The Salina Journal from Salina, Kansas • Page 4

Special Report From Europe; A And A Worry By J. P. Harris ZURICH, SWITZERLAND--Western Europe is recovering from its first real war scare since the Nazis were downed. It reached its climax in those few hours when it was not known whether Britain and France, having invaded would bow to American pres- sures on the one hand, and Russian threats of using missiles against them pn the other, and accept a cease fire. The was heightened by the fact that simultaneously Red army tanks were rolling into Hungary to crush the revolutionaries with the utmost brutality.

The acute crisis passed quickly. But not before Belgians began buying cof- Jee and sugar in such quantities that Tetail stocks of those commodities still fare in short supply. Swiss National Guardsmen put themselves on a voluntary alert. The Austrians wondered nervously whether the Communist tanks would cross their border in hot pursuit of Hungarian refugees. The French hoarded gasoline.

The British trembled at the demonstrated military ineptitude of their Middle Eastern assault. Overnight the Danish view on conscription changed. Today the crisis in a sense is over, much of the strain remains. It is "not a strain resulting from the endless chain of economic adversities touched loff by the oil shortage produced by the incident, which is just now begin- ning to be felt. This approaching new period of austerity will be taken in stride.

It is a 'foreboding feeling which depresses today. Over here they are -still unanimous in stating there will not -be another great war. They argue reasonably that if the Russians intend to such a thing off, they would have done so long before this. But their worries are revealed by the frequency with which the sentence, "If there should be a war," and so on, comes into their conversations. This is a startling change in the Europeans' point of view.

Six months ago, when I was last here, they could not have been more prosperous, more relaxed, and more confident that while there were many unresolved questions, time would gradually dispose of them. They were inclined to scoff, as they had for several years, at Americans for having the possibility of war forever on their minds, despite the fact they were the most powerful nation and the one farthest removed from the most likely arena of conflict. They were not worried, then, about subversive activities by the Communists within or overt acts by the Communists without. Today there is even less concern about the native Reds. The clubbing down of the Hungarians has caused the Russians to be reviled more than the Nazis were at their worst, and has led hundreds of Communists in the western nations to turn in their cards.

The events of the past few weeks have jolted these Europeans out of their belief in an increasingly peaceful coexistence with communism. Not so much, though, as to be frightened. Merely to be apprehensive. They regard the relaxing of the Kremlin's hold on Poland and the continuing resistance in Hungary as a major setback to communism. Their nagging worry is that, to counter it, the Communist leadership, to preserve its power, will take some desperate step which could pull western Europe down with it.

Watch Your English The Journal's daily feature, "Watch Your by Carroll H. Jones, if well read. I know. Now, when The Journal makes a slip in grammar or spelling especially when the mistake is by the editor -a subscriber corrects us. Often the correction is accompanied by a clipping of Mr.

Jones' feature, a pertinent one. SO "Watch Your English" has a double value. It keeps both the writers and readers of The Journal on the.ir toes. Were We Hoover By Drew Pearson WASHINGTON The story oMiow the Unit- States permitted British and French relations to deteriorate to the lowest point since 1864 and the part American oil companies and certain State Department officials had to do with it has never been told. Probably the full story will not be told until ci- "ther a Senate committee sub' poenas the documents or the State Department itself issues a white paper, as is customary, 10 years later.

However, from unimpeachable sources, here are some of highlights and details of this important and a i chapter in our history. The man primarily in charge of American policy at this time was Herbert Hoover the charming, sometimes naive acting Secretary of State. He was as- sisted from time to time by John Foster Dul'. les, then recovering from a cancer operation. Secretary Dulles at all times concurred with Mr.

Hoover in his anti-British, anti-French policy, and seemed personally bitter against both countries for going into Suez without consult- i. ing him, Hoover, according to his associates in the State Department, seemed to share the anti- British attitude of 'his father, who was once excoriated by Justice Joyce of the British high court of justice for taking possession of the title deeds to a Chinese mining property "by main 7 Oil Diplomat In any event, acting Secretary of State Hoo- I ver did not abstain from handling matters affecting oil companies, as is customary in order to avoid a conflict of interest. When Joseph P. Cotton was Undersecretary of State in the Hoover administration, Cotton disqualified himself from handling any problem affecting the Dillon Read Investment firm, financier of the Arabian-American Oil Company, because Cot; ton had been the attorney for Dillon Read. When James Forrestal was Secretary of De- fense, he disqualified himself from Middle East oil decisions because he had been president of ,1 Dillon Read.

I Hoover has been an oil diplomat for years. He was the oil companies' ambassador to Ven- ezuda, Chile. Peru, Brazil and more recently Iran. Hoover's company. United Geophysical, has been retained at one time or other by 7 most of the big oil companies.

He was also a director of Union Oil of California, which has arranged a prospective marriage with Oil. Union is selling $120,000,000 of its 25-year debentures to Gulf, which are to be converted into Union common stock, thus giving a 22.4 percent interest in Union. This would control. An estimated 92 percent of Gulf's crude oil reserves are in the middle east 22 billion barrels. Only two billion barrels of Gulf's reserves are in the Western hemisphere.

Gulf, of course, Is controlled and largely owned by Mellon family, whose founder. Andrew Mellon, was Secretary of the Treasury under and Hoover. The Mellon and Hoover families have been close. How vitally Gulf Oil was affected by the crisis, te shown by the stock market. Its dropped 30 points a result of investors' fears that its huge Arabian reserves might be jeopardized.

Yet Herbert Hoover with both financial and family ties to Gulf Oil, did not disqualify himself from State Department decisions affecting oil. On the contrary he made most of the major Middle East decisions after Dulles became ill until gradually the alarmed at the drift, began to take a personal hand. No Oil For Allies It was Hoover who primarily laid down the policy that no oil must be shipped to England and France. All during the Suez crisis. State Department associates say that Hoover was adamant in his determination to appease the Arabs.

It was he who during the crucial night conference at the White House November 5, one day before election, warned that Russia planned, war. He was so panic-stricken that the entire multibillion- dollar oil reserves of the Near East would fall into Russian hands that the Strategic Air Command was alerted, and all atomic ships with atomic installations were ordered out to sea. Allen Dulles, head of Central Intelligence, finaly quieted Hoover's fears and persuaded the President that Russia was bluffing. However, it was on that night, and largely as a result of Hoover's panic, that Eisenhower rushed stern messages to Prime Ministers Eden and Mollet demanding that they cease hostilities in Suez. Ambassador Douglas Dillon in Paris has now publicly admitted the truth, despite State Department embarrassment, that this, not desire to work with the UN, caused the cease-fire.

Whatever the reasons, however, and no matter how foolish the original attack, the resulting cease-fire left the French and British out on the worst limb in a good many years of history, with'the canal one-quarter occupied and three quarters blocked. They became the laughing stock of the Arab world. It was at about this time that President Eisenhower agreed to hold a three power conference with Prime Minister Eden and Premier Mollet in Washington to repair some of the damage done by the Suez mess. When Hoover learned of this he communicated with Secretary Dulles in Walter Reed Hospital, and Dulles persuaded the President to withdraw the invitation already extended to Eden, Hoover's and Dulles's strategy was partly to curry f-ivor with the Arab world, partly to punish the French and British for acting without consulting the United States. This, incidentally, was one reason the French and British got so sore when Dulles in Paris last week reserved the right to act without consulting our allies.

Other high officials approved the Hoover Near East policies. In addition to Dulles, Vice President Nixon was plugging for close friendship with-the Asian-African bloc. So was UN ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge. But Hoover, "the oil performed the chief day- to-day spadework on a policy which was to send Anglo-American relations to the lowest point since the British fleet threatened to up the Northern blockade against the South in 1864 and was blocked chiefly by the Russian fleet which, (or one whole summer, lay off New York harbor protecting the United Stales from England. The "Big Rich Ain't" Mr Servants, Either PALM BEACH, Fla.

And now. as I wave a fond farewell to Florida's Gold Coast, I would like to add a footnote to the social history of our times: The "big rich" ain't what they used to be. When I first came to Palm Beach as a society reporter in 1929, the "big rich" used to jack up the sky 50 the limit would be higher. Life was gay and gaudy. People lived in mansions attended by an army of servants.

And at Bradley's, Mrs. Graham Fair Vanderbilt, her mask of boredom never slipping, could wager $85,000 on the fall of a card at chemin de fer, and a gentleman during the season could lose $900,000 at roulette without causing comment. The Depression years turned the damper down a bit, but the income tax was really a cloud no bigger than a man's hand in those years. And I am convinced that the great leveler in the U.S.A. in the past 16 years has been (1) the income tax and (2) the servant problem, dilemmas (hat never bothered the "big rich" in the- days before World War II.

It is no secret that in the upper income brackets, the income tax acts like a suction sweeper. But even if the income tax were abolished tomorrow, the greatest vanishing act in the U.S.A.--that of the domestic servant- would forever put the Indian sign on the old way of life. In capsule form, the history of what has happened to the "big rich" on the Gold Coast is contained in the fate of the last million-dollar mansion built in Palm Beach. It was built in the mid-30s by the late Joseph E. Widener, who enriched the whole nation when he be- queathed his extraordinary art collection to the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.

C. The mansion included 40 servants' rooms. Less than 15 years after it was built, Widener's heirs sold the palazzo for 570,000. Even if they had wanted to live in it or could have afforded its upkeep, where today can anyone get, much less keep, 40 servants? One to three servants is par for the course now. As their builders die, the great mansions are boarded up, or they come em the market, are sold, torn down and make way for subdivisions of houses ranging in price from $25,000 to $75,000, a sum that would scarcely have built a decent 10-car garage for any member of the Old Guard.

(The senior partner of J. P. Morgan, the late E. T. Stotesbury, had a 20-car garage.) After Uncle Sam takes his cut today and after the fifth cook gives notice in four weeks, the "big rich" are ready to settle for a house and a life that would have been regarded as Spartan between the two World Wars.

However, all things are relative, and one man's Spartan is another man's spectacular. Bradley's may be gone forever and butlers may be hard to come by, but people still lead the rich, full life here, even if they have to dish up the caviar and open the champagne by themselves. If the "big rich" ain't what they used to be, there are more medium-to-rare rich than ever before, since the Palm Beach colony has quadrupled since I first saw it. I attribute it all to free enterprise and cold-weather claustrophobia--or fear of red flannels. Guerilla Warfare Ahead By Roscoe Drummond WASHINGTON It now begins to seem that the brutal intervention of the Red Army by no means ended the Hungarian story.

Instead, it seems possible that an effective, nationwide guerilla movement will be organized there. And if the astonishing Hungarians succeed in organizing such a movement the West as well as the Soviets will be faced with an appallingly difficult decision. For if the Hungarian revolt had been no more than a flash in the pan, quickly and easily suppressed, mere words would have been enough. But if the resistance continues, United States and its allies are going to have to decide what, if anything, to do about it. The Hungarians appear to be brilliantly turning Soviet techniques against the Soviets.

For the Soviets, unlike the American military, lake guerilla action very seriously indeed as a technique of warfare. When he was War Minister under Stalin, Soviet Premier Bulganin boasted that the Soviet Union possessed "an entirely novel doctrine of warfare" which would permit the Kremlin to gain its ends "without resort to regular army The "novel doctrine" was, of course, based on guerilla tactics. The "novel doctrine" goes back to Lenin, who wrote that "guerilla warfare is the inevitable form of struggle when the mass movement has reached the stage of The doctrine has worked well for the Communists. Communist guerillas have harried Western positions from Malaya to Greece. And at a three Communist guerilla leaders Tito of Yugoslavia.

Ho Chi Minh of Indochina, and Mao Tse Tung of China have fought their way (o full power. In a remarkable treatise on guerilla warfare, Mao Tse Tung has laid down the requirements for effective guerilla action. One is the support of the mass of the people. "Guerillas are like fish," Mao wrote, "and the people are the water in which the fish swim. If the temperature of the water is right the fish will multiply and flourish." The temperature of the water is wholly right in Hungary the bitter Hungarians hate the Soviet conquerors to a man.

But guerillas need arms as well as hate. The Hungarian resistance now has considerable stocks of weapons, since about three quarters of the Hungarian army went over to the rebels. For the time being but only for the time being it is believed here, the Hungarians have enough weapons to mount effective guerilla operations. If they do so, the Soviets can adopt either of two tactics. They can, if they will, make a Carthaginian peace, in effect destroying Hungary as a nation.

But they cannot half-destroy Hungary. A tactic of limited frightfulncss is the worst way to deal with guerillas, as the Nazis discovered. Such isolated acts -of frightfulness as the murder of all the inhabitants of the village of Oradour-Sur-Glane, for example, and the deportation of only a few hundreds of thousands of Frenchmen to a greatly strengthened the French wartime resistance. There are obvious reasons why the Soviets may hesitate to adopt a tactic of total frightfulness. The alternative is the policy which the Germans in the end adopted throughout the German wartime empire.

It is to try to hold only the larger cities and the main lines of communication, relying on forays into the guerilla- held countryside to wear down and eventually destroy the resistance. This policy did not work for the Germans because the allies airdropped tons of supplies to the anti-Nazi resistance. But it unquestionably will ultimately work for the Russians, if the Hungarian resistance is not likewise supplied. And this is why the prospect of a continuing Hungarian resistance may confront the West with an appalling choice. If an effective Hungarian resistance e- raent is established, its leaders will surely ask the United Nations, which has already condemned and declared illegal the Soviet action in Hungary, for assistance.

Assistance cannot possibly be supplied covertly. One expert guess is that it would take 150 aircraft sorties a month, and an elaborate logistic system, to supply a serious guerilla force in Hungary. And any such operation would obviously involve, among other risks, the risk of world war. The alternative Is to stand idly by while the Soviets grind the Hungarian resistance slowly into bits. No doubt standing idly by is sometimes the better part of wisdom.

But it may be as unpleasant as disregarding the cries of a small animal caught in a trap, while it is worried to death by a large one. At the very least, the Soviets should not be assured (as Secretary Dulles assured them when Poland exploded) that we will never in any circumstances do anything at all but talk. (Copyright W56 New York Herald Tribune. Inc.) Good Old All officers of the Butzer Packing plant were re-elected including C. B.

Dodge, president; B. I. Litowich, vice-president; Charles F. Dodds, secretary and general manager; Ben Boles, treasurer; C. G.

Dorst, director. Excavation has begun for the new Price Brothers grocery store at the northwest corner of Front and Iron. LAWRENCE Ad Lindsey's job as football coach at Kansas University was considered safe for another year today after a meeting of the athletic board. Temperature, 34 at 2 pm; a year ago, 22 degrees. They'll Do It Every Time By Jimmy Hatlo OH, LOOK-TUB NEW SPRlHG STYLES- LOS6 SILHOUETTE WITH JUST4SU6- 6EST10M OP UE4N- BUSTLE '04MES WE4C? 6E4R IP THE 1 TO BE (BEHIND TWE ME MEMFOUK 6ET A L4RGE CHUCKLE OUT4 THE W4V THE 64LS 60 64-64 OVER THE NEW F4SHIOMS- At The Movies Walm "Tension At Table Rock" Richard Egan and Dorothy Malone.

Ends Wednesday. Have and Have Not" with Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall. Ends Wednesday. On" and "No Place To Ends Wednesday. of No Return" and "The Long Gray Ends Tuesday.

Tops Yn TV MONDAY Danny Thomas fifcow--Danny runs into trouble as a master of ceremonies of a Cub Scout show. Channel 10, 7 pm. I Love Lucy--Lucy, Ricky, Fred and Ethel are drafted for Little Ricky's kindergarten class Christmas show. Channel 12, 8 pm. Studio One Barry Sullivan stars as a retired middleweight champion who returns to the ring in Channel 12, 9 pm.

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