Dayton Daily News from Dayton, Ohio • 18

SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 29, l3 THE DAYTON DAILY NEWS 4 SECOXD SECTION Five Important Steps Toward Tokyo Say Large Scale Aid To China Must Be Held Up Until Hitler Is Beaten muat await at leant th driving out bringing about Japan'i defeat, but Chinese, but can only be minimiied any large aid lo i.nina, in uie iy auppiying i wim me gooaa ''-V" 'VWtyo Lc 1 VWC Sea of Japan 1)1 'l it iteX opinion of expert and strategist he to aorely la How much American aid has here, deoends upon transportation of the axii) forcea from Tunisia. It haa become more evident than ever how closely related military operation in the Atlantic and th Pacific hava become. Military plans are dependent mainly on auppliea and shipping, and long of supplies over land route and for the moment there are no 'such route svsilabie. Tht firt step Is, been increased of late has not been disclosed. Th only figures avsil-sbl come from Japanex propa BY WILFRID FLEISIIER p-ll Nw Tors Hirl' TrtfcUM to 1m l)vion i'ny WASHINGTON, Feb.

27.llijfh American officials from the president down devoted much of their attention last week ti the pressing question of giving increased aid to China, a problem brought more than ever to the fore-front by the presence of Mm. Chiang Kai-shek, of tho generalissimo, an a tti the White House. therefore, to reopen the Burma road, and that meant the recapture of Burma from the Japanese, aa tns tmiation in North Arrlca remain critical tha buik of United Nation shipping must be used to carry auppliea there to keep the Hntiah and American forcea in ac- ganda broadcasts which, or course, cannot be relied upon and which may be taken st giving th very minimum figure. Acording to a recent broadcast by Col. Yahagi, the Tokyo army spokesman, the Chinese have approximately liG planes snd there is an equal number of American plane in China, bringing th total up to 300 plane.

Col. Yahagi said that recently 17 new airfield were built in Chin That mean that plana for Hut pressing a thin problem I 'in other campaigns, either in Kuropa who seized it last May at the climax of their tweep through southeastern Asia. In a tpeerh at the White House Correspondents' association dinner on Lincoln's birthday Preti-dent Roosevelt forecat "great and decisive actions against the Japanese to drive tha invader from the soil of China" and aid Important actions would be taken in A and that "there appeared to be preparation for direct telephone connections with Alaska." Hi or the Far Kaxt, although they may hava been drawn up in every detail at the Caaahlanra meeting, muat be held in abeyance. No one from the president down a Mra. Chiang Kai-shek certainly ha learned during her visit here minimizes the importance of the Chine theater of operation! or tha part which China ia playing recognized to be, it ia the concensus in well informed quarter here, that President Rootevelt fan-not have given Mra.

Chiang all the encouragement the generalissimo and other Chinese officials would have liked to receive at thi time. Tho fart ia plainly that the United Nation are committed to the policy of defeating Hitler firit in Europe, and that any large-scale action in the Far Eastern theater the kiea over China and over Japan Itself. The president thu indicated that China Is to becom an important furture base of oner atlont against the Japanese, and gwu and muat continue play there are many here who believe that China will play the same role Hno JZ I China statement betray Japanese nervousness over the growing air trength in Chin and eventual bombing of Japan. Th American government' policy in it aid program to China consists of stepping up air deliveries to th Chinese, not only of military supplies but of essential civilian needs, while, at th same time, actively preparing for an eventual drive Into Burma, which Is not expected to materialist until HINGCHOW -v- 'Vv- 1 I in the Far Eastern war aa North Africa Is playing In the European in liiiis'1 "7onoi Yn.rur" Sea I 3 war, and will become the spring board for an eventual attack on Jspsn Itself. foui large quantiliei ef tighter and bombm planet, at (atoline, munition and equipment into China by on trantoorf Capture Nonchang' to American-mod tuppbet ton moved by railroad ttraight arou China a th ot ceatt Csnrantrat Chirm veteran la eentehdat cook al area, retakt and Improve many ait field and ready -mad botet Drive north to deprive Jap ol Shanghoi't port, neutralii batet enemy fighter might ute la check Allied eperotiont Undti shelter ol Allied fighter and cleared area ta the north, blatt Japan'i mainland with long rang bombing planet But president Rnotevelt car JTT T- I mmm The Lyons Den Kwongw talnly did not mean to convey the after tha monaoon teaton it over "to I mi a I next autumn.

impression that turh a campaign would be carried out by a mere ttrengthening of the preaent Chi am nese or Amerlctn air forces In Chins, tuch as would result from By Leonard Lyons: stepping up the flow of supplies JAPANESE TERRITORY ALLIED AIR IASES Af AIR IASCS A NAVAL BASES now carried bv the Himalayan ai Payment Of War Debts Is Considered ferry service from India to China Ha wa giving assurance to the, Chinese that the day would come when they no longer would be fighting the Japanese aggressor alone on their soil, and that the United States attached as much importance to this campaign as WASHINGTON, Feb. America must not expect payment any other nation. "In gold or good" from her World War II lend-lease debtor, the house foreign affairs committee American strategist have been poring over map, trying to figure out way of increasing the flow of American aid to China. Such plana wsrned today. NEW YORK, Feb.

27. MaJ. Anatol Lilvak, who arrived at C-bin lira with the if at assault troop, returned lo Kngland wllh the picture he had taken. In London aaked his friend to ahuw him aome American newspaper, for he hadn't arm any In a long lime. MaJ.

William Wylcr smiled and gave him a ropy of tha Hollywood Reporter The first page announced that Frank Capra' "Prelude lo Victory" was a hit. Capra had been responsible for this picture being made, hut no mention was made of Litvak'i supervision of the film. The second page announced "Our Willie Wylrr in Africa." Wylrr hadn't been there, and Litvak had The third page reported "Pat Pane, once linked with Anatol Lilvak, will marry Tommy Horsey." Luclua IWlie met Lt, C.en. William C. Knudsen at the home of Evalyn Walsh McLean.

Ilerbe whispered something to a waiter, ho brought him aome drink Knudsen tipped from one of the glasses, and then aaked: "What ia thlt?" "That'a fine old brandy," Htebe informed "Brandy?" Knudsen gasped. "And 1 just paid the Mayo Clinic tlO.Ooo to tell ma I mustn't drink." During the Rooaevelt-ChurchiH conferences in Africa, an officer approached Sgt. Robert Ilnpkina of the lignal corpa and asked his name, rank and aerial number. The next day young Hopkina was told that he was being ordered to return to America with the president, to photograph the presidents trip "Dad, I want to use aome Influence." Robert confessed lo his father, Harry Hopkins. "I need aome pull" "What ia It?" Hopkina asked.

Hi eon whispered: "I don't want lo leave here, at least until Tunis falls" a Ths ordera were changed. In a report approving a one-year belong In the realm of military extension of tha lend-lease act, secret, but it la evident that the reopening of the Burma road I ths committee said final lend-lease of first importance. If a drive is settlements must be "of such to he launched for the recapture of Punna it muat get under way nature ss not to burden commerce." before mid-May, when the mon "The methods of settlement by payment In gold or in goods have In the past proved self-defeating tions which have been followed by long periods when the planes were earth-bound for want of supplies. China's demands are not excessive. T.

V. Soong has asked for 100 cargo planes to supply the needs of Chinese industry. Col. Robert Seott, commander of fighters under Chcnnault, Baid that with only 500 fighter planes in constant operation the American Air Force could drive the Japanese from the skies of China. The Chinese armies have neither artillery nor airplanes.

It seems manifestly impossible to carry artillery Into China by air, but planes can be flown in and can be used as artillery in supporting offensives by Chinese ground troops. Such offensives would be aimed primarily at getting air bases within bombing range of key Japanese positions in China and of the Japanese islands themselves. Of course, with each advance the supply lines behind us would be lengthened and the task of keeping our air force in opera- tion would be magnified. The answer to that is more cargo planes. Japan's great industrial cities, her ship yards and naval bases are all well within range of airfield which the Chinese have already built rtear the Pacific coast in areas which the Japanese armies have not yet occupied.

The Chinese believe that we should make every effort whatever the costto hit Japan now, while the Japanese are still vulnerable to air attacks and before they complete the job of consolidating their positions in the Facific and on the Asiatic mainland. The Japanese are thinly spread. Heavy attacks on their strongholds in China might force them to withdraw from Burma thus permitting reopening of the Burma Road for supplies or from some of the other conquered territories. There are many roads to Tokyo, as President Roosevelt said. Rut there is no royal road, no easy path.

The air route through India is one of the most difficult, but it is one that is open to us now and one that might pay the biggest immediate dividends by keeping China In the war and by softening up Japan for our ultimate invasion. NfcW YORK, Feb. 27. It will require hundred of airplane and scores of ships to implement President Roosevelt' promise of more help to China but the tremendous effort will be more than repaid by the of hitting Japan where it hurti. What China wtntt first of all it airplanct cargo carriert, big bombers and fighters.

All of them, plus all their spsre psrts, smmunitlon, gasoline, bombs and crews will have to Te flown in to China. The shortest route is over the mountains from Calcutta, India, to Kunming in the deep interior of southwestern China, In fact that it almost the only route left st present, inasmuch aa our Soviet slliet will not risk war with Japan by letting us fly the. Alaska-Siberia-China route. To reach Calcutta with supplies from American port, freighters must pound for many days down and across the South Atlantic, round the Cape of Good Hope, and then climb laboriously up the other Ride nf the world to India. From Calcutta, fighter plane equipped with extra gas tanks can easily make the UOO-mila flight to Kunming or to other nearby Chinese air fields.

But then they are tied to the ground until big cargo planes fly in enough gasoline to enable the fighters to perform tome combat mission. Every 50 caliber bullet, every bomb, every replacement part and piece of repair equipment also muat be flown over the lofty, storm-tossed mountsins. The distances are great that the pay-load of cargo planes is limited by the amount of gasoline they must carry for their return flights. The job is staggering in its proportions but it can be done and has been done on a small scale during the past year. At Madama Chiang Kai-shek reminded a White House press conference in discussing the subject "the Lord helps thoBe who help themselves." For the past year Prig.

Gen. Claire Chennault's American Air F'orce in China has been carrying on at intervals, hoarding its gasoline and bullets for occasional offensive or defensive opera soon season begins, or It will have to wait until autumn, and there are few so optimistic as to believe now that any large-scale drive to re snd destructive," the committee taid. lt cited America's experi ence following the last war aa an take Burma can he undertaken be example. fore the end of the year, In view To employ such methods In the of the war developments in North forthcoming post-war period would Africa. Miller Canlff, formerly of Dayton, who draw the carton-atrip in the committee's opinion, "seriously interfere with the achieve Terry and the Pirate will become a United Mates army pri Stocks of lend-lease material have been piled up in India and are continuing to be stored there vate on March 8.

He will work for "Yank" Harold Romo, ment of the conditions of world aho wrote "Franklin D. Roosevelt Jones" and whose "Lunehtime economic order on which the pros in preparation for the I Hi in a campaign, at was disclosed by FoIUps" song recently were broadcast by The March of Time, enters the army on March 8 Tom Wanamaker ia the grandson of John perity or this country largely depends." The committee slso warned by Franklin Ray, head of the China Wanamaker, founder of one of the world's great department store. branch of lend-lease, In hit report inference against seeking to use young Wanamaker enlisted in the navy and now la taking a course to the foreign affairs committee of tho house of representatives current lend-lease aid to our allies ef studies for the job to which the navy will assign him. Wanamaker as a means nf gaining post-war hnre last week. Gon.

Archibald commercial advantages. P. Wavall, Hritish commander studying how to be a storekeeper. Some week sgo F.ddie Cantor did a show at the Henry Kaiser shipyards. Mr.

Kaiser became aa enthusiastic, during Can' A deftly worded paragraph In India, and Lt. Gen, Joseph T. the report appeared to be aimed Stllwoll, the American commander have been mapping such a cam directly at persons who have been tor's ainglng of "Margie," that he accompanied Fridie, clearly and audibly. "Ilow about appearing on my radio program Cantor -THE GALLUP POLL demanding that lend-lease airdromes built In foreign lands be paign, but it must wait upon the delivery of far greater stock of suggested "I'll he glad to," Kaiser countered, "hut If I go Into show business wllh you, you've got lo go Into the ship building opened to American commercial business with me." Thai' why Henry J. Kaiser broadcasts with aviation during and after the war.

supplies as well as upon naval aid. The situation would be complicated Eddie Cantor this week, and that's why Mra. Cantor and her five Many Think FDR To Seek 4th Term Ihe problems of "air rights gen further if disturbance should break out in India, as the result of agitation by Gandhi sympa erally which in their ramifications can be taken up only as the gen-ernl development of our foreign RV GF.ORC.F. GALLUP Director, American Institute of policy permits," the report taid. Public Opinion PRINCETON, N.

Feb. Committee Chairman Sol Rloom, N. declined to expand on the paragraph. He did, how thizers. In the meantime, our aid program to China can be stepped up to the extent of sending more planes and supplies, and that ia being done gradually but it is realized here that it would be useless to send the 600 planes the found in the reaction of the coun-; Roosevelt could handle better than try toward the initial breaking of i Wendell Willkie.

precedent the third term-during By tha gam6 it Beems like. the months leading up to the 1940 that the war rather thnn the presidential race. fourtn term is8Ue( wiu be the de. A study of that record sheds cisive factor in the 1944 election, light on the present situation be-1 That evidenced in the re-cause it shows that the third term to the f0nnwinf, two survey question had to be considered in qUMtions one showing fourth relation to events rather than as t.rm i nvr Will President Roosevelt run for a. fourth term What are hit chances ever, characterize as "untrue" recent reports that American com for reelection if he does? mercial planes are not permitted to The political air is already be with opinions began to think he would be a candidate; eight months later he was nominated.

2. Although much will depend oft how strong a candidate the Republicans pick in 1041, at this time the war seems to be the biggest single factor In the president's chances for reelection. It Is still too early to tell whether the president would win if he ran again. There are too many variables and unknown factors in the situation. But from present indications it seem clear that he has a better chance of being reelected if the war is still going on in 1944.

coming thick with verbal flurries use fields built In New Zealand with lend-lease funds, i concerning these crucial questions. Representative Melvin Maat, and the other if the war is still Interest in the fourth term is not had told the com Chines have been demanding1 unless sufficient gasoline and spare parts also can be delivered. Trained ground crews also are needed In China, since it requires a large number of men on the ground for confined to party workers or politicians. A recent survey by the mittee last week that lend-lease built 105 air bases in New Zealand Institute reveals that voters in but that they were closed to all parts of the country have opinions on the subject. every plane kept in the air.

Since the ferry planet from India must American transport lines "when I was there." As of today, the state of public carry enough gasoline to make a It loom said the New Zealand a factor by itself. An overwhelming majority of Americans were against the third term in the days of peace. Only one voter in every three with opinions was willing to accept a third term in an Institute survey in April, 1939. But the country's attitude was soon to be changed by two events the outbreak of the war in September, 1939, and the invasion of the lowland by Hitler in May, 1940. Directly after the outbreak of tha war, the proportion willing to vntA fnr a third trm inrroasnil to round trip, the loads they can minister informed hint the airfields going on: "If the yar is still going on and Roosevelt runs for a fourth term next year, do you think you will vote for him or against him?" For 39 Against ,...50 Undecided 11 "If the war is still on and Roosevelt runs for a fourth term next year, do you think you will vote for him or against him?" For ..51 opinion concerning a fourth term may be summarised as follows on the basis of interviews with repre carry are limited, to there appear question were financed entirely daughters wilt christen a Kaiser ahip next month, Tha congressional Investigation of Jock Whitney's army commission is based upon a mistake.

Representative Thomns requested tha war department to investigate Whitney'a being commissioned aa a lieutenant colonel and sent to Kngland as a public relations officer. Jock Whitney, at a matter of fart, was commissioned aa a captain, and waa promoted to major, on Christmas day, in Africa. It was ''Sonny" Whitney who was commissioned aa a lieutenant colonel. Before Pvt. William Stroytn and his bride, Carol Marcus, left for Dayton, to be married, the groom warned her parental "We're going lo have five er possibly six children" "That would be an unusually large family," Mrs.

Marcus replied. "Why do you want so many children, Hill?" "Recall there's an Austrian army bring founded In this country, a Free Italian army, a Free French army, a Polish army, all kinds of srmie," Haroyan explained. "Well, nobody's ever had an Armenian army and I'm going to start one, in my own way." On Monday night, from hit Chicago hole! room, Marshall Field tried to phone the New York office of his newspaper, I'M. "The line's busy," the operator quickly told him "Ilow do you know?" Field challenged "Because someone in Room 636 is phoning I'M right now," the operator explained "Never mind phoning New York," Field then told her. "Just get mo Room 636." That's how Marshall Field first met Sgt.

James Cannon, who writes the army Column for I'M, Helen Sinussat, who head the Talks department at CHS and whose new book, "Mikes Don't Kile" waa published last week, waa the guest of honor yesterday at the Woman Pay Club. Hefore the meeting began, tho radio writer and officials told the executives Df the club: "He sure you have a mike at the speaker's table for me -any make, even a dead one because I'm nervous without a mike," Anna Lee, the movie actress, arrived In New York from Hollywood. She made the trip by train, hoping to find rest and relaxation that way. On the first niht out from California, Lee waa nimble to sleep, because of the all-night typing in the compartment next door The next morning she asked the porter about it. "That's Mr.

Raymond Muley of Newsweek," the porter told her, Mr. Moley did no night-typing for the rot of the trip. Itecause at the first stop, in La Vegas, Mis Lee and her entourage rushed to the newsstand, and then returned to the dining car where, with phvious glare at Mr. Moley, they all opened their copies of the fival Time magacinc. the New Zealand government.

to be no immediate prospect of the United Nations being able to send sentative voters in all the 48 states: The committee said lend-lease was "an essential part of our me- in enough supplies to keep a force of 500 planes aloft. haniam for waging war" and that has operated thus far "with bril- For the moment it lt believed lant effectiveness. best to concentrate, therefore, on what China needs most and that For example, when interviewers for the Institute asked people, first, whetiier they would vote for Mr. Roosevelt if the war is still going on, and second, whether they would vote for him if the war is over, they found that sentiment for a fourth term would run 12 percentage points higher if the war is ttill in progress. That might make the difference between victory and defeat of the administration in the election.

The president has, of course, not yet stated hit intentioni concerning 1944 and probably will not for tome time to come, if he follows his 1910 policy of keeping mum un- Describing lend-lease and reverse 37 .12 end-lease aid given to American 46 per cent of those with opinions in a national survev. Suhseouentlv I Lndecided comprises, besides military aid, 1. The country has pretty well made up Its mind that Mr. Roosevelt will be a candidate in 1944. With the nominating convention still 18 months away, approximately six out of every 10 voters with definite opinions think he will run, and an even larger proportion are convinced he will run if the war it still going on.

In fact, more people are convinced that he will run for a fourth term than were convinced, at a certain essential civilian goods, armed forces by our allies as Confining the above results to V- the cooperative effort of free Including medical supplies. China's economic condition is critical and there Is urgent need for shoes, people," the report said it had the trend leveled off until May, 1940, when, with the invasion of Holland and Belgium by Hitler, the figure rose to 67 per cent and proved more effective than the axis clothing, cotton cloth, machinery ystem of conscripting supplies those voters with definite opinion. the vote is 41 per cent for a fourth term if the war is over, and 58 per cent if the war is ttill going on. Nobody knows, of course, when continued unchanged until the and food from the United Nations. from conquered states.

Democratic nominating: convention Since the Burma road has been "There is no substitute for be- in the summer. I rourhlv comparable period of time, til the convention ief in the cause of freedom and cut China has been virtually The fact that Mr. Roosevelt was running for a third term undoubt that he would run for a third term. Assuming that he does become a Thirteen months before the Demo- candidate the important issue, po- blockaded, and the danger of economic collapse, about which Chi litically. Is the extent to which edly cost him some votes.

But the third term issue was not the de- nese spokesmen have warned, is at least equal to tho military need. the war will end. But the public's own guess, as reported by the Institute last Friday, is that while Germany may be knocked out in a year, hostilities against Japan will continue for two years more, or well past the 1944 election. the Dublic's attitude toward a the determination of free people to retain that freedom," tho report said. "Ind-lease is not only in the democratic tradition; it will prove a vital factor in the inevitable victory of the United States and the United Nations." cratic nominating convention of 1940 the country was about evenly divided on the question whether he would run.

It was not until November, 103f, that a majority There Is an acute inflation in fourth term may work against hi termining factor, ihe most lm-reelection. portant factor was the war itu- Ona -answer probably is to be ation, which the public thought Mr. China which cannot he relieved by lending more money to the Stalingrad Struggles To Recover From Effects Of Siege And To Live Again r.niToa's notki th wntfr thl dt.palrh tt ft vHrrftrt arm In llti.tlft for ilia i.Hinir nl Jindtin. Ilf li Ui (nlhiir "Miin War Iir." I realize that those soldier could sleep in almost impossible conditions. It was lighter when we crawled out of the dugout hole.

On my first glimpse of Stalingrad on thi tunny winter morning I saw all around hundreds nf smashed cottages modern, rather flimsy cottages which might be found in many working clas English suburbs. This was part of ths recently developed modern industrial Stalingrad. The enormous factory buildings rose toward the sky from a forest of chimneys. From a distance at first glance you might have thought thay they were Intact. I learned the following afternoon what these factories really looked like.

Thev were the ereat Stalinsrrtd 30 miles along a wide river, completely and utterly demolished. That is Stalingrad. Every factory building is smashed, and although most walls are standing, everything around is riddled with craters. It was the same gigantic destruction everywhere. I saw only one tiny wooden house which was undamaged.

But for miles and miles everything was wrecked by fire, shells and bombs. This center of Stalingrad had been in German hands almost since the beginning of September and was the last but one center of resistance. It was from tho basement of Unimag that Von I'aulus and the other German generals were driven after their surrender. That was only a few dayt ago, and today I could still gee traces of the last phases of the fighting when the Russians were central Stalingrad and forced the surrounded generals and field marshal to surrender. The youthful lieutenant, with a boyish, charming smile, who re of the battle, now runt a wide icy road.

Thit river crossing wat for five montht as grim a crossing as the channel was during Dunkirk. It was the only lifeline of Stalingra.i, but it was maintained. This winter evening and, thank heaven, it Isn't quite so cold now it is lovely to look across the Volga at Stalingrad. Yesterday I talked to a woman who came from a dugout on a neighboring cliff. She and another woman who lived right through the Stalingrad battle in this same dugout.

One had five children and the other two, and all were here with them and well. Such is human endurance. One of these women said: "I don't think it't been good for my nervet. I still start when I hear a loud noise. But what was there to do? You take your chance in war one way or the other.

We stayed in Stalingrad and we are all alive. Many others went away acrest the Volga and were drowned. Many women I knew were drowned, with children. We used to wash clothe' for soldiers, and they fed us well. They treated ut like real soldiers and gave us nearly a ration." paths and after numerous warnings from my gunner hosts not to depart into mine fields which had not yet been cleared up.

Every house had been smashed by shelling, either Russian or German. Most houses had stone foundations and basements, and these had been turned into dugouts. One astonishing feature of Stalingrad is that one is able to move about freely in the streets, notably the central streets. Houses are wrecked, but street pavements are usually intact. It is because much of the fighting here was from house to house and hand to hand by small units.

With the Russian and German positions often so close to each other, there was relatively little bombing in some parti of the town in later phases of the battle. Today what life is left in Stalingrad is nearly all concentrated on the inside and below the Volga cliffs those cliffs over which the Germans never succeeded in pushing the Russians, just as they never succeeded in climbing the cliffe of Dover. Cliff ire tym-bols of German bad luck. Across the ice to the opposite wooded bank of the Volga, from where Russian guns used to fire at the Germans during the height told us about it tn the dingy department store basement. Other civilians are coming back to Stalingrad now, and as the soldiers depart they will be able to live in the dugouts.

Among those who are coming are men who will begin the work of rebuilding. I think it will be done in the grand style, so that Stalingrad remains forever a worthy memorial to the most historic victory of this war and to the Russian people as one of their greatest monuments. We learned we were in a dugout in the workers' settlement of northern Stalingrad, which had been the scene of tuch heavy fighting in October. "You w'ill tee Stalingrad in the morning," one of the gunnert taid. "What there is of it.

It is such a mess that it would be less trouble to build Stalingrad in another place." He suggested unfreezing and eating some of our food and snatching some tleep. Together with three Stalingrad soldiers we slept for a couple of hour on the dugout floors. Without the exhausting journey, that wou'd have been almost impossible. Now make any movement except that which is indispensable ith fingers or toes, to keep up the circulation, and to rub the cars or nose every minute, requires great effort. The Russian soldiers don't like fighting and marching in such frost, but they manage It.

The Germans just can't stand it and could not even with more adequate clothes. And yet they were enormously cheerful, those Russian soldiers, who, from Stalingrad, were now moving in largo columns westwards in motors and horse-drawn vehicles. Victory makes soldiers stand anything. It was pitch black when I and my two companions were told to get off. We groped our way to a small hole in the ground and climbed down into a small dugout.

Three soldiers who were sleeping got up, ami after a couple of hour of talking, offered us a share of the earth floor. It wa pleasant here after the journey. The place was lit up by a small candle, and a tiny iron stove made it warm. Our hosts were gunners, alt young fellow who had taken part in the break through to Stalingrad from the north two months ago. They claimed that the chief reason for the German disaster at Stalingrad was the great superiority of the Russian gun in quality and quantity.

They described all they could do with their 76 and then spoke admiringly of the super mortar Katyusha. "In one big encirclement we used 40 to 60 Katyushas all in one go and wiped out the whole dam lot. FriUiesare tough up to a point, but we are tougher," the young gunner said. "Here in Stalingrad our fellows often didn't have dugouts. They stayed for three days in the snow, fighting Fritzies in dugouts, where the Fritxies furtively go, for a comfortable dugout is much better than this place.

But take him into the open and he is useless. They go to pieces much quicker than you think," the other young gunner said. 'Rus bullbull," they used to tay to us." From the workers settlement I later drove to the Volga, across Stalingrad. It was horrible and yet. glorious.

Imagine a large modern industrial town, stretching BY ALEXANDER ERTII ftdfiwd by Nnrih Amorimn Nrwupapur Ailmnre io The rinyton Illr New, STALINGRAD, Feb. I arrived in Stalingrad in a small bus with a broken window at 3 a. m. after driving for eight hour acros steppe country. The temperature was about 40 degrees frost centigrade (40 degrees below zero).

Few in England and America realize what that means. You can wear double pullovers, scarves, socks, besides a fur cap, fur coat end felt boots. But you atill have got to keep a constant watch on toes, finger and face, lest they get frostbitten, and falling asleep is very dangerous. All inanimate objects freeze solid. I had with me bread, hard boiled etrgs and sausage and a couple of precious tangerines, which have just reappered in Moscow.

If you had knocked your neighbor on the head with an egg or a tangerine you might have killed him, Puch frost lowers one's vitality end will power noticeably. To tractor plant and two of the great steer plants. On tne otner sine of us rose a hill called Mamai kurirun. or Heicht 102. dominat ing Stalingrad and the scene of months of ferocious righting.

But that morning it looked a pleasant chana-e from the dreary steppes alonfr which we had traveled all the nrevious day. ceived the capitulation decision from Cen. Rasske, while Field I Marshal von I'aulus was next door, 1 I walked across the workers' settlement along clearly marked.