Freeman's Journal and Daily Commercial Advertiser from Dublin, Dublin, Ireland • 2

THE FREEMAN'S JOURNAL, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 14, 1847. MONEY MAR KET Loudon, Tobsdat. The market for public securities ha been feverish al ItB9 morning, and with a more lim'ted range of, fluc'ustion than i ROYAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCE COBPORA- TIQN OF LONDOJN. OFFICE, NO. 8, -WESTMOBELAND-STKEET, DUBLIN.

TT ARGE nartimnatinn in Profit of He JLd since Deoember, 1841. Two-thirds oeriodicallv annortinnod to Policies, andTAffilei amount assured, or applied in reduction of fremii value paid in Cash. Fire Polices (Common Assurances), Is. 6tjfper others, proportionably low. Apply to RICHARD PURDT, Agent (Suocessor to John Murphy and Sooe).

THE Friends of Redmond Pbter lato President of the Society of Stinfcenjde Paul in Ireland, are hereby informed that tftOIiEjlN OFFICE for the Repose of hia Soul will be jJttetydfi in the CHURCH OF THE CONCEPTION ffLBO-ROUGH-S i REET, on THIS DAY (THURSDAY), the 14th instant, at Eleven o'Clock in the Morning. FRIGES OF IRISH STOCKS DURING TEE WEEK. TBDBS. FBI. I BAT.

I MOB. I TUBS. WBDi 84 I 834b td)i 86mo MSUil SSiM 8Si 85, 1ST 193 192X' 'Ll 40 10 FRANCE. We have received the pari papers of Sunday. The following ordonnanoe, on tbe subjeot of the new loan appears in the Monileur Louis Philippe, King of the French, to all whom It, may concern, greeting Considering the law of August 8, 1847, respecting a loan of Oa the report of our Minister of Finanoe we have or-ordered, and do hereby order, as follows: Art 1 Our Minister of Finanoe is hereby authorised toprooeedtotbesale, by public competition, and by sealed tender, of a sura of Throe per Cent.

Rente, sufficiently to produce a capital of The said Rente shall be entitled to the interest of Deo. 22, 1847, Tho Bale shall be made to tho parties offering the highest price, subject to the reservation of a minimum to be fixed by our Minister of Finanoe. Art. 2. la conformity with the provisions of the second paragraph of the only ortiole of the aforementioned low of August 8, 1847, the dotation of the sinking fund shall be augmented from January 1, 1848, by a Bum equal to the hundredth part of the nominal capital of tbe Rente whioh is to be negotiated in virtue of Art.

1 preceding. "Art. 3. Our Minister of Finanoe is oharged with the execution of the present ordonnanoo. Given ataour Palaoe of St.

Cloud, this 9th day October, 1847. (Signed) Louis Philippe. (Countersigned) A Dusion, Minister of Finance." The tenders for this loan (which amounts to 1 0,000,0001. sterling), are to be handed in sealed at the hotel of tbe Minister of Finance, at twelve o'clock on the 10th and the Minister will place on tbe table a sealed paper containing the minimum price, which will only be opened in Case no tender shall have reached the minimum. A tender once delivered cannot be withdrawn.

The different instalments of the loan are to be paid as follows On the 22d of November, 1847, 12,300,0001. on the 22d of Deoem-ber, on tbe 7tb of January, 1848, and afterwards monthly, on the 7th of each month, down to November, inclusive. It was rumoured in Paris that the recent change of ministry in Spain coat Louis Philippe 48,0001., which being applied in the proper quarter, produced the consent of thai unfortunate Queen to perhaps the last oliBngo on which she will bo permitted to give an opinion. Louis Philippe, fearing that Salamanca would dissolve the Cortes, and that the new Cortes would re-establish the Salique law, as is ardently desired by tbe great majority of Spaniards, determined at once to purchase all who could be purchased, and thus tho change was brought about. It was supposed that Narvacz had already attempted his grand coup, as the Madrid mail of the 5th had not arrived in Paris sn Sunday.

Christina is to leave Paris immediately for Madrid. Tho Duke d'Aumale arrived at Algiers on the 6th iuct. The cko Agracole states the price of flour continued to decline in the Paris market on Friday and Saturday. La Presse contains a letter from Madrid of that date, to whioh the alleged oonnexion of that paper with the Bue de Courcellea imparts authority. It or repeats, that the late change has been brought about by attempts made of a nature so indelicate and so immoral that it is impossible, to believe them.

The following is from a second edition of the Standard of Tuesday night The Duke de Guise, seoond son of the Duke d'Aumale. died on Sunday morning last, at St. Cloud, after only three days illness. Notwithstanding the precautions which have been, taken by tho Neapolitan government to prevent the publication of acourate accounts of the real state of affairs, and what is passing iu that kingdom, no doubt whatever is entertained but the Calabriun insurrection is of a formidable character. With respeot to Switzerland, it seems more than probable, from the tenor of letters received from that hostilities wilt soon break out.

The Grand council of Geneva was to meet, on tbe 8th inBtant, in extraordinary session, when it was expected that they would present a bill for estraordinary powers, in order to enable them to act with energy and promptitude. SPAIN. The Madrid journals of the Sth and 6th ore chiefly filled with remarks on the formation of the Narvaez cabinet but so little is its stability reckoned upon, that rumours are already propagated of another orisis. Tbe Gazette ooh-' tains a deoree convoking the Cortes for the 15th Nov. and a seoond decree annulling all the financial reforms of Salamanca.

PORTUGAL. Southampton, Thursday Morning. By the arrival of her Majesty's iron Bloop Keoruit, Commander Stode, at Spithead, this morning, we have news from Lisbon to the 4tb, at which date the city was perfectly quiet. The cabinet bad not been dissolved, and the elections were to go on under a new deoree, explaining the proposed revision of tho registration. The Terrible bad not arrived with the Count Bonfim and fellow prisoners.

Morning Herald. SWUZMtLAND. The oanton of Lucerne has addressed to the vorort the following letter, which the latter body has remitted oirou-Jarlv to all tbe oantons Oct. The avoyer and council of state of the canton of Lucerne to the federal directory at decision taken on the 3d by the Diet, with regard to the Jesuits, was forwarded to us by oiroular, in order to have it put into immediate execution. 3Ve shall merely give our reply on the subject in the following words We contest the right which any majority or minority whatever may arrogate to itself, of interfering with the f.ffuirs of religion in any canton, and consequently in that of the canton of Lucerne, and we shall never either, acknowledge or execute any decision or disposition implying tuah interference.

The authorities of tbe -canton of lucerne have called tlio Jesuits to Lucerne as professors in theology to the seminary; and tbe people, by the veto, have given their consent to this nomination, in virtue of a right of sovereignly inherent to the state of Lucerne. It belongs to the state of Lucerne alone to inorease or diminish this right. A decision of twelve and a half states, whioh annuls this right, being both incompetent and unjust, is, AND THE IRISH THE NATIONAL flOlJNClL. TO THB-EMTOB OF THE FREEMAN. Oct.

I3, lo47. Deab SiR-In consequence of what occurred yesterd.y at the "Irish Council," I am requested by some of the membeisof parliament who s'gntd the requisition for a aA to beg the favour of mooting uti IIC your republishing the enclosed copy of a letter written by tbeir order on the on thesu'jeotof the dis cussii'ns expected at that meeting. I am, Sir, Your faithful servant, JOHN O'CONNELL. Mr Lord Id reply to your letter of the 17th am to inform you that the subjeots to be disouseed at the proposed National Counc of Irish M.P.'s, will form matter for the deliberation and decision ol a full meeting of suoh of them as agree to attend that council when, if it please your lordship to attend, you will have a full and fitting opportunity for satisfying yourself as to these subjects. am, toy ioru, Your faithful servant, "JOHN O'CONNELL, Temporary Secretary.

Lord Claude Hamilton, M.P.'' A letter, of which the following is a oopy, has been sent to the secretaries of the Irish Councif by the member for Dublin; Esker House, Kathmineo, Ootober 13, 1847. Gentlemen I am honoured by the reoeipt of your printed circular of the 5th inviting me to ottend a meeting of the noblemen members of parliament, and gentry ot Ireland, to be held at the Rotunda, on Thursday, the 4th of November next, at 12 o'clock, to consider end agree on measures to evert tho alarming prospects of another famine with which IreUnd is a present threotened. Approving, as I do, of the objects contemplated by the promoters of the intended meeting, I would feel it my duty to attend, lend my aid in furtherance of the laudable objects included in jour resolutions but reoolleoting that a requisition, signed by 85 members of parliament, convening a Meeting of the Irish member at the Rotundo, in tbe oily of Dublin, on the next' for the purpose of taking into oon-idtration the same objects inoluded in jour two resolutions, has, been already published in the publicpapers I am totally at a loss to accountfor the real objects of those who advised jour proposed meeting of the 4th of-November. Entertaining great respeot for many members of your I am disposed to believe that, in deciding to hold ihe intended meeting, they were actuated by pure and patriotic motives but I. am of opinion that, if they were disposed to injure the cause of which they apear to be the advooates, it would be impossible for them to devise any course more imminently calculated to paralyse the tftortsof the true and Bteady friends of the people than that whioh they have adopted.

I am one of those who believe that tbe poverty and national weakness under which tbe people of Ireland have aboured fo- centuries may be solely attributed to the fell spirit of division, and I deeply regret, to perceive the "xistence of that spirit in the proposed movement of your oouncil. Allow ma agin to remind you that ihirty-five Irish members of parliament, the real representative of the people, after due and mature deliberation have affixed their iignat.ures to a requisition calling tbe 105 lepresentatives to a'tend in the Rotundo, Dublin, on the 2d of November, in order to take into consideration the very alarming condition of Ireland, and to devise, means to mitigate the unprece. dented distress of her population. Let me, therefore, ask you. in sober seriousneas, bow it would be piasible to convene a meeting calculated to in-pre more public nonfilence, ond consequently to iff-ot more good? Your Council, being, fully aware of those facts, ounhr, in my judgment, to lend all the aid and co operation in their power to the representatives of the Irish people, in lieu of which they have decided upon holding a meeting, in the same building, for the same purpose, on the 4tb of November.

Nuw, bearing in mind that the Irish members ore to meet oo tbe 2d, and your proposed meeting, comp' Ssd of Peers nnd M.P.'s. on the 4th, ond assuming that the deli Derations of each will be spread over a suaoe of at least a fortnight, and it being pBrtVo'Iy pis ible that those bodies gl take 'iimetrica opposite vi ws of the same subject, prmit to inquire is yur Council prepared to incur the odium nhd fearful respon-ibili of being the cause of inflicting so deep an injury upon tneir starving and impover-iiherl fellow-countrymen, as is certain to follow from any division at this all important crisis Under all the circumstances 1 am of opinion that your proposed meeting is most uncalled for and unnecessary, and is', therefore respectfully attending it. I have the honour to remain, gentlemen, yours very respectfully, JOHN REYNOLDS. Samuel Ferguson, and Sir Colman O'Loghlen, Bart Honorary Secre- taries Irish Council. CABINET COUNCIL.

In compliance with the summones, issued the week before last for a Cabinet Council at the Foreign Office this afternoon, at twoo'olnck. the several cabinet ministers began to assemble shorly before tbe appointed hour. The following wero the members of tbe cabinet present on the occasion Lord John Ru6ell (First Lord of the Treasury), the Marquis of Lansdowne (Lord President), he Lord Chancellor, the Right Hon. the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Earl Grey (Secretary of the Colonies), Viscount Palmerston (Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs), the Right Hon Sir George Grey (Secretary for the Home Depa'tment). the Earl of Auckland (First Lord of the Admiralty), the Marquis of Clanricarde (Postmaster-General), the Right Hon.

Sir John C. Hobhouse (Presi-dant of tbe Beard of Control), the Right Hon. Henry La-bouohere (President of the Board of Trade), Viscount Morpeth (Chief Commissioner of Woods and Forests), and he Right Hon. Thomas B. Macaulay (Paymaster of the Forces).

Tbe ministers remained in deliberation up to the hoar when we were compelled to go to press. It was the first cabinet since the dissolution of parliament, and as all the ministers bave made arrangements to remain some five or six weeks in town, it is generally thought that there will be a suoeesBipn of counoils this month. Sun of NEW LEADER OF THE OPPOSITION. In obedience to the advice put forth in the Quarterly that the Conservatives should content themselves with criticising tbe measures of the government, rather than originate measures of their own- that party have resolved on changing their, leader. Lord George Bentinok is to be superseded by Mr.

Herries in the unenviable post of leader' of tbe opposition in the new parliament. Globe, IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LORDS Friday, Oct. 12. The Lord Chanctllor and other peers met in the House of Lords at two o'clock this day, being the day to which parliament was prorogued on the 21st of September last; for.

purpose of s'ill further proroguing parliament until the 1 1th of November next, in conformity with tbe Rinal Proclamation which appeared in the Gazette of Fi iday last. There were between twenty and thirty ladies sitting on the benches in the body of the house, and some six or seven gentlemen. The house was in a state of most admired. disorder. On the.

right of the throne a Bcaffolding was erected, on which the artists are. carrying on the fresco painting by Maclise, and which would appear from tbe glimpses we caught of it to be in a forward state. So much of it as could be seen was.muph admired. There were also soaffjldirgs at the othe.r end of the, chamber, over the reporters' gallery, in which also decorators of the house were carrying on their labours. Below the bar several of the offioers of the house were in.attfndanoe.ns well as the High Bailiff of Westminster and other officials.

Besides the Lord Chancellor, the peers present were the Marquis of Clanricarde and the Earl of Auckland. At two o'clock the Lord Chanoellor took his seat on the woolsack and the Yeoman Usher of the Black Rod ietro-duced Mr. W. Ley, the Clerk-Assistant of the House of Commons, as the representative of the lower house. The LORD CHANCELLOR then said that her Ma jesty had been pleased to issue her writ, under the great seal, tor tbe further prorogation of parliament, which the cleik read.

Tbe writ was acoordinsly read by the clerk at the table. The writ prorogued the meeting of parliament to Thursday, the ltb ci November. The LORD CHANCELLOR then rose from the wool-sack, and having bowed to the other peers, retired. The prooeedinga did not occupy above a minutes. Supposed Loss of an English Vessel A letter from Bremen, of the 4th instant, states that a bottle hnA haan ninlrad irn nn tllf flPflolllanrn nnap WnnaAriil.

Ann. taining a slip of paper on which was written the following wM last dav or two tho weather ha been verv in the afternoon fiood God I waareEOinffdolvnl Mav God i The rest was illegible. cotfflon, The lauds of many were ill adapted to other crops, or they hod no means of tilling thorn; or even where; they have put in turnipi or oats, Sec lbs produuo will insufficient for thfir for it must be ebervl that it rtquires three Hmei quantity of land laid corn to what would be. necessary in puiatoes 0fted for the year any given number of persons, Tnus i'. mils' plain nu.ear that Ireland in all ports is still in much distress, but a ng the west erf active nu extended benevo'ence i required to be exerted from elsewhere to prevent tbo most scenes that this cla-miiy is coi.linous, ond cn only he gradually removed by a new order in the nocial which it will be the interest, and must, bo tbe efi'oi uf all puriies to introduce and to accelarate.

J. F. BDBG01NE Dublin, Oct- 6 THE PRESENT STATE OF IRELAND. "We have received the following letter from one whose name justly sarries weight wiih it in Ireland an undeviflting patriot whose exilted portion has ever been ued for tbe advantage of his coun'tn TO THE EDITOB OF THE FREEMAN. "Dear Sik I think your project for tho oreation of land debentures one very suitable uuderthe presentcircum stances of this country, where the important circulating medium, of the conacre has been annihilated.

The vast quantity of new silver which was issued to the Board of Wnrt. Hiannnsnred. and there really is a dearth of rr currency in most places. I hure sometimes thought that we might have a cirou-atlng of our that wo ild be a great convenience to farmers and landholders, and in whioh there could be no possible loss, but which would, on the contrary, be a great saving to all parties concerned, and lothecountry at large mean public grauaries issuing tickets for all grain depo sited in them. I have ve'y iitt'e doubt thit an eighth of all the corn grown in I' eland is destroyed by wet and vermin, the generality of our farmers havinn no corn stands, few barns, and Ivwer granaries; they, stack in field, thrash in the cabin or on the road, and sell ot the lowesS pric, haVng no place to store their corn.

Now if there were public granaries through' the country where the produce oould be stored, and from which each man should get a note for the quantity and quality deposited, that note could oirculuteuntil the corn was sold; these granaries would not only save artd preserve what is now destroyed by rot and but the formers storing in October or November, and leaving their grain in store til! May or June, would get higher prioes, whilst those granaries would be a security, and a moat valuable precaution, against famine. Their erection would not cost two years' loss under the present system, and their notes would be a ourrency of infallible security. The idea is not altogether a new one; such granaries are to be seen all through Switzerland, and in manypBrts of Germany and Italy. No person can have passed through any of our countios during the last month thout seeing the deplorable waste of produce of every kind left in the fields exposed to wet and vermin. His Excellency was particularly struck by it in his journey to and from Balli-naaloe, and spoke of it, as a wise and good mm could not avoid doing.

Pray, Sir, call the attention of some of our patriotic bodies to this very important subject. Your faithful servant, 14th 1847 We copy Ihe following from the Evening Packet of last night; THE MONEY CBISIS THE CURnEBCV QUFSTION. We hBve pei used an article of the Fbeemam's Jourr ai. of this morning, under the above heads and however we may differ upon some of the more unimportant topics with whioh it is conversant, we are free to own it contains much matter worthy of serious consideration. There can be no doubt that in the present position of Iiish off in tbe discusiion of the relations whic must necessarily exist between those classes who ought to ho the employers and the employed, the question must necessarily riiolte itself into one of Currency." Heretofore, we have had, as our contemporary properly observes, two distinct currencies in Ireland that of the commercial classes, and that which is not inaptly styled the "domestic currency" of the labourer, or what is better understood by the trrm con acre." With the former it is not our business for the present lo deal, an it has always been regulated by circumstances.

with which the mere landed interests had little or no connection Our inquiry must; theref'oro, be confined to tbe cousps wbioh have led to the annihilation of the latter species of currency, Dd to the hest. and most immediate trade of providing a substitute. The past failure and fu'ui'B uncertainty of the potato orop must, at least for a considerable period, render th -conacrH" system totally unavailable ns a circti lat.ing medium for the labouren Whatever individual spe. culation may effeot to resuscitate the decay of thit root, and to render it again an ingredient in tho ordinary food of the population, it is perfectly plain that there is now tin opportunity, and even supposing such to exist, it would be most inexpedient to moke it avoihble, to revive a system whioh another unfavourable season might (ffectualiy abjlish. To expect'that a labburing population, such as that which exists in Ireland, Bhould be kept in constant employment by, fundo advanced from the imperial treasury would be equally unreasonable' and absurd.

Such a mode of employmen1, rnuet'terminate at some peiiodor other, and would leave the' people in a much worse position than evBr. Nor ought we with the resources we possess voluntarily to submit' durselves to tbe national humiliation entailed upon us by becoming the recipients of thoio eleemosynary gifts from ill. quarters of the globe, which, however honourable to Ihe donors, cannot but degrade us in their estimation, nod us iu our own. The property of Ireland might, and with judicious management could, be made to support its poverty to a considerable extent. This alone can be effectuated by the adoption of on ar-rjngement which will provide support for the able bodied and industrious, while it will provo remunerative, to.

the nmployer. Without' this latter quality all classes would necessarily be involved in common ruin. Of wbat nature 'hen should this employment be Publio works railways Employment, to be beneficial should be continuous and self-creative. Snob can only be found upon the land. It is universally conceded thot there are few estates in.this country which, by art' improved system of culture, and the expenditure of capital, could not be made to yield at least one third more than its ordinary produce.

is equally that there are millions of acres in Ireland now lying wholly waste and profitless, which, with tbe proper outlay, could be made available for agiioultural purposes. Everjaoreof land improved or reclaimed will not only he profitable to the landlord, but will also afford an effectual guarantee for future increased employment to the To effect this, capital to a large amount is requisite, flow that capital to be supplied With a restricted currency, scarcely sufficient to carry on the ordinary dealings of mercantile 'enterprise with a suspension of discounts which tbe security of the more transferable commodities of traffic cannot procure can it be supposed that without a sale of a portion of their lands, which the Freeman properly admits to be inexpedient, if not the landlords can supply a sutticieot amount of capital to undertake ivith effect the proposed improvement their estates A new increased currency must be devised. Land debentures" bave been suggested as a mode of enlarging the circulating medium invested with tho attributes of a domestic cum niy, and made a first charge upon the properties upon whose credit they are issued, Howeeer opera tive the issue of such debentures might be in opening tbe restriction of tbe circulation, they are liable to tbe obj action that securities of such a nature might be subject to a fludui tion which, while the original borrower would be bold responsible for their nominal amount, would consequently involve him iu a loss equal to the difference between that amount and the actual maiketable value-of such securities This objection be obviated without mubh difficulty. there ore other means of creating the currency required, whioh would he free from suoh To these ws purpose to apply ourselves in continuing a subject so fraught with the. deepest interest to all classes of the community, contenting ourselves for the present with recommending the artiole to which we have alluded to the attentive consideration of the thinking reader.

TO CORRESPONDENTS. Several letters have been unavoidably held over; An article on Remodelling Electoral Diyisipns in tbo South, is in type. Bcbems The restoration of tbo fomous pictures of this master, now in progress, at Antwerp, by M. Kie-wert, excites much interest and anxiety; though it is believed that tbe process of transferring from the old canvas or from panel to new oanvas, if executed with care, is neither so difficult nor dangerous as has been suppbosed. Tbe essential tnmg appears to be.

the sate removal of the tntor.ao, and the substitution ot. a similar ground. Literary Gaxette. Abbivai, of Specie id London Arrivals of zoM I took place on Monday from Pans- and Hamburgh, to the nn7 uoM-J7 v. owHuurgu I Standard.

i been prepared by Sir John Burgoyne, for the purpose of explaining wby another effort of this sort- is FHcesary. It may bo satisfactory to you that I should add my testi mony ou three mam points, navina, as you are prooau aware, made this subject my principal study for a long time paBt and being constaotly iu the habit of receiving information, both written and oral, from all parts of Ireland in reference to it. These points are-First That the new poor law will be enforced in Ireland to the utmost eitent of the power of the government that no aBsistonoe whatever will be given from national funds to those unions which, whether they have the il! or not, undoubtedly have the power of maintaining their own poor and that the collection ot the rates will be enforced as far as it can be, in those distressed western unions in which some assistance from some source or other must be given. Secondly That there are certain unions in the west, of Ireland where the social system was ao entirely based the potato, at described by Sir J. Burgoyne, that It.

was impossible that the habits, of the people could be so suddenly changed, and new modes of subsistence so suddenly established, as to allow of the crowded population which had grown up under the potato system supporting without assistance in the second year after the failure. And Thirdly Thot the change from an idle, barbarous, isolated potato cultivation, to corn cultivation, wbioh en forces industry, binds together employer and employed in mutual beneficial relations, and, requiring capital and fMH for its successful prosecution, supposes the existenoe of a of substantial yeomanry who have Bn interest in preserving the good order of BOOiely, ia proceeding as fant a can reasonably be expected under tbo circumstances; and that if the rich and highly-favoured portions of the empire saroe further temporary assistance to these distressed of our Domilation. to enable them to tide over'' the shoals upon which they have fallen, the harbour 'will, ere long, be attained. If you consider my testimony on these points of any public. value on the present occasion, are.

at liberty to malio any use of it you fjiink.oroper and it is Sir John Burgojne's intention that his paper should be published with. his name, which, considering the accurate ioforma tion tie has obtained in the management of the Relief Com-mission, ennm-t fai! to carry great weight with it. Believe me, Sir, yours ry faithfully, C. E. TREVELYAN.

Salt-hill, near Dublin, Oct. 7. TO THE EDITOB OP'THE TIMES. SlH Notwithstanding the impatienoe: enpressed at the demands for Ireland, we must still, in common oharitj, afford her considerable assistance. 1 Distress still hangs over that oountry, from whioh she is quite unable to relieve herself.

It. is not the ordinary distress of a lowering the con dition. of people from one of luiuryor comfort, but it is tbe them from the lowest state that can support life to one without means even to do that. Absolute famine still stares whole districts in the face, and we must not allow ourselves to beoome callous to the horrors of such an evil because we have had it before us for any given period. But it is said that it ia their own fault, and originates, in an erroneous and improvident system; sup posing it to be so, are we to allow thousands to die vf starvation beoause they were enabled by Providence to subsist previously, for almost agesj on an erroneous eyaterh The only other argument against extraneous relief is that, the country ought to be called upon to make sacrifices to relieve itself, and that the property of Ireland rami support its poverty a just maxim under ordinary clrcum stances, and one that has been adopted by the legislature the provisions of the new poor law.

That law, being duly oarried out, will compel all that can contribute for the support of the poor to do so in proportion to their means, wil reduce tht-demand on others to what cannot possibly be met by that provision. The extent of the effeot of the loss of the po'ato in Ireland, however, is still not perfectly understood. part'Oularlj as effects all whose income was dependent on the laud, up to the greatest proprietors. The great mass of a dense population spread over tbe face of the oountry lived, as is well known, on the potato. A family onae located on from one to three or four aorea of land was provided for a cabin oould be raised.

in' a few days without the expense of a sixpence; the potatoes, 'at the. cost of very little labour supplied them with a sufficiency of a food with whioh from habit they were perfectly content; and a pig, or with some, a cow, or donkey, or pony, and oocasional labour it a very low rate of wages, gave them what was requisite to pay a rent, anl for such clothing and other articles as were absolutely necessary, and which with a great propoition were on the lowest scale of human existence. The foundation of ahe whole, however, was the pos session of the bit of land it was the one, and the only one. thing absolutely necessary therent cbnsequeathj was high, and. generally will paid, being tbe first demand oil all.

money received, in order to secure that essential tenure, and only what remained became applicable to the other objects. i Although of the lowest grade, it was an easy mode subsistence, and led to the encouragement of marriages, large families, and a rapidly increasing population I and at the same time afforded the proprietor a very good return of profit for his Ixnd. We can hardly wonder at tbe continuance ofthis improvident system, us it has been called. The entiro loss of the potato in 1846 threw this whole class into absolute destitution whatever little means could be obtaine i went for food thousands died of want, and of course not a shilling of rent could be raised among them, thus spreading 'distress to many superior classes. The next to these were the small farmers who cultivated from 6 to 20 or 30 acres, and may be supposed to have been exempt from being much by the oalamiiy.

bul were not They in fact, without capital; the food for themselves, and dependents, wos si ill the.potato hadoj'cow or two, perhaps a pony and a cart, and two or i three pigs, Tbeir farming was of the most slovenly. description, and their selling produce, after paying their, rent, oft'orded a little better olothing and little more of comforts than enjoyed by the cottiers; Still the main stay was the potato. When that went, everything else at the disposition of this class was required tor. food, and. with a great number was insufficient; the payment of rent was not only impossible, but all the little stock and other means for future continuance of tbeir babi tual occupation were disposed of 4 and a great number ot this olass were added, to.

the. absolutely destitute. Here again is experienced another falling off; for these constituted the lower ratepayers, whose contributions for supporting tbe poor can not only no longer be looked to, bul who will themselves, many of them, add to the number oi paupers to bs supported. The extent to whioh these two claonea were affeoted by the. loss of may be estimated by the numbers that it was found necessary to furnish with mere food for many months in 1847, which at onetime amounted to 3,000,000 individuals.

It is usual to consider the property in Ireland generally as fairly chargeable with the remedy tor tne result ot tfm calamity after the first helpiug hand given to it, but ii cannot be so adjusted. In all parts tbe evil has been felt, but in some much more intensely than in others. On all the eastern side of Ireland, from north to south, the proximity to the English markets induced a greatei cultivation of produce for barter, and there are mon farmers, graziers, independent' of such an article at- the potato, although there is mixed up with them a largt number of cottiers but even these latter have in some degree more resonroes in available means for the application of their labour. Tbese districts, therefore, may rsaeonably be required to make the necessary sacrifices to struggle through tbt difficulty, and may comprehend, pirtiap9, lour-uttbB of tb? oountry but the remaining fifth that along the west ol Ireland remains in a most deplorable condition, and has not within itself the possible power of relief. Tbe west of Ireland is far removed from markets, and it would require the judicious application of much capital and under more favourable circumstances than Ireland has yet afforded, to raise it from its late oondition of mere self supporting existenoe, The consequence has been that these western counties are almost entirely occupied by the cottiers and small holders above described, not only arising from their backward state as regards the production of articles for barter, but by another casual circumstanca in the nature of the ooast, whioh being in deep gulfs and inlets, supplied them with an abundance of sea weed, which ap plied to the land was peculiarly favourable to the propagation of the potato.

Hence the great body of the people there are now without food, and the few above them without tbe rents whioh could supply their only means of relieving the rest. Id other countries one interest may oome to the relief of another the farmer may relieve the manufacturer and merchant, and vice versa, as the case requires it but in Ireland there is but one interest, being that in tbe produce of the land. It may be assumed, perhaps, that tbe people having now gone through the periods of dearth of the two last years, ought to be sufficiently provided for by the abundant produce of the present season. Undoubtedly the espeoial hand of Providence baB baen thus mercifully extended towards the relief of tbe people, in a manner that will, greatly mitigate the general distress, but it still leaves.a large-amount absolutely requiring a great extent of human and humane exertion. Although the potatoes have supoeeded better this year than on the two former, not above one-sixth of the usual quantity has been planted, and that not by small occupiers, as usual for their support, because the case appeared hoDe- (essj and aren otherwise the seed wsa wanting.

I for some days psst. The In consols ere oo governed bv the state of the account tre ne quotations vl Thwrn is no oimr- aunni tne morning oeing "lu enco in the quot for money. TrWr cents. r-duoed have been done MJ to the thread after per cents from S2 3 end bank stock from to 180. The Excb-qu, 11 market indicates a partially reneweo pressure, the large olass of bills havinK been done at 20s die.

Railway shares are on ihi average lower, end there were ajain indications of sales beii forced, and those in some oi th" leading lines. QUABTEB' BEFORE THREE -Consols iot AflCOIWt, 83 1 (From the Standard City Article mL. It i-. s. n.nirniiv calculated to attrac attention in the monled oiroles in the present etato i tho iitan aro of affairs at boms.

Althougu tne paymouw ki- na.i nf time, strong to oe spreaa over a ooasiaorBum doubts are entertained if the oontraot can 00 F-eDch capi-alists without assistance rrom nnr monetary attairs water. in tne present pui" ever, pound of capiul abstracted to promote foreign objects is an unalloyed evil, and it is therefore the mpera do ty cf the IMreotors of the Bank of England to wield be nor-mous power they possess ito -SSta far as possioie. it is ourwu, the present day is strict), of a tedfs to the only means by which a aeibZr Ja maimain suoh a high rate of interest, or other words such a lowprice for corresponding securities, mt more profi-able to retain money at home and much will therefore depend upon tbe directors of the bank ac ateadil, on this principle until the orisis is over. From everv that can at present be taken of however, there is no probability that money will be muoU lower in value.till aconsiderable period of time and oonse quently it is quite unreasonable to suppose that the inrao uer Cent. Stock can be maintained above 80, or about SJ per cent.

pr annum, when equally good securities aro bearing double the amount. From the Times Ci Article.) The letters from the oountry this (Monday) morning are free from tidings of disaster. At Liverpool Saturday ne.t the period looked forward to with most an.e.,, as on j.L a. ha mature whtoh woto remitted i Ua Sat nf A 1117 lint. from New xora oy toe steamm- ui The failure of James and William Morley, Manchester warehousemen, wa, announced this morning.

The bouse was of about fort, years' standing, and the labilities it is supposed, may amount to about 60,0001. or 80,0001. The immediate cause of the suspension was the oiroum. stance of their holding acoeptanoes of Bickards, Little, and Co. (From the Morning Post City Article Their (Messrs.

Morley liabilities are plaoed at 126 but it' appears that they have a fair amount of available assets. Mr. W. Nash, who has been respeotably engaged in the woollen trade and the discounting business, was alio obliged to bring his affairs to a close. This gentleman opped payment on a former occasion, but aasoon at he was able to retrieve himself, he performed the very honourable partof paying over, creditor 20s.

in tbe pound. His name is, on thiaaooonnt, apart from all others, justly held in much veneration among men of business. The suspension of a firm at Liverpool, and that of asubstont'al ahipowneraod general merchant at Waterford, have likewise been spoken of oa 'Change. The Waterford home has ample means to meet all demands upon it, and can only have been brought to a a-and still by oauses of a temporary nature. Two at least of the smaller houses that were in difficulties' on Saturday do not seem to have found the means of resuming.

The Portuguese ronoern was that of Mr. Soares, agent to the Bank of Lisbon, the Levant merchant referred to, Mr. Bernoulli. The Bank of England are said to hove afforded special assistance to a mercantile bouse on Saturday. Monday they have been liberal towards the minor class of appltoams for disoounts.

A great, number were accommodated, in order, no doubt, to give support to traders not likely to supply. The large firms, on. the contrary, including some of the first iu London in point of reputation, are reported to have been unsuccessful in their applications (From the Morning Chronicle City Article Accounts from Manchester give a lamentable history of the commercial proceedings of the past week. The failure of Messrs. James, Son, and Co.

is not of any great importance. Tbe sutpension of Mr. Tebbut appears to have been most unexpected. The bouse had been of long standing in tbe soap trade. It would appear that the prospects of the creditors on Messrs.

Burt Wotson, ond Co's estate are not encouraging. The debts to bona fide creditors amount to 97,0001., besides heavy acceptances to the tune of 70,0001. more, while the mse'a scarcely reaoh 23 0001. We learn that at a meeting of Messrs James and creditors, the statements made were considered perfectly sati'facory. We' understand that the notices of withdrawal given by depositors et some of the principal savings' bat ks during he past week have been more numerous and for larger amounts than for a long time past.

The low price of the public securities, offsrine nearly four per cens. on investments, has naturally had this eff and the savings' bank depositors who have reached tbe maximum of their deposits allowed by law, are gladly availing themselves of the present opp irtunity to transfer their money to a more profitable Investment. (From the Liverpool Mercury.) IXTa a. fn oftto that in rha' lof.taff, nf mil- IVfnnp.haafai. correspondent, the stoppage of the house of Ponnioutou and Rjder is announced.

As regards the firm of Penning ton and Ryder, of Liverpool, we are assured that there is not the slightest foundation for the rumour. It is one of the most substantial and monied houses in the kingdom. Tbe supposition is that the rumour has its foundation either io malice or jealousy. The Oldham Banking Company is understood to bave made a proposal lor winding up its affairs, on Saturc'aj, to one of the larger concerns in the neighbourhood and Monday, at Manchester; the news was current that it bad stopped payment The statement did not oreate much sensation, it being known to have done but a limited business. The company was formed in 1836, when there were about fifty partners ut, according to tbe returns published in February last, the list contained but 33 names.

Thebank bad no branohea, and the capital is said not to bave exceeded 20,0001. The immediate cause of stoppage is understood to have been that they held bills to seme considerable amount of De Jersey and Co. 'a npon John Thomas, Son, and Lefevere. From the number and respectability of the partners, it is ooDjeoiured that the publio will lose nothing by the stoppage, From the Glasgow Saturday Post.) Affaibs of Messb8 Ueid, Robebtson, add Co. We understand that an adjourned meeting of the oreditors of Messrs.

Reid, Robertson, and' was held yesterday, at whioh an offer of 9s. in the pound, payable by instalments, was inside to' the meeting, arid conditionally entertained no definite conclusion, however, was arrived at. THE TEA TRADE. Monday, Oct. 21.

The deliveries of tea last week were being an increase- of nearly over tbe preceding week. The market is nevertheless quiet. The Sugar Duties Tho revenue authorities having had brought under their consideration two questions with respect to the rates of duty to be levied on deficiencies of BUgar; first, as to the proper rates of duty chargeable upon deficiencies arising on sugar refined in bond, and also upon bastard sugar and molasses, the resultof such refining, in instances in which the deficiencies occur in the removal of the article from one warehouse to another End, secondly, as to the rates of duty upon deficiencies upon refined sugar deposited in a bonded warehouse, after being refined in bond and the board being of opinion that such deficiencies on refined sugar shonld be' charged with the duty payable upon unrefined sugar, equal in quality to wbite olajerl, in conformity with the rate imposed by the third table contained in the eat 9 and 10 Viotoria, oap. 63, on sugar or molasses the growth and produce of auy foreign country and that the like deficiencies upon bastard sugar be charged at the rate of doty leviable in such table on brown sugar, being muscovado or clayed, or any other sugar not being equal in quality to white clayed and further, that tho deficiencies upon molasses should be oharged with duty, in conformity with tbe rate set forth in the before mentioned table of the act, observing that the deficiencies of bastard sugar and molasses, which may arise whilst the goods are deposited in tbe warehouse, are not changeable with duty (provided there be no reason to sus-peot that fraud has been committed), agreeably to tbe treasury order of the 18th and the board's minute of the it of August, 1844, or the subject a minute to that effiot has been issued, and the order communicated to the officers of the revenue in the port of London, and the collectors and controllers of the customs, at the severs! ports throughout the united kingdom, for their future government in the matter. To Cabd Playebs The following notice fcss just been issued from tbe Office of Stamps and Taxes" It having beoome known that certain persons engaged in the manufacture of playing-cards, are makiog attempts to promote the sale of unstamped cards, under the pretence of their being waste, by reason of a corner of eaoh card being out off, khe Commissioners of Stamps and Taxes deem it right to give notioe, that a penalty of 10J.

is imposed upon the vender.of every pack of oards sold by him not containing an Ace of Spades duly stamped, without regard to the CTr b8ing Cut or not ond Pack ot saoh cards found in the possession of any person'whatever, a penalty of five pounds is imposed. The commissioners give farther notice, that every person found offending herein will be proceeded against In the Court of Exob.eqo.er fot tnepenaiafls taootsea. I per tit Cons. do 8iporCt Stock oj ueoentures, it Annuites Jank stock 1934 Stock S.Canal Stock Do Deba 6pr ct Do Robe Spr ot Oo Deba 4pr ct jo ueo pr ct new JUy do 4 pr ot 72 uu uo 4 pr ct new I pr ct Bal 08 lieoD.witnlTOv SccurUj I percent Pipe Wat I per cent Plpo Wat KScg.n-tvra Roilwaj Dobs 4 pr. ct THE DUBLIN SHARE MARKET Yesterday.

Miscellaneous. I Stock Bx, HoyalEx. Wicklow Cbpptsr Mine Dublin National Glass Com I I 103 Gd Railway. 1 -1" 1 Midland Great 'Western and I I Hoyal Canal DUBLIN, THUfiSDAY, OCTOBER 14, 1847. THE APPROACHING FAMINE THE IRISH BISHOPS THE ENGLISH GOVERNMENT.

"We subjoin two letters which will be read with tho deepest interest by all who may peruse them, with astonishment by all who, reflecting on the do-nothing policy of our rulers, read the condemnation of that policy furnished by the letters of their own trusted and confidential officers, which set forth as they doin such unexaggerated phrase the coming famine, which threatens to exceed even that of last year. We have week after wcf.k endeavoured to fasten attention upon the terrible truth, that next year will be to the people as last year, and worse. Confidential communications, full of facts as to the real state of the country, with which we have been favoured from some of the most venerated personages in the land, have enabled us while others were talking1 of the noble harvest which was to banish the very remembrance of famine from the minds of our people to see and tell our readers, that though we have been blest with a bountiful oat crop, the people are now, and will be daring the winter and spring, without home grown food. The government knew this fact as well as we did yet their cry has been, levy 3s, in the pound off every union, and we will give you time to repay the remnant of last year's advance. Sir George Grey told us when applied to, that England never called on Ireland for aid," and that henceforth Ireland must support her own poor, and not look to British aid.

Since this letter was written no event, sane oie, has arisen to causa any portion of the English government to adopt a different tone yet that little event has had the effect of inducing the Secretary to the Treasury and the head of the Irish relief system to avail themselves of the first excuse that offered for an nouncing, on behalf of the government, their belief in the certain coming of that famine, whose approach will unfortunately be but too palpable when the circumstance we alluda to shall have developed its results. Need we say that we allude to the known determination of the Irish prelates to take upon themselves the championing of the people's right to live, and to the fact, known to many some weeks ago, that the clergymen, in pursuance of that determination, are already engaged in several districts in making a census whereon to base the case to be put forward by tbe bishops in due season. "We feel that to the Irish bishops, and to their neal and firmness, is due the disclosure made by the go vernment officers. The harangues of the Times against the charity doled to beggars form the pretextthe resolve of the bishops to have justice for the people is the cause. Yet; with the knowledge which these letters prove the government to be possessed of, what have they done to avert the impending ruin Nothing, absolutely nothiKg.

Oh yes I they have called, by Queen's Letter, for an almsgiving to the Irish beggars Out upon them and their insulting alms We want not their alms or their pity. We want our rights. We are men, and have as good a right to live as they. We are as large contributors to the wealth, and power, and credit of tho empire as are any eight millions of the English people We claim our right to so much of the wealth, power, and credit we haye helped to create, as may be necessary to enable us at least to maintain life without the intolerable degradation of living upon the alms of the nations of the earth. We want no more alms.

If we are to live, we must live as beoomes'men otherwise better cease to exist. Yet this begging-bos exhibition is the only thing our elevating government has done for us. Seif-respect" and self reliance" were never out of the mouths pf those hypocrite economists yet the "self-respect" they would teach us is the making U6 a nation of mendicants. Why not, knowing and we now have the confession of their own.officers to prove it as they did, that a worse famine than that of last yearimpends, at once call parliament together, and act, so as to save life? Their delays last year slew thousands and tens of thousands of our people, i thev about to do the same this year? We appeal from the government to the Bishops, who are about to assemble, for an answer to this query. The following are the letters they will show that already the famine is upon the West that the people have not food that the landlords have no money wherewith to employ and that the farmers are unable to pay the rates TO THE EDITOB or THE TIMES.

Sib -I hope you willi in justice to those who have ap-pointed a general eolleotion in the ohurcbeB on the (the day of the Thanksgiving), undStill more in pity to the unhappy people in the western districts of Ireland, who-will again periBb by thousands this year if they era nofr publish, the aooompaofiog statement, wbiob few consequently, not obligatory for the state of Luoerne; ond it behoves the authorities not to conform to the demand to acknowledge such a decision, and to renouunoe this right. To this declaration, made openly, we join the assurance of cur perfect respect. TURKEY AND GREECE. A letter from Constantinople of the 28th ult. communis Gates the important fact, in connection with the Turkish and Greek dispute, that the Ottoman Porte has at length given effect to its resolution prohibiting Greek oommeroe jn Turkish ports.

Seventeen vessels bad, in conformity with this resolution, been ordered to discharge cargoes already shipped. The PaohaB of Egypt and Tunis had recognised the ordeis of the Porte to suspend relation i with Greece. By the Levant mail we have received the journals from Constantinople to the 28tb, and from Athens to. the 30th ult. 'S he cholera had increased at Trebisondp, where, of 350 cases, there had been 150 deathB.

The official physi-oian reported that the disease did not offer the virulent character whioh it had when it last invaded Europe, and that, of the oases in whioh medical aid is supplied at a sufficiently early stage, nine tenths reoover. Tbe disease had nearly disappeared frcm Kara and Erzeroum on the 4th. Tbe insurgents of Albania had made their last effort, nd the insurrection may be considered as finally put down. conduct of the Turkish soldiers towards the conquered a described. as brutal in the extreme.

Lord Cowley oensured the conduct of the British oonoul at Prevesa for taking Grivas under hiB protection. Commercial letters have been reoeived, brought by the screw steamer Antelope, from Brazil, the accounts of the state of trade from all the ports being of a very discouraging character. Tbe markets. were glutted with every descrip-tiouof manufactured commodities, and successive arrivals of further supplies prevented all chanoe of obtaining anything like remunerating prices. A Congress of Jewish Reformers is to meet in the oourse of the month at Berlin, to discuss questions relative to the reforms whioh may be introduced in Judaism, to render it bettor adapted to the wants of thecentury.

On the 2d a collision took nlooe at Turin, between some aoldiers of tbe infantry and artillery regiments, in whioh several were killed on both sides. The threatened reduotlon of wages at Ashton and MoBley, Stookoort, has set the masses in thn nniohhnurhood in motion. There seems a most resolute determination on the part of the operatives to resist all reduction of wages. A yery crowded meeting of factory operatives was hold in the Court House here on Wednesday evening last. The objeot of the meeting was to consider what steps should bo adopted to avert the threatened reduction.

William Hohart, an operative spinner, presided. Mr. Pilling, from Ashton strongly deprecated all reduotion of wages, as alike injurious to master and man, He urged them by all means to oome to a fixed resolution to tffecta general cessation from labour for a given time. A resolution to that effeot was unanimously adopted amidst loud oheere. It was also resolved to raise subscriptions in favour of the turn outs.

Delegates were also appointed to attend the convention." A. tobool for gipsies was opened at Farnham on Tuesday. It is intended for tbo eduoation pf orphan Ripsey ohildren, and for the ohildren of those gipsies who have large families. All will hi re be taught to read and write. The girls will be trained to the various'houeehold duties, and fitted to go out to servioe the boys will be carefully inetruoted, and, when arrived at'a proper age, apprenticed to some useful trade..