Wisconsin State Journal from Madison, Wisconsin • 11

Sunday, NnvrmlVr 27, 1927 Is Uo So Actually ill the League of Nations0? THE WISCONSIN STATE JOURNAL I otlieis advisers; Ill ItrHWOOli We Take Larger Part Service of Americans in All K' or OIIHT ini'i'llllti" Hiienneii nv run 1 1 run me kiihii ii.hi iiiiio-Americans (hrnntth appointment livid ir-tiltH In i.roken ti- Mini the council or representative nfUlrnth fur John Mm In. t'l 1 I orxnnlzatlnns, nllltniiiih nffW hilly I nn nf It. Merrln, f.itmc. appearing for the I M.t'c gov mini "til. Badger 6oooWant Ad! Africa FeWsiLeague Activities Described Than Most Nations, Says Pitman Potter Wt I N' A pamphlet, "American Co-I operation with 01 her Nations i through the League- of Na-IliouK, the World By PITMAN B.

POTTER OS'f CK I'S lmve no accurate idea the rose 1 1 1 rcl a- I Jr I cf economic problems, traffic ln arms, disarmament, passport problems, customs formalities. Intellectual cooperation, ftaftlc In opium, traffic in women and children, protection of refugees, health, slavery, and others- In all nf which America took an active part eilbir officially or unofficially. During the past vear, since publi ion "between the United States ml In I irm- of Xa- sipni8 useful, therefore, for the editors (if The Mute inn'. i nrnal provide their readers with a summary iv iew of th" sent situation in that respect, in order that all who may lie ''lasted in the question may have someihinjr more ileliiiito whiidi to base their thinking than mere jri'iu-nil detailed data on 1he ifirticintinn hy the 1'iiited Slates a the organization and the activities of the League is given in dider column. These facts tell a large sliry hy ihenivlvcs.

tell nnieh more than much aryumeniation hy isolationists Economical Heat Energy That's what jou net in Uriic-' II full Te-f (oai. Added heat, added Miciin: in it iim WaStc la eliminated and heat energy increased. The price Is an mure Hum the ordinary fuel. I all limes' (mini ami kmni the MieaiillKC of heat i-neriry. cation of the pamphlet, many Anierl- cans (initially and unofficially look part in some of the most Important con fere nee in the history of the! League, Notable among these meetings were Ihe international ecnnoml" onfereuc e.

attended hy five dele- gates and 10 advisers appointed by the ulled Slates department of state! the preparatory commission for the disarmament conference attended hy Hugh S. Gibson, now ambassador to Bel-1 And they have the merit of In I'piifliripationistM alike t(111 nlii1 nor imitKinnrj There however, eertain fact concerning Anier- tion just ns clearly and effectively as tlioiiRh they had served under ort i-mation in tne narticipation appointment from Wushiiicton. Anil I I'caee Foundation, lloston, presents comprehensive survey of work done by I'nited Stales citizens in connect ion with the League. Much of this work has been oflicial by ortleinlly appointed representatives and observers for the government. The rest of it has been hy American scientists and others at the rcipicst of League departnicnis or by or-ga ii i.a linns engaged in collecting information for the League.

in the last issue of the pamphlet, which lists 21K names of American who hav served the league in various capacities, appears this statement "The I'nited States of America has not accepted the covenant of the League of Nations. In a formal sense, therefore, it is not a "member" of the But In the course of the years since 1920, many situations have arisen in which It was essential that the I'nited States should cooperate with other countries, ln some Instances, this cooperation lias been effected without any use of league machinery; In other instances, the cooperation would have been Impossible without the use of league machinery, and the 1'iiited Slates has not allowed a formality to prevent a recognition of the fact. liiidi. lie lacis niui iiol propagandist we ask in persistent licwildcrnient the hy now pathetic question: "lint what about Article XV' stated in the simple fashion, and hich Sees No Coercion glum, as official delegate, and five other Americans as advisers; Ihe ninth session advisory committee on traffic In opium, with Stanley Woodward, vice cortsul at Geneva, as unofficial observer for the I'nited States, and Col, Arthur Woods, former New York polic commissioner, as assessor appointed hy the council; meeting of government experts on double taxation and fiscal eva exposition to iiihkc ittre It, is understood fully The fait is that coercion has drop Hugh S. present am-lintMidor tn Belgium, during the pat year has represented the I lilted States mi two occasions at various activities nf the League nf Nations.

He was a delegate to the preparatory fmnmisohui for the dl-nriuiiiii-eul (-(inference anil nas appointed by the 1'lilled Stales genera. meat tn the special ciMumiicin on priwile ma mi fact are ot anus. league activities territorial disputes financial Crises. isi usuions linn of these para- PATTtRSON St PHONE B.628 MADISON, WIS, ped out of League action; indeed, It I cannot he said ever to have been there except on iia per where we to out these ad-phases of the sitila- iii. sion, with two Americans on the I I A CITY-WIDE SERVICE Individual Play Pah committee; International conference on import and export prohibitions and restrictions, with a delegate and found it and were scared out of our wits airtl common sense hy It.

No careful nf Lohruh practice expects to see anw successful attempt to revive that element in 1paKuc procedure, althoughand this phase of the situation Is most suggestive the small states and the former neutral states, not the Great thp first place, It is not open dinpitie that this extensive par-iwtlon in League activities hy United States has developed i. and solely because It has ap- Powers but the "small nations" of rfd to those responsiuie tor inn isn-lfllS fame, would he happy to that it would ne auvantane- In Many Fields Observer to the I'nited States and indi-im Americans to so participate, individuals have taken part, lasme activities on invitation authorities not because 'salaries involved (most frequently have spent their time and 1 ul I-DWAUI) ItOSS. fniversity 4 of Wisconsin sociologist, Is one of the Americans who has been called upon to assist in tne work of the League of Nations. In at the request of the international council, he spent thr.ee months in the Portuguese colonies of Africa making an investigation which preceded his report on "Kmploynient ot Native Labor in Portuguese. Africa." Dr.

Iloss's expose of enforced labor in these colonies was assailed indignantly by the Portuguese, who, nevertheless, abolished the practice of using women for road work. Ilr. Ross had declared that he had seen women laboring on the roads with babies strapped to their backs. fftifttfr and received in return men 1 a lone i. inn.

iiruaune m-j )rbeen interested in me or and have believed that it was cul work to be done for the ben-it or protection of tinman beings Lprally. including thoe human ntt who live in the nitea Mates, have been Appointed to tht I'nited States govern- ES3 map qpsffil) GomitlD: btt in League organs iiecaiise in Washington believed to the country to no id 'his during Republican and anti-League adminis-'jtions. Such American partlcipa- Off jJSC55? (g? (Jrffoff Europe is Pleased at U.S. Status as ha' developed has aeveiop-, troni considerations of selfish "Atttmes, It has been the government of the I'nited States which has joined with other governments in the uso of the permanent machinery of the League of Nations; at other times, has been individual Americans who have participated in International cooperation organized through the use of league machinery, without representing the government -of the I'nited Stales. Both kinds of cooperation have been frequent and have related to numerous fields, of international interest.

"The story of American cooperation with other countries throu'-'h the League of Nations must be traced through a study of numerous conferences and commissions, some of which have political, some scientific and some humanitarian." The pamphlet then presents the various steps in the original organization of the league and its subsequent operation, giving the parts Americans played. This recitation begins as follows: "After drafting the treaty of Versailles. Edward M. House, of Austin. represented the government of the I'nited States in launching the new machinery for cooperation.

Th" oiganizing committee, which authorized the establishment of a provisional secretariat and which made the plans for the first meetings of the council and assembly, met in Paris on May 5, 1919. The covenant of the League of Nations came into force on 10, 1920. at 4:15 p. m. On Jan.

It. 1920. President Wilson convoked the council, which held its first session in Paris on Jan. Irt. 1920.

Later sessions of the council were held about monthly through 1920. Litail advantage, not out ot for- liltuenci, pressure from mallc- htn tateres ts. or party politics. in kill! an uny other influence nas fair fir "v1j 1' I I'M AN B. rOT I KH hrajwl such action, it has been a MM that organized Internationa' raojMition for us.

as for all conn- the London Daily News, H. I toe, in a good thing In general. Wilson Maris avers that the complications resulting from full hi i only selfish nation advan- World's Cfiaaipipnoim Gar 25,000 miles in less than 23,000 minutes! fiffwltb a slightly longer perspec- fii't American membership jn the League might, easily outweigh the advantages, and he adds: "That comes not of the Ameri- lithe second place, it should he i An temperament but of the Ameri napaaiir.ed that the distinction he-'ftn consultative and voting par-liiipation in League action is not close observer of the activities of the League ot Nations, Pitman B. Potter, fniversity of Wisconsin police! has written for The State Journal a clear discussion of the actual part the I'nited States and I'nited citizen are taking ing in League affairs. Dr.

Potter served with the U. S. bureau of efficiency in and. with the division of international of the Carnegie, Endowment for World Peace in 1919, and litis Milieu other active parts in International affairs. His writings pays nf the same importance.

mm binding action is to be taken Uagae meetings consultative par- ipaiion amounts to nothing, or I than nothing in so far as em- mteeg the aiisence of real pnrti- Ion international relations have been widely read. Sound Design Chief Engimw D.G.Roos, Research Engineer W. S. James and their atile associates backed by Strudebaker's vast resources in laboratories and 800-acre Proving Ground have created a car so superior as to merit its reputation as "the greatest achievement of post-war automotive engineering." Precision Manufacture Studebaker cars are produced in plants equipped for the finest of precision manufacture cars so accurately built you can drive them 40 miles an hour the first day you own one. Mtlon on our part.

Where no iiiiD? action is to he taken. at the i. tonsulative participation is as Wilson Insisted 'Ssillfant as voting participation. ailiition. it is the fact that in the Nority of cases League action It is pi expected that decisive action will AT Atlantic City Speedway between Oct.

18th and Nov. 4th, three strictly stock Commanders each went 25,000 miles in less than 25,000 minutes total elapsed time! Two roadsters each completed the 25,000 miles in 22,968 consecutive minutes-a Sedan in 24,200 Nothing else on earth ever traveled so far so fast The American Automobile Association certified to the time and distance, and disassembled the cars following the run to establish their status as strictly stock models. The Studebaker Commander now holds all official endurance and speed records for stock cars, regardlessof power or price! What These Records Mean to You This great achievement proves that it is now possible to purchase a truly great automobile taken without further reference the individual governments in event, and that the number of see it revived. At all events, with this element eliminated, the exact, place of American participation is still clearer; with the coercion removed adjudication and conciliation become the highest forms of League action. The.

last comment to he made upon the present situation is the statement that the I'nited Stales fails to participate in only one form of League action, namely this most can constitution. When Sir Austen Chamberlain goes to Geneva and pledges himself to something' he knows he can carry it through at home because he speaks for a government with a safe majority in the House of Commons. If a nominee of Mr. Coolidge went there be could pledge himself to nothing, for his undertakings would have to be indorsed, not by the president who sent him, hut by the senate. "Tlie.ro is, therefore a great deal to he said for a relationship represented by a enorji'iation without membership, which is in fact the relationship actually existing.

The full extent of American cooperation in League activities is, I think, hardly realized. Take some of the chief items in. this year's Geneva program alone. First of all comes disarmament. The I'nited States government Iims been cooperating fully and officially.

"Take the economic conference, which opens in (There will be five American representatives there, just asthere will bo ive British. Take the white slave traffic report jtijn issued. The investigation on which it is based originated in the first instance with the League's advisory committee on the ttdfl'u. in women and children, on which Abbott, director of Hie child welfare bureau at Washington, is the official I or American participation with I power of action is steadily Take 'Larger Part' Another phase 0f the same phe-! important and useful lorm. concilia- Skilled Workmanship Studebaker cars are built by the most skilled and painstaking craftsmen under the most expert supervision Quality Materials Only the highest quality of alloy steels and all other materials enter into the manufacture of Studebakers.

Such value as The Commander such Wilson Insisted "The first headquarters of the League of Nations were estahlishel in London. In the summer of 1920. a serious discussion arose as to the wisdom ot moving these headquarters to Geneva, which was named in the covenant as the seat of the League of Nations. President Wilson was firm ill Insisting that no other city should he substituted for Geneva. "tin July 17.

1920. President Wilson convoked the assembly of the League of Nations to meet at Geneva on Nov. IS. 1920. Thus began the annual meetings of an onference which can hardly he compared to any conference that met before the war.

The Hague conferences of W99 and 1907 lacked both continuity and permanence. Kacn year since 1920, more countries have been represented at Geneva than "enon is tn he seen in the fact we wlln 11 tat in to ortinn sitting In (onnc.il meetings. we miirh more important than for leca 1 nhlie-atinn nr format mrmhershin. Thn T.pnene a system of cooperation dontributc in a very substantial degree to the process of adjudication under League auspices by reason of tho presence of on the World Court. But we cannot share in efforts to preserve the peace of the world including the North Atlantic oceiui most effectively so long as we do not.

ptn'iici- 'Mlian set of legal rights and Kot what legal bonds have subscribed hy a nation, but SETGREATEST AUTO RECORD wtich it, encages in actual performance such championship ability cannot be overlooked by the man who desires a full money's worth for his motor car dollars! conference. conciliation. udministi ation determines its position in Leaciie aflairs. In pate in Council meetings; this we cannot do without joining the League. That, however, is an entirely different story.

The facts at present fact the I'nited States take. li'tn part in Leacne affairs than any one ftf a maioritv r.f the Three Stadebakert Do 25,000 Mile I In Let Than 25,000 Minute. Special to The Keo York Time. WASinNGTON, Nov. 10.

New world record for endurance and peed by three automobile which traveled 25,000 mile ln less than 25,000 minutes were announced tonight by the Contut Board of the American Automobile Association, which auperivseg official racing and Mtie members TViotr cicrn- r'M Covenant and they attend as- at a moderate One-Profit price. It proves that The Commander, because of its super -abundant power, will perform for many years, with no labor or effort, any and all tasks placed upon it. Four basic elements of Studebaker superiority made possible these world records and will also' make possible for every Commander owner long, faithful service and low maintenance costs: were ever represented at either of the two Hague conferences. "The secretariat of the League of Nations was first organized provisionally in the summer of 1919. It has always included Americans among its members.

Like all other members of the secretariat. Hies-Americans act, in their individual capacities and do not represent their They are members of what may be called an international meetings, hut they do not Leacue aplinn an ploarlv our sometimes nnlv aemi-of- delegates, nor do thev. narti- I'nited States representative, and it was Miss Abbott who actuajly proposed tho whole enterprise. The chairman of the committee of experts directing the inquiry was Dr. W.

F. Snow, director of the American Hnreau of Social Hygiene, and that body contributed l.l.tino pounds toward the expenses." Yankees Flock to Meetings in K.i manv nf tho pnnfer- speed and endurance test. Compare these NEW LOW PRICES The Dictator $1 165 to $1,345 The Commander 1495 to 1745 The President 1795 to 2250 Erskine Six 895 to 965 All price factory, including more than SUM north of extra cqMc'nnenf are that we are taking an ever increasing share in League organization and League action, for reasons adequate to ourselves, and that this actual participation is far more significant than the fact that much of that participation has in i lie past been merely consultative in character, free legal obligations accepted in advance, quite distinct from League membership, and clearly dissociated from that element of coercion the presence of which in the Covenant caused such alarm in 1920. "No Baachln made by man," tht and i ommisslons unripr the wh Contest Board asserted, "ever before. Hd real results nhtainpd.

traveled far and so fast- fundamental rensnn for the failure of observers in the State, civil service, and they serve tho common interests of all the peoples who cooperate through the use of the League of Nations machinery. Their salaries are paid out of the funds of the League ot Nations, to which all of the slates that are members contribute regularly. New York Time, Ifovcmftcr 11 tfle trilP Sillialmn hntitroan and the Lpsitiio is fnnnd Mental fault which League Airport Project Stopped by Controversy tO make SO mini mictolroa nf on nthor Americans 'Served l'ROPEANS. knowing that the aniuiin, UGiii fault nf Be Satisfied Only With a Champion Monona Motor Sales Co. 551 West Washington Ave.

Fairchild 4936 ''tUtu or constitution anrt tako it I'nited States has officially declined to join the League of "re vain I GENEVA. (LP) A League of Nations airport, proposed as a means of enf-rcirg international iiihv what it is capable of "snin under actual conditions of peace, must wait wnne inc quesuuu Raymond B. Fosdick of New York liecame under-secretary general in the provisional secretariat which was organized In 1919, anefserved in that rapac ity until 1921). Me was assisted during this period hy Whitney If Shepardson of New York." The pamphlet' reviews the various jaws unduly and we of extra-territrriality, which is in- If. Ellis, Brooklyn UIiiiiiIm ii: Anfo Supply, Sank itf Amlereck, Jnda (ijerfson Stnnsthtnn Waterloo Garaue, Waterloo Fred Streiff, ew Olarus II.

Hart, rianollle llorel) Auto .111. Hiireh II. Tel-iherg, Peen'icld tna "niuy. on this account. Nations, are puzzled at the great interest Americans show in its work and in what undeniably is actually participation in League affairs.

Caret Caret, writing in the Saturday. Evening Post, said: "There is no wonder in Geneva, natural or created, like the wonder of Pilgrims, zealots, jay gazers, joiners, stay-outers, critics, Republicans, Democrats, also and not ot this throng official delegates, unofficial observers, acolytes, experts and collaborators. How to designate these is a confusion. The World Peace Foundation of Boston in its Yearbook pt tho League, ot Xatipps-a te ln of our 1'tl. own "king that literally!) Hence eren'Phasize.

the distinction '4s in 8Bd unofficial ac-WT, LeaStie business and in Participation therein, and it! t0My misunderstand Wnn "Siting the use of real" ln action. We fail CJ, the private who have participated volved in such a port's is argued cut. The League plans to use the aerial port for two purposes, first for enabling menil ers of the council In the event of war threats, to reach Geneva at the earliest possible moment, and secondly for' the rushing of military and. other missions to whatever frontier point on which war may be imminent, Jt was originally intended that the Geneva aerodrome at Cointrin might be enlarged and utilized for TUBEBMKER THE GREAT INDEPENDENT 1925 gives 10 pages to a list of Americans acting in or with or adjunctively to the League of Nations. First are the United States lepresentatives accredited thereto as nonmember delegates with specific errands.

More than 25 of these. Then Americans cooperating unofficially. There is a lung list of more than ioo iut tf4 liieir. have hereby erif a a part ot Leagite ac- this purpose..