The Billings Gazette from Billings, Montana • 4

THE BILLINGS GAZETTE Peg Fou Sunday, November 29, 1942 FuehrerOur Agents Have Reported! Canada and parts of the West Indies many, many years ago. Speaking as a ghost from the closet of Herr Goebbels, the foxy Laval declared "I was always certain Germany would be the victor, but always was ready to remain in Literary Guidepost By JOHN SELBY 'TIME OF By Ben Ames Williams. (Houghton Mifflin; $2.75.) Ben Ames Williams had a clear purpose In his mind when he started "Time of Peace," and the purpose was good. But somewhere in his 700-odd pages he buried the purpose under a blanket of words, and now it is difficult for the reader to StUings nztttt Founded May 3, 1885 Published Dllj nd 8undj bj THB GAZETTS PBINTINO COMPANY Entered at the BlllliiM, Montana, Post Office ai 6ccond Claii Mall Matter. FOB DELIVERY 6ERVICE Carrier Pay carrier 25 centa per week for Dally and Sundai 30 cents per week for Daily only) and 6 cenls per week tor Sunday only.

MAO. SUBSCRIPTION RATES PAYABLE IN ADVANCB In Montana. Wyoming- Outside Montana, Wyomlni and Western Dakota and Western Dakota With Without With Without PLANNIN6 TO VERE DER, resurrect it. Mnmini; Sunday Sunday eunaaj ouuu.j 18.25 On. year MOO 17.24 HJ-JJ 6lx months 4 76 3.75 Three months 3.

50 J.OO 2-7 On. month .0 .70 100 4.25 3.25 .80 The idea is to show the changing relationship between a father and his son In the decade before frey, the latter in his new boots with soles nearly an inch thick, all sailed on a little Red Star ship Sui.day only, 13.00 per year, rhe Gazette la a member of the Audit Bureau of Circula-tlons. Member of Associated Press. The Associated Press Is exclusively entitled to use for publication of dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited to this Pearl Harbor, and also to put down which was. Mr.

Morley declares with the shift in the relationship be- a fairly straight face, 10 times as tween these two and the country at long as it was broad. With boyish larg2. The whole balance between 1 faith, Geoffrey simply went along. paper, ana misa iwu udm iiuwtd. the United States and its citizenry He had no idea of the change com did shift through these years, and it never will be returned to what used to be considered "normalcy.1 Mr.

Williams understands that clearly, and often expresses it neat ly. But again, there are too many good terms with America. I like liberty but I will never accept for my country a parliamentary government as we had before." Laval, presumably given to the same delusions of grandeur common among the class known as dictators, also considers himself a sort of Messiah. "I have known," he says, "in my public life difficult moments when the fate of France was In peril. It is always in these hours that I arrive in power." No longer can Pierre Laval plead that he was a victim of circumstance, who cooperated with the axis to save his people suffering until the day when another allied army would marsh victoriously through France.

Laval has become part and parcel of the same nazi clique responsible for the deaths of millions. The allied invasion of African colonies served as an excuse for Laval to deem the time ripe to come to the aid of the nazi party. But like Faust, Laval will pay heavily for his present delusions. Peace Oilers President Eduard Benes of the Czechoslovak government in exile has come to be recognized as a man of keen insight into world conditions and a leader of high integrity. Consequently a statement by Benes in London recently that Germany will try through secret channels to bring about an inconclusive peace is worth consideration.

ing to him, he merely lived. He did a nice job of it, too. Most of the book is about Geoffrey's growing up inthe United States chiefly in and around Baltimore, where eveu in Geoffrey's day the citizenry's bath water ran into open troughs, and a deceptively leisurely life was lived all about A growing boy in real life is difficult enough, God wot; in a book he is a sore trial. But it seems to me that Mr. Morley has brought Geoffrey off almost perfectly.

Sometimes the charm of the prose is a little sticky on the tongue, but mostly it is not You live and learn with Geoffrey through a good many pages. You words. At the opening of the book, in 1930, Mark Worth's wife is Just dying, and his son is on the edge of adolescence. When it concludes, Tony, the boy, is newly married and assigned to duty in Hawaii; Mark has married again; the country has accepted the necessity of the war Hitler has forced upon it. These things are said in "Time of Peace" and you are sure the author and yourself agree that they are true.

But you are forced to rely upon the like the boy, his family, his sur roundings. You are sorry to leave him, come page 469. printed word. You do not reel; you only think. I think that Mr.

Williams, some A Cruel Escape Among the atrocity stories that have come out of this war none is so gruesome as that which the Polish government-in-exile reported from London the other day. It is a studied plan of liquidating the Jewish population of Poland. Those who survive dire privation are not necessarily fortunate since they may be among the percentage marked by the nazis for liquidation and therefore put to death before a firing squad for no reason other than their racial designation. The Polish government in Lpndon, which maintains underground contact with its people, describes these nazi acts as a "program." In other words the wholesale slaughter of Jews seems neither to be punishment for specific infractions of nazi rule, nor an idle whim of the bloodthirsty. If the Polish report is correct, it is undertaken with characteristic Teutonic thoroughness and dispassionate adherence to the cruel precepts of Hitler and his henchmen, among them Heinrich Himmler, whose name is synonymous with death in the occupied countries.

The "program" makes one wonder if nazi regime finds at this time a need for re-emphasizing to the people of Germany the where between the first and last pages, fell in love with his own voice. Things do not happen, but are written about. The speeches are so long they sound oratorial in the reader's mind, and the events are so obvious that they give the impression of being tailor's dummies, set up to support Mr. Williams- verbiage. As two examples early in the book Mark takes his son on a long trip through the country, a kind of per sonally conducted tour arranged to give the father a chance to explain the country to Tony.

If I had been Tony, I should have slept through most of it. And near the end, Mark goes.to a dinner which Mr. Williams arranged to set oraer nis pre-Pearl Harbor house. The dinner is Crossing Elimination Continues a not a needed happening with urgency and inevitability. More champagne and less mid By FREDERIC J.

ASK IN I would be required to complete the; states now require school buses task. And this rough estimate is I transporting children not only to Washington, Nov. 28. One prob-'hnspri on th nrnvision that no addl-lston. but the driver must deleeate night oil would have helped "Time of Peace." 'montreal: seaport and city; By Stephen Leacock.

(Doubleday, Dor an; $3.50.) 'At first blush, one might think the choice of a humorist to write the history of a seaport a curious one. And after reading Stephen Leacock's "Montreal: Seaport and City," one might change one's mind. Mr. Leacock even livens up the traditional list of acknowledgments. After thanking a goodly list of important people and mentioning other sources, he adds: "Acknowledging all these debts, I feel also that I owe a good deal of this book to my own industry and effort." Montreal is the whole of Canada seen through the wrong end of the telescope.

That Is, Canada as a whole is plagued by a division of race and language, and a vast train of circumstances stems therefrom. So with Montreal, which is divided between English- speaking and French-speaking populations, neither of which speaks with the other except in a business way. In writing about the two great universitiei of Montreal, Mr. Leacock remarks that men have served lifetimes on the faculty of McGill, for example, without ever visiting the University of Montreal more than once perhaps not even once. The historical background Is beautifully sketched.

You cannot understand Montreal without knowing Canadian history, and here you have enough of it. Also, you must know that Montreal is an island and conditioned by its situation in one of the great rivers of the world; that no comparable port lies farther from blue water than Montreal. And the relation of Canada with us and with Britain is the third essential, normally a very dusty study, and for lem of the public safety program, Itional crossings be constructed. If some pupil to approach the track Benes says that the first period of the war ended in June 1941 when the nazis attacked Russia and that the second period ended and the third began when the allies, "after having gained essential time for preparations," started offensive operations in Africa. The Czecho-Slovak leader says that in the third period of the war military initiative will be consistently in the hands of the allies.

He does not issue his prediction of German peace efforts as a warning. He expresses confidence that they will meet with failure. Benes doubtless is right about the failure of any nazi peace feelers, because the idea that "you can't do business with Hitler" now is so generally accepted. At the same time it may be well to watch for whatever "feeler" directed toward a stalemate peace is put out. Such a move might be so cleverly camouflaged 'thorofare; By Christopher Morley.

which has been relentlessly carried additional crossings were added at on in recent decades, is that of the; the present rate, elimination would railroad grade crossing. Almost utterly impossible. As a task it and look in both directions andsig-nal the driver whether to proceed or remain stationary. Iri connection inousana oi tnese crossings are is romnnrnhl with that, of the man with th Drecautionarv measure (Harcourt, Brace; $2.75.) Christopher Morley has for a long eliminated annually, but, for every, Who was trying to climb out of a 'many teachers instruct their pupils crossing removed approximately two to cease talking or making other well into which he had fallen and who found that each time he climbed time been master of the whimsical phrase and what you might call the noises when a bus comes to a standstill at a grade crossing. This up one foot he fell back two feet.

heartwarming approach. He is best The grade crossing problem started makes easier for the driver to hear an approaching train when he is relaxed and gentle, smoothly sailing through a familiar landscape. This is because his pe when the first railroad was built. But then there were no automobiles, culiar gift is for glorifying such landscapes the things we know grow more nanasome unaer nis ministrations. Motorists Blamed That the railroads have the better of the argument as to who is primarily to blame in grade crossing motor vehicle accidents is proved by the fact that in more than 1,000 such accidents in a recent year it was clearly established that the automobiles actually ran into the trains.

and until that machine came to be used in large numbers, there were comparatively few people killed or injured at grade crossings. Occasionally a partially blind or deaf person would fail to see or hear an approaching train, or the driver of a team fail to observe the "stop, are constructed under conditions over which the railroads have no control. There is a law of eminent domain by which a railroad can condemn private property and utilize it for a right of way, and by the same token a state can direct a vehicle route to be constructed across railroad tracks against the protest of the line. It has been the unprecedented highway building program carried on within the last two decades that has brought into existence more railroad crossings than the railroad companies have eliminated. There are now some 200,000 grade crossings in the United States.

To eliminate them all, transportation So it is with his new novel. This he calls "Thorofare," and the name comes from the main street of the town in which his chief character lived in England. It is a small town, and if it had been an American vil look and listen" warning and be hurled, team and all, into the air. Beginning in 1923 there were two old contention that the Jews are the basis of all their troubles. There is a drear winter ahead for the reich, both on the home and military fronts.

Could it be that the fuehrer has made a mistake? Are a good many Germans asking: "Has Hitler deceived us; is this to be a long war; do we ourselves face privation greater than in the first World war?" Likely as not Hitler has turned his bloodhound, Himmler, loose to Invent an escape for him this winter, a diversionary move, so to speak, appealing to those in whom deep racial hatred has been engendered. Enemy of Germs Eighty-year-old Dr. Samuel J. Crumbine, general executive of the American Child Health association, recently was honored for his pioneer work in the field of public health at a testimonal dinner in New York City given by the Kansas society of New York. The dinner directed attention to the earlier work of the man who eliminated the common drinking cup and who invented the slogan, "Swat the Fly." It is said that the health officer, riding on a transcontinental train through Kansas in July 1907 went to a water cooler to get a drink.

He saw a 5-year-old girl use the common drinking cup immediately after a man obviously suffering from advanced tuberculosis. Dr. Crumbine launched a campaign against the drinking cup, and despite ridicule and opposition based on tradition, succeeded after two years in lage, it might even have been a dy automobiles in every garage and tens of thousands in no garage, and ing town. England being small, there are fewer convenient places Mr. Leacock the exact opposite.

so this grade crossing problem be and traffic authorities agree, is vir for persons to go, and towns hang on longer. gan to take on serious proportions, This is to say, the automobiles were not on the crossings and hit by the locomotives, but they smashed into the sides of the locomotives or trains. These accidents caused more than 200 deaths and more than 1,500 injuries. There seems to be no question that the railroads are doing all they can to safeguard their lines. The record speaks for that.

Twenty years ago steam railroads had about 10.000 fatal accidents annually, but This is his armature. Like a good ktv, n. In that year 2,268 people were killed In 1897 that was what Geoffrey o.UUHUui, uv.il AiBg RIM nf Ih.m Barton's town was doing. But in that year his uncle Dan came back sculptor, he covers the armature with clay deftly applied in this case it Is polychrome. Such matters as the old ice palaces which used to dim UVii iaijui.I'U many vi ii ivin I permanently.

There was an Increase from America, with a beard that looked suspiciously like Christopher Morley's own, and after a summer away with all the grade crossings the cost would be about which is a sum equal to the estimated value of all the railroad property in the country. Few railroads for several years and then a decrease, although from 1923 to 1942, nearly 30,000 persons lost their lives in accidents which occurred at grade cross melt at once Into ruins, the enormous civic banquets, the Fenian "invasion," the historic fires, the background of the fur trade, early-day this number, under safety rules spent with the relatives, in divers ings. Almost four times that num worked out by the interstate com in recent years, except within tne'u-- i (and latter-day) shipping, the pere merce commission and enforced by it, has been reduced by more than 70 per cent for passengers, 60 per grinations of the Canadian capital, last two, have made any profit. wclc U1JU1CU' Many of them have paid little or no Railway officials claim that in an dividends since 1930, and conse-1 overwhelming majority of the accl-ouentlv these lines do not. have the; dents at grade crossings, and espe- worthy pursuits.

Uncle Dan returned to America. With him he took Geoffrey and his Aunt Bee. It was just as well, for the family's china business was becoming a less and less adequate crutch in the financial sense. Uncle Dan, Aunt Bee and Geof- now nere now there all these and much more are the surface and at the same time the substance of Mr. cent for employes, and about 15 per cent for other persons.

money for a total elimination of alii clallv tnose involving motor ve- 1 i ji 11.. The group designated as other hides, the drivers of the automo grade crossings. Leacock's good-humored and full-blooded story. biles, buses or trucks are wholly to blame. The crossings are marked Time Important Time is an almost equally im with precaution warnings, and yet persons is composed of those who fail to cross crossings cautiously, and who thereby help to continue the problem of grade crossings as both a local and national concern.

portant consideration. At the rate drivers persist in attempting to ne As It Was in Billings Taken frera th files The Gazette of eliminating about 800 crossings gotiate the tracks without taking a year more than two centuries i any precaution whatever. Many 45 YEARS AGO Nov. 29, 1897 Wyoming has a Klondike of its own and the stampede is now on the Answers to Questions way to the newly-discovered gold fields in the Sierra Madre range on yesterday at Country club park by the score of 6 to 0. Billings celebrated Thanksgiving somewhat somberly yesterday.

Aside from the football game and the dance little attempt was made to show that the city was enjoying a holiday rather than laying off for Sunday. 10 YEARS AGO Nov. 29, 1932 Two shots echoed in the basement of 14 North Twpntv.TilntVi t- the continental divide. A number of Billings people have been taken with the fever and are preparing to join A reader may get the ansmer to any question of fact by writing The Billings Gazette Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington.

D. C. Please enclose three 3 cents for reply. far back as 1751 when Smollett wrote, "He is the very moral (model) of you, and as like as if he had been spit out of your own mouth." An earlier usage in 1602 is traced by Farmer and Henley. the rush for the new Eldorado.

Ed Preble, who used to play on the streets of Billings years ago and By FREDERIC J. HASKIN krivoi Rog district in the southern Ukraine, in Russia; and the famous Norrbotten district in northern Sweden. The latter is the largest single known deposit in the world. Q. What is the title of Ernest Dowson's poem containing the well-known line, "I have been faithful thee, Cynara, after my L.

L. A. "Non Sum Qualis Eram Bonae Sub Regno Cynarae," a line from one of Horace's Odes. This is the same poem from which Margaret Mitchell took her title "Gone With the Wind." Q. When parachutists are about to leave a plane, who jumps first? N.

E. A. Q. Is the rat a native of the United States? D. R.

A. The brown rat is the common cnoinc Tr hup KsrnmA fo tliralwoH A. The war department says nt fVwi swipe rides on the streetcars plying Monday evening. A woman screamed, between Bud McAdows comer and 'two men silhouetted in a lighted the Coulson brewery, is now at Cas- window, grappled for a gun 'Bur-' tie, according to a clipping from the shouted a voice from tne7ele. Livingston Post w-hich says N.

CJ phone at police headquarters Green and Ed Preble are preparing -somebody's been murdered" The to dig a fortune out of one of the police dashed to the scene and found "L.t"6 S1Dkmg 9 dozen actors sans costume ano 100-foot shaft in the Lamar mine. grease paint coring over the scene the man designated as leader of the. dJtn, about.1775. It nnratrooDS iuniDs first from the air- paratroops jumps first from the air as 10 oe attractive, thereby impairing to a certain extent the unity of purpose needed for complete victory over naziism. Compensations Juvenile crime is increasing the country over.

So is vice. A great deal of this twin increase is due to homes' being broken up by war work. Father and mother both are away from home all day sometimes all night and the children 'run wild." Then, we read, fathers, getting bigger wages than ever before, often go on spending sprees, "try to make people think they are big shots." Maybe mothers do the same thing, although their spending excesses probably are not so bad as those of the men. Such things are bad for homes, unsettle domestic equilibrium, even if they do not do the harm that parent-deserted homes can do. There is little or no juvenile crime here.

Juvenile morality is good, too, we think. There are no war industries in Missoula or western Montana. Some of us complain about this, but-. The situation undoubtedly has its compensations, now and for the after-war period when we shall not have to deflate ourselves. The Daily MLssoulian.

Novas Are News A city of retired millionaires devoted to the strenuous labor of clipping coupons off gilt-edged bonds that's Pasadena, Cal. Naturally in places where life is so placid, the morning paper habit Is strong, and that led to some real news the other clay; news that appeared in the afternoon papers of course. A Pasadena astronomer, Professor Edison Pettit, immersed in a science where the "parsec" is fast time, and what happened 40 years ago on Arcturus is contemporary news or was, in 1933. at A Century of Progress arose in the early yawning and felt in the mood for a morning paper. Stepping outside his bungalow, he glanced at the heavens as all good astronomers do, just as a railroad man always looks both wavs down the track before crossing.

And there was news in the skies! The professor saw a star where no star ought to have been. He quickly verified the discovery with a six-inch telescope, and later in the day got all the dope through the 100-inch monster on Mount Wilson The new star is a "nova," one of those little upstart stars that gets too big for its breeches and suddenly flares into the first magnitude, only to die down in a week or two. But "novas" are news, and Professor Pettit found news in the skies while his morning paper lay on the dewy grass of a California lawn at dawn. The Chicago Daily News. Doughboys and the Taj Mahal A recent new photo from India shows two American soldiers busied with inscribing their names on a rounded surface, segmented somewhat as an orange, while above them lifts what appears to be a massive urn.

But in point of fact they are perched on the dome of the Taj Mahal, to which they have clambered by means of a scaffolding used for repairs. It's an old American waiting room custom, this leaving your name for posterity, perchance, but in the instance we fancv we hear sundry critics exclaim. "Why, how dreadful!" That all depends on how one Views the matter. The Taj Mahal, a name which means literally, "crown of Mahal," is as you know one of the architectural wonders of the world, nowhere surpassed for its beauty. But it is a mausoleum.

Early in the seventeenth century Shah Jehan constructed it, of white alabaster, as a tomb for his favorite wife, and he lavished so many rupees upon this evidence of his grief and devotion that even then, and in that land of cheap labor, it cost more than $9,000,000. There, in a central chamber, sleeps Mahal the beloved, her emperor beside her. And it was on the great dome lifting above their slumber that Corporal Scopelliti md Private Byrom carved their names. If you are shocked by such seeming irreverence, take thought as to whether she that was called Mumtaz-i-Mahal cares a whit, if care she can. She must have been a dear sort, among a great variety of wives, a womanly woman of warmth and quick laughter, to have been so beloved.

You mav be shocked, indeed, but we think that Mahal would have smiled. The Oregonian. plane. He may be either a commis is now our worst mammalian pcau. sloned officer or a noncommissioned officer.

Q. Where is the greatest waterfall in the world? M. M. A. It is Victoria falls in Rhodesia, British Africa.

The roar of the falls is like continuous thunder and iho vonftr frnm thA follincr water 35 YEARS AGO Nov. 29, 1907 in which the wife of an eminent i Egyptologist is beset bv the villain What are the brain foods? Q. How many cells does (he brain contain? A. S. N.

A. There are about 9.200,000.000 S. B. uaptam e. s.

general agent in -Trie creaky Chair," forthcom- A. While it was formerly believed! for the Inter-Mountain Mutual Life ling play of the Golden Kevs nlav- J. 3 cells in the gray matter of theiSl ftltB ta that certain foods influenced the Insurance company, left yesterday, ers. human brain. for miles.

The native African name development and activity of the brain, it is now known that any food that nourishes the body, nour Q. Who was the first painter In inewis is for Butte, where he will take in thei Fiv members of the newly-or-sights of the great copper camp, ganized 4-H Billings Bench Builders By a series of brilliant line rushes club have obtained their calves to after the Billings city team had start on the feedine nroiect for thi me ueiKiu is uvcr iivc this country? M. T. ishes all parts mtiHo fnmhlj nn thpir 3fl-rarH lino voir nrv Niagara falls. Q.

What a rifle-bird? T. M. I. A. The name rifle-bird or rifle How long has soap been nsed? B.

C. A. The use of soap Is of great securing a Kansas statute lorbidding us foe. Eventually the rest of the states adopted similar laws. Besides his fly slogan, Crumbine is credited with originating "Bat the Rat," "Don't Spit on the Sidewalk," and "Sleep With Your Window Open." In addition to eliminating the common drinking cup' in his state, he banished the roller towel from trains, schools, restaurants and hotels.

Crumbine' had been a pioneer physician at Dodge City, before he served 19 years as Kansas state health officer. Then he went east to assume his present position. Unlike "some pioneers he has lived to see his "fool ideas" generally accepted. 6 Faust of France Foxy Pierre Laval has finally turned his cloak Inside out. Today he wears the faded colors of Vichy inside and exhibits, to the world at large, a treacherous lining of swastikas.

The Faust of France has sold his soul to the nazis to perpetuate their intrigues in the "unoccupied" portion of a former great republic. Laval shattered all hopes that he was merely playing a game with the nazi overlords to protect his countrymen when he declared that an agreement with Germany "is the sole guarantee for peace in Europe" in his most recent outburst. Laval not only espoused the virtues of Herr Hitler and his tribe but went so far as to predict a "domination, of communists and Jews" in the event the allies win the war. In his Initial address since being invested with full political powers by Marshal Petain, the traitorous Laval informed his followers that "from what has happened in north Africa we have discovered the fate that awaits us tomorrow if Roosevelt gets away with it." He scoffed at allied promises of returning the seized portions- of the French empire in the future and turned back the pages of history to his convenience and cited the British seizure of French man bird is applied to birds of para- A. Gustavus Hesselius is credited with having been the earliest painter in the United States.

Q. How long after a trail is made can a bloodhound follow it? C. H. B. A.

It is said that bloodhounds can follow a trail 30 hours after it is made. dtse of the genera Ptilorrhis and antiquity. The remains of a well- April 12, 1918, when the Germans to the Union after the original 13 had launched a terrific drive and he on March 4, 1791. New York hH naa launcnea a terruic rave ana ne snan fartnrv were found res3e "neTreT "cognized her independ French reinforcements came. "Every ence, under the leadership of Alex-ander Hamilton.

dress uniform of the British rifle regiments. Q. When was the term eastern position must be held to the last I shore first used with reference to; man. There must De no retirement Edith Cavell With our backs to the wall and he-t Q. How is the direction of the Q.

Where was buried? N. B. R. Q. When did congress pass the Virginia, Maryland and Delaware? law making "The Star-Spangled L.

Tieving in the justice of our cause, iwind determined? L. McN. A. Edith Cavell was buried near each one of us must fight to the! A- The direction of the wind is 'RaniW nr nt nnal anthem? A. II.

a. ine term was IlTSl applied to The Germans got no tne point from which the wind uic scene vi uie execution in me (nj vicinity of the prison of St. Gilles.i A- An act of the seventy-first what now taown fthe eastern, end bv! t. it nrtd shore of Vireinia. bv Captain John farther and two months later they Wows.

It Is observed by means of On May 15. 1919, her body was re- congress provided moved to Norwich cathedral after! the Senate and House of Repre-; smitn, curing nis voyage up unesa- a memorial sen-ice in Westminster intatives of the United States cupcake bay and poraUon of the a wrMa America in Congress assemtjled. abbey. rnnctntM m.n of th. inS England? S.

Q. ithe tnited States to band birds? that the composition consisting of rfrion. which unwared In book form Hls most excellent majesty 3. M. E.

Q. Who was the first president the words and music known as of the inited States to wear loThe Star-Spangled Banner is desig-iin London in 1624. in wWch he God of inated the national anthem of the, refers to the peninsula as eastern trousers? A. P. F.

i United States of America." Ap- shore. A. Thomas Jefferson. Great Britain. Ireland, and the, first in America to conceive the of the British dominions beyond idea of bird banding, the seas, king, defender of the faith, emperor of India.

Wt is a swing shift? R. J. F. A. Swing shift is a term used In Q.

How long was Vermont inde-' referring to a factory schedule ooer- proved March 3, 1931. of the Q. Must a freichter carry carro 1 J- "hat Is the origin as ballast to make it Q. Is it necessary to turn in the term bine blood? P. G.

O. S. M. A. sucar ration card of a man who I A.

The expression originated In SDain. where lkht-ccmnlexioned P'111 becoming a state? ating seven days a week. 24 hours 'T ill a Waif TV- WArlrinn H. H. S.

day. The working A. The United States maritime enters the army? W. SrA. a schedule of the A.

When a man enters the armed, persons wnose veins nave a oiue service his familv is expected to re- appearance, claimed pure descent turn his sugar ration book to the; from the Spanish stock, without rationing board. Moorish or Jewish admixture. commission says that it is not necessary for a freighter to carry cargo as ballast to make it seaworthy. Water is generally used as ballast Now that shipping space is limited, full cargoes are carried. A.

The people of Vermont adopt- employes varies from week to week, ed a declaration of independence on Sometimes the work week would Jan. 16, 1777, and continued to func-i begin at a certain hour on a given tion as a separate state for 12 years. 'day, and then, after one or more despite conflicting claims to owner- Weeks, according to the schedule. It ship by New Hampshire. New York 'might change and begin on another and the United States.

As the Green day and hour. The term swing shift mountain commonwealth, Vermont is also used in referring to a shift was the first state to be admitted working late at night" Q. Where are the most impor-' Q. What leader daring the first tant Iron deoosits in Europe? F. World war said.

"Our backs are to Q. Please give the origin of the A. They are: Th! great iron field! the A. M. K.

term spitting image. P. C. lot the Lorraine basin in northeast-j A. Sir Douglas Haig gave the A.

The expression was used as era France and Luxemburg; the famous "back to the wall" order,.