Wisconsin State Journal from Madison, Wisconsin • 2

abroad and to pay tariff duties. Ttke away Such is not the case, as the evil is remedied iu a ereat measure by the county and state during the year, and 99 discharged. The average number of priaoneisurmg the year I1 few months will be in connection with Lake Superior, and its nortn western extension, now completed to lloo inturz, it is expected reach thn river at Cruse within twe've rno-nufl. Tne Milwaukee at Northern' Riiiroad, passing ihrouga a neb and populous country, and one greatly iu need of kuch lacilit os, will soon ba in cou neclioti wan; Fond Lac and Meaasha O-ihkosh ha joined hands with Ripon, and Fond du Lie will eorn do so. Green Fay is rapidly constructing a line to the Mississippi, while tbo Madison and Portage road is being extended up the Valley of the Wisconsin to Grand Rapids and Stevens Point.

The rapid and capy transit of passengers aud freight by rail, has given that mode of conveyance the preference over all other systems, and so strongly ininrested is every community with this lact that they are often induced to giant aid to secure nea' at hand thisiiost deeirabie method of transportation, greatly in disproportion to their ab.lity to par, and greatly in excess of the advantages to be obtained. On the hrst day of Jauua-y, 1871, there were in operation within the lim ts ol the State, 1.2S8 miles of railway, and on the fiist day of January, 1872 u86 miles, representing a cost either actual or fictitious of nearly one hundred millions of dollars. This vast concentration of capital in one in-teresf, alone, affects jvery other inteiest in the State, and it my with be said, that thero ie no branch of industry withiu the State, that is not dependent upou rail way facilities, aud whijh unfriendly actio, 1 on the part of railway maua erj, may not at any time crush out. Tne railway interests of the State have grown to their present proportions without any general system aud with little responsibility to the people of the State, and the opinion among railway managers seems generally to prevail, that their 11 is the supremo law. This is an error which ought to be corrected.

Rail roads are public corporations, and as such are author. zed to take private property on making iusi compensation, a right which can only be given weie property is taken for public use. If, tLen, railroads ie pub-lie highWkjs the public are emitted to the fullest benefits to be derived therefrom, at tir allowing ie stockholders a reasonable videiid on their capital inveated, anu tr secure both parties in the full enjoyment ot their I'isv, right, the most adeq iate protec t'on should he given. I do not regard the railway management of this State as less lair or liberal than tbat of other States. Trains are rua th regularity and safety, and the travelling publio has been well accommodated to far as their physical comfort and safe is co cerned.

Nevertheless, there are complaints ot unjust discrimination ia par icular locah ties, for which it is claimed, there is no redress, and that rates of transportation generally ae unnecessarily high. I pafs no judgment upon these as I have not such personal knowledge able me to do t- hi interest has be-vuiue so important, and is so vit 1 to tbe prosperity of the wlio'o state, tbat I recom mend the organization of a board of Rail road with power to inquire into all complaints and abujes, aod to exercise a gem ral supervision ovei' tbe operating of the several railroads wirhin tbe state, and to recommend such legislation us may seem to thera xpedient, and report annually to the Governor. Fortunately, our con -titutiou gives to the absolute co trol over this whole question, and I hope that there will he no hesitation in app'ying an adequate remedy to every just cause of compl iut. Tne prictice or" giving bonusus in aid of the construction of railways, is not to be eoodf-mned where the communities confine themselves within reasonable limits, and the bonus is not disproportioned to the benefits to be deaived; but there has bten a degreb of recklessness in this regard that has brou-ht gre: Jistress cn many iocali ties. After me explosion ot the tarm mortgage Bjstem, which brought hundreds farmers to bankruptcy end ruin, the next jevice was to induco the towns, counties and cities to lean their credit in aid of various railroads.

Towns that were the most p-omising of aay in the state, in an evil hour were persuaded 10 loan heir credit far be oi money I am sure that no Stato can show a finer structure, or one better adap ed to the purp ses for which it was intend d. The gr surround iu it, naturally so beautiful, hao received little attention, the temporary fence will soon require to oo -rlaced. I make no recommendation in-regard to it, but call ii lo your attention for such action as you may think proper. STATS HISTORICAL SOCIETT. The State Uietorioal Society, under the able management of the corre poiding secretary, fiotn the vert smallest beginnings, has prown to large proportions, and is a grest credit to the Sta e.

Tbe past year bas been r. prosperous one for tbe society, the additions to Its library, bound and unbound, being volumes, and the total number of volumes1 in the library now rthts 50,530. Thn additions fur tho past y6ar bare been valuable and important, and some ot th very rare, and tbe library is regarded as the largest and bes. in the western couutry. The visitors number many thousands annually, and it is hoped that it ill receive the same friendly consideration hereafter from the Legislature as heretofore.

STATE LIBRARY. In 1866, the Legislature pissed an act appropriating $600 a year for two years for the purchase of books for the State Library, and the act was re enacted in 1805, and ain in 1870. It 'n recommended that the act bd again re-enacted. EDUCATION. The report of tho Superintendent of Pah.

lie Instruction will present very satisfactory condition of the schools of the State. The State University is in a more flourishing, prospeious and promising conmiou than at any former period of its history, snd it is rapidly growing in popular favor. The resources the institu'ion ate fully anown by the report of the Regents, and are not as ample as could be desired. The original grant of seventy-two sections made by tho General Govf-n mentto the Territory of Wisconsio, iu 1833, was for the iupport of a University, and not tot the erection ot the buildings, and a similar grant it 1 854, a for a like purpose. Sections of Article 10 of the Constitution, provides that the "proceeds of all lands that bavo been or may hereafter bo granted by tho United States to the State for the support of aUui-veiJity, shall be aad remain a perpewial fuud, to be eahed the University Fund, the interest of which shall be appropriated t- the tupport of the State University." To obtaiu the means with which to erect a college building, the most valuable lands were sold at a very low price.

It may safely be said that had they been held until this time, thev wouli have brought ten-fold the sum that was realized for them; a sum sufficient to put the University on an equal footing with the best endowed iustiiutiotin in the country- Bu', what has been done cannot be recalled, and it now remains lor 'he State to correct its error lis it best can. Wisconsin ought to be able to educate her men at home, her University. am sure, may bo made th ot any the country. Ttie location of none is more inviting, and the opening of it to women marks a favorable cia iu its history. As it becomes better known, and the people ot the Stato more avail thomjel ves of the advantages of cheap and thorough education it aSords, it will become an object of universal favor, and your friendly consideration of it is invitfd.

The Normal School Fund now amounts to $671,802 49, bing an increr.se during tht year of $62,308 75 The increase for the vear ending 1, 1871, ws $51, added to balance on hand Septem ber 1, 1870, ot $17,583 09, mad available ucrea-fe to Septemb-r 1. 1871, $63,738 64 Disbursements, $33 9ri9 45 leaving a bal ance on band of $34,774 i)9 Tne estimate tor running tje three schools now in existence at Plat eville, tVhitewaterand Ohkosh for one yjar is $40,000. The number of students is about 400, and the schools are meeting tho just expectations of tbe people of the State. IXTEMPERAKCK. The intemperate use of intoxica'ing liquors is an evil greatly to be deprecated, and is confined to no State or Nation.

To devise means to most effectually abate it, bas taxed the wisdom of Christians, philanthropists and legislators, for many years. Legislative action in some of the States bas mitigated, but net eradicated the evil, and it is very questionable wl.ether any' law can be enacted, that will afford a comolete remedy but I deem it voj duty call the suu-ject to your attention, in tho hop that you may frame a law that will meet tin public Our forests of pine, hemlock, and all kinds of bard wood, are exceeded by those of no Other Sia'e. Forth growth of wool, our a'e has privt'd to reiaost, a the cotton of Tennessee, Jliesivsipi-i and A b3 can be 'aid in Wi-cunsin for a mjch less cost lor transportation than in New Eugland. Bounded on the north an.J, east by two of the greatest inland seas of the world, and on the west by the Father of Waters, connected by water communication tre c'lisg oer one balf of our vast country, with water powers running to waste equal to moving every water wheel in tbe United States, tbe State is far behind many of her sister States, which have no iich natural sdvantaeB. Another year ill ee completed the Goverr.nienl: improvement of the JfifS sdpni it ek Ialtnd and Des Momcs Rapid.

Th 6 may be regarded as the most valuibie wcr ever undertaken by the Government. Wh2n completed, steamers of S' 0 tons burden will be able to navigate the Mississippi at all ecaEOns wrien unobstructed by ice and whtn supplemented by the Fox and Wisconsin improvement, cannot fail to exerciso a wholesome imiuc nee over the question of transportation. Then the raw cotton may bo brought to us for les than one-half of hat it costs to transport it to Lowill, Manchester, Fa'l River or Lewis-tor and, when manufactured, the whole lake basin, and valley of tbe Mississippi offer uuriva'led advantages for market- reached by cheap transportation, With ke best iron org in the why cbould nine-tenths of all the iron consumed in tbo State be brought from a distant Staia crlrora Europe 1 iiy send our wool to New England to be worked into cloth and then buy it back greatly enhanced in value? Why go to New England for our manufactures of cotton, when it is so apparent that we can fabricate them with so much advantage et home It is apparent that for many years a large portion of tho revenues to support the Government 08 raised frt tariff duties. Common sense would seem to indicate that in rais ng a revenue, duties should bo so levied ss to test promote those branches of industry thtt can be prosecuted here as well as in any other country, but for the dearer capital and labor here; and I hope that your legislati will be so diracted as to the growth of those biaacbes of aianu 'acturing industry, to whicti thu State is so well adaptod. Tbe existing tariff no doubt r'q-iires revision.

The duties on many articles are unnecessary high. Raw materials should be admitted either free or aa very law rt(e of duty, INDIANS. Tho northwestern part of the State bas been long infested with roving fctnds ot In dians, mostly of the Winnebago tribe They -have reservations in Kansas or Nebraska, to which thev should loug since have beeu ro moved. Their wanderings and depredations re tot confiia ay particular loctlity, out aro mostly felt in the counties of Clark, Jackson, Trempealeau, Monroe and Urosss. The people are justly dissatisfied that they have not been removed, and have practiced ereat forbearance up to this time.

Our St ite Prison itow contains one or more in mated Irom this tribe. Two years ago, an appropriation was made for tueir removal, but for some reason the law was never executed. I ree'mmend that Congress be memorialized upon the subject. THE XAliON. IJaving thns hurriedly adverted to the satisfactory condition of our State, I hope hat it may not be regarded aa improper to nonet, in a brief manner the condition of the nation.

At no time has more general prosperity and cont-en traent prevailed than how, aud no former period bas been marked with an eq'ial degree ot progress and development. Our foreign affairs are in a most sat'sfactory condition, and our standing abroad was never higher than at this time. Our financiil credit has greatly improved within the Fast two ani our public debt bas oeen consfantl ditttinisliing. The revenues have bean faithfully collected, and it is evident that all the wants of the gov. ernment may be supplied in the still further reduction of the tariff and internal taxation.

The cause of Civil Service Reform is making good progress under the only administration that ever had the courage to advise tbe adoption of it. The Preeident tas recommended universal amnesty, and it a hoped and believed that Congress will act favorably on his recommendation at an ea'lv day. Our currency has been constantly imrov-ing, until now the difference betwee i it and coin is less than ten per cnt, and the time is at hand when the government should resume paper currency. A deprecisted and ilucnating specie payment is a curse to aiy any considerable poition of the demand, and t' value of gold aud legal tenders will at once nearly npproximate, and when tat result is reached, no one need apprehend danger from a resumption. Authority from Congress to collect one naif the tariff duties in legal tenders, would -destroy tho demand for $90,000,000 gold psr annum, and would still leave the Government with its lare coin reserve, in a position to mest all its engagements, and would so appreciate the legal tenders as to make resumption safe and easy for the Government and people.

It is recommended tbat yon memorialize Congress in favor of tte payment of coin for all its debts. POSTAL TKLKORAPHS. The President, in bis late sunn ,1 message, recommended to Congress the adoption'of a government telegraph system in cojnccuoa with our postal system. It would seem tuat this recommendation ought to receive the approval of all parties, except such as now control the transmission of the intelligence of the country by telegraph, and the gam and stock jobbers bv whom the telegraph is now so largely used, and whose occupations would be gone if it was madu so cheap and reliable as to be within the reach cf a'L Though the telegraph is an American invention, and the character of our people and country ench as to mako it certain that under equally favorable circumstances, it would 00 used here more freely than in any other country the fact Ms fLat there is hardly any civilized country on the globe where tbe telegraph is u-ed so little by the marses as in the United States. In Europe nearly fifty per cent, of all taes-sages are upon social and family matters, while in this country the same class of messages scarcely reach five per and it is evident that our country is to be about the laet enlightened country to receive the full benefit ot that wondetful invention.

Tbe to the assumption the government of the telegraphic business of the country, is based upon three objections: 1st, That it will tend to larg-ly increase the pa'ronage of the government and the concentration cf power at tbe national capital. 2d. That it will place all the social and business secrets of the public in the possession of the government. 8d. The great expense that the adoption of tbe system would entail upon the government and people.

A I these otj -ctiocs, in my opinion, are groundless. The connection oi the wires with tne will not add to the r-r. ruber cf postmaeters. It is true, that in many offices, tbe postmasters would be compelled employ one more operators to assist them in the discharge of their duties, but the inauguration of the new systerj ot Service Reform, will insure the appointment of telegrapuers oa tbe ground of their fitness alone, without regard to their political opiains, and they will only be removed for cause. In Europe, women are I -rgely employed as operators, and are tound to be very capable and expert in the discharge of thiir duties.

If the eystem should be adopted this country, no doubt it wou'd opea up employment foraKrge of woieii to obtain an honest livelihood. Nor would it be cattsw regret to see one branch of government employment opened to tbtm, which they can fill with sdvautage tp- t' cmselves and the public. Tbat the social and secrets of the people would bo ia the possesion of government officials, is not a seriou-i objection, Telegiaph secrets must be in the of somebody, li it not better that they uhouid be in the posses iou of persons contiolled by eflic ent and strn-gent laws, than as now, wholly without law and virtually wholly irresponsible One great obiec ion to the present system is, that 'here 13 iio responsible party to whom the public can complain, for a redress of grievances, with any hope of ruccess. The expense attendant on the adoption of the sytt-m, bas beeu gi-aatly exaggerated. Better than the existing lines, can be built for not to exceed Nne-tenths of all the lines in the country are controlled by one company, which, having watered its stock many times, is now represented by a nominal capital of over $10,000,000.

It is urder tood that a majority of the stock is held by one man and his immediate friends, so that in truth, the power of transmitting telegraphic intelligence is in tbe hands of one man, and he the largest monopolist in the country. Can a worse centralization of power be imagined Less than one year ago, the stock of that company was wortu in the stock than 33 per cent, oj iia watered capital, which was its full value as a dividend paying stock, and the present quotations at more than double that sum, in no way represent its true value, but simply an intention to impose upon the government in case it should determine to buy the lines. It the government caauot buy existing lines as their fair cost, it should proceed at once to build new lines. Lines covering ail the territory now reached bv the telegraph, could be erected for of tne tmi-nal capital n-jw representing the lines. That sum raised upon five per cent, bonds would involve an annual expense for interest of $500,000, which sum would be met fiora tho csrnings of the system in a uniform tariff of 25 rents for 2if words, to any cf the cenntry.

The Government bas given upwards of $60,000,000 to a Pacific railroad, involring an aRnual expense for interest ot and men in Congress voted for it who now cry out against the ex-rsvagance of the postal telegraph. Tne difference in the propositions is that the one is for the benefit of the whole people, virtually costing the Government nothing, while the other was for tht benefit of a comparative few, and impose 1 a heavy annual burden upou t' people. Tne experience of European and other countries, fully justifies the statement that the system here would be self-sustaining. Republican Switzerland, was the first country to adopt it, and the result ia 'hat ten cents, a dispatch of twenty words may be sent to any tft of the country, aud yet at tbat low rate ie eystem is not only self-sustaining-, but a ourceotreve ue to the Government. Sfjae may be said of Belgium.

Even cold aid sparsely set.led Norway and Sweden are far in advance of us, for there, for cents, a disp'ch of twenty words may be sent to any place ia those countries, without imposing any burden on the Government. Great Britain tas the last European co'intry to adopt the system, which eLe did in Feoruary, 1S70. in the face ot the most bitter opposition from the tele-t raph companies. The result has mere than justified the predictions of the most Ban guine Jrieu.s cf tto measure. Tbat government has now the mist perfect telegraphio system 11 the world.

At a uniform rate, prepaid by stamps, of one shilling for twenty words, the business has more then doub'ed; it has paid all expanses, and returned Itrge to the Gat cm-meat, eo that a reduction of tariff, to for twtn'y words is promised at an early day. In Australia, a country vast in extent and very sparsely peopled, tbis system has hcen and is self-sustaining, aud at a uniform rate of one shilling, d'epatches o' twenty words, may be sens from one extreme of the country to another. Believiag that this measure will largely a id to the material in crests of the country, promote business and friendly iu'ercour and bind the Uuion together, in more intimate and friendly relations, and that the people deeiro it, and, satisfied as I am, that tbe telegraph will only oe a reliable institution, aud brought within the reach of the misses, in the hands of tae government, I recomn.cnd that tu memorialize Congress in favor of tbe recommendation of the President. I haye thus brought to your attention such matters as I regard as important to the welfare of the State. Tbe people expect of you economy in expenditures, and that all publio officers be held to a strict account ability.

With cratcful hearts to the Divine Ruler ol the world, tor all the blessings, we enjoy, and a firm reliance on Him for our guidance atd support, let is proceed to discharge the duties imposed upon us by the constit'ition nd laws. Cadwallader C. WAsacuRjr. Madison, January 11, 1872. i was 202.

but t0 Of wnom were leuimrs Tho new fihops eieottd oy thd present tib- cient Commi-sioner are nearly fir- proof, and udra nb'y lor tne purposes in-lended. T- complete them an appropriation of $10,600 is r. quired. Until completed, the labor of theprisoi. can only pir-t allv be md availab e.

I recommend that' the appropiiatton asked for be made, and tha shops completed at once. The prison will then be a very perfect establishment, and 3hould be oe rly or quite eelf suBn.r-iug. Upou the subject of the nisnagement of the prison, particular attention is ctlled to the report of tbe State Board of Charities, and the many excellent suggestions contained then in. TBK REFORM ECU OU The Reform School at vVau'iesha, appears to be an admirably mmaged, thriving aud prosperous institution, ani deserves the fosterin" care of the Stats. The very in terestiosj' report of the Superintendant will, no doubt, receive your caretul scrutiny.

In this connection, I call attention to ttie lact that tho State Board of Charities recommend a similar institution for girls. I commend their recommendation to your careful consideration. The fact tl at our Stato Prison, out of 202 inmates, numbers but two females, would seem to indicate that tbe want of a reform school for girls was not as greU aa that which led to the establishment of tbe existing one for boys, nver heless there is little or co doubt at such an insti tution would receive many young girls who would be benefitted by its restraints aud reformatory treatment. CHARITABLE A.JD BXNRVOLENT INSTITOTIOXS. The reports ot the State Visiting Committee, the State Board of Charities, the tiustees and cf the officers in charge of our charitable institu.ions, exhibit them as being well, economically and humanely con ducted.

The Institution for the Blind at Janesville has ample accommodations for all thOoe un fortunates iu the Siatn who seek its benefits, and wilV have ft scmo year to come. Tne nurrber of pupils in attendance during the year was 63 For the su port of the institution for th8 ensuing year the sum of 000 is asked. Ihe Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumfc at Delavan is filled to its utmost capacity. The number of inmates present OctoDer 1st was 137, and the ex- 1 ense of ma tit tbe institution the part tear was $35,730 .7. The trustees ask for aa appropriation of $20,000 towards enlarging the piesect buildings.

I recommend mat you mike tbe necessary appropriation to provide adequate accommodation. as I do, the deaf and dumb, the blind and the as tho wards of tbe Jtate, I have no hesitation in recommend ing the necessary appropriation lor their comfortaole care and and so long the money is faittifuily applied the pur-noses intended, ro burden will ba more cheerful! borne Hy the people. My prede ccssor well sli in Irs last message: State can afford to do anything which i right and neaessarv to be do Provide for doing that and no mote, and the publio will oot ccmylain and I reiterate tLe sent" ment. The reports of the trustees and superin-endein of tho hospital for the insane a' 1adion, as well as the visiting committee, oresent a eatisfactcry exhibit of that The number of pa'ients ndmittcd i i tne lat year was 164, making the whole number under treatment during the year '24 Durii.jr the year 54 were dHeharjed recovered, 62 imp-oved, 24 unimproved, 29 having died, oiak'ne the whole number died aid difachared 169, leav.ng in the 'Otpitl on the 18b day of Sepiemrnr, 1871, 355. Tbe eApense of maintaining insti tution lor the last year, was $87,534 31, of which sum $76,890 61 w-s for urdiuary cur rent xpenees.

Tb estimate for the year ending September SOib, 1872, including improvements and repairs, is $97,100. The trustees ard superintendent earnestly re commend the completion of the hospital by the addition of wings, and for that purpose ask for an appropriation of It is estirrated by the superintendent -hat after the complet ion of the wing of the new hospital now under contract at Ostkosh, and rilling it to its utmost capacity, there will still be 300 insnne persons in the state unprovided for. Tne duty of the state to kindly care for her insane Is clear, that it may not be neglected, and it manifest injustice to select a portion only for csie and treatment, while the rcat, having equal claim oa our sympathy, are left to suffer A personal visit t- tbe new Hospital for the lupaLe, near Ojhkosh, has satisfied me that the committee who made that selection, acted with good judgment and strict lidelity to tl tsres a ol I people of the State. Situated upon tbe bjiuerof Lake Winneba go upon a beautiful plateau of land, in tue midst of a lovely country, with charming water prospect, and partially covered with a beautiful grove of the original growth of timbe', accessible by the Northwestern Railroad which las a station immediately outside of the grounds, and also by boats fr Green Bay, Oshkosh, Fond du Lac and the upper Fox, there are lew points in the ate containing so many advantages. There has been appropriated fir the purchase of site, and the rettion of buildings, to this time $251,000.

Contracts have been let for the mp'etion of the entire north wing, for $146,581 80, and for the rear building lo contain tbe besting apparatus, kitchen, laun Irj, rooms for servants, ete for and for sewers, cisterns and air duct-, Tbe wing is now under roof, Is built of yellow Walertown brick, with timmings of Cleveland stone. Tbe structure pre a fine and imposing appear a- ce, and tbe wo to far appeear-i to have been substantially and faithfully done, and at a reasonable expense- The work, now under contract will be completed on the 1st of September, The building committee have thus far discharged their duties with seal, judgmant aJd fidelity. They recommend that ihe enter buildiDg of the hospital bn immediately erected, and I concur in their view upon the subject. It is esti mated that $91,800 will be required for the erection of tbe center building and that it may he completed and ready for occupancy at the same time as the portion now under contract. When completed, it.

will constitute a perfect hospital, to which the addition of the south wing may be made whenever the public necessities require it. Until tbe centre bui.ding is finished, a considerable portion of tbe north wing would be quired for the officers and attendants of the institution, thus occupying much of tbe room designated for the insane. I earnestly recommend that the necessary appropriation be male for the neuter building and for the purchase of the necessary furniture for the institution; also a small appropriation for the improvement of the groundi It is so advisable that tue two hospitals should be put npon as even a footing as possible, that tbe public may fairly judge as to the rela tive merits in the management of each. As the warns of tbe state seeni to require very largely increased accommodations for the insane. I a so recommend that an appropria tion be mare for the additional Madison at an early day.

The Soldiers' Orphans' Home, which thus far has beea cherisned hj the state with such kindly cre, will no doubt continue to receive your favorable attention No obligation resting upon the people of the stato is sacred than that owed to the children of tbe defenders of our country in its great conflict for existence. Tho number of or pblns in atteudance during tbe last year was 3l0, and the exponse of tueir maintenance $2.75 each per week There were discharged from the Home during the year 96, number remaining September SOtb, 214 The amount estimated for current expenses of 1372, is $30,000. Under the existing Jaw, only orphan children of Wisconsin soldiers can be admitted to the institution. I recommend that the law be so amended as to t.dmit the orrban of any soldier who fought for his country in the late war, who now resides within tne te, when if, can be done without exclud any orphan of a Wisconsin soldier from its benefits. STATX CAMT0U The State Cap oi is now finished at a total cost of For the same amount Ta fnllv romcdT the ill effects that trow ou.

of this pernicious iistcm oi assessment, i.tr sring-nt awa should be fr im-d, regultting the du ies of at a re thorough enumeration and claei ficst'Oii of property in assessment should be required, ro that boards ot equal izjtion can mote fuliy correct the errone ous assessment of the town officers. TRUST FUNDS. Tho productive trust funds of the State are aa follov.8 Fund Am'toT ftinii sept. 30, 1870 IncrVe do leg your. Wbolo am't.

School. Ui iv'iv Ag't Col. 'l f-Cii'l. B47 51 208.Mil sun 77 S.1I73 2 t2l 0 Sl.Mftl'.atW 23 7.13U 8S l.V.).3l 071, 80 4'J 734. Ill Total 825, MX 16 00 10 I rCHOOL AND rMlVKUSITY LA.vDJ Tne State has now for sale: Acres.

0,878 53 66, 078 43 School lands Uuiv ireuy lands N.rmul school lands NATIONAL BANK TAXS3. 4oii, ot the laws ol 1865, imposed tax of one and a half per cent upon the par vabi of theshaies ot National Batiks in this State, made the tax a lien upon tfe stock, from the 1st diy oi July.ineacb year, nntil paid, aud required that a penalty of ono peiceutum oa the anount of the stock should be added where the tax was not paid by the 81st day of December. A large amount of these taxes remaining unpaid, an act was passed MnrcU 6, 1863, to provide for their re-assessment and collection. A recent decision of the Supremo Court ol the United States, in actions brought to recovtr back taxes paid under each of these laws, has established the right of the Slate to enforce ihe collection of the taxes referred to. It is presumed that tbe taxes re untitling duo to tbe State under those lws will be speedily paid into tUe Stato Treasu i ry.

in case oi prompt paviuen a wuuiu IDtUlV.IUCIltl ifuwv wu 1 but it the tax is i.ot pai within tniity days, I i ope that you will provide for its enforce merit in tho most rigorous manner. TBS GKKAT CONFLAGRATION. During tbe last days of Snpiember and firn days ot October, the northean pan of tie state was overrun bv extensive fires, destroying much property and causiug grca distress, but nothing compared to what w- snou to follow; for tn the 8th aad 9-h ol October a conflagration, onparalelled in th world's htory, swent over portious of the Oconto, Brown, Door and Kewsu nee, consuming all belore it. In vain the unhappy people sought refuge in oppn fields, swamps, lakes, and rivers The fire blast, which seemed to come down trora Heaven, was eo sudden and appalhur at mai.y believed that the oog fotetold fjestruction of he world was hand. By this conll tgration it is estimated ovei 0 tnousaiid peisons los, their livP, a.

many others were horribly burned and and doomed to drag out a li to moie ihn death itself. As soon as in tilligence o' this grest cUmity reached the Executive Olhco, di prtdeces-or, wuh tha promptitude and humanity which were i-be expecied from him, proceeded at ones to the scene rf the -o lend such ain as was within h'S power. Appaling a once to the char'table for relief to the 8ut- terers tne great heart of the country re sponded with a generosity that calls for tht wa-mest g'alitude The peorle of the the mon prompt, and lioeral munner, tent tjrwarl money, clothing and st-nplis for their snfTering fellow cit zens. The people of other states were tot less prompt aud generous lioeral offeiingx, an even Canada and Europe beard our erv and manifested their sympathy w.tb a liberal hand. I place before Legi lature tbe very full rod satisfactory report of prcdeces sor.

detailing his action in rcarJ to the si.ffercrs. The responsibility taken by him and the State Treasurer cannot fail to meei your approval. The urgency of the cse fully justifies their act, on it caunot be re g-irded as a i and such an occasion is no, likely to aaiu arise The total trao. ot of money raceived at he Execu'ive ofliie for the benefit of the sufferers to January 1, 1872, wes 96, of which r-'m was trinsraitted to the Relief Committee at Green Ba; $3, 005 16 was expended fcr supplies; $187.57 for su'idrv expense? leaving cnexpendel 111,397 23, for whici 1 hold the receipt of lion lleury Btz, S'ate Treasure', for 6S9.05, anil a certificate of aeposii in the State Bank at Madison for $77 858.18. 1 aoduioR to the roregolng cuntnbutiors in money, large amoun of clothing and provicions have been received through the Executive office, aud it is understood that la'ge amounts of mcney clothing and supplies have also been contributed through the Milwaukee and Green Bay relief ccm mittees.

It is recommended that a joint relief committee, consisting of one member of the Senate and of the Assembly, be 1 constituted at an early day, with authority to proceed at once to the "burnt district" and investigate the condition of the people there, and confer with tbe reiief comrai-. tees of Green Bay and Milwaukee, a.id ascertain what amount of relief will be required to place tbm in a com enable condition, snd Vnen they caa be self-sustaining. I also recommend that you constitute some authority through which the amount now subject to my order may be so disposed of as to give the most relief and best meet tho wishes ot tbe contributors. CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT. The people at tho late election having ratified a Constitutional amendment prohib iting certain classes ot special legislation, ti important duty devolves on jou to pro vide suitable and carefully consi cred sen-eral laws, under which the objects can be accomplished, which heretofore have been effected by Fpecial laws.

THE NEW APPORTIONMENT Of representat oa in Congress will command your attention, and require a re dia trictiDg of the State. GEOLOGICAL SURVST. My predecessor.in Irs last annual message, earnestly recommended a tiiorougli geological survey of the State. Tbe opening op by rail at an early day of portions ot tho S'ate heretofore wholly unknown, add.s force to his recommendation, and I commend the rubject to your careful consideration. Such a survey, conducted by a ecien tifio and thoroughly practical man5 no do-ibt would bj a great advantage to the State.

The report of John Murris who for the past 18 months has been engaged in a si r-vey of the lead district, is herewith trans-rsitted. iRT DOVAUD hoad. Tha Fort Howard Military Road baa been completed from Fori Howard northeasterly to fne Stite and tho lands granted in aid thereof have beer, conveyed to the contractors by whotr tbe road was built. STATE BOARD DP CHARITI'Si AND RSl'OEM The last Legislature authorized the appointment of a State Board of Charities and ra, with power Tested in the same to visit and examine into our reformatory and charitable instituti rsf My predecessor aooointed as members the board.flon. Wtilard Merrill, of anes.

villo; Hon. W. (J. Allen, ol Racine; lion. PL U.

Giles, of Madison Hon. Andre-v E. of Gma Uty, a-jd Mrs. E. Lynde, of Milwaukee.

Tne bosrd waff organized by the election i Hon. tf. xl. Giles Preeident, and Hon S. D.

Secretary. This board, working without pay, and actuated by an unselfisa pbilanthrophy, has devoted much time and labor to tbe die-charge of its and has submitted an elaborate report, which will command our careful attention. The disclosures and valu able suggestions made, it is hoped will lead to many needed reforms. The thanks of the whole State are duo to the members of ihr board for the faithful and fearless munner in wh ch they have discharged the duties imposed upon tbcui. TDK STATS P2I30N.

Tho State I'risen is in a satisfactory condition. There nere 95 perionn received Tue o-'i'lo of tin S.aie Wisconsin, haviie called me to the i-eivice it. the capacity of thir chief executive, I a pear before you in accordance with a custom th.it ha pretailed nee the formation of our State Government. The constitution imposes upon the Governor the duty of communica nt to the Legislature the condi.ion of the State, and recommending such legislation as to him my rem expedient aud ciled for by the public welfare. In proceed.

to dia -hare that duty. I am deeily i pie-d wit vhe renp litie of With tra nude t' mom pro fVaud and towards tne.pci ol the S'hu- fo the cDi.tidence reposed in me, and a ietr ruination to devote best eftcr a to their twric, 1 ppro.iCh this duties tbt be long to roe will feelings of distrust and embarrassment. Succeeding in this oflice a gentleman who has admin' stered is duties kr a longer ponod than my ot his Pdef who left it enjoying iu the hiRht degree the confidence and Kood will ot the P-''P I shall regard n.y.elf exceeciw.g.y fortu- nate it. at, the exp r.tuu mv l5r 11 service the same good opinion, go with me While pe.stile.ee and famine have deso at-ed oiber nations, the year just ended Lm bee. one of general health ID our State, and marked with a degree of prosperity serial to any that has preceded it and savin only one great calamity that has be-fallenne sectiou of it, tho people have great cause ot tbanktulness to tbe Author ol every tood and perfect gUt.

The hbu-idant returns of agriculture have not only been equal to all the wants of our people, but have furnished a large surplus with hich to supply other and favored pe plea. Our manufacturing industries have sfr-adr ly iucreused, and our commerce has suffered lio abatement, while n.any portions of the k.0ir,,ro nnito inaccessible, navi. kwn nnonr .1 nn bv railioadsto development. The laws have been fuithlully executed, and the riehts of all preserved and maintained. Tne caue of education bai beta cons antly progressive, and our noble iLStitutious of public charity have brought relief and miuistered to the com fort of many who, in the inscrutable pre vi dence of God, have been deprived of thtir reason, ot the faculties of he ring and sight But without further retrospect, I proceed to a mire detailed exposition of the condition o' the state.

From the r. ports of tne Secret ry of b-ate and S.ate Treanirer.it app-ars that tbe bal ance in the Treasury belonging to the various at the close of the last fiscal year, wis o-. The receipts and disbursements general fund for the fiscal year were RECEIPT. of the Ptatft tux "lid tnx on uits lta lr. ad com; auios tixe laciir compii.ies -laX' u- Cuntie lee companies l'l t-x lnnk dues on State Bonds ilLcellapeous scouicei 2t 2,1, 8 58 63, 2E0 Hi i 7 317 72 2, 12 1 fltt 04 81 Total Dl-BrR-ilMSNTS Salaries and appiopria- nonx exp n' eersion or 'Hit 1 isu and charitable intitu tiona In er on ma debt 81 li is Social appropil.tioi.a i 7 Jliscclaeons 100, 7'i, i4S 5 1 18 tal 5 7 4 Toia fund haviuz teen overurawn oept cinh to i ho amo, nt of 71 the l.la'c at the ciose ot the Jast, fiscal ye wa- Tne above disbursements are thus recapitulated in the Secretard report: ttfl In-titutione 1 luter'-st of ttitc debt Spi-cial ppropntions and otnur extraordinary expunges 53 125, 815 24 Makmg tba total crtraordinary expenses Which, deducted from the total iu-bur-em uts, leave- aa ordinary ex- jfeoees Tne expenses of tho same c'ass in 1SJU 5000,205 97 45 316, 3E0 31 f-TATK DKBr The State debt, not raving been changed during the fi cl year, oa he SUth of September, 1371, owing as fol Jo Oc State hoed ontsrand'nar Toihebch.i.l KBLd-on ceititioites of inde dntps To the School Fund oncer litlr.ati ol indeb.ednees To the Uiiivei-nity and on certiu-eaiea indebtedness To tne Atjricultu al d'Utge Fund-on ct.

titioaies oi in'tebt- dnefd To Currency C'ertiftctes oucer-titicites of indebtedness CO 00 479,500 Oil 0) 00 57 00 Tne expenses of the fiscal year ending SepterabecOth, 1872, having already beeu estimated and proyidtd lor, it devolves up ycu to make provision for the same for the year commencing October In, 1872. The expenses of that year are by the S- crcarv of State thus For salaries and appro- priait.ms 00 ior eipenu For Interest on State dent For Penal and Charitable lnetitntior.s For Cl-rks and Kxploycs i'r Printing. Spmial Appropriations and Contingent Kxptjusos 00 172, 032 11 277, 400 00 0J 00 $775,032 12 that year, $270,000 00 f.O 1,50 it) 1,1 oo no 00 0, 000 IJ0 Total Tne tesources of the state for are estimated as follows: Kailroiil companies license lufurance companies tax and cena Telegraph and pi rkrond companies llawKers'and peda.eis' licetso Tax on suits Miacoliji-eoiis soaices Amounting to orized bv exis'ing laws: For interest on stato debt Leaving to be provided, lor by you at this session. $147,000 00 $172,032 12 00 This estimate is deemed adequate foror-din-jry expenditures for the year Shouli large appropriations be made lor purposes not anticipated in this esiimue, additional revenues must be provided to pay them. governor's coktixgsst fund.

Tber was from the Governor's contingeit fund during tho year 18a tne sum ol $1,924.02. Tnere ws transferred to the fund during the year, to reimburse it for expenses heretofore incurred in protecting the St. Croix and LVse Superior railroad lands, from collections madj pursuant to chapter 46, General Laws ot 1869, the sum of $383 50. The balance iciiia in the lund January lft, 1872, is $552 13, to a appropriation shoi'ld added. Thero was received at tho Execu ive office during the yeae as fees for commissions to commissioners cf deeds fo- this Stite to reside in other and paid into the Slate Treatury, the sum of $170.

STATK TAX. The State tax levied for 1871 wa? 62t, 10, being 91, 13ii 14 less than the year before. This iiuludes $166,000 for build. ng the Northern Uo-pitil for the lnsano. Thero is duo the State from on account of taxes for previous yearp, tho sura of 9a.

The following statement shows the assessed valuation, the ntnouut of State tax end rate per centum of tba tax, for the last five years: F.r. Valuation. Stale Tax. Rate per cent. 1807 18 IftU 1871 101, 851, Ifii 2 It.

14 86 541,33 li 13 11,823 21 Ci'J, 113 10 3 1-3 mills. 2 21-'C0 mills. 2 18 inille. 1 l'K) mills. 1 1U0 mills.

12, 1 1,124 iO, 10 ASSKstMKjrr or propirty roR taxatio.i The aggregate valuation of all taxable property, as returned bv tho asiefsors, lor 1871, is C03, excludin-r Ashland county. This something over two millions less th.n th3 assessment o. 1870. The exf oiiencc of the past shows the tendency to unJervaitie neni ly every ciass of property. This is doue by assessors, in the belief that thereby they will lessen to their towns the burden of state and county taxes.

yond tneir lair ability, to aid in the construction of railways, in the expectation that the benefitswoald add so largely to their husinjss and prosperity, tbat they could easily pay the debt created for iba. object. In almost every instance disappointment bas been th result, and instead of tbe great advantages preaicted, they find themselves buried beneath almost hopeless debt and their prosperity greatly impaired or destroyed. With the many examples of this kind whion the State a Cords first, in the ruioe farm mortgagors, and the embarras ed and prostrate towt -it ws reasoaable to expect tbat the people would be more cautious about involving themselves in debt beyond their reasonable ability to p)y. But such appears not to be the fact, and as near as I can learn there has beeu as much recklessness as ever, during the pest jear, in vo-fng such bounties.

Tr.e disposition to create debts for future generations to pay, appears to be universal. While there may be no great objection to any osmmunity taxing each year to a limited amoui in aid of such publio improvements as the majority may deem nacesear? for the public welfare to saddle posterity with heavy debts for doubtlul benefits, can on'y result in repudiation and disgrace As a temporary measure of safety, I recommend tbe passage el a law prohibiting any town, county or city f.oui creating any debt in aid of any rail road or public improvement, in excess of five per cent, uf (he assessed value of the property oi eu'-h town, jcunty or city, and an amendment to the constitution tothe same effect be submitted to the people at the earliest possible moment. Sf C.IOIX AND LAKE SUPERIOR LAND GRANT. The renewal of tho St. Croix and Lake Superior L-nd Grant is greatly desired by the people of the northwest part of the State.

Having made their settlements in the expectation tbat this road woulJ be built, acd purchased their lands at double government price, it is but just that the grant should be renewed to ths State; and to secure that end, it is lecommended tbat you ask Congress to take such action as is due to the State and tbe people most direot-ly interested. The care of tbe lands within the limits ot this grant, wis intrusted by the Secretary of the Interior and my predecessor, to General Samuel JIarriman, who was authorized to act both fcr the State and General Government. His report shows that there was in the State Treasury on the first day cf October, 1871, to the credit ol the St. Croix and Lake Superior Railroad Land Trespass Fund, a balance ot 86, and that suits are now pendipg aeaiuet responsible parties to recover about $75,000 more. AORICUi THRU.

The reports of tho County and State Agricultural So ieties afford evidences ot grow and progress in agriculture tbat are quite satisfactory. Tbe exbibitiocg at our late State and County Fairs, weie tbe best ever lad in the State, and it was generally ob-erved that the farmers were aevoting more attention to the growth and treediug of nock, anu less to the grow. of grain, to be transported, at an expense ot more than half its value, to a distant market for cea sumption, and great to the impoveiishment ot the soil. That they will find their ad vantage in a more diversified industry, there can be no doubt. As agriculture is, and mut continue to be for a lo 'g time, if pot always, the leading iLterest of the State, it will no douot receive your care.

MARUrACTUKlSO. While the interests of agriculture have beeu in the main satisfactory for the past year, those of manufacturing nare been pro gressive, but not all that could be desired. There is no State in the Union that can pre-cent as great natural advantage for a ma facturing State, as Wisconsin. Iler raw materials of iron, copper and lead are foui distribute! over the State in exhaustl quantities, from the shores of Lake Supe ior to our southjrn border. Of building st oe, we have every variety of granite ot and the beautiful and revrr- tiidiag tire proof brown freestone of Lake bupcr.or.

Ktohn, or the fiuest quality of porcelain clay, exists in immense beds at Graid Rapids, on the Wisconsin RiTer. judgment, and diminish, il not end, the wrongs and sufferings that lesult from intemperance. RIVER IMPROVEMENTS. The subject of water communication between tie Mississippi river and the seaboard, is attracting much attention throughout tbe country. Tbe necessity oi cheaper transportation is everywhere felt the Mississippi Valley.

The late Commercial Convention which assembled at Baltimore, fully recognized tbis necessity, and passed resolutions favoring a liberal policy on the part of the gov eminent in improving our great national highways. Tbe line which of all others, nature has pointed out as the best line of communication between tbe Mississippi and the Jakes, is by the Fox and Wisconsin rivers. The work cf improving tbe Wisconsin river has progressed favorably under the supervision of the United States ergin eels. I am iLformed that the results of toe experiments made the pa.t year have been such as to give the greatest satisfaction, and have fully convinced all interested of tho entire practicability of renderiug that stream naviganle for boats of light draft at a comparatively small outlay of money. The arbit ation authorised by Congress at its last session to determine the sum wiricb, in justice, ought to be paid to tne Greea Gay Mississippi Canal Company for their rights and franchises in the Fox river, bas bsen had during tbe past year.

The s- which, as I am informed, bas been awarded by the arbitrators to the company, is ss follows Value of locks, dams, fraoch'f 00 Value of waier pow HO, 000 On Value of personal property 40,0 0 00 Total $1,048,070 W) Prom which deduct product from lands $723,070 00 Balance $325,000 This being the deliberate opinion of three highly honored and eomnetent gen tlemen, who fully examined the whole question, there is every reason, to believe that the award is just, and it is hoped Congress will accept th same. The company is in honor and in law bound to abide the award. The importance of this improvement is fully understood by the people Eat and West. Its national importance is acknowledged on all hands. I therefore reo ommeud thut you take such steps as will lay the question in all its bearings before Con gress.

There ought to be no hesitation on the part of the General Government to promptly accrpt tin award and continue the work until this line of water communication between the great lakes and the Mississippi is eo improved as to answer all the demands of commerce. RAILROADS. Among the causes wh'ch have led to the rapid development of tbo material interests of tbe State, ra Iroads may be regarded as the most important, and the past year bas witnessed tho construction of a greater number of miles of railway than s.nv previous year. The completion of the Western Wisconsin Kail'oad to Hudson has opened out a region of country grtatly in need of such a line of communication, and the large and increasing business that it Is transact ing ehows that its construction was not in advance ot the business by which it is to bp supported. Tho Central Wisconsin, which has built and placad in operatijn sixty six mi es this season from Menasha to Stevens Point, is rapidly pushing forward to Bayfield, on Lake Superior, which point it is expected will be reached witbip the present year, and will open up a vast country to settlement, which hitherto has echoed only to the sound of tbe lumberman's axe or the rifle of tbe huntsman, whi'e tbe Northwestern Railroad has pushed with energy its northern extension from Green Bay, until it has reached tte Meomcnee iiver, and in a country, and should not be tolerated a moment longer than is absolutejy necessary.

From whatever standpoint such a currency may be Viewed, in time of peace it can only be regarded as a great evil and so long as it exhts, we shall be shut out from fa'rly competing with those couu'ries which use no euch false uncertain neaeire of value. That the rea est gold traducing conn ry on earth should continue lo lo.iger utter false promises to pay, is not creditable to tbe nation. Tbe legal tender notes are promises to pay gold on demaud. They were issued in the country's extremity and were fully justified by the necessities of the tour. Tho danger which led to thei; issue has passed away the country is prosperous, and with high ciedit nd vast resources it is the plain duty of the government to pay its obligations according to the promise expressed on their face.

I am well aware that there is a class wbicb looks upon a return to specie payments with apprehension. The debtor das which is tbe most active and public spirited of any in the community and the one which is doing the most in developing the re sources of the country, is inclined to look with f-lirru upou any policy which requires them to discharge their iu-dejtedness in any currency more va'ua ble than that existing at tbe time tbeir debts were contracted, or whicn reJuccs tbo value of the property for which tbeir debts were created; and in dealing with th question the interest of that large clas should be carefully considered As a class, their rumber and indebtedness is much greater than at the close cf the war, and botu are constantly increasing Piices are controlled by tbe laws ot supply and demand, and by the volume of the circulating medium, whether that medium be gold or paper. It is tbe opinion of many that spe cie payments can only be arrived at and maintained by first withdrawing a considerable portion the legal tenders. I do not share in tbat opinion. Since 1862, gold bas declined nearly thirty per without disturbance or distress to luinesj, and yet our paper currency has not diminished, but increased ip volume.

A further decline of ten cent need nctand would not insure any considerable contraction of the paper circulation, aud if it did, coin would take its place, and litt'e need be ap piehended iron, disturbance of values or of the bisiness of the co intry. With our five per cent. ooas at par in gold, 1,0 one ought to doubt ihe ability of the govern meut to resume at any rroment. If the government would icdeam on presentation, its demau2 nttas, cancel and destroy its fractional currency, and pay out to its cred itors either gold or tenders, ai might be Ccmanded, to ere can bo no douot that the whole amount cf cX-s ing grceubarks with tbe exception ol the actional, would be kept in circulation, and the intolerable nui a ice of frae'viou currency would be -ibated with small coin. Should such prove to be he case, then the only apprehension ot contraction wou'd be from the National Banks which m'ght fer a demand for coin.

The National Ba currency is now wcl established in publio confidence, and their Circulating notes aro all guaran eed by por-erLinent geeuritie. with adequate margin lor ontingences, and such notes issued in Massachusetts, Kanaas or Texas, circulate as readily in Wisconsin as in tbe neighborhood wher emitted, and they are now so scattered over the entire country, that it is not likely tnat they would be collected acd sent home for redemption, unless the ban.s tliemselvas resorted to policy and were mutually engaged in destroying one an other. Gold is only maintained at its present premium by the demand for it for a special purpose, viz to discharge balances.