyit kw9 shouid -not have come down to va.

ll seemd. however, that euch a purposely cryptic letter could riot be a purely pergonal or business letter. It seems very clear that Berger is writing for someone else whose correspondence would be more readily intercepted. It seems also that Berger is anxloua to have a report for this pereon of what Mesplet has seen. Finally, there is the no uncertain reference to the pamphlet letter which Mesplet had printed.

And who are tho Messieurs du Canada? Was Mesplet particularly instructed to confer with the seigneurs? Or the clergy? Or tho Messieurs -de Saint-Sulplce, eeig-neurs of the laland of Montreal? These questions must remain unan-wered until additional original material comes to- light. In any case, Mesplet called on the Gentlemen of Saint-Sulplce in their Seminary of Place for he took back with him to Philadelphia on order for the, printing of a small book entitled "Reglement de la con-trerle de I'adoration perpetuelle du 9. Sacramont." This confrerie was a religious society attached to Notre Dame Churchj and still in existence. The book was 'the rules and regulations of the; tsociety, with special prayers. This book Mesplet printed in Phila-dtlphia on hia return in the spring of 1775.

He must have crossed the lines before April 19th, as hostilities broke out officially on that date. Travel at that -season of the year must have been particularly arduous. The trail lei through wildernees practically all the way from St. Johns on the Uichelieu to Albany. Within the next twelve months Mesplet also printed three books, of which copies exist today.

Two of them wero for Congress, one being a French version of the drilling and military training instructions for the Continental Armies. Another Philadelphia imprint was "L'lnoculation du bon Instead of the usual printer's name, this book had the imprint "choz Timyrimeur ambulant" "at the itinerant printer," Mesplefs last book printed in Philadelphia indicates again the cause he is serving. It was another letter in French "to the inhabitants of the Province of Canada." The name of John Hanoock, President of tho Congress, was signed to the letter, which was dated January 24. 1770. In the meantime Mesplet had entered into a partnership with Charles Berger, the Philadelphia friend who had looked after his personal interests during his first trip to Canada, larger Was a native of France, one of the many Huguenots who came to America to trade.

Like many others, he prospered, but too wide a philanthropy and too generous an interest In the misfortunes of friends finally Jed him into straitened circumstancos, and there is. in Montreal a pitiful letter to an acquaintance asking him to obtain the return of a sunt of money len, so that Berger'e misery may be lessened in, his old He wis then retired living at Nantes in France. I Br. Franklin was now back in Philadelphia, and his advice, -which had long cautioned Congress aguinst too hasty a move, was now all for quick action. He was convinced that a break was inevitable and he knew that the first advantage would bo to the.

side that would prove most energetic. i One of the first recommendations of a committer of Congress which studied the proposal for a Canadian expedition was that a FrencU printer should be sent to Montreal. In the instructions of Congress of February, 1776, appointing as Commissioners to Canada Benjamin Franklin, Charles cWoll of Carrollton and Samuel Chase, It is definitely stipulated that a printer ia to accompany tho Cotn-missionera. Mesplet was called before th.i and questioned as to his to undertake tho tlm aiunt being easily obtained, the Commlwilonera reported to Congrcfs in secret session, and a special committee of John Hancock, president, Benjamin Frank-' uu, aud James Thompson, secretary, ItSNtr tO AGIN, it la V1U da fccartr, Arutii, sriii imi tiua doifaai diw mtttmim, dc imwdJialtmuat aa dit mimivi, uKramrM toaradriw or made iympatJ1fetic acquaintances IW em MesIle- himself was a fen? LW t0 an Hi-gent talker, and a jovial eoul at the tavern board. He rented a house from Anthony Benezet at 42 pound er annum Benezet waa a quaint personage, who achieved contemporary fame as the nnst American philanthropist.

Born in France of a Huguenot family, ha had become a Quaker in England before emigrating to Pennsylvania. He had amassed wealth as a merchant, and on retirement he devoted hlnelf to teaching negroes and to writing pamphlets on their behalf. Mesplet seema to have made an arrangement with John Heinrich Mil'er a Swtes printer had Jived a most extraordinary life -0f wandering in Europe and America. As a young man Miller had been a journeyman to Franklin, and the latter had twice set him up in Philadelphia. Miller printed in German, but doubtlees upoke good French and was a pleasant companion for Mesplet.

Probably on the suggestion of Franklin, Mesplet shared a part of 'Miller'. XHrcaTMr si( IHJ. Oau4ririiitotlwrt mum flwih iliatko tw a who. tiMif itt aawr tnr rtrm I ri iw ai iaitr aatfilkaMfif ffMrd. pitf wwdflai kpMudidtkud'tua) miNM Mi.

aUhatd Haid I Chawkk darrrrt WAHlM WA1X. KfaM Nkixf tl tot maiai 4 mi Aett pawr rr rrrmvf airtvrri'iitHia)nri tt baa rirtltot ultrd cdlan' MO I'lCE. The being aWlf Mfigud U'llAroR i Vatt Mmum thepmvi fih im, A loud mw will is irma ptrmriH Pot i.Jkc it iMncru ditt -atutWM pt 4cMrr aaM nidd, arfweut bki Cwspul aeMUaV paartbki HifM 1 aim tblkn rt Camfiu mmt tU tab da Mm jarfe) a aoakjtM fcnMt pevr rmtmmmmmmt, aiaU lil ka ark aV fr tamax qu'rltoa xaeM ar raa-' vrdn. tl mmtt'tt ka klkti ai prnit lira mm dat i MN ai ike Lm l.Jtr UM ub iw vr Auawwr.ai Uar jmII ar. itbud MnKviara rauarecf Ktin r.

MrKFNillar-JOHN BHUWN. If DV. tf MA1S0N A VENDRE. 'rt Km qui mi part kwaL'a-ipTitaiw rcait dr ixiir to A MA1S0M en pierret deux itagev taV.Pjl.a prrarn: orcwptV ptf Mr. AmM Wt.

mmtu iV and laawftlxr, tak.raM, (br ittaNU i bi fmt Jbu bd iTvAf WKf (ar cattowa) Bad all imt -tH tMata. iUbtd, ki cmH ia prc-r-H ihv it coat. ac aa-dMiblct and whrrrM Vixd and Accwm hai brta i I'OberoldiHousi aitfHtfairr iuhi, aawtMrBJi aowrraiaw taiurcr a arwaja iimf di ih taxi aa r.vi aai daiai 1 to ata Oiudrr ffi tiilhii tnutk Irt. t'trtlu la'fTaly tbaaiiri (fjlnn pdi.l livTt d(It(i Ml BM SUt't pcrMnar, ill mtmi. araat mv utmmt auauai appouna par mi tuntr.ttc piMM it-ail.

Flit d'tlfrlkutrp jjnf Vuiitat rt t( toMM-nt fa PfbUnc. On -nrr4 on bwi iMtf tcoutfiir dt snruka fattlnit. pour paymtlM. fiwr i'omtlllmi Wrrah'n which vawlivd, with a Staai, fir pi oof. of dim MOf it hwh.

paw nsavaaj ptaaabi mum the binda rt ec fr-w In ifc Irtr Hot (au NfNtrt Gf'JWI, Ci akltodion, Sb--rbr rwi -ar tlwm i (My whit ntannhay mm Htu lad rciaratha NorAihw naf aliil dttri id any ar uarpll bitn pkid (h.fr rieMH drthd pflH afcf itJ I Aia Mm, atkrarw'. tbrr but bicf i thtm iwfiptedli Mr.fnMl.Cmw CUftAICUlU ben raw two" in iht Fi WMaynrat. Par rhr caadMiani Tr it Mm. JOHN BROWN LrttDrf. aalvn ia u-'oWt thf llWuM aba ihwr aplf faBH.if Uaiaitai, tp tf mm rbc Mid Br, pty vj met- af MMtrMl.

AVIS. '(outt ptraoniirt i-mlcucts la aocmaitM Akaahf Caanmw, a awi i MarvbtaJ dc rxlU ilkt aaat tntuwra tie pvtr! A VerdreuneiiAiww 1 MaartftawtafW aitaat da da a.aa daad ak rmiV. nimirvM -I PE PUBLIC are informed ihii LOUIS 'CHRIfav9BORGElV yuafE)rriAtf nfat aabawt a mt itiaat the amt dnirt rpciiiH km di-Mi 1 at lout ecwa a qui it dde aucccatMM mi! itt ftHMtaS'. arm) auai rruuw dr wiuwtt Inm iiMki ptMir KaHuditaao, lua 0 Mtwnl, I Waatatbrr tit J. 'tak atactKH priaikfa'.

pa a pwrKf a PIRRVlHO rtmn mn MoaMfMt rirm ujwi-o c9 a He lit fis KTOnCE Alt tenons indebted to the mMr.w4iwdib r.m i. ta ih ruir. niiKi. n. DFiiiiE AUG A HIT LAMtROK.

shop. ra tn rriiif a Mai aratfcaia. Pnar kt raadnlaii. t'awrtair 4 tuttg i lx AlX.4XDl C4MMM9K mW bMpMid MtatfMiHixrd by haract ll Will IVctimt tf thh cup, Marrhww, naurnaJ 4 ptf MB iha rata Wl tap axto haof burfbtu ffoa i ban ffaprriivaOabuwiilMNr dak aad all thaw wham to 1 1 rtrrnci, Wttit fcaratf aad kttt, baakkt mm tht From his Philadelphia printing Mesplet issued the first of a AVIS. TouteB pertquMes qui pcuvmi quelques perfonnes mais bien a Semaine fuivante celui qui n'eutpasdaignc jetter un coup d'oeil fur le Papier faifira avec aviditc le fuivant, parce qirtlj flattera fon caradtere ou fera plus a la portce de fes connoiffbnees les fujets lui feront plus' 'les objeis peints de manieie qu'ii' n'ait pas befoin de microfcope pour les ap-1, percevoir chacun tour a tour trouveraforii amufement ou fon in1 ruction.

Le pere dej famille trouvera des resources pour' procurer, de l'cducation fcs enfans. Les enfans yr liront dcs preceptes dont la pratique fera avantageufe. Les differentcs matieres qui feront traitees plairont aux uns deplaironCj aux autres mais chacun aura fon tour, II eft peu Province qui aienr befbirv, d'encouragemcnt autant que celle que nolisl babitons; on peut, dire en general, qjdeffcr; ports ne foreiie chofes qui terident a.la'fatisia'cioh-dei 0. Vit-ori ja'thais bh'othgque ou mem-v je. tbrqite' iejjai'dm'im' iporide mais -deTeavje; conviehdrA Mfievts la olus feritkfc'36aK: (t ion JjS nfait DttajMUMa, Jcabt tl MptratWa.

abc id inm ail uvwuj iim ruhi iraaafai IMPwm, utr Aoriquea drfnail(t pirfOmcift, LiUtU on ci a tia aar ncawm t-mi uu mm-f tuirrfiirnt coniia ia auccrka da tci tt serica of circulars addressed to the AUXCIlOYENS. 'MlYsYr JE "mTfelicite" devouV avoir propofiS l'e-tabliflTcmcnt d'un Papier Periodiquc, noa pas tant -par rapport a moi-mme que par lesavantages que vous en retircrez. Je voi' que plu'fieurs'dVntre vous Mcflieurs, m'en-, cooragent par Soufcriptions que. iinalgre' la difette prefente de ce- qui peut iaterefler le Commerce ou.d'autrcs objets qui flatteroit votr? curiofite recevez avee JempreiTement Iesoflr.es fincere'sque je vous ai faites de travailler aurant qu'il feroit pour la fatisfacYidn de d'un chacun en particulier. Je metois propofe dc remplir'la" Feuille 'des Avertiflemepts publics des affaires qui nourrqient intereffeHe' Commerce.

'L'un i'autre manquent pour le prefent. Pu dA-vertiflement, 'vli l'e Papier n'eft pas encore connu jvous favez Mcflieurs audi Lien que moi Ja fituation prefente 'quant au Commerce, "en confequence je crois n'avoir rccevoir, pources.deux, Quant aux morceaux varies de LitteVatwev j'efpere trie metrre a Tabri par le foin.que je Kitttr cilif Vllir, ont ptrftt rk kt wiwotrr ra ill I. M'IDGt F. Pi'Bi IC est intornib que LOUIS HlOMExrEAU tatapawdaaat.atftrrviw Pdtioaai irhaaiirAbk twbua Paibaknt da Eaaaarda. a.

ftt COM DH Al itfittt daw Mtrw-Anac Di-Mtrrk ruv rla dil Puth' Lufcw. rui.T. iiM'" iMibkn, tVuin. Taw janwfia Ttitor wwt braaf hr ap at sV 0c bf Ukhana, chwrtd awh tmtKtft tm4 iMiaHuaajtlf ja, mmw IJ. III.

f. Ma piacurrur fmidc 1 rtc'titii pvtK Ividrauii, abwair a tf, paw Mriuc ta Paniaa if 1 kirtK mt mu aaaibiM anal tl -al wit ml )fue tit tr p.pcr a aiw rUOM lAtWm Qmmm 1U1 aVajamka tVtubaet i-nirr. MUriCrwAII periom wbo nuy hav! to tii-i. wmvm, bimbi aVfam tatiara, wbxb aami-ti ai aeiji wo rain i. iir.

partMri ou dt pn na arat l'r rri aiiari a al tin- dt atthid poli alk kit aoat and BMar trt mm mm drat hrwi, vitattr atra dt I a a llc MaatrcJ, so Octokw, III. ailiw im rr t-wmf awwj.a (, trifcy abOMt fcH at ir ajrwbm at Ii' aiaira ba ahi Clip. vd prcat iha toda larat. la amMrd id (raaaj tanxil who kabr mt ibt AVIS. Toutet penonnee qui pei uvent 1 fhcW'i mm pan It aitara-, aaw taiHH (AaaV rt an mtm de 100 prraaaaai, du.

aaMlaMdeaur.4)m'aMrlhiltrlt,a)il!ftrinaj ammt BtAair naaarai jaM npap( nat ae4nclf NInn-H tnaaaaaar raid t4 mrym aVtakM, ba ha At- thsl tgrMtbto i th tow tad ihImm afiho Inwl wapi rha-r wt -if br widthiH tha wd awrVMari, bad, tht arMtws with rhr mm annta af ahr af lb at am Monifw, ia 14 ai. ta BWMflKB earn It iaeaM ik fra Caabf rt Gtaa Be akr. tatrthand i hlamnni-d, Hm da tot vrdiriiirr utih.tr Mcaimi i bit, tarnrd km aw af ibr tah raarn, thraa hiai daam uaaa mnw aa mmmigm jnur nrr rraw 1 rl icna aw Ml ap it aw taid voudrait loi.er uae petite Mai son dan imrkiu'uw dit (luthaurai dr ctttt fitk. atax un ub t4 hm anib rWa wvutV, that ha kC af Hda4 by ibr waHad awl Waawa, m4 mm dt miiajtai kawwia Babat, ha- lot. 0U4UTUJ, Vat fbfc.

nhO.rlt. al wtjii mw laaarawt pijrr aa mini uni aaiat. S-r JOLUKTTB, HP. L'AaMfihM, ht A aw, 1I1; jtrtfiB tupiei Qukoriir auuit war ttlte aaaiatM. at araxa ea taatataj 1 aaaUaaaj-a at thla hkalp knk aal tf-faiwi A-kWi rh trmU.

mm 'm 4. tamard that irMiflfii itiournir or tHrMaii mvn'irt pour unr pa the fawt'k, new ta ampl. caw. pm talks. fuf All penom who may fun dtwaadit crtkt ati iiait.

kH, ablkattria W- ES Souwipiis fJtart du'meM Aomme ptf ka aWNkrra aakwd At Um I -km W.waj ltdtHtar. aetna at cawaawi taaawtaiaa iha 4 Mnnaia aV ItLdt ik MU L'iiUh Oti Mt IvMift, aanahaat at HMbkaagd. ar taajaiavd pwti ikw ia daa ba TittfliPrt. Ixr-arwaiUHlat i a dnainrlrtrawr MHt.ian dVarnm kati tawata panr trrr Ht to, 11. la aaw ta bj tWaa.

wt mi taari aaaJ. 'hat tW had haw bad tt akats la. aarh mb. far dlwrAnU taifatxtai aa-lrfiaiaw p-ti1kaKW fritta pajti Umm- biatww erihtr. tigaiiirat ana itw aj aw i aVbud at aaa tadamid pat ja'tW mIw aVbf.

law. J3LUMTCM, X- P. mpA tnt.ir.nMKNii a(iM-l 11wptMMrs fl Aout Cornice de la Vaccine. Av 5 donti aux HahtfinvS de Mot rr'tl rt wttd'il iHurt Mtkrin at Itwrti ra l'H'ii-l-D(iilotti tt Jrpiiit okce hrvtrt ilal nMiln'tiuiiti MilH. pour it-cnirr OtatJ toil (tti? Qui mttH trara muui tan KOIEKT A WOl twaaci.

uHmttm frn ibk bt artTtad tt br akMild im 1 1 mm MAtrmm. Thtr dtMd pahM liniBtllaa, Atajail J. 1115. '1" 1 11 law da Md lhaaWiaraaUaia ba ra.Mnaaii A VIS. I out-9 pv-rrouiitfi qui a-r drnitrlrt sit unipt Bil'rt a aairr.

ihwtn te trr la tai(rrkqi ka Ja M. raaiamai.t.'tii vw "ih tl. fr aV dr I 1 ptdwtrta dec! Mai dVi aa arc atwf Pd'-nr ararbnia 1 Mrnrrin C'dl dmiii drt itBt-tf tmibfan tt to fiitM rencn-canacllana, a procedure which Franklin doubtless had in mind when he sent Mesplet to America. Thia was a "Letter addressed (to the inhabitants of the Province of Quebec, formerly' Canada, on behalf of the General Congress of North America at Philadelphia." It was printed in French only and "by order of the Congress 1774." January of 1775 in Quebec after having touched al Montreal on the journey from Philadelphia, The real purpose of his visit is a mystery, The lata Mr. McLachlan wna of the opinion that he came prospecting for business, looking for a place to establish hia press.

Others interested are of quite a different opinion, holding that Mesplet came to Canada to py out the land for the advance of the propagandists of the American cause. By this time things were moving lather awlftly in Philadelphia, tho centre of the Continental reIotance which had been crystallizing for some years. It ifl not unlikely that Mesplet fiist came to the St. Lawrence aa an of Congresa to report on the utlituSe of the French-Canadians toward eah side in tile Impending A. peculiar letter written by a friend of Mesplet, Charle Berber, at Philadelphia under date of March 29, rut ubcnberi being fluiy, wWramsk4rwltht.w.

bp tht Will of tha IM OHM WILBOKrl Tha ht'M mmtn, ihN arwird Eajwwwa te hi Ettate. rtajaaw ill Ikotr W- tW tiwlarwaaaw a. rh thi ad bi, HtMWt r. ta and tbewt fur atnkntai mmV htfbn, hp ft-vi'H hf wkfvaf th-f at pap th arha ara endrwrd lf b9 pay iht aweVW ml lW akw and U-. I.

(k Mt (rw a -oau antbeaH aVU. ahiwafh abaprMMHM K01tT AHOUIL -r- --hhr fii MAMiMV kd. Th. pawMW xa aWaWara arda.w ium- pf -a prvfr Oobaf, lata. vtroto.

PatarditdrCMattaV M.rAfhRtt.. -adit it. kai'yuiaakmrlto da mt Jaa Mtk PkM cm -lit anil aaaK trai mmi na Avstr 4 aMf nn lal IM imvt At t-aprr n.lax, mm Jdiat. Monlrta mis JfbWhtc, Ull. Vat.

Ill f. prenarai pour vous procurer ceux que je une bkti tnoite fa: de foj6i0fk Qtde bonne'. oio'rt'acUif Vif inaiS Soo IjjUegtteL pc'ecedeitf vou. 'p)uv tic beccpis quel troubles- troif3i ics puis amuianis les pius lnuruc-tifj. Je n'ignore point la difficulte deplaifea a la fois mai ou'arrivcra-t-il La' Farille qui contiendra une plus grande quan-lite.

de matieres ferieufes nc. plaira i "Tome ir Front page of The Gazette) of January lat, 1816, with all rtews and advertisements in both French and English, with approximately two columns in each language on each of the four pages. Jn this Issue a brief editorial commented on the year just ended as "annus mlrabilisV' the reference being to the Battle of Waterloo and the overthrow of the Napoleonic dynaHty. The shadow of "the Ogre" still lay over the continent of Europe, much of the necessarily sparse news of the day being concerned with the fallen Nc-pol eon and his affairs. For example, the is3ue of which the front page is pictured above chronicled the capture and execution of Murat, the dethroned King of Naples and brother-in-law of Bonaparte, who had led an unsuccessful expedition for his own restoration.

Ar other despatch stated that there was being fabricated at Greenwich a house to be shipped in sections and erected at St. Helena for Napoleon's residence. The owner of The Gazrtte in 1816-17 "was James Bronv who was elso the pioneer of what is now Canada's wonderful pulp and paper industry. Xn IS 03 Brown built the first paper mill In British North America, on the site now occupied hy the Roman Catholic church at Andrew's East, Argenteuil. In thin mill was tua.de Uie paper tivaL which The Gazette ani many local publications of the day were irintec'- r4 i 4 que, ce -qui novivoit fttsfeirc The text is a uoiUon of Fleury Mcw-kt'o announcement to the citizens of Montreal of his venture and the policy IXiZii.

ud ai which lio puiiif iicd to. XolioWj.