New England Farmer du lieu suivant : Boston, Massachusetts • 1

A FAMILY NEWSPAPER- FOR THE FARM, FIELD AND FIRESIDE. VOLUME BOSTON, SATURDAY MORNING, AUGUST 26, 1871. ESTABLISHED, 1822. RE-ISSUED. 1849.

NUMBER 34. XXVI. JSTEW SERIES. llcfo (L-ncjtanir Jf armor. PIBLISHEU WEEKLY BI R.

P. EATOX CO. No. 34 Merchants' How, Boston, Mass. From the Prairi Farmer.

IN MY GARDEN. BT MRS. II E. O. ABET.

In my garden in my garden, with the lilien of Japan, Wiih the waxeu-lipped from the plajo ot HiiKltn-tan, Sha-iowed hy thrir princely beauty, bat to me more fweet than these, Bloom ihe tender-eyed bine violets, and the wood anemones. That I fondled in my childhood, underneath the forett treta. a And the paewrs lounging down ihe borders, frill to t-ee, 'Mid the tosa of gorgeous flower-sprays, that whicb so delijfhteth me. But sometimes a dreamer cometh, sauntering down the sweet derile, Ueediug scarce my pinks and roses; but I see hJm pauite and emile. Where the pale-faced blossoms wave their censers by the garden aisle.

And I know bis ear has caught the story that they tell to ne, And his spirit bows enraptured at a shrine no ey can see, There are visions trooping round him, of some long forgotten hour; There the past's dead marbles quicken Into life with magic power. For Oi.livion's cells are opened by the fragrance of a flowwr. a region where hay is in demand, may be devoted to grass more advantageously than if employed with most other crops. On the other hand, we are inclined to think that on lighter loams a proper rotation of crops, well manured and tended, would afibrd more profit than by turning over the sod and reseeding at once with grass. Two or three other things come to the aid of Mr.

Brown which most of us do not enjoy. He inherited a tract of excellent land some of it in good order other portions had never been reclaimed. The buildings were in fair condition, and along with these a sufficient money capital, we understand, to manage the estate as he pleased. All these he has economized, and adding to them industry and skill, has probably increased the value of both. Then he has sixty acres of salt marsh.

This needs no re-seeding, ploughing or fencing. Taxes upon it are light, and the only cost of its products are the cutting, making and hauling. What this hay is worth in the barn per ton we do not know. Perhaps half the value of the best upland hay. Some of the marshes produce a ton to the acre but if only one-half that, there are thirty tons, equal to the whole crop harvested on a great many of the New England farms These are advantages which most of us have not realized, but advantages of which he ha made good use, husbanding them with ability and skill, and proving what the soil is capable of producing when generously managed.

With his fine farm, amiable family, pleasant garden and other attractive surroundings, is a true home and the "gateway to heaven." cles nearly smooth, angular, ascending. Pedicels divaricated, sometimes branched, green, white or purple, furnibbed with a small linear bracte at base, and twoothers in the middle. Calyx wrae. Corolla resembling a calyx, whitish, consMing of five round-ovate, concave, in nrving petals. Stamens ten, rather shorter than the petals, with white, roundish, two-lolied anthers.

Germ greenish, round, depressed, ten furrowed. Styles ten, short, recurved. 'I he flowers are succeeded by long clusters of dark purple berries, almost black, depressed or flattened, and marked with ten furrows on the sides. Koad-sides. July, August.

Perennial. The root is a violent emetic Indian Poke. KLLf bore. Vtratrum viride. Panicle downy; partial bractes lon-rer than their pedicels.

Segments of the corolla thickened on the inside at Itase. A large, green, leafy plant, not uncommon in meadows and swamps. The root is thick and fleshy, its upper portion tuiticated, its lower half solid and sending forth a multitude of large, whitish radicles. '1 he stem is from three to five feet high, roundish, solid, striated and pulwscent. throughout the greater part of its length it is closely invested with the sheathing liases of the leaves.

1 he lower leaves are large, from half a foot to afoot long, oval, acuminate, pubescent, strongly plaited and nerved the lower part of their edges meeting round their stem. The upper leaves become gradually narrower, and the uppermost, which perform the office of bractes, are linear-lanceolate. he flowers are numerous and distributed in compound racemes, axillary from the upper leaves, and terminal the whole forming a sort of panicle. Peduneles roundish, downy. Bractes boat-shaped, acuminate, downy.

'1 he pedicel of each flower is many times shorter than its bracte. Calyx none. Corolla divided into six green, oval, acute, nerved figments, of which the alternate ones are longest. All the segments are contracted at base into a sort of claw with a thickened or cartilaginous edge, stamens six, with recurved filaments and roundish, two-lobed anthers. Germs three, cohering, with acute recurved styles as long as the stamens.

A part of the flowers are barren and have only the rudiments of styles, so that the plant is strictly polygamous. The seed vessel consifts of three capsules united together, separating at top and opening on their inner side. Seeds flat, imbricated. -June. Perennial.

The root of this plant, when taken internally, produces violent effects, and is dangerous in considerable quantities. It is chiefly used in the country as an external application in cutaneous affections. From its great affinity in habit to the Veratrum album, an European species, which has lately acquired considerable celebrity as a remedy in gout; the American plant is particularly entitled AGRICULTURAL ITEMS. Hop lice are very plenty in the vicinity of Kilboura, and the hop growers think they will greatly injure the crop. A Maine farmer collects a bushel of grasshoppers daily for his hogs.

Scalded, they make a soup that the swine swallow with a relish The California Farmer of July 27, notices the arrival in San Francisco of Commissioner Capron, on his way to Japan, under his $20,000 per year commission to that country. The University of Vermont decides to admit women to its privileges, on terms to be fixed by the Faculty. The Waterville, College has decided to do the same thing. A farmer near Lcwiston, lately sold thirty tonsof hay for $30 a ton, and thus pocketed at once $900 There is quite a panic in that vicinity about hay, and some people predict that it will sell for 9 f0 a ton yet. A Western paper Bays The harvest of human limbs by reapers in Iowa this year, is the most tremendous one ever known.

We have tallied for every separate one reported in our exchanges, and the number is twenty-three The Western Rural in speaking of the Colorado potato bug say's there is much encouragement in the fact that the persistent fight which has been kept up against them has been far successful that their inroids will not seriously affect tht potato crop this season at the West. The Prairie Farmer says, our last quotations for pork was $14 per barrel at this time last year it was quick at $30. Corn then was worth 93 cents per bushel, now it is hard to dispose of it foi 60 cents, and the market has a decidedly downward tendency. Now oats are sold at 40 centg, then they were worth 52 cents. Rye is worth about 57 cents against 85 cents last year.

Oik year ago cheese was 13 cents, now 9 cents a pound. The oldest tree on record in Europe, is asserted to be the cypress oTSomma, in Lombaidy, Italy. This tree is believed to luue been in existence ai thatimeof Julius Csssar, forty-two years befort Christ, and is therefore 1911 years old. It is 106 feet in height, and 20 feet in circumference at one foot from the ground. Napoleon, when laying HONET LOCUST OR THREE-THORNED ACACIA.

They sometimes congregate in large numbers. They live on milk weeds, and do not injure useful plants. PAFIXIO A8TERIAB. Naturalists depend mostly on the characteristics of the butterfly to determine the species. The chrysalis and papa of different species are often very similar in appearance.

Mr. Harris describes the butterfly which issues from your greyish and green chrysalis as follows: It is of a black color, with a double row of yellow dots on the back a broad band, composed of yellow spots across the wings, and a row of yellow spots near the hind margin the hind wings are tailed, and have seven blue spots between the yellow band and the outer row of yellow spots, and, near their hinder angle, an eye-like spot of an orange color with a black centre and the spots of the under side are tawny orange. The female differs from the male, above described, in having only a few small and distinct yellow spots on the upper side of the wings. The wings of this butterfly expand from three and a half to four inches. The caterpillar of this butterfly lives on parsley, carrot, parsnips, caraway, and is sometimes called the parsley-worm.

They sometimes injure the plants considerably. The eggs, laid in July and August, are hatched soon afterwards, and after attaining their growth become chrysalids, and are transformed to butterflies about the beginning of June the next year. Gathering and destroying by hand is the only known method of preventing their ravages. THE FITE-SPOTTED HAWK-MOTH. Since we wrote our reply to the inquiry of Mr.

H. G. Ballou, of Lunenburg, for name of a large butterfly that he enclosed in his letter, we have obtained the following cut, which, though coarsely engraved, illustrates not only the butterfly, but the caterpillar and the chrysalis stages through which it passed; and also some of the parasites which disturb its peace and destroy its life. All butterflies and moths deposit their eggs and die; from these eggs hatch caterpillars, which have strong jaws and voracious appetites; they eat and row till the time comes for them to take a nap; in their sleeping dress, which is of various patterns and colors, they are called chrysalids or chrysalis from this stupor they come forth with four scaly or powdery wings and mount into the air in the gaudy dress of butterflies. Their strong jaws are gone coarse food is no longer relished they are decidedly aristocratic in their associations, and fastidious in their tastes, sipping the honey of flowers, they appear determined to have a gay time of it generally they deposit their eggs for a succession of their species, and diiappear from the stage of action.

sucker its branches are strong, rarely if ever breaking under the strongest gales of wind assumes to itself the privilege of growing in many shapes, from that of a tall, branching, and lofty character, to one of almost horizontal form. In foliage it is light and open, feathery, and together with its wood studded with long pointed thorns, and seed pods of five or six inches in length, which hang on all winter, create for it a tree very desirable in the composition of groups, and also for roadsides or streets where only a partial, not deep, hade is desirable. SIMON BROWX, Agriccxttral Editoe. FLKTCIIEIi, Assistant Ao. Editor.

liCSSKLL J. EATOX, General Ebitok. ADVANCE PAYMENTS. Ot'B will please noU' particularly tlie date opjMisiic ihcir names, on tlie paor. It piifies the titite to irhirh thty htrc paid, liy our terms, money paid jiftt tln ee months from such date must be at the rue of $3 year.

It is hardly necessary to add that $1.25 at the end of six months jtays for only Jive month? paper. Money sent by mail, when properly sealed and direct-d, is at ottr risk. Money orders, or drafts for large auiaunU, payable to our order, are preferred. Notice. Is reply to inquiries, we would say that the Farveb will be sent to all subscribers until a discontinuance is ordered.

The date to which payment is made is given on each paper, so that every subscriber can ascertain for himself the time when Ins subscription ends. All money sent us within three months of the commencement of the uhscriptiun will be regarded as in advance. We would abo Mate that our loweitt and only term are given on ur third page. We have no Club Terms. We have fixed our rules as low as the times will allow, and we five eur readers their full money's worth.

tlif See Third Page for Terms, Ate. -ff KtiIrritMTM ill olrve the date on the labels wiih which their papers arc addressed. This date is the time to which the subscription is paid. When a new payment is made, tin ilute will le inime-riiutt-Ey illK'rt'il, so that the label i a constant receipt in full for the tiuio which the subscriber has paid. Subscribers noticing any error in their dates, will please notify us at once, as mistakes are much more easily comctud when pointed out soon after their oc-urrenca.

tutorial A GOOD FARM AND A GOOD FARMER. ooi farms, we find, are not always cultivated by good farmers. On such farms, the proprietors are general!) enabled to make a fair living, in virtu of the generosity of the soil itself, rather than from any special skill in their cultivation or management. During our June rambles among the farmers, it was our good fortune to find upon one of the old estates in Rockingham County, N. a whule-hearted, industrious and liberal farmer, owning and managing an excellent farm.

There are many such, no doubt, but there are many more who are not such. Mr. Warren Brown, of Hampton Falls, N. owns and occupies the estate upon which he exercises his skill. He is still a a young man, not "having arrived at middle life.

The farm contains 300 acres. Of this, 17.5 acres are in pasture and woodland. In salt marsh, CO acres. In grass for mowing, 60 acres. The stock of the farm consists of twenty-three cattle, mostly short-horns or grades of that blood two horses thirty-three swine, plenty of poultry and a fine flock of Southdown sheep.

The buildings are a nicely-preserved and convenient old-fashioned house, which gave evidence that it had always been in careful hands a barn 130 feet long, with an ample shed its whole length on one side for the farm-carts, wagons, rollers, and on the other side slunh for hog-yards, manure, and especially as a deposit fur a large amount of vegetable matter, which is converted into fertilizers for the fields. Besides these principal buildings, there an ample wood and carriage houses, granary, ami a large vinegar and boiler-house. Some 500 barrels of cider were stored in the vinegar-house last fall, a considerable portion of which he purchased. Mr. Brown stated that his constant and persistent effort is to accumulate manure.

Thic is his object in keeping swine. These are always supplied with muck, rich loam, and every sort of vegetable matter which they can work over and make available as a fertilizer. The droppings of the stalls are thrown into sheds, where they are worked over and mingled with-each other by the swine. If tht pork sells for the cost of keeping, his object is attained with regard to this branch of stock. In addition to this source of fertilizing agents, he has purchased and used upon hih own farm 8,000 bushels of leached ashes during the past ten years, and has brought into his town and sold to farmers there as much more during the same period! He styles himself "the manure man," firmly believing that profitable farming consists in getting large crops from comparatively small portions of land.

As a help in this direction, he has laid about 15,000 tile! In passng through a large field most luxuriantly clothed with two or three members of the party remarked that less than ten years ago a portion of it was full of springs, a stony quagmire, cold, sprinkled th hassocks and coarse water-grasses, and its appearance in every way worthless and disagreeable. The water from many acres above, came down upon it from the surface, and through the year was oozing out from tht higher portions. This kept the lower portion continually wet, and formed a congenial home for the plants mentioned, and for the croaking and slippery animals who prefer such surroundings! Now the ground was covered -with herds-grass just coming into bloom, and so thick as to impede our passage through it! Thanks the drainage, the ashes and the work of tht wine. He had laid stone drains, but did noi think them economical. His tile drains work admirably, and when once well laid he considers the work done for many years.

Butter is made by the family. Much of the farm work is done by two pair of stalwart oxen. He sells fifty tons of hay yearly, and thinks he will be able to sell a hundred tons annually, and at the same time keep his present amount of stock, when his practice has been continued through a few more years. That is, by the continued use of the leached ashes, in connection with heavy manuring, he will be able to double the present crops. This, we think, he will not Ze able to do on most of the fields over which we passed, but may accomplish it on lands which have not yet been much worked.

In accordance with a practice which has prevailed to a large extent over New England, he formerly broke up grass lands, manured, planted with corn and potatoes, and then seeded to grass with some kind of grain. Contrary to the commonly received opinion, be thought this course exhausted the soil, and was not a good preparation for the grass crop. With these views, he ploughs in August, manures, pulverizes finely, uses leached ashes, sometimes a hundred bushels to the acre, sows the seed liberally and then rolls the land. After all, so much depends upon the nature of the soil, that a practice which has proved highly successful on one farm might not be at all applicable on a farm immediately adjoining. Mr.

Brown's farm is natural grass land a moist, heavy loam, commonly called a grrflnirp "oil. Such a is nndotihtMTr hptter This tree in Pennsylvania and in the more Southern States is highly prized for the beauty of its foliage, small flowers, and long pods which contain polished seeds invested in a sweetish pulp, which, fermented, is made into a sort of beer. It has been employed in making hedges, and with good success. The harp spines or thorns with which the body And branches are covered are found effectual in keeping off such animals as would intrude on the enclosed grounds. Sir.

Elliott says in his Lawn and Shade Trees, that the Honey Locust, is a tree that does not have been made by assiduous and persevering workers, by men long accustomed to handiwork. It is only a vigorous mind, in a healthy, vigorous body, under the guidar.ee of a conscientious spirit, which can be relied upon for energetic and effective management. It is oiily under the guidance of leaders of integrity, character, educated intelligence and vigorous, manly energy, that operations of war or peace can be carried on so as to command success. The men engaged in the work must be not only able to respect their officers for tneir knowledge and intelligence, to rely upon them for their justice and integrity, but io look up to them as men who can do and have done tht: work themselves, and thus understand all its difficulties and can sympathize with thoj-e doing it. Everything indicates that the time i coming when the employer and the employed are to be no longer considered as men uf diOerent classes and with dilTerent rights.

There must be a completely good under-tainling between them as friends working together for the same ends. Ci. B. B. For the A'tto England Former.

"AMONG THE MOUNTAINS." Yes here wc are in Lincoln fairly located among the mountains. They loom up on every side. Femigewasset flows singing by the old farm house door. Tall sugar maples chade the road, and are handsome, oh, so handsome I And more than that, we have eaten "maple honey" made from their sweet juice last spring, anil found it superior to any think we can buy at home of that kind. A genuine old-faioned farm is this owned by John I utile, a good-hearted, intelligent -peeiuien of a Yankee.

Kind-hearted and trenerouf, they gave us the best the house af forded, intereted themselves in our journey, and when we left thein it was with regret on our part, and good wishes on theirs. Mr. Tut tie's father came to Lincoln when it was a wilderness. His mother is still alive and lives with him, a smart, energetic old lady of eighty-four, I believe. Her husband has been dead some six years.

Mrs. Tultl'1, minor, allows the old lady to still think she at the head of tlie establiiment indulges her notion that she has all the care, and manages things admirably. An adopted daughter is the only scholar in the district. During the war Lincoln contained seven voters, four of them went into the army of their own free will, and one of the three remaining at home was drafted ill. Tuttle's farm comprises about five hundred acres, some mowing, some tillage, and a great deal mountain wooland.

They sell wood standing to companies who cut it, get it into the river and float it down upon the swollen stream during the spring freshet. Oh, I wish I could convey to my readers just barely an idea uf the place of being there upon the farm of seeing implements for making sugar, cutting and hauling wood, catching wild animals, occ. The freshness of every thing the lovely green of the intervals the rushing, brawling river, upon a stony bed. Every bit of dirt having been washed out of the bed of all these mountain streams, they come singing along in a way wholly unlike our Massachusetts brooks, clear as crystal, of course, and cool as ice-water. AH along upon our route we found an abundance of water.

Little rills come trickling down the mountain side, and kind hands have guided them into troughs for the accommodation of the thirsty animals chancing to go that way. With the aid of a tumbler in our carriage, we could supply ourselves at the same stream with the clear, cool, sparkling draught, free of cost. But to return to the farm. Seated by a snapping, crackling fire in the fire-place of the kitchen, we listened to Grandma Tuttle as she told of by-gone days, when she came there a bride, and helped "clear up" the land for a farm when she planted potatoes amid the black logs of the clearing and got a splendid crop when she had nothing to eat but potatoes and salt when tea and coffee were luxuries almost unknown, and flour a thing entirely unknown to them, as far as using it was con cerned. Plymouth was, and is, their nearest market.

-Neighbors were few and far be tween, being two and a half miles one way and one mile the other. Bears and wolves were plenty, and caught their calves and lamb, making sad work with them. Indeed they have been obliged to give up raising -beep entirely, and the old lady was mourning over her departed chickens that the skunk had stolen from the barrel where she had shut them up. We etaid with rarmer Juttle and his family from Saturday night until Monday morning, passing a quiet day of rest among the mountains and brooks, away from the hum of business and stir bf active humanity attending hur- only under the shadow of the grand old mountains, and hearing of God only in the echoes from the inouutaiu tops and babble of the wandering water. Mommy morning we started on our way.

refreshed in body and mind the horses in uood trim, and everything all right, liode up about four miles, when we came to the Flume-house able, put the good steeds in and started to find "The Pool." A wild, ruL'ged path led to it. It is beautiful, hidden as it is far away frmn the haunts of man, but not wasting "itself upon the desert air." rietures of it give but a poor idea of the grandeur of its high walls and cool depths. Coming out we came acro-s a man who styled himelf rrotessor Aiemii." lie had stereoscopic pictures of White Mountain scenery to sell. nelieves this world is a mure hollow ball, with a large opening at each end, wherein the air rushes to keep alive a race or human beings not unlike ourselves; thinks the time is not far distant when his theory will be proved and believed the Arctic explorer. Hall, will find the opening this time, and let the world know the truth.

After leaving him we went into another path to find the Flume. A good carriage road extends in about half, a mile. The path then grows uneven and rugged, when all at once you come upon what 1 should call a bilver Cascade." Wonder of wonders Great flat granite rocks, large as a house floor, quite steep and worn smooth by the water, over whose surface a thin sheet of wa ter poured, sparkling and glittering in The morning sun so lovely so wonderful and entirely unheard of by our party. Why is it that no one has spoken of it, and told the world of its beauty. Perhaps others are not as much entranced by it as we were.

Leaving it we went on in pursuit of the Flume, knowing that by following this stream up we must come to it, as it seemed reasonable to suppose it was the same water that flowed through that wonderful chasm. Mrs. S. B. Sawyer.

West Amctlmry, July 17, 1871. P. S. In speakine of Farmer TuttleX I have not spoken of it as a stopping place for the weary traveller, as it in reality is. The Profile House is nine miles farther on.

When there you must come back to the Pool and flume, and pay for cominir. You must ra- main at the Profile House a good while longer to see all the sights, and pay higher for board than st Tunic's. The fivr Tnttlc od RAISING SEEDS. From a description of the seed-raising farm of Edwin S. Hayward of Brighton, N.

near Rochester, written by the editor of the American Rural Home, we condense the following Beets for Seed. Of these he has twenty acres, and we never saw a crop look finer. The varieties are long blood, blood turnip, Bassano and long red mangel wurtzel. lie has grown for many years, and to the entire satisfaction of purchasers, but not to his own, from common stock, but last year he threw it up entirely, and substituted French stock all through, at a cost of over $1000. It takes two years to raise a crop of seed.

The first year the roots are grown. For this purpose the seed is sown with a drill about the 15th of June, on ridges two feet apart. They are sown thus late, and rather thick, as the object is to get small, healthy roots rather than large ones. Small beets are just as good to raise seeds from, and the storage and handling cost much less, in the fall they are pulled and topped, care being taken not to cut so close as to injure tho crown. They are then carted and pitted in the field, where they are to be set in the spring, the pits being distributed around the field so that they can be taken from the pits to the drill in which they are to be set, without the aid of a team.

This saes much labor, as it takes aDout 100 bushels to the acre. Great care is taken while the roots are being handled to see that they are true. If a turnip beet grows too long, or a long beet too short, it is discarded, 'ihey are set in rows three and a half feet one way, and from one and-a-half to two feet the other, according to habit of growth. All horse work must be done by the 20th of June, as there is not room to get through later than that without damage. If weeds appear after this they are pulled out When the seed is ripe enough the crop is cut at tlie root, and laid in small bunches across the ridges, where it remains two or three days to dry.

It is then drawn to the barn and threshed with an ordinary threshing machine, and cleaned with a fanning mill. From two to three tons are threshed and cleaned in a day. It is afterwards spread and dried, and has an extra cleaning for market. A good crop from the French stock is 1500 pounds an acre. His crop of all seeds is always contracted before planting, so that he knows just huw much to plant, and where to put it when harvested.

There is no safety of doing otherwise in sued growing. Tlie contract price is twenty cents a pound or $400 a ton. Onions. The seed is sown in drills two feet apart, and quite thick in the drill on rich ground, top-dressed with fine manure after ploughing. The onions should be ripe in August, when they are pulled and thoroughly cured on the ground.

They are set out in rows three and a-half feet apart, and nearly touching each other in the row, from the loth of October to the 15th of After setting, a furrow is turned from each side on to the rows with a small plough, leaving the onions in the ridge. It takes about 100 bushels to set au acre. The White Globe and Danvers being more tender varieties than the others, are not set till spring. They are kept under cover until frozen hard, when they are put in barrels and kept frozen during the winter. If allowed to thaw out before spring, it damages them very much.

If the freezing and thawing is repeated, it spoils them entirely. The yield is from 400 to 600 pounds, and the price from 75 cents to $1.50 a pound. Lettuce. Fifteen acres of leiu.cc in the blow, standing over two feet high, in rows two and a-half feet apart, and as straight as a line across the field, is not a common sight, but one that can be seen every year on Mr. Hay ward's farm.

The ground for this crop is prepared as early as it will work well in the spring. The seed is sown on ridges, and the plants thinned when they have attained suitable size, from three to twelve inches in the rows, according to habit of growth. The yield, if anything, is from 3)0 to 400 pounds, which sells for 75 cents. But this is a ticklish crop, and one which causes the grower a great deal of anxiety. It is one of those "doubtful things" that "are mighty uncertain.

It may promise a splendid crop until a few days before cutting time, and then suddenly and not give a pound of seed. The indications of blight are first seen in the leaves next to tlie ground, which turn black. When this comes, hope goes. There is no remedy. The varieties now growing are Early Curled Silesian, Iioston Curl, Frankfort, Ferry's Prize Head, Victoria Cabbage, Royal Cabbage, and Drumhead.

Gabbage. The seed for plants js sown from the 1st to the 20th of July, and set out in about four weeks. These may be grown on ground from which some of the more early maturing crops have been taken. With cabbage, as with tlie beets and onions, it is an object to get a small but healthy growth large ones would be altogether too bulky. They are taken up in the fall and put in trenches across the field, in which they are to be set in the spring.

A light covering of dirt is given them. In the spring they are set eighteen inches apart in rows three and a-half feet from each other. The whole cabbage is put out, being set in the ground up to the head. It is cut as soon as the seed turns black in the pods, which is from the 20th to the 25 of July. The yield is from 200 to 400 pounds per acre.

The varieties under culture are the Marblehcad Drumhead, Stone Mason Drumhead, Ameri can Drumhead, Premium Flat Dutch, Early innigstaut aim kany akeueld. Sweet Corn. The growing of sweet corn is made a spe cialty, and the crops, thirteen acres in all, on the two larms, were looking very fine. AU the choice and new varieties, early and late, are found in his list, aud the seed is cured with great care. Squashes.

The plots devoted to smiashes were we" worth looking at, and we have seldom seer, anything handsomer than the White Scollops, which had nearly attained their full size. These, with the Summer Golden Crook Necks, are planted four feet apart each way, and the Hubbard six feet. Unwearied pains is taken to keep the seed true and pure. When tho frost kills the vines, the squashes are split open with a hatchet, and the in sides dug out and put in barrels, where they remain until fermentation takes place, when they are taken to the brook and Getting Wet. BalVs Journal of Health sensibly discourses Summer showers fre quently overtake persons and "wet thorn to the skin;" it is then safer to walk steadily and rapidly on, until the clothes become dry again, man to stop under the shelter and remain there still until tlie storm is over.

If home is reached while the clothing is yet wet. take some hot drink instantly, a pint or more; go to the kitchen fire, remove every garment, rub the whole body with a coarse towel or flannel, put on woolen underclothing, get into bed, wrap up warm, and take another hot drink then go to sleep, if at night if in the dav time. get up in an hour, dress and be active" for the remainder of the day. Suppose you sit still in the damp clothing in a few minutes chilliness is observed, the cold "strikes in," and next morning there is a violent cold, or an attack of pleurisy or pneumonia which, if fatal in a week, often require weeks and months and weary years to get rid of. The short, sharp rule should be, if the clothing Pfs wet.

rhanjre imtantlr. rr wnrk or walk tea and coffee, and plenty of everything. Many men of means prefer going there to stopping at the Profile House, B. F. Butler, for example.

a. u. a. For the Nero England Farmer. GLOOMY POSPECT IN KENNEBEC, MAINE.

'0, the grasshoppers the grasshoppers is the universal cry of the Kennebec farmers. I trust they may be excused for some grumbling and some foreboding, when we take into consideration the facts that the drought oi lorfU cut tne nay crop down at least one- third that all the surplus of all kinds of grain was consumed to get the stock through the winter, so that the spring of 1871 found us completely destitute of all kinds of feed that the drought of the present season cut our bay down nearly one-half from last year; and that alter all this, the grasshoppers have eaten our gram, many ot our potatoes, our gardens, including fruit trees together with the fruit. and in some caes the bark, leaving us nothinj to depend upon but our coin; and now, as to give a finishing stroke to both our crops aud our patience, they have "tione for" the corn, and there is every prospect of their completely destroying it. We are now found with too mu'h stock by hail, worth next to nothing, and from hi scarcity of feed, so thin as to he unsalable wiih probably the smallest amount of dairv products foe twenty years; with a very light crop ot apples, and with hired labor ami taxes to be paid from the hard earnings- uf past vears. laking the whole thing into consider ation the prospect is for the coming winter anyimng out nattering.

Now, what shall we do? Jt is no use to whine. Grumbling never cured a dog of a sore head, nor ever will. The old county of ivuiiueueu is to ue euuivuiU aim liupruveu ny someoooy tne imure, as the pat. It has hitherto a Horded us a good living, and generally a small balance on the right side of the ledger, at the close of the year. JSow, instead of desponding, or borrowing trouble, or emigrating, let us occupy the present au tumn in preparing for the campaign of next year.

Clean up The ewafes clear oti thi rocks: dig out the muck; replenish the hog pens and stock yards, do it often, and plough or fork it over once or twice each month or oftener. Economize every available source ot iertility upon your own premises and buy as your means or opportunities allow We must expect a short crop of hay for a few years but instead of being discouraged at this, let it rather be an incentive to greater enorts in omer uirections to supply the deficiency. Prepare for next year, and let the mistakes and failures of the past serve as warnings tor the tuture. The scourge that has visited us this year, it it serves no other purpose, ought to reiunn us that after all our own eflbrts, we are still dependent upon a vastly higher power that we be permitted to reap the truit of our labors. D.

H. Thing. Mt. Vernon, Aug. 10, 1871.

For the Ktto England Farmer. HOW TO RAISE LARGE CROPS OF HAT. From dilTerent parts of New England we hear a great deal about the short hay crop this year, aud, indeed, we hear it every year among a certain class of slack farmers, who wear their fathers' old shoes, walk in the same old footsteps and cling to the same old ideas. There has been thousands of acres of grass cut this year in New England that will not average one half ton per acre. The farmer that pays 2 per day for help in haying cannot aiioru to go on in tins way.

I do not wish to find fault with farmers, but vi 1:1 ii j.i 4i wouiu hkv lu ieu uieiu su mem nig. ii is no secret they can in turn tell others that is, how easy it is to have a bountiful hay crop to have their barns well hiled their cattle fat and sleek always ready for sale their' debts paid, and consequently, their sleep sweet and undisturbed. Farmers, as a class, work too much and think too little. They try to mow over too much land, without having it in a suitable con dition, hey start wrong at the beginning. They manure very lightly, sow on a small amount of seed and leave the surface rough, me stones lying broadcast alt over the surface.

and feed the grass close in the spring because they did not have hav enough the previou year and no money to buy with. Hence, the the caltle were so poor that they had to recruit on the grass or they wouiu die. Now, the farmer who has long practiced this way can turn over a new leaf if he will try. In the first place, don't be too fast. Nothing is ever gained bv hurrving.

Don't expect to do everything at once, but be patient and persevering and all will come right in due time, in the first place, beg; with a small piece, perhaps an acre, more or less as much as can be attended to properly spare no pains to get it just right seed it well don't be stingy in this part; make it smooth; pick up the stones, and get it ready for mowing. And when you have done this. Jon ever let it run out, but compel it to cut a tittle more eacn year than the previous one, ii possiuie. Lilts is very easily accomplished by top- dressing. 1 do not mean, wait until it is all run out; this is a hard way; it is like letting a horse get so poor that he can hacdly stand before giving him any grain it is almost a hopeless task, Ihe true and proper way is to top-dress while the land is yet in good con dition.

Ibis is the way to keep the wheel rolling. A little grass seed can be sprinkled on once in two or three years, just before top-dressing, which will cause the grass to spring up fresh, like a new stocked piece. Land treated in this way need never be ploughed after the first start; but if it is ploughed, a nice thick turf is turned over, which decomposes and is as good for all crops as a heavy coat of manure. I am making some experiments on different materials for top-dressing my fields. I am satisfied that it need not be more than one-fourth barn-yard manure composted with three-fourths of something else.

When 1 become settled on that point you may hear from me again. Morristown, VI, 9 Aug, 10, 1871. Kentucky IIorsks. The annual sale of thoroughbred and trotting colts on Alexander's great breeding farm at M'oodburn, June 28, was very successful, as shown by the following averages 22 thoroughbred yearling fillies sold for $12,065, an average of $548.41 each; 24 yearling thoroughbred colts for $14,635, an average of $609.80 each 10 trotting colts of various ages sold for $3285, an average of $328,50. The highest prices obtained were $3800 for a thoroughbred yearling colt, and $l'500 for a thoroughbred filley.

Of the. 46 thoroughbred colts and fillies sold, but seven brought less than $200 each $100 being the lowest price for any one. The thoroughbred colts were tyr Lex-jngton, Imported Australian, Asteroid and INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE. The attention of the reader is especially called to an article in another column in rela-tian to the Worcester County Free Institute of Industrial Science. It is from the pen of our highly valued correspondent, Mr.

George B. Emerson, author of the charming work or the "Trees and Shrubs Growing Naturally in the Forests of Massachusetts." lie has long given character to these columns by the practical and judicious views in which he treats all subjects which he discusses. While grateful for his former contributions, we hope they may be no less frequent in the future. Our own careful observation through many years confirms the views of our corresponded in relation to the desire among young people of both sexes to avoid manual labor. The idea has taken fast hold of them that it is disgraceful, the teachings of St.

Paul and the necessities of the world, to the contrary notwithstanding. It is a baleful idea, crippling body and soul, sapping the foundations of our social existence and contravening the express injunctions of Holy Writ. It is a mean robbery to eat the bread that another labors to produce, if we can reasonably produce it ourselves. It would be a wofHl time among lazy people and those that assume that their precious flesh and bones would be contaminated by useful toil, if we had the power of the "Grand Turk" for a single day. The decree should go forth at once, "that if ant woult not work, NEITHER SHOCLD HE EAT." All fcliould WOI'fc in some form.

With the head to teach others, with the hands in. a thousand ways to alleviate human toil, or even by the heels to teach the child how to walk easily and gracefully! All should be producers in some form, as well consumers. Then the great disparity in society would be somewhat modified there would be less crime, less suffering, and eventually a higher civilization. John Ruskin it is only by labor that thought can be made healthy, and only by thought that laboi can be made happy." This is true and mucL uf the sickly sentimentalism which disgraces our literature springs from the pernicious ides that it is degrading to labor in cultivating the soil, in the mechanic arts, or in any of the rough but manly pursuits that the world so greatly needs. Thanks to the founders of this new institution, and to our correspondent for calling attention in these columns to its noble work.

STATE OF THE CROPS. -WEATHER. PRICES. In Maine. Belfast, Aug.

1. Hay crop, one-third short of an average. Hay from the fields, $25 per ton. First quality, pressed, 32. Com, 88 cents a bushel.

A large amount of fodder corn, turnips, sowed. Crops look fairly, considering the drought. Wheat looks well. Apple crop light. Cumberland County.

-Dry and cool. About hall a hay crop. Bale hay, $35. Grasshoppers destroying crops of all kinds in some counties. Vermont.

Windsor County. Still dry. Hay on lands, quarter of a crop; on low lands, better and excellent in quality. Early rose potatoes, half a crop. Wheat, good; oatsand barley, an average crop.

Apples, next to none. An advance of 10 to 12 cents per pound on wool, last year's prices. Dressed hogs, 5 cents; butter, 20, 22 cents; corn, new potatoes, hay, $20 at barn. New Hampshire, Aug. 1.

Copious showers. Hay, half an average crop in Carroll County. Corn, 95 cents corn crop growing rapidly, and if not touched too early by frost, there will be a very heavy crop, and of course a large amount of fodder small green, very good, where not injured by grasshoppers. Small fruits, including wild berries, very light. Pay good haying hands 2 and board, and $2.50 and board themselves.

Broken Horn. In reply to an inquiry by a correspondent who had replaced the Bhell of the horn of a heifer which had been, knocked off, whether it would re-fasten and do well, Dr. Home, of the Western Farmer, replies that ft will not, any more than would a finger or toe nail. He says that he has treated several cases of the kind and that his method of treatment, is to procure from ten to fifteen feet of clean cotton cloth, not new cloth let it be torn in strips of one and one-fourth inches wide, the strips carefully sewed together at the ends. Make a bowl of good (ommon starch, as for shirt bosoms; besmear well the bandage; roll it up, and wrap the pith of the horn, from bae to beyond the tip.

After it is well dried, cover with a coat of tar, or pitch. Protect from further injury and leave the rest to nature, and the horn will be reproduced. EXTRACTS AND REPLIES. CHRYSALIS OF BUTTERFLIES. I send you something I cannot find a name for.

Please tell me what they are. I found them both on a stalk of caraway. t. b. c.

Oxford, N. 11., 1811. Remarks. Our very Bmall stock of entomological knowledge enabled us to recognize the two "somethings, which came safely to hand In your little pill box, as the chrysalids of two different kinds of butterflies. But not being able to decide what kind of butterfly either of the cocoons contained, we submitted them to Prof.

Sanborn of the Boston Society of Natural History, who very kindly examined them and furnished the following answer to your inquiry Messrs. R. P. Eaton Co. Sir, The specimen with gold spots on a bluish ground is the chrysalis of Danais archippus Fahr.

which is described but not figured on pnge 280 of Harris's Treatise, (edition of 1862); this I presume you have at hand. The other, greyish and green, is the chrvsalis of Papilio asterias Linn, which species is fairly illustrated on Plate IV. figures 4, 6 and 7 of the work previously referred to. Francis G. Sanborn.

Motion, Aug. 11, 1871. DANAIS AROHIFPUS. With Prof. Sanborn's help we were enabled to find in Mr.

Harris's book a description of the specimen with a string of gold beads around one end of its bluish case and gold spots on other parts, one of the handsomest chrysalids we ever saw. The spots and the necklace were as bright as burnished gold. We also find figures or the caterpillar, chrysalis and butterfly, In the American Fnlomolo-gist, Sept, 186S, pages 28 and 29. The colors of the caterpillar are black, whit and yellow, banded, and is full two Inches long; the butterfly Is most hrmtifnHy nrnnmcnto w'th, reft am! to uie attention oi puysicians. WnEAT IN READING, VT.

I have been reaping the past week for mv neigh bor, Hums Steams. He has raised wheat for twenty years, ana he assures me that he has not had a single failure in this crop during that time. He estimates the yearly average as high as twentv- five bushels per acre. Until atwut three years past he occupied a hill farm, near the old centre brick church in this town, Reading. He now lives on the old "worn out" meadow land bordering Mill Brook.

Here he has raised three beautiful crops of wheat, on land on which farmers gener ally abandoned wheat raisins about thirty vears ago. Mr. Mearns tells me that he raised one vear on me mn iann tony -live nusneis ot wneat on seven-eighths of an acre. This vear on iust alout the same area of intervale land he has 694 sheaves, double band, and he estimates the yield equal to thirty bur-hels. His practice is to turn over sward land in the spring, manure liberally in the hill for corn, if ne nas not enough to spread, and after harvest ing the com, ploughs in the fall, in the soring, as earlv as the season wilt allow, he ilough again and spreads on only about seven one-horse cart loads ot manure per acre, eight to ten bushels of rei'use lime.

This hu obtains at the lime- kiln at ten cents per bushel, thin slakes it dry, adds whut ashes he ha, and broadcasts it at the time of sowing the wheat, and harrows it all in together. The secret of his uniform success in wheat raising on hill and intervale consists, he thinks, largely in the ue of lime. Another neighbor, Mr. Jarvis Pratt, a very thorough hill farmer, has kept up the practice of raising wheat every year, but some of his later crops have been ra'iher poor. He has not used lime.

There are but few other fanners who have raised wheat in this neighborhood for many years. I have spoken of the secret of Mr. Steam's success with this crop. This however is not a proper word to use, as he has no secret; but tells us all that we can raise wheat as well as he if wc will follow his practice, every t-tep of which he is ever ready to explain and illustrate. With the advice and of these two neighbors, whose farms adjoin that of my own, I was induced to trv about an acre and a quar ter of my hill land, near Mr.

Pratt's, with winter wueat last tan, as i nave oeen in the practice of seeding in the fall, believing that the oat crop with which many sued their grass fields is a hard one uotti lor tne lanu lor tlie young grass. Mr. Stearns estimates my harvest at flurtv bushels. though I applied no manure, lime or ashes to the crop. It should be remarked, however, that the present season has been unusually favorable to wueat.

The success of Mr. Steams for the past three easonB ui raiding wheat on his intervale land has teen such that I shall try a small piece on similar land separated from his hy the higliwav onlv. not- -vithstanding the general opinion the meadow farmers that they cannot raise wheat. Perhaps I should say that Mr. Steams obtained his seed from Canada.

He ordered a bald variety, but it proves a mixture; part bald, part bearded. I enclose an ear of each also two ears from mv held. Iiiomas i. letch br. Ftlchrille, Aug.

13, 1V71. Rrmarks. Four well-filled heads of wheat were received, measuring from 3J to 4 inches. The berry is plump. CHERRT TREES IX A PASTURB.

I have a piece of ground lately cleared, that has irruwo up to red cherry, called bird cherry, that I wisn to pasture. in it injure my stoca Orford, A 1811. 3. B. 0.

Remarks. Cattle often run in pastures in which cherry trees are abundant and are not injured by eating the leaves. But there are well authenticated cases of death from eating cherry leaves. Possibly where stock has the variety of food which wood land affords, they have no appetite for cherry leaves, but when kept in a pasture of only grass, there may be an unsatisfied craving which leads them to eat so freely of cherry leaves when they get at them and have nothing else of the kind, as to cause a constipation which results in illness or death. We do not feel safs in answering your question in a more direct manner, but solicit the opinion of others.

SOIL FOR, AND SETTING STRAWBERRIES. Will you inform me through the New England Farmer what kind or ground is best for straw berries, and when is the best time to set them out B.nj. r. McLaughlin. MiddUboro, Aug.

14, 1871. Remarks. A moist, rich loam suits the strawberry best. The soil should be deep, that is eight or ten inches, fine, and kept clear of weeds. As early as the soil is suitable for sowing oats, in April, Is a good time to set the plants.

Make an Ojpening for the roots, spread them a little and press the earth close about them. Keep the plants moist, and they will soon take vigorous hold of the ground. They will do well if set in August, if the plants are kept moist. FRANKLIN MAINE. The cry of lamentation which has been going up from this section for some time is still ascending.

The grasshoppers have made fearful havoc with both early and late crops, and are now, no doubt, eating duily more than all the stock. After taking their first choice of vegetation, a scarcity compels them to glean again on what only a few davs before was refused. The farmers deprive them of mucn ot tneir second and third choice, hy harvesting any crop that is wonh it, as soon as it is fairly determined that It is to he appropriated by them. 'I his course destroys many, drives others to feed upon the leaved of the trees, and adds to the amount of feed saved for the stock; because if a field of wheat, oats, or com, whether of one acre or ten acres, is attacked, leaf and stalk are gone in a few days, unless cut at once. Brood after brood of the hoppers come once in aliout two weeks.

When it was very dry they came, and after copious rains they came just the same. One brood feeds on what preceding ones would searcelv touch. Currant bushes are now a favorite. First the leaves, then the bark are taken nearly clean. Young apple trees were taken at an early dav, and now the medium sized ones are selected.

Corn is stripped, beginning with the tassels, going to silk." leaves, would-lie ears, and then the stalks are cut down, if it is not speedily harvested. Localities that were "visited by them last year are generally quite free, as far as heard from. Early potatoes were first attacked. The root crop, owed for feed, has fared hard. The hay crop, in some sections, is rated at one-fourth; In another at one-third; in another at one-half the average for ten years; and so on, up to a full crop of hay, and in some northern parts of the County it is better than an average, with few hoppers.

Hardly any farmers agree with me that we have, as a whole, more than a half crop of hay in this County. I think we have about sixty per cent. Large lots of Western com arc purchased to make up the deficit to some extent. Wherever farmers meet, this gloomy prospect is the topic of conversation. Politics are forgotten.

Short crops and low prices are everywhere dis-cuBsed, and men seem to look only and constantly on the dark side. Btit as yet neither man nor beast has starved. The expectations of many have been sadly disappointed, but reverses as well as succobscs have their lessons. And our calamity may prove less disastrous than is now generally apprehended. In consequence of favorable weather early in the season, there was more time than usual for "spring's work." The area of general farm crops was extended.

A little more wheat was sown, and a few more potatoes were planted, and so it was with all the crops. When it was found that the early drought was likely to diminish the hay crop, nearly all the farmers planted or sowed an extra patch of com, or roots, and here and there a little Btraw or coarse hay was saved, which too often is thrown Into the yard just before haying time, to make room for the new hay. And now many are trimming up nearer to the fences, cutting a load or two in the pastures, beside the brooks, on the hills and elsewhere. With such economy and foresight the severity of our calamity may be mitigated to a greater degree than our fears at present allow us to hope. O.

W. Tavs. Fmrmington, Aug. 14, 1871 Candidates for admission to the Massachusetts ArrnltnrBl Collar" phnn'd nprrnr ftt down his plan for the great road over the Simplon, diverged from a straight line to avoid injuring this tree. The oldest of all rose-bushes Is said to be one which Is trained upon one side of the cathedral ot Hildesheim, in Germany.

Ihe root is buried under the crypt, below the choir. The stem is a foot thick, and half a dozen brunches nearly covei the eastern side of the church, bearing counties flowers in summer. Its age is unknown, but docu ments exist which prove that the Bishop Hezilo, nearly a thousand years ago, protccttd it by a stone roof, which 16 still extant. The Practical Farmer says that in Pcnnsyl vania there is rather a prejudice against Orchard grass, chiefly owing to its growing in bunches and rather coarse stem and leaf. Thete may obvi- ated by thick sow ing not less than two bushel: to the acre.

It ripens early, and for this reason would mako a good mixture with clover. Wt know dairymen who vuiue it highly both for hay and pasture. Rapid growth, after frequent and clme cropping or cutting, is the speciality of Or chard grass. We do not consider it adapted for thin land or soils worn out by bad farming. The July Report of the Wahington Agricul tural Department publishes the statement of nn Alameda County California correspondent that John D.

Patterson, sheared this year from a French Merino ram a fleece weighing seventy eight and one-half pounds; the first fleece frou this sheep, when sixteen months old, wei bed forty -two a id three-fourths pounds. The worn of it is, some of the agricultural papers don't be lieve the story, and are laughing at the Washing ton folks for taking stock enough in it to publish any such figures. Tall Herdsgrass. Though the average erop of hay may be less this year than usual, it is evi dent that grass has not lost its ability to grow. We have received a parcel of heads of herdsgrass.

from 6 to 8 inches in length, cut from stalks 5 feet and 11 inches high, which grew on a field of new land in Coaticook, Canada East, owned hy G. W. Kinney, Esq. The grass on the wholt htkl cams naarly to a level with a man's head. For the New England Farmer.

WORCESTER CO. FREE INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE. A very satisfactory examination of this institute took place on the Ubth of Julv, tol- lowed by equally satisfactory exercises of the graduating class. The fifteen young gentle men who composed this class had. written long essays, each upon some one of the subjects tu which they bad been devoting their attention during the three years of their course.

Thee were long, elaborate, well-written papers, showinc how thoroughly and faithfully they had been working. It was impossible to hear them all, but enough of each was read to give an idea of its ability and character. At the same time, in other parts of the prin cipal building, full samples of the work done in the several departments ot drawing were exhibited, and many records of their work in geometry and other branches; and, in tlie Washburn workshop, pupils were Been at work giving abundant evidence of their skill in the use ot tools. The great and precious distinction of tlu institute is that it olTers opportunities and in ducements for the formation or continuance of habits of manual labor: that it is the Institute of Industrial Science. A great and threatening evil in the States of Kew England is the prevalence of a desire among boys and young men to avoid manual labor.

1 his is a great, sometimes a fatal mistake, physically, morally and economically A boy cannot promise to attain to perfect manhood whose bodily powero are not accustomed to vigorous exercise. And this habit of exercise ought to begin early and be faithfully continued through youth and early manhood. By this process all the powers ot the ooay win be fully developed, and preparation will be made for a vigorous manhood and with this and by virtue of tin'. exercise, there may be perfect health of bod and mind. In a body thus healthily strengthened, and with habits of ready, easy and skilful labor, the mind will be in the best condition to act, and the moral nature may be kept in sound and healthful state.

Without these habits and powers there will be danger of intemperance and excess, and when a place not requiring bodily exertion cannot be found, there will be temptation to violation of tin-laws of the land. This is not a fanciful theory would that it were. But the records of tht prisons in New England and the other Northern States show that nearly all the young men confined in them are there for want of a trade and of habits of hnnest industry. There are undoubtedly many operations and processes in the arts and in machinery which require only intelligent supervision, and then are many places which do not seem to requin manual labor. But the candidates for theie situations are already more numerous than tin places, and are becoming more numerous even year.

Such institutions as the Technological Institute in Boston, the School of Arts at Hanover, N. the State Agricultural School, and this at Worcester, are becoming more numerous, and are yearly attracting more pupils, not only in New England, but throughout the country. Unless habits of manual labor accompany the knowledge of useful arts and of the applications of science, an education in one of these institutions may be a misfortune to those who secure it. A young man who, for three or four years of his youth, discontinues the energetic use of his muscles, will resume that use with repugnance and extreme diffi-cutly, which may be ruinous to him. That provision of this institution, therefore, which requires or allows some hours daily of hard work is to be especially commended.

It is the great distinction of the institute, showing that it was founded by men who had a regard for the permanent welfare of the pupils. It will doubtless be said that young men may be qualified here to superintend manual operations, without the necessity of working themselves. That is really a mistake. He only is perfectly fit to superintend and conduct the work of others who can take hold of the tool that is used and wield it himself with more skill and vigor than any of the fellows under him. Whoever has long and carefully observed the operations of a farm, would not be willing to employ a man to take charge of one, whether small or large, who could not take up any tool used and show.

better than any one else how to use it. And so it must be, in at least a certain degree, in all other occupa tions. On a farm, Come boys," is much the safest order that can be given. I do not be lieve that one ran thoroughly understand an operation which he cannot go through with ntmsplf. AH the great discoveries nf lte The full grown caterpillar is marked and the chrysalid B.

The juj-handle appendage of tbh ehrysalid is peculiar to this butterfly, and is a ver neat contrivance to protect its long tongue. Tin butterfly is marked and at we have its head magnified to show its leg, antenna, or feeler, ant3 its peculiar tongue, now coiled up like a watch-spring, but with which it sucks flowers while upon the wing, like a humming bird. On the back of the caterpillar, at are seen the cocoons of thi larva; of the ichneumon flies and and at two these cocoons magnified, with the end of one of them cut open, and the top pushed off like a hinged lid, by the insect which had emerged therefrom, and become a perfect ichneumon fly. These parasites destroy large numbers of caterpillars, which might otherwise increase so immensely as to destroy vegetation entirely in spite of all that man could do. So much for this potato worm and it enemies, to watch the operations of which a magnifying glass is necessary.

GRASS TOR NAME WILD BTB Can you give me the name of the grass, which I enclose to you It is new to me, the first which I noticed being two years ago; it Is now thinly mixed in on several moist pieces of natural mowing; see. none of it on land which has been cultivated. O. E. T.

Salisbury, Ar. July 25, 1871. Remark. The flowers and roots are parts which botanists wish to see in determining varieties of grasses. Hence it is often difficult to determine the name of a grass without these.

A pretty good botanist to whom your specimen was shown thought it was witch grass. But on comparing the two, a material difference was observable in the arrangement and density of the spikelets, and otherwise. We therefore enclosed it to our correspondent, E. A. Ellsworth, a graduate of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, who has given it a thorough examination and conolndes, though not with much positiveness, on account of the absence of flowers, that it is Flymus striatus, Wild Rye, or Lyme grass.

We are pleased by the spirit of inquiry manifested by the receipt of plants, insects, for names. It shows that a need of abetter knowledge of the things by which we arc surrounded and with which we have to do, is felt. And now, boys and girls, how shall the long evenings of the coming winter be employed Will not the study of some of the many primary books on botany, natural history, pay better than reading love and murder stories A little knowledge is not a dangerous thing in these days, if ft ever was. GARGET POKE AND INDIAN POKB. I wish to inquire if poke or white hellebore Is what we call Indian poke, a plant that grows in our meadows, with a stubbed stalk two or three feet high, with large leaves and a thick cluster of small light colored roots, which arc poisonous.

The hay crop is a very short one iri this section. It is like some sheep I have seen with an ear mark (hat took lHth ears off cloe to the head Haying is not finished up entirely. There are some meadow and a little upland to cut over yet; We are getting from one-quarter to one-half as much on upland this year as we did last. Meadows are some better than that, but not equal to last year. Other crops are looking well, considering the very dry time we had the first of the season.

ApplcB are not so plenty as last year, but there will he enough for family use nnd some cider if those now on the trees remain and ripen. William I). Colbt. West Springfield, N. July X7, 1871.

Remarks. Common poke or garget, and Indian poke are different plants. Ihey are ranked by botanists In different orders. The garget poke in Wood's Botany is in Order CV. Phytolacca decan dra; the Indian Poke is in Order CX LVIII.

Vera-irum virtde. Our physicians make considerable use of the Indian poke in their practice, and from its roots the American Hellebore is manufactured. The garget poke is much the largest plant, and is perhaps most readily distinguished by its clusters of purple berries. 1 he Indian poke has only seeds. As similar inquiries have heretofore been made in respect to these plants, we copy the full description of each from Dr.

Bigelow's Plants of Boston and Vicinity, which, with the aid of a dictionary, will be understood by those not familiar with the botanical terms used by the writer: Garget Poke. Phytolacca decandra. -Leaves ovate, acute at both ends; flowers with ten stamens and ten styles. A common plant, known also by the names of Garget, Cocum, Jalap, The root Is of large size, frequently exceeding a man's leg in thickness and Is usually divided into two or three principal branches. Its substance is fleshy and fibrous, and easily cut or broken.

Internally it is distinctly marked with concentric rings of considerable thickness, while its outer surface is covered with a very ttiin, brownish bark, which seems to be little more than a cuticle. The stalks, which are annual, frequently grow to the height of six, and even nine feet. They are round, smooth, and very much branched. When young their usual color ii green, hut in most plants, after the berries have ripened, they are of a fine purple. Leaves scattered, petioled, ovate-oblong, smooth on both sides, ribbed nnder- tl, nrr.t.

VhP 1...,,,.