The Atlanta Constitution from Atlanta, Georgia • 1

rm a CONSTITUTION THE Markets Warmer UN Stocks; Lower; metals and air-crafts active. Bonds: Mixed; change narrow. N.Y. clocks, bonds, $4,670,000. Warner, rain Thursday; partly cloudy, rain Friday.

Predicted extremes Thursday, 36, Friday, 42, 56. Wednesday's were 32, i6. For 38 5'ear fie South Standard Newspaper VOL. LXXXVIII, No, 236 TFL. WA.

5030 ATLANTA, GEORGIA, THURSDAY MORNING, MARCH 22, 193( 40 PAGES Prfce Five Cent! ALU 11 rpwsf RALPH IF GILL Open Democrat Seen, With Kefauver it 'Sit Y'T fir "IS: Adlai Calls Minnesota a Blow to Ike GOI Repudiated By 2-1, He Says Adlai Shaken vf mm Party Chief Still Oppose Temiesseaii isinff, WINS AS "MARTY" Ernest Borgnine i -4 fczy ill Jf I I jCST 11 WVxt It's Oscars for Borgnine and Magnani Bv AIJNE MOSBY HOLLYWOOD, March 21 (IP) Anna Magnani, the grieving widow of "The Rose Tattoo," won an Oscar to life MifeMS i i ii iiiilS4Xiif: hiBXtrti i i aV5M Auto Gets Wings After Five Points Crash with Truck An automobile took to the air Wednesday night at Five Points here, and landed on its side. The patrolman (above) is halting traffic, not shoving the Patrolmen said Clifton Tucker, 23, of 783 Piedmont NE, a Lockheed employe (in ambulance), was driving north on Peachtree. His car collided with a truck, skidded 36 feet, struck a curbing, narrowly missing pedestrians, and landed on Edgewood avenue, officers said. Tucker was treated for minor cuts. Negroes Sav Mistreatment Fired Boveott By rex Thomas MONTGOMERY, March 21 GTI Negroes defended their boycott of segregated city buses today with testimony designed to show a pattern of mistreatment at the hands of bus drivers.

Through that, they hoped to show the existence of "a just cause or legal excuse" for the mass refusal 61 Negroes to ride Montgomery City Lines buses for the past 17 weeks. The state's antiboycott law which was used to indict 90 Negro leaders prohibits any conspiracy or agreement to hinder the operation of a lawftil business "without just cause or legal excuse." State's attorneys rested their case this morning against the Rev. Martin Luther King first of the Negroes called to trial, and Negro defense law'yers immediately sought to throw out all of the prosecution testimony on the grounds it was insufficient to prove any unlawful act. But Circuit Judge Eugene Car ter, who at the conclusion of the trial will decide the minister's guilt or innocence in the absence of a jury, overruled the defense motion. Negro attorney Fred D.

Gray, arguing In support of his motion, said the law requires the state to prove both that the defendant en tered into an agreement to hinder operation of the bus company, and that it was done "without just cause or legal excuse." Gray insisted the prosecution had failed to show that King or anyone associated with him in the Montgomery Improvement had Continued on Page 15, Column night as 1953 best actress Arms Control Trial Offered Soviet by U.S. By BENJAMIN WELLES (Copyright 195 by Tin Nw Vrk LONDON, March 21 The Unit ed Slates proposed to the Soviet Union today that each country desienate a special area of 20,001) Ike Asks All of South To Start on Integration WASHINGTON, March 21 President declared today that "all the South" should show some By RICHARD J. H. JOHNSTON (CtpyriiM IIJI by Tha Nn Ytrk Tlm.i CHICAGO, March 21-Adlai E. Stevenson, who suffered a severe defeat in yesterday's Minnesota presidential preferential primary, today called the results "a smashing repudiation of the present administration." He said the voting revealed "a two-to-one endorsement of Demo cratic principles by the people of Minnesota." Stevenson, who lost decisively to Sen.

Kefauver of Tennessee held a press conference this after noon in his Chicago headquarters. MEETS PRESS In a statement read to press, radio and television representatives, he said he was "personally disappointed" but that he consid ered the results "full notice that the great swing back to the Democratic principles which started in 1954 is even stronger in 1956." Stevenson conceded to Kefauver "the first round" and expressed his congratulations to the victor. "As for myself, I will now work harder than ever," he said. "I ask my friends everywhere to redouble their efforts too." PLANS STABLE He reiterated his statement of last night to the effect that his plans for the primary elections in Illinois, Pennsylvania, Florida and California had undergone no change as a result of his loss of all but four of Minnesota's 30 convention votes. "As I said last night," he de clared, "my plans are not changed and neither are my ideas.

I have tried to tell the people the truth as I saw it'. I always will. I have not promised them the moon. And i never will." The 1952 Democratic presides tial nominee said: DEMOCRATIC VIEWPOINT "This may not be the way to win elections but it is, in my opinion, the way to conduct a political campaign in a democracy." Stevenson vowed that he would "try even harder, as a result of yesterday's primary, to slate the Democratic principles as I under stand them, to get the people's best judgment about America's problem and our prospects, and to help build a firmer peace, a truer prosperity and a fuller brotherhood of man." In response to a question Stevenson said that if the Min nesota primary results worried anyone "it should be President Eiseinhower even more than I He said he would go into the Continued on Page 17, Column 1 Strauss Keveals New Soviet Test Of Atom Device WASHINGTON, March 21 CP-Chairman Lewis I. Strauss of the Atomic energy commission an nounced today that "within the past few days the Soviets had exploded another nuclear device." That was all the AEC announcement said, except to recall that "this is the fifth U.

S. announcement of Soviet nuclear weapons tests in the past eight months." The word from Strauss followed shortly after a terse announie- ment in I)ndon by the British Defense Ministry, which said: "The Soviet Union has recently embarked on some further nuclear tests." Retirement progress toward racial integration. By W. H. LAWRENCE Cpyrlihl 1991 by Thl Ytrk it.) WASHINGTON, March 21-Dem-ocratic leaders agreed tonight that Sen.

Kefauver's sweeping Minnesota primary victory had dealt a heavy perhaps a fatal blow to the presidential candidacy of Adlai E. Stevenson. This surprising result threw the Democratic presidential picture into complete confusion. It stirred talk of a half-dozen no- jtential nominees who might take on tne tasK or trying to defeat President Eisenhower for reelection. KEFAI VER NOT IN While it boosted highly the political stock of Kefauver, it did not bring the Tennessee senator anywhere close to winning the nomination for himself.

He has not the announced support of a Kefauver sees large Democratic vote in jail, story Pag 10; Georgia reaction to Minnesota primary, Page 40. single senator, and party leaders controlling a majority of th convention delegates bitterly oppose him. He has not won organization friendships by twice acting as a political "giant killer" who beat President Truman in the 1952 New Hampshire primary and now has humbled Stevenson, th 1952 nominee. The talk among politicians was about other men, among them Sens. Symington of Missouri and Johnson of Texas, the Senate majority leader.

HIRRIMAV ROLE If Stevenson is in fact eliminated, many think much of his support would gravitate naturally in the direction of Gov. Har-riman of New York, who clung to his role as an "inactive" candidate. Additional "favorite sons" were expected to come forward in the hflno 41, of A iivjc wini uy vy i uuililUiJ uc- risive bloc of votes and nrndnn. ing a convention deadlock, lightning might strike one of them. The reversal in Stevenson's for- Continued nn Page 17, Column 1 Wanner, Kain Due Afler Cold Nips Peach Crop Somewhat warmer weather and rain are predicted for Atlanta Thursday and Friday, breaking a cold snap which dalt a heavy blow to the north dcorgia peach crop.

Growers in middle Georgia reported enough blooms were spared for a "normal crop" there. Losses to frost and freezing temperatures were substantial, however. Mostly cloudy and slightly warmer is the official forecast for At-lanla Thursday, with occasional rain Thursday afternoon and night. Friday is expected to be partly cloudy and cool. Predicted extremes Thursday are 36 and 5K.

followed by a range Friday. Wednesday's readings were 32 and j6. Inside Today to 30,000 square miles inside its four major awards to tie "The borders where preliminary dis- Rose Tattoo." Besides best actor armament control measures could and best picture, it was honored be tried out. best directing and best screen- Harold E. Stassen, chief IT.S.'pkiy.

"Tattoo" cost 'more than The Democrats" Quo Vadis? One swallow doesn't make a spring, nor does one primary produce the nominee. Therefore, while none would deny that Adlai Stevenson's defeat in the Minnesota preferential test a a body blow to i campaign, the Democrats have not yet selected their nominee for 1956. In fact, the Minnesota primary could easily be interpreted as evidence of a Republican resurgence in that one-time near-one-party state. Overlooked in stunning news of Sen. Estes Ke-fauver's substantial triumph, was the fact that in St.

Paul a Democratic mayor had been defeated. The GOP voted heavily in local elections and then crossed over the line to support Sen. Kefauver. The peculiar primary laws of Minnesota permit this. Their intent was to discredit Democratic Governor Freeman, U.S.

Hubert Humphrey, and the state organization which had endorsed the gentleman from Illinois. The fact they were able to discredit them and to elect local officials may in time urn out to be the most significant feature of the primary. Quo Vadis? What does remain is "Where do the Democrats go from here?" Adlai Stevenson w'as the one hope of holding the' national party together. Even this was not too strong a possibility. But it was there.

If in subsequent primaries additional defeats should remove him as a possibility, then we frankly would have to face the fact that there would be no national party in the autumn campaign. Neither Sen. Kefauver nor New York's Gov. Averell Harri-man can hope to have a united effort behind therrf. Ohio's Gov.

Frank Lausche, who has announced for the U.S. Senate seat of Republican Sen. Bricker, is not likely to seek or accept the role of carrying the banner with a large segment of the party in revolt. There is no other dark horse visible on a murky horizon. It may be the Democrats will yet nominate Adlai Stevenson.

But i' they do not, we may well be entering a historic phase of change in the two-party system. Historians, looking backv at 1956, 50 or 100 years from now, may decide that Minnesota was the state which started the breakdown of the two-party system. If the Southern wing of the party does pull out it cannot have any effect save to make the Republican administration more firm. It also would have the effect of causing the Northern wing to operate more strongly in the same direction. Eisenhoiver President Dwight D.

Eisenhower's astutely professional advisers had him in the news right on top of the news from Minnesota. He captured the afternoon headlines with a typical Eisenhower statement. It said two things. It urged moderation in the emotional crisis provided by the segregation issue in the schools. But, it also called upon the South to make some progress toward integration and to cease extreme defiance.

This follows the presidential statement of a week ago in which he also called for moderation, but said he would, of course, "uphold and support" the Constitution should anyone defy it. Those in the South who go witlessly off chasing the rabhit of a third party will find they ran make no protest and can accomplish nothing save a worsening of their own problem. It is necessary to keep in mind that In the North and West there is a growing determination to support the Supieme Court at all costs es there is, In the South, a countcrmove to defy it. It is here mat the President eks to have influence. Told that tangible numbers of Negro voters were coming' into the Republican fold, he said they would be welcome, as.

of course, they will. Ad)a Steven-con's moderation cost him support. What the thoughtful American must see is that the nation's future is at stake not merely I hat ot two political parties. If the two-party system is broken clr.vn into a multiplicity of par-1 our form of covcrmert will fin Thf nation ic creM- 1 r- ths-r the GOP or Dcrne.crat If 't isn't too late, mint thmk of that. ft sTh delegate to the five-nation disarmament talks here, suggestpd that each test area contain at least one airfield, one port, one railway terminal and some mili tary forces and facilities NO SECRET" FACILITIES However, nothing of an excep- "I am for moderation, but I am for progress," he told his news conference.

He raised this plea: "Let's don't try to think of this as a tremendous fight that is going to separate Americans and get ourselves in a nasty mess. "Let's try to think of how we can make progress." The first mention of domestic segregation issues came with a request for word on how Eisenhower felt "about Negroes being brought to trial for refusing to ride the Montgomery buses." Eisenhower said, in effect, that he was not a lawyer. He added I understand it, Want Ike, Dixie Leaders To Meet On Segregation tionally secret nature, such as stringy hair, she player! the love-nuclear or guided-miss'ile instal-jsick widow who finally sought Iations, should be Included in the 'we with another man, trial areas, he is understood to truck driver Burt Lancaster, have emphasized. HOMELY Oll'Y ITALIAN ACTRESS TOPS Anna Maflnani and Ernest liorgnine, me gen i 1 1 tie, lonely butcher ot Marty, cap tured the award as best actor at the 2Sth annual Academy Awards presentations. And "Marty" copped the award as the year's best picture.

It was a small-huagel, j.suu.uuu piriure adapted from a TV play. It depicted the story of a homely pair who finally found love. A BAKCAIN The picture, which cost less than one-fourth the price of its four competitors "Picnic," "Love ji Manv-Snlendored "The Rose Tattoo" and Roberts ran off with $1,000,000. Miss Magnani, a fiery, volatile won in her first venture in Hollywood. She first gained fame in "Open City an Italian picture distributed in the unnen aiaies.

Without makeup and with Borginine, 38, bulky and home- Iv first rose ,0 Hollvwood atlen. tion as the sadistic "Fatso" in "From Here to Eternity," then swilched to stardom in "Marty." In teal life, he is comparable to the soft, nice-guy butcher he portrayed in the film. His mother 'was an Italian countess who mi grated to the United States and marrien another Italian nere. He was horn In Hampden, Continued nn Page 13, Column 3 Honor for Churchill NICE, France, March 21 (P1 Sir Winston Churchill already the honorary citizen of many a city-is going to extend his citizenship further. He will be made an honorary citizen of Roquehrune-Cap-Martin March 31.

He is spending a vacation there. Speech ree have held that a person 'entitled to retirement benefits i' has acquired a vested tight 'these benefits under his eon-t-ar i The resolution also he'd that hen a member retirrs, the ern-plo -enifioye relationship lipases to exist ard the retired roniinue to the rigid to exerci his ons'itution-iaiiy guf.rHittee'i privileges of fit i 1 enship, including freedom icrch. St, i'e audi'nr H. Thrasher mo'erl adoption of the and a a- -e, ondcl by Dr. Miik of Macon, lrr per "ail da' e.v vo'e-l fir "tltnou'h he said h-was wi'h Dr.

vi' a' had read thr-m the e. Staff Photoi Charlei Pugh there is a state law about boycott, and it is under that kind of thing that these people are being brought to trial." GOES OX Speaking generally, he went on: "1 do believe that it is incumbent on all the South to show some progress. That is what the Supreme Court asked for. And they turned it over to local district courts. "I believe that we should not stagnate, but again I plead for understanding, for really sympathetic consideration of a problem that is far larger, both in its emotional and even in its physical aspects than most of us realize." SCHOOL BILLS Eisenhower declined to discuss the racial issue as it applies to school construction legislation, saying he has expressed his views on that subject several times.

He showed what sounded like a (jq)) ONK' "Well. I have got very good one," Eisenhower replied warmly. "I have told you a dozen times that it is anybody's judgment as to whether I am doing my job well or not doing It well, but as 1 ing to do it for K6 mi ion peop 1 not for any group "I don't care how you define them, how you separate them geographically or racially or religiously, I am for America and (that is what I am trying to do. MOi nrr naO tiny 'Uans to mobilize wlimons or nth- Southern IpW "tn vm.r tv.int i view of moderation and prog-! r(Ss." i- I1. cpnhnupi.

ivin hoH that ntilr.if1 "do. have a very great resporsi- winy and people have to search their own He followed i.l, i. wnn nis plea i.t rj (Lie Continued on Page 15, Column Wtitch Thonn Lips! I TALLAHASSEE, March 21, bit of temper when a reporter tpid on Florida officials called on him there were indications of a President Eisenhower today to sit itch by some Negro leaders down with southern governors for from the Democratic to the Re-a "frank and open" discussion of publican party. The reporter asked the whole segregation problem. jif he could discuss possible rea-Gov.

LcRoy Collins, who suggested sons for this. jr me worms iwo miuiary powers, ine i Slates and the Soviet Union, could agree on this preliminary step, the Stassen proposal continued, a useful start could be made in mutual disarming and in restoring confidence to a fear-racked world. A secondary proposal, also put forward by Stassen, suggested the trial exchange of technical disarmament missions among the five nations that are discussing disarmament hero under tlw auspices of the United Nations. 'Hie two ideas could be adopted jointly or separately. Stassen said, and meanwhile the talks here would continue.

IT I Ml FR 1 1 I A The United States, Soviet Union, Britain, Fram and Canada, which form the subcommit- oiitiiuii rl on rage 17, Column 1 the presidential conference, said Hf'i to help us, but we might impress upon him the great concern that we in the South have about any efforts to coerce integration." The President also will be asked to have the United States and ern attorneys general participate in the conference. Ulan ta School TV Due Board Refuses To End "So 1 they want come in "I 7 under that umbrella. I welcome 30 in I Hie rami oVsoKrvgation matter (poppwl up acain with a question of Wells'' Pension, dies I 1 On Channel i iic nii.iiiiii i 1 1 ui ijiiut 'j i n't a year with the first noncommercial, educational television station 'in Georgia. The Federal Communications The station Is to be located in Commission in Washington Wed-; the old Rock Springs School. 740 resdav a'Htted channel 30 to the.Bismark NE.

The State Teacher Retirement' Hoard refused Wednesday take nwav a r.lS-a-month from Dr. Guy We'Is, retired president of Georgia State College for Women In on t-M rf f.nt bo ird flatly rejected a requ'st by the State Department r.cid-, cation that Dr. Wells' pension be' canceled hetause ot his cpes sions or views on racial re.a'ior: The retirement Iward, in a unanimous resolution, said it is without authority to stop or cur tail benefits payable a retired member or his beneficiary. Tile resolutKrn upheld Ir. Wells' Atlanta school system.

This was its 39th educational TV grant, 8nd first in Georgia. rtiidiii-i sli.ijiji -I, ixilfy i ii i iiu-1 ii oiva ytau nic row being worked out making the Annie Lou Hardy 23 AtlantH Ar cent Hilly Graham Hisher L'5 Uridge tf liilsilies 30-32 Celestme Sih'ey '2 Charles Allen 4 Classified Ads 33-39 Comics 18, 19 Crossword IS Dr. Dellen 13 Editorial Page 4 Financial Ne 30-32 Jumble 13 1 A i r. a 4 Ohitusirs 13, 33 Olhe. Reeves 19 Roscoe Druicmorid Scie'y Sports S'ar i 1 Teievi-ion and Radio IS Tedav's Kvrrn 5 Theater 14 Stnife 4 Vather 32 Worn' Clime 18 Women's Eci'mes 22-24 I r.i;n is i mi in i itr nu.

nil 1 The former four classroom )luil('ing will be equipped for rlevision transmission from r- 1 c- noun Lie rum ruuil- udiiun, i iuui luaiion, am. the board of education, she said i front Vro classroom m. untu 3 p.m. for Time afitr 3 m. will be tat ion.

de.oted to aiu't edu- 'of i flv M.BEKT RILEY Cooperation. His honorary tit as president emeritus of GSCW was last week bv the I ri 1 1- i1 Inn I sj(v The ell! emeni Wednesda iMa v.r I 1 CSO-llie IC- ution quo-r to raw I Dr. Wills' pension raiser! "a question of terrific impact" on 'lie fiitui'" rights, welfaie and sccin'y of 1 KJl te-tired teailiirs nrd mem-hers oi the i tn i ivtein. The ('icstMf, it id applied emet't and ar.d firemen's the 'ti lit s- anrre-' merts jih 'ion saul cou (i.rr tne facilities available to other in-1 Haskell Boyter, director of the tr rested groups, 1 1 1 gjbeard's educational radio nearby colleges and oth- tion. WABE, will also direct tele-er related organizations.

Kenneth vision activities. Christian-en, formerly of the Re-i The station will be used for gional Education Board, was edult as v.11 as chill education, named several months agn as Boyter sard. coordinator for fiis service. If" tentative!" plans televising IX1NDON, March 21 Crick-1 "vested right" to his pension and state ifterish the thought!) jhis to freedom of speech. old been told to watch their lanu-u'e; Dr.

Wells said the resolution: pere.mn fun'is ma'i'hrs liow on TV. The. "I'arn heppy over the a' ti'-n of No'in BBC explained its newfsf 40-mchithe retirement boatd." 'ern i-colve; Jarc II faid pteiiminary arm pg for 'he has been rcmplrted. the board awaiting FCC appioval. v.as lens mal.ff lip-readingi Dr.

Well- is ecietary of ttie 'Georgia Cwmtil of iMertacial jCiOfe-ip.