The Bury and Norwich Post from Bury, Suffolk, England • 4

BURY AND NORH POST, AND EAST ANGLIAN. FEBRUARY 10, COCKTBT WUtm AGRCUvnniB STATE OF IRELAND. Sir R. Inolis expressed his surprise that Mr. B.

Osborne should hare denounced the plan of Lord John Russell as a bit-by-bit policy no Minister ever deserved such an attack less for his noble friend's measure, though he very often differed from them, were always large and comprehensive. Alluding to the introduction of a Poor Law, he expressed a hope that Lord John Russell would introduce into it stringent clauses for tbe collection of the rates for, if the rates could not be collected, as at Castlebar, the whole advantage of bis measure would be lost. He could not concur in Mr. O'Brien's tax on absentees but be thought the effect of tbe Poor Law contemplated would be to impose such a tax on the proprietors of land as wonld induce them to return to their country, and to promote the happiness of their farmers and cotters. He thought the measures before the House, to which he gave bis cordial assent, would end in a grand social revolution in Ireland, and would produce a greater change of occupation and tenure than any measure proposed during the last 300 year.

Colonel Conolly should do all in his power to resist the indiscriminate admission of the able-bodied to relief. With regard to the waste lands, no tillage could ever remunerate either the landlord or the State. He hoped that, as Government entertained the proposition of lending 50,000. to the landlords for seed, it would extend that loan to a greater amount. Mr.

Hume was not surprised that Members from Ireland expressed tbeir approbation of Lord J. Russell's measures, for he was giving money in abundance to the Irish landlords, and was sinking the condition of England, instead or elevating tbat of Ireland. Tbe best mode of relieving the present distress of that country was, not by affording money either to the landlords or the people, but by compelling the former to proride useful employment for the latter. Tbe of the Exchsceb, after justifying rhe measures of the Government, defended the absentee proprietors from the sweeping abuse lavished upon them, and mentioned that one of them, late a Member of that House, Colonel yndbam, was supplying daily rations to 10,000 persons. He regretted to inform the House that tbe system of work was breaking down under the Government, and that their officers were suggesting to them to provide food and not labour for the people Many now crowded to the works who were incapable of sustaining the fatigue of labour, and who, in consequence, died upon them and others, who a few weeks ago were able to earn large wages by task-work, were now so reduced as to be unable to earn enough to purchase food for tbeir daily sustenance Under such circumstances, he was afraid that the Government would be reduced to the last alternative of giving food to mitigate the evil and it was proposed to do it either by the gratuitous distribution of rations, or by the sale, at reduced prices, of soup and cooked and uncooked meat by the Relief Committees in the different electoral districts of the country.

He he I i red that there were two great difficulties now pressing on Ireland the first was a famine, unparalleled in its extent; and the second was a total change in the social system of Ireland, based on the failure of the potatoe. Ministers could not conceal from themselves, and had. no wish to conceal from the country, that hundreds were dying daily of famine. No local assistance, no local funds, could provide against an evil so extensive and we must, therefore, come forward to a large, and, indeed, a very considerable extent, to assist our labouring fellow-countrymen. The evil was, he hoped, temporary in its duration but there were months before us, during which the suffering must be severe.

He hoped that there would be uo indisposition on the part either of England or of Scotland, to give aid and if that aid was afforded, Government must call on tbe gentlemen of Ireland to give without delay their personal co-operation. Without it, Government could do nothing with it, he bad no doubt that it would be able to perform all that any Government could perform in such an emergency. The debate was then adjourned. Tuesday, February 2. Labouring Poor (Ireland) Bill.

The adjourned debate was resumed by Mr. Hamilton, who defended the relief committees and tbe landlords of Ireland, and contended that altboogh the great absentee proprietors in that country had done their duty in the present emergency, yet much of the misery which prevailed was to be attributed to the course pursued by the smaller absentee proprietors of the soil. He did not object to relief being given under existing circumstances to the destitute able-bodied labourer, but he believed it would be most mischievous to make such a measure permanent. Lord C.i sti.erau ii was so convinced of the necessity of a resident gentry in Ireland, that if a tax on absentees should be proposed he would support it, but he doubted the proprit ty of making a permanent system of relief to able-bodied labourers. Mr Labocchere would assert that, unless Government was more cordially and generally supported by the gentry of Ireland, all measures must fail to extricate that country from its present calamity.

Although the Labour Rate Act had not achieved all that was expected from it, yet it had produced most beneficial effects, and bad not been attended with mischief. It had not withdrawn people from agricultural employment, for a greater breadth of land had been sown this year than last with wheat. He also understood that rye and beer bad been extensively substituted for tbe potatoe. Tbe Irish cultivator was usually later in preparing tbe soil than was the case in this country, and therefore the Government was justified in concluding tbat no irreparable injury bad been done to the agriculture of the country. Sir R.

Peel felt it of so much importance that the measures proposed should pass without delay, that he would not interpose a single objection. He would only ask tbe noble Lord to pause before he embarked the Government money in the reclamation of waste lands. He advised the noble Lord to carry out the principle that the Irish should help themselves." He advised him to teach the Irish proprietors to act independently of the aid of the Government. Let us be liberal, let us be jost to Ireland, but if she were brought to rely too much on Government assistance, it would be encumbering her and paralysing her exertions. The cultivation of the soil must depend on the energies of the people themselves.

If we looked to the history of works undertaken by external aid, such as model farms, with their expensive agency, it would be found that the result was to deter the people from entering into similar enterprises and generally the work done by Government agency was more imperfectly done than when effected by individual enterprise, or by individual speculators, with an eye to gain, and who watched the expenditure of every penny, and dispensed with the aid of an extensive staff of agents. The latter was the way in which the permanent improvement of the land was to be expected. The three Irish bills were then read a second time. Thursday, Feb. 4.

Railways in Ireland. Lord G. Bentinck, in moving for leave to bring in a bill to stimulate the prompt and profitable employment of the people, by the encouragement of railways in Ireland," observed, that this bill had been prepared by Mr. Hudson, Mr. R.

Stephenson, and Mr. Laing. Some years ago Acts had been passed for 1582 miles of railway in Ireland, but as yet only 123 miles had been completed, and not more than 156 miles additional would be completed in the present year. There must, therefore, be some weakness which prevented those works from being carried out in Ireland which had been successfully accomplished in England, where 2b'O0 miles of railroad had already been completed, and where 4600 miles more were at present in course of preparation. His plan was, tbat for every 100.

expended by the companies, 200. should be lent by the Government, at tbe same interest at which it borrowed the money. Mr. Hudson, the Chairman of 1700 miles of railroad, was ready to pledge his commercial credit that the State would not lose a single shilling by acceding to this proposition. It would set to work an immense mass of labourers, and at the same time enable tbe shareholders to set free tbeir money for the improvement of their own estates.

As an instance, such a loan to the Kilkenny. Limerick, and Waterford railroad, would set at once 16,000 men to work, and that too, in four baronies alone, which bad been paying 4000 a mouth for unproductive works with a prospect of continuing tbat payment for some months. Though tbe plan had originated at the house of Sir J.Tyrrell, and though the bill bad been drawn up ever since last November, still, with the exception of the hou. Member for Harwich, it had not been communicated to any Irish railway company or to any gentleman connected with Irish property. He estimated that his measure would give employment to 1 10,000 persons, representing, with their families, 550.000 souls.

If then, by a measure such as this, costing tbe country nothing and leaving it some profit, be could feed 550,000 souls for four years, he thought that he should go along way in assisting Lord J. Russell to carry out his act for the amendment of the Irish Poor Law. He had inserted clauses providing that the contractors should pay their labourers once a week and in hard cash, and that if any of them should postpone the payment from Saturday to Monday, or longer, he should be compelled to pay double wages for every day during which the payment was postponed. He had also inserted a clause by which tbe railway companies, on tbe demand of the Railroad Commissioners, would be compelled to provide suitable huts and lodgings for their labourers before the works commenced. He then proceeded to consider the effects which would be produced upon Ireland generally by the construction of these railways.

He calculated tbe improvement of tbe land, one mile on each side of each railway, to be sufficient to pay for the construction of the railways themselves, estimating that in 25 years it would add 23,000,000. to the landed property of Ireland. He also calculated that these railways, when completed, besides relieving the county cess from supporting 550,000 souls, would pay 22.500. a year to the poor rates, for tbe purpose of maintaining the aged, infirm, and impotent. Inducements like these would call forth tbe capital of the country and he had no doubt tbat, if his bill met the approbation of the House, a week would not elapse without its being poured into Ireland, and without 200,000 labourers being employed at once on the railroads.

What then would happen Land would bave to be bought for these railroads. Un those already constructed 170. an acre had been paid to the landlord, and '20. to the occupying tenant for bis rights. The effect of his measure in this way would be to place 1,250,000.

in the hands of Irish proprietors for the employment of fresh labour, and 240,000. in the hands of the occupying tenants for tbeir own purposes. He did not think that this measure would have any appreciable effect on the money market, if the necessary sums were raised at intervals of three months, as was done in 1835, in the case of the loan of 15,000,000. for the emancipation of the negroes and they must be timid financiers indeed who anticipated any mischief from it. It was his intention that the interest of the loan should commence on the day of its being advanced, and tbat the principal should be repaid in 30 years, by instalments, commencing seven years after a certificate was given of the completion of the railway.

He then proceeded to panegyrize the character of the Irish people, eulogized their patience amidst the most direful suffering, and concluded by that if bv his measure he could THE IRISH MALADY. An Irish debate is so generally both long and acrimo nious tbat we cannot but be thankful for the speeay anu amicable proceedings of the week. It is something to Hud Irish members tamed lor one nigm into Kmuiuuo i utaiosmen exnressine them selves more than satisfied with the conduct of all parties. Would that there were some shadow of a nope mat tne mutual thanks and amenities of Tuesday evening are really an earnest of better days or our own pari, wishin? for one moment to interrupt civilities which are really very comfortable as far as they go, we must avow our impression tnat tney are uoi umy even somewhat dangerous. It is an attempt to slur over a great, a terrible, a significant, a criminal result.

it is as much as to sav, L.et mine ine uesi oi the scrape. It's no use calling one another names. Be civil, and we will give you all you want. are not inclined, however, to let off the culprits so easy, fhey have something to answer tor. oeverai mimum allowed to live from time immemorial on the brink or famine.

Commission after Commission has established ne fact. The present is only an excess of the ordinary The child that is always playing on tne orniK oi will some dav be found in it. fc-veryoooy wwi least was forewarned, that some day we should have those millions on our hands. It has come to pass. crime.

It must be accounted for, punished if possible, and at least prevented for the future. course, the present necessity friend were struck down by our Side we snould try yg save his life before we thought of tne R. Peel urge, as he has done all his lite, tne u' es. Let htm assent ine crisis me nnzmij to everything and compliment everybody, including the landed proprietors ot irelanu ana meir than this must be done. Something must be done to prevent a recurrence of the complaint.

In order to tills, we must have a full diagnosis of the symptoms. Let dir Ribert Peel grant and confess" something that particularly concerns the legislative antecedents ot the crisis. Sir Robert hims3lf has furnished an example of tbe philosophical rigour and accuracy wltn wuicu sucn affairs should be related I will only say with respect to this measure, um think it might be advantageous as regards tte future ii in uk Mil tht imlemnitv there were inserted a full explanation of the circumstances under which that responsi- a i i lin-nrnmenf. 1 here- Ollliv was as-uiui'u uy iter i riffht hon. trentleman to consider whether, for instance, in the bill he would not insert the letter bear ing his signature, by which the Jjaoour-raie aci whs superseded." Tr w-nnM imnossihle to exnress.

more aptly, what ought to be done, not only in the preamble of the Indemnity mil, but in tne puuvic justiucauuu It will be advantageous, as regards the future, that there should be full expana- tton of Uie circumstances under wnicn ireianu plunged into so deep a pit of misery, and the empire burdened with so ruinous an expenditure. For instance, let us see, and let posterity see also, in some authentic form, if not in a preamble or an appendix to an act, ai least in some nnhlir sneee'ti in Parliament, a full account of Sir R. Peel's Irish policy, what he has done, and what he has refused to do. We need not set down aught in malice. The facts will sppak for themselves.

It will be told how, since Sir Robert Peel was Irish Secretary, thirty-live years since, the population of that country has immensely increased, and so also its agricultural produce. The imports of corn from Ireland into England have increased to the annual average 01 more tnan two minions and a half quarters of corn while in the last year alone there came in the same fatal drain, 100,40 oxen, xc, 5363 calves, 259,257 sheep and lambs, and 480.8J7 swine. Ih.s important CJtDOSt will proceed to state tnat mean mean-4 santry con- while, in the midst of all this abundance, the peasantry were more and more wretched, and more and more con fined to the use of the most innutritious and most precarious species of potato that they were ill-fed, ill- clothed, iil-housed always on the brink of famine, and once in ten years were by millions on the alms ot tue puo- lic, an 1 the benevolence of the State tnat mynaus oi ooor begged potatoes from the doors of those who were all but as destitute, while more than a million men had not more than the average wages of 2s. a-week. It will he related that all this tune Parliament was giving to Ireland more than its share of fiscal remissions, and entirely exempting it from those new burdens which the public exigencies laid on tne untisn taxpayer, to sucu an extent, that Ireland had ceased to afford anything for the reduction of the National Debt, or for remittance to the British Exchequer.

That thus, the more Ireland produced, the less came to the peasant or to the Exchequer, and no account whatever could be given of the exporta tion of a quantity of food sufficient for the comtortaoie support of at least half the island, except that it paid tbe rents of absentee proprietors and the interest of loans. That, in the face of this tremendous drain, mismanage ment, and improvidence, the one only sacred principle of Irish legislation was to help the landlord, to give him greater legal powers and more physical force over the tenantry, to save him from taxation, ana ename mm to draw his utmost from the land with the least possible amount of duty in return. And it will be added, that in consequence of all this it came to pass, in the year 1846 1K47, the Legislature was torcea to aaance unmount, within ten months, for the relief of these same peasantry, besides passing other measures, at the very time when considerably more than that value of food was annually leaving those shores. When this grave statement has been made in the proper quarter, bearing the proper signature, or delivered by the proper speaker, then we shall nave a Detter opinion oi tue complacency with which it is attempted to heal those fearful wounds, and disguise this gloomy warning. Otherwise we shall see in these smooth speeches and holiday compliments nothing but the interested obsequiousness of dependents, and the mutual urbanity of accomplices.

We shall see only an attempt to save private credit at the expense of the public good and to cast upon the providence of the Almighty those disasters that are due to the improvidence of man, to the improvidence not only of Irish peasant and Irish peer, but also of British statesmen. Times. Must the Irish landlord be inevitably ruined if you tax his property, in common witli that of otlier chtsses, tor the support of that which can never cease from the land Even were the answer in the affirmative we would abide by the contingency. We would sacrifice a few to the many the privileges of property should give way to its duties. We would, in that case, begin a new- order of things.

Necessity should be our plea. But we do not see this result is inevitable. We think a Poor Law might be framed as to bind by an unelusive stringency every man who had a beneficial interest in property, whether ho were nominal owner or no. We think it might be adapted so as to reach all, under all circumstances of possession, occupancy, or usufruct. We suspect we know where the -hoe pinches.

It is not only from the great proprietors that opposition is to be dreaded. It is not only from wealthy absentees, like Iords Lansdowne, Fitzwilliam, and others, whose estates are well looked after. It is from poor squireens, from cunning and grasping middlemen, from petty farmers, from men who, with money in their bank, put their sons on Government works, and shut the doors of the union against the prayers of infirm paupers. We must keep an eye on these men. There is no customer so hard to deal with as a man without self-respect.

We have many customers of this kind to manage now. Ibid. Bank Issues. Sir Charles Wood, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, has addressed a circular letter to Country Bankers, under date of Jan. 30, in which he says: I have reason to believe that a practice has been carried on to some extent, espeaiclly during the last autumn, by certain country bankers, of issuing bills of various descriptions at hort dates, which have been circulated chiefly in their immediate neighbourhoods, in some cases hardly distinguishable from bank notes payable on demand, passing from band to hand in the same manner, and treated not only by tbe public at large but by the parties issuing them, precisely as bank notes, and which, therefore, practically increase, pro tanto, the amount of paper of this description in circulation in the country beyond the amount sanctioned for each bank under tbe provisions of the Act 7 and and 8 Victoria, c.

32, for regulating the issue of bank notes. As such a practice is clearly in direct contravention of the spirit, if not tbe actual words, of this act, I think it necessary to call your attention to its provisions. Distinct notice was given at the time when the act was passed, that if any attempt was made to evade its enactments, further legislation might be necessary for the purpose of checking it. I must, therefore, apprise you that unless the issues of the description to which I bave referred are discontinued, I shall feel it incumbent upon me to apply to Parliament for power to put an end to an abuse, which if persisted in, cannot but tend to produce the evils wh'ch the act of 7 and 8 Victoria, c. 32, was intended te prevent.

I bave reason, however, to believe that the evasion to which I allude has been carried on only by a few houses, and I am unwilling, therefore, to apply a remedy which, being necessarily general in its nature, may possibly press upon those persons who have abstained from pursuing this objectionable course. I am in hopes that on the attention of the whole body of bankers being called to the subject, the parties who have adopted this practice will discontinue it, or that the firms which have hitherto abstained from it will declare tbeir disapprobation of it, and their resolution to discountenance it by every means in their power, and that measures may be agreed upon amongst themselves which shall prevent the abuse for the future." Regimental Schoolmasters. The authorities at the Horse Guards have resolved to introduce into the Army thirty young men of good moral character, possesMng rather more than a plain education. This qualification is a sine iiid 7nn, and is to form the groundwork, so to speak, of improvement in the bigger branches mathematics, algebra, fortification, c. The individuals approved are immediately to be transferred to Chelsea, to have their military education completed.

During tho week, about 2I0 applications have been made at the Horse Guards, and the parties have been subjected to a severe examination under the auspices of the ln3pector-General. The pay is 17s. Gd a week, with lodging, coals, candles, together with an uniform, consisting of a blue frock, military cap, and gray trousers the parties chosen aro to rank with sergeant-majors, and, after ten years' service, may retire on a pension of 2s: per day. The parents of some of the applicants have moved iu the superior ranks of life. The regimental schoolmaster is to be a civil appointment he will travel with the regiment, or go into barracks with it, as occasion may demaud.

Observer. Military Colomzation of New Zealand. On Saturday, a circular was forwarded to several out-pensioners of Chelsea Hospital, stating that Government were ready to grant a free passage to New Zealand to such of the pensioners as choose to emigrate to thar colony, together with their wives and families, who are not more than 47 years of age an outfit to be provided, and on their arrival in the colony they will be given an acre of land, 2s. 6d. per day for seven years, during which period they will be military colonists at the expiration of that time they will receive a grant of ten acres, and be free colonists.

The wife and family, in the event of deoease, to have a free passage to England, should they wish to return. union of Ireland with England. The noble Lord then concluded a speech, which lasted for more than two hours and a half, amid loud and long cheers from all sides. Lord J. Russell, giving credit to the patriotism of Lord G.

Bentinck, and to his ability, both in framing and expounding bis plan, wished that it bad been such that he could have adopted it In point of fact, the matter, not the plan, had been for some. time past under the consideration of Government. Some ears ago Lord -Morpeth on behalf of the Government, bad brought forward a plan of Railways, which he (Lord J. Russell) thought, and still considered, likely to benefit Ireland. Lord Morpeth contemplated the construction of railways by Government, of which the returns were calculated to produce 4 per cent, interest on the money advanced, and which were to be applied, in case they produced more than 4 per to the reduction of fares and to the extension of branch railways.

It was thought that such a plan would bav. given the Government a control over the railroads very useful for the forwarding of the mails and other purposes, wonld have been much superior to that adopted in England, where the railroads had grown up almost free from Government control. But that was not Lord Bentinck's plan. Adverting to the details of that plan, he observed that he did not consider it advisable for Government to step out of its proper sphere to interfere with the general investment of capital, and to foster one set of companies at the expense of another. He then stated, tbat when the railway companies of Ireland waited on him with a proposition tbat Government should add 5.000,000.

in three years to the 10,000,000. which they would expend in the same time, he considered it principally in its bearing on tbe relief of the then existing distress. Of all want the most pressing was the want ot food in the remoter di tricts of Ireland. Now he found tbat the application of money to Irish railroads would not have benefited those district at all for in looking to thi countries through which the proposed railways were to pats, he found that they were the most flourishing in Ireland. He did not deny that the establishment of railroads in Ireland would be of great permanent benefit t-it but he did not think it wise to devote 16,000.000.

tf the promotion of railroads for if Government did so, it would check other expenditure much more necessary and immediate. He did not intend to oppose the motion for leave, but as in a future stage it would be necessary to go into committee to approve of a grant to carry it into effect, it would le incumbent on the Government to put a decided negative on it. Mr. B. Osborxe expressed his admiration of the bold, grand, and comprehensive plan of Lord G.

Bentinck. Mr. Roebuck was sorely vexed at the course adopted bv Lord J. Russell in giving his assent to the mtroductioi of this bi which he intended to destroy on a future occasion. He for one should oppose tbe introduction of the bill altogether, for he objected to the taxation of the industrious people of England for the investment of their capital in any speculation whatsoever.

English gold in Irish pockets Why that would be at once the commencement and end of the halcyon state of things which Lord G. Bentinck anticipated. Having animadverted with some severity on the extraordinary exhibition which Lord G. Bentinck had made of himself at the close of his SI eech, he gave notice that if the House should depart from the grand lule of allowing private enterprise to regulate private capital, he should demand, as soon as any sum was granted to the suffering poor of Ireland, a similar sum for the suffering poor of England for it was quite evident that we were fast coming to a general scramble for property. A very desultory debate then took place, in which Mr.

Hudson, Mr. S. O'Brien, the Marquis of Granby, Mr. W. Collect, Mr.

M. Gore, Mr. Grogan, Mr. Hamilton, Captain Harris, and Lord G. Manners, lauded the plan of Lord G.

Bentinck, and in which Mr. Warburton, the Chancellor of the Exchequer. Mr. Labouchere, and some other members, declared tbeir iutention of opposing it to the utmost. Leave was given to bring in tbe bill.

Friday, Feb. 5. Corn Bow RING put a question on the subject of the alleged detention of corn and maize by order of the Pope, at Ancona, which was one of the great receptacles of the corn of all nations and where very considerable purchases had been made for shipment to this country. Lord Palmerstos said the interdict arose, as he believed, not from the Governmental Rome.but from the local authorities at Ancona, and applied not to corn coming from other parts of the world and deposited at Ancona, but to corn the produce of the Roman States, purchased on English account, some of it already deposited in the free port of Ancona, and some on its way. The matter wai of very considerable interest and importance, and he could assure the hon.

Member that the Government would use their utmost endeavours to persuade the Roman Government to exempt from that order all corn purchased or intended for this country. Destitute Persons (Ireland) Bill. On motion for going into Committee, Mr. Htrrx recommended a large and systematic emigration as the only means of rescuing the people of Ireland from periodical returns of famine and pestilence. He considered it to be one of the wildest delusions possible to suppose tbat the Irish Iiroprietors could support the poor of Ireland even on the owest cereal food.

Sir G. Grey said that as Mr. Hutt admitted that his plan would not be effectual for the relief of the present distress, he implored the House to go at once into committee, without entering into the large and extensive question of foreign colonization. Mr. Stafford O'Brien called on the House to tremrthpn the hands of the eood landlord against the negligent and improvident landlord by contracting his responsibility as far as possible to his own property.

He saw in the bills before the House a very omiuous tendency to enlarge the area of the present territorial divisions for I poor-law rating, and to substitute union for electoral divisions. Now, this should not be done without his entering his solemn protest against it, and without his I giving it, as far as the forms of the House would allow, his most determined resistance, a more ueay uiu uu a more severe discouragement could not be inflicted upon the meritorious landlords of Ireland than the increase of the rating districts. Mr. Labouchere had had thistownland question pressed on him in Ireland, but the more he had considered it the more he was convinced that the Government ought not to give way upon it. Such a proposition could not be safely acceded to it was founded on a principle which did not apply to a free country it savoured of serfage and feudalism, and was not applicable to a country liko Ireland in the nineteenth century.

Besides, it would act unjustly in many cases, and would put an end to the concert and co-operation which were springing up in Ireland in consequence of its proprietors being forced as it were to meet in their electoral districts. Mr. Stafford O'Brien denied that he had made any proposition for reducing the districts from electoral districts to townland districts. All he wished to do was to reduce the size of the electoral districts. Lord Bernard said, that the rate books were struck on the present electoral districts, and if any alteration were made in those districts a new rate must be levied.

Now, it was a great object to bring these relief bills into operation, and therefore no alteration ought to be made at present in the mode of rating. The House then resolved itself into committee. Various amendments were proposed on the first eleven clauses of the bill, to some of which the Government assented, but which in general it resisted. No division took place on any of them and the discussion derived its chief interest from angry personalities. Privileges of the Hotse OF Commons.

It will be recollected that some time ago an action (arising out of the proceedings commenced by Stockdale, tne publisher, against Messrs. Hansard the parliamentary printers) was brought by Mr. Howard, the attorney of Mr. Stockdale, against the Sergeant-at-Arms for having, in obedience to the warrant of the Speaker, arrested Mr. Howard, and brought him to the bar for the purpose of being examined.

In that action the Serjeant pleaded a justification that he had acted under the authority of the House and, issues in law having been raised, the argument took place in tbe Court of Queen's Bench, and after considerable time taken by the Court to deliberate, a majority of the Court decided against the justification, on the ground that the Speaker's warrant, under which the plaintiff was apprehended, was not framed in conformity with those rules which have been established with reference to other of a similar nature. The effect of this decision being to render an officer of the House of Commons liable to pay a heavy penalty merely for acting in the performance of bis duties it was resolved bv a large majority of the House that an appeal should be made to tbe Court of I Error. A writ of error was accordingly nrougnt. in tne I course of last year tbe question was argued before the Court of Exchequer Chamber and on Tuesday last, that Court unanimously pronouncea a aecision, reversing tne judgment of the Court of Queen's Bench. Although, in obedience to the wishes of the House, the question as to its right to declare what were its privileges was argued before the Court of Error, yet the nature of the case was such that it was unnecessary for the Court to pronounce any decision upon tbat important subject.

Mr. Baron Parke accordingly, in delivering the judgment of the Exchequer Chamber, expressly guarded himself against such a presumption -w We deem it right (he said) to abstain from giv'ng an opinion on some of the questions, as to the privileges of the House of Commons, which were discussed, because our judgment in no way depends upon them. We do not, therefore, decide whether the House of Commons is the sole judge of its own privileges, not merely when it is adjudicating on an alleged violation, but in ail cases, so that, whatever it commands must be in conformity with them, and whether this order of the House of Commons, under all circumstances, is a writ precluding all inquiry into its legality by any ordinary Court because we find that the privileges involved in this case are not doubtful, and the warrant of the Speaker is of a nature which gives protection to the officer of the House of Commons upon the principle which, as it applies to the process and officers of every superior court, must surely be applicable to those of the high Court of Parliament, and all branches of it." The effect of the decision is. however, as Sir F. Thesiger stated in the House of Commons the same night, to place the House in a much more favourable position for the future in asserting and vindicating its privileges, without apprehension that there will be hereafter any assumed control or authority of the courts of law to interfere.

The Window Tax. A deputation waited on Lord J. Russell, on Friday, to draw his Lordship's attention to some of the serious evils resulting from the operation of the Window Tax. The deputation consisted of Lord Duncan, Sir B. Hall, Commodore Napier, Mr.

Masterman, Mr. Patteson, Mr. Roebuck, Mr. Hume, Sir De Lacy Evans, and Colonel T. Wood, all members of Parliament, representing distinct and important districts.

Lord Duncan expressed the views of tbe delegates upon the injustice, inequality, and injurious effects of the tax, and urged the necessity of its immediate repeal, from a conviction that, as a sanitary measure, no less than as a social one, its advantages would be universally felt and especially enjoyed by the lower classes of society. BURY CORN MARKET, WmvWDAI, Fed. X. Of Wheat there was a very large supply, but ae gao condition. Merchante and Millers very unwilling purchase and tbe business transacted was at decline ,4 from 3.

to 45. per quarter. Bahry about das saae pncai a9 last week, with a somewhat increasing -ltmimi far fomO. sorts. Oats about Is.

cheaper. Beans, Peasy aad By same as last week. Flour 3. per sack cheaper. Wheat, to rls.

Kye Ah. to Ditto, rat. to us. Barley, Malting 54. to b'Gv.

Ditto, Grinding 48. to 54. Malt to iW. nt 27. to 37.

lieana 311 Peaa, Grey Wk Ditto, White "ins. lifts. Flour, Ws. to i3. per tack.

Barley missn. Price of Malt at Bury. Wholesale, for Gash, perQnarter. Retail ditto 92. ditto.

Price of Flour Retail in Bury. At the Mills, Seconds 2s. and 2s. UU at th 3ar. Ax tne in 1MLrfa jg mm.

Price of the four-pound loaf at Bury. the Company's Shop, and somo of th prnunpas bakers, at the high priceakers, ty. to 9d. BURY AVERAGES, pex QUARTER, For the Week ending Febuary 1. d.

Qr- Qrs. 12.o: Wheat 597 Barley 532 Oats 75 6 -t 5r 10 132 Bean 33 9 .50 Pea BURV CATTLE MARJCET. There was but a very short supply of Stock 'if ail iuade, and verv little business Joue a tew Boasts fetched 141 week's prices. Higher prices were asked for the few Sheep that were on offer, but wry few found A pen of 19 excellent Fat Hogs, weighing from IS la 4. atone each, belonging to Mr.

Priur, West Facm. fotear.1 from Gs. 9d. to 7. per stone.

Store Pig in abuatlaueev and offered at from to 3s. per head lower, hut very raw were sold. Suckerel Calves scarce and dearer. Prices. Beef 7i 0d to It 9l Mutton.

fi )-i to frf Veal 7 btf to 8 0ii Fat Pork sa to 'M. na sassti Porkers 7j0s per stone (head and toot), of libav i gets from 25i to 31 1 and Suckerel Caivaa fraaa iOs to 3I per head. IPSWICH, Tuesday. February i Our Market to-dav was but thinly attended, and ae number of samples shown much under a generai and the Merchants and Millers using the same camion purchasing, as the Farmers did in shewing tneir rom. -m verv little Business was transacted.

The Wheas "nu was extremely Hat, and must be noted front Si.wi. par quarter lower than last week. Though but little mm done in the Barley line, yet what purchase were na. cannot be quoted lower than last Tuesday's Beans and Hog Peas were decidedly iower, jut joou boiling Peas fully supported previous prices. Wheat White, (N'ew) 7K to IS, line EUSfc r.

Red (New) 7" to 74 tin (Old) rt- to Barley oO.j'2, tojj fine 17 to "8 Beans Mazagan. 12 to 4.5 Tick, 43 to.rl Jrmail. 3 to Peas Grev and Hog, 4ti to 4: White -n to 11 lluav 56 to fine ib" to 68. Weekly Arerage. Per Quarter.

Per Quarter. Per 'inarter. Jth.Gd. .5.3. Beans 5bs.

4. Peas 3os. UW. NEWMARKET, Tuesday, Feb. Z.

The attendance has been small, with bat fair appi of Wheat, which conld only be disposed of at reductions, varying from 2s. to 3s. per" quarter. The tuppiy Spring Corn being sh-rt, last week' prices were appt.rteo, with a limited demand. The holders at Clover eni mtv asking higher prices, but tittle business, was passing it late rates.

Current Prices ef 'Jits lay. Per Quarter. Pr Qnarsr Wheat 70s. to 1 4a. -ats i.vs.

0 7h'. (fine) Barler 54j. to 58a Beans m. "(extra) 69a, Pea 34. DI its Rye Inspector's Return of last nSefc.

Quarters and Prices. Quarter and '-ico. Wheat .504 7-5. Wi Oato 38 A Barley 23t 37s. Beans 12 Peas Rye LYNX, Tuesday, February t.

We had a small supply of (irain at Market. Wheat rather bad condition was sold at a reduction s. i. Malting Barley was in demand and rather higher. No alteration in other articles.

Per Quarter. Per Quarter. Wheat 74s. to 76s. Barley J2i.

hi Ditto (red) 72s. 74a. Ditto i. Ditto (old) 66j. 68s.

Bear(nw) 3s. Peas 52s. 54s. Ditto 33. ia Corn Return, fhr Ui meek ending Jauttary 25.

Quantity. Per 4ft' BSC Quarters. Wheat 3198 Barley 1772.7 Oats 194 Beans 486.7 Peas 183.4 NEWMARKET COUKSlNli MEETiafc. Tuesday. Chippenham.

Field, The Derbu.yir. Fvson'3 Fireaway beat Mr. B. Smub'n Steamer. Mr.

Fvson's Farmer's Bov heat Mr. Dooeues Director. Mr. Buck worth's Buonaparte beat Mr. Dnome Doubtful.

Mr. King's Rh.ulamanthas beat Mr. i-ir-worth's Bachelor. Mr. Arabln's Agncoia beat Stradbroke's Mentor.

Mr. Vipaa's Vauant At. Gillett's Glentilt. Tlie Cup. Mr.

Vipan's Vampire beat Mr. Arahin Luck. Mr. Dobede's Dowager Queen beat Mr. ialau Goldfinder.

Mr. Dobede's Damask Hose beat Lord Miles. Mr. B. Smyth's Spinster heat Lord Strssi-brake's Mawworm.

Lord Stradbrnke' Meaiey 'at lr. Fyson's Fenella. Mr. Vipan's Victor beat Mr. Backsheath.

Mr. Fyson" Fancy Boy lr King's Risetta. Mr. Moody's Regina beat Mr. Ii Sherwood.

The Oaks. Mr. King's Silesia beat Mr. Oiamw Mr. Arabin's Ales beat Lord Stradbroke's Moss- Lto-w.

Mr. Moody's Revoke beat Mr. t-rillett' (4iri. lr. Dobede's Daisy beat Mr.

B. Srnjtii'-i Swreila. Mr. "mc worth's Bashful beat Mr. Squire's Odessa.

Mr. ipsat a Viola beat Mr. Fyson's Fatima. Th' Port Stakes Lord Stradbroke's Mac beat Mr. Dobede's Dunkirk.

Mr. Gillett's nd Fnxliunter rieai B.Smyth's Surry. Mr. King's Rhea beat Mr. Vsssssli Fairtnaid.

Mr. Dobede's Destiny beat Mr. Fyson'n Wasa. Mr. Brutus beat Lord Stradbroke's Lord Stradbroke's Mainmast beat Mr.

Varna. Wednesday. Exnimj Field. The Derby. Valiant beat Agncola.

Buonaparte eas Farmer's Boy. Rhadamanthns beat Fireaway. 7i o. Kegina beat Vampire. Victor beat Fancy Boy.

beat Damask Rose. Dowager Queen beat Spinster. Oaks. Daisy beat Bashful. Revoke beat Ales.

Sih-ta, beat Viola. Port Stakes. Mainmast beat tthea. Destiny beat Sbakspere. Brutus beat Mao.

Foxhunter ran .1 Ennng Stakes. Mr. Arabin nd Mentor beat Mr. DooeWa Dunkirk. Mr.

Fyson's Fatima beat Mr. Dobede Diasav Mr. Fyson's Fairmaid beat Mr. B. Smyth's Knight Marauati.

Mr. Moody's Rosetta beat Mr. Gillett's Glentilt. Thursday. Foar Mile Similes.

The Deri v. Valiant beat Buonaparte. Rhaiiamanthna ran a bye. The Cup Dowager Queen beat Victor b'at Regina. Oaks Silesia beat Sevoke.

I)aj ran a bye. Port Stakes. Brutus beat Foxhunter. Destiny beat Mainmast. Exniny Slakes.

Mentor beat Fairmaid. Rosetta beat Fatima. Battisiuati Stakes. Mawworm eat Dunkirk. Varna beat Luck.

Rutland Stakes. Backsaeesa beat Ajax. Doubtful beat Flash. Friday. The Derby.

Rhadamanthns beat Valiant, and non. Tte Cup. Victor beat Dowager Queen, and von. Oaks. Silesia against Daisy, undecided stakes riiruieu.

Port Stakes. Brutus beat Mainmast, and won. Exnina Stakes. Mentor beat Rosetta, aad won. Ifuttisham Stakes.

Varna beat Mawworm, and on. Rutland St ukes. Backsheesh beat Duuuuui, aad un. Died. On the '23th ult.

at Clervanlx Castle, near Darlington, in his 76th year, Sir William Chaytor. 'formerly ML P. for Sunderland. On the 24th in Jersey, in his 70th year, Lieutenant-General Edwanl 'xibos. K.C.B., having resigned his office of Lieutenant Governor, of Jersey only a fortnight before.

Last week, in Dunlin. Sir Valentine Blake, late M. P. for the Touaty i the n'rh at Well-street, Hackney, ce Rev. George Collie for 43 years resident tnxor ae Hackney Theological Seminary.

BANKRUPTS, Tl'ssbav, Fehr Bailey Thomas, Wolverhampton, printer Moss Leah, Liverpool-buildings, Biahopsgate, tobacconist Johnson Henry, Sheffield, merchant Kirkman John, Nottingham, wine-merchant Prior John, Saint Blazey, Cornwall, tailor Smith Edward, Dursley, Gloucestershire, apothecarv Smyrk Chas. Lavinia-grove, Wiiarfroad. uiider Skipworth Thomas, Belton, Lincolnshire, miller Fkiday, February Bradley Samuel, Mark-lane, curn-fictor Flam Joseph, Ellhani-place, Kent-road, rug-rnanufactuir Fabry John, Strathfieldsaye, Hampshire, grocer Fairhurst Thos. Brown, Liverpool, painter Fletcher Alex Shaitesbury-terraee, Pimlico. bookieilf-r Gandell and Bru titan, Birkenhead, carnmission-agents Messenger George, L'xbridge, draper Parker and Hallett, Bermuudsey, linen-drapers Ross John, Enderby, near Leicester, wol.tapier Titley John, High-street, South wark, wooden-draper Young Thomas, Canterbury, leather-seller SCPEBSEDKD.

Hardy J. and Wisbech St. Peter's. CmbndgT grocers DIVIDEND MEETINGS. Ransom Sto market, corn-merchant, F-i rury 2S York Cambridge, upholsterer, February '2t CERTIFICATES TO BE Unlesscause be sliuicn to the contrary on theday 0 imetnta.

Howard Hingham, Norfolk, wine-merchant, Printed and PuUiihed by and for JOHSSt.tS GEDGll. ofXo. 23, Hatter Street, Bury St. Edmund's, ax So, 2i iu tht same Street. Tuesday, February s.

3 10 in 1 13 6 1 14 2l 1 1 2 17 IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OP LORDS. Tcespat, Feb. 2. Improvement of Entailed Estates.

The Duke of Richmond moved the 44 re-appointment of the Select Committee of 1845, to inquire into the expediency of a legislative enactment to enable possessors of entailed estates to charge men estates, for the purpose of draining and otherwise permanently improving the same." His object was to enable the possessors of landed property so to improve tbeir property that the law of entail might be attended with no inconvenience to the people at large. The motion was agreed to, and a Committee appointed. Lord Brougham hoped that his noble friend would press the Report of this Committee as much as possible, for at this moment it wonld probably throw great light upon the Irish question. Distilling from Sugar. Lord Staslet presented two petitions from farmers and others of Linlithgow and Dalkeith, complaining that tbeir interests would be materially affected by the measure for permitting sugar to be used in distilleries.

He hoped no measure would b-passed as a permanent measure on this subject without an opportunity being afforded to all parties of having their cases fully stated and fully considered. Either foreign sugar could not enter into competition with malt now, or, if it could, at the expiration of foor or fire years, the reduction of duty by 7s. per cwt. would enable it to super tede the use of malt in breweries and distilleries. Friday, Feb.

5. Irish Railways. Lord Brougham moved for an account of the premium on Exchequer bills on each day from the 1st to the of February for an account of the dividend actually paid on all railway stock in the United Kingdom during the two last years; and for an account of tbe names of all persons holding stock in Irish railways on the 1st of February, 1847. He moved for these returns becaus he saw that a measure had been introduced into the lowet House, which was advocated on the ground that it wouhi enahle Irish shareholders to tnrn their shares into money, which might bo applied to improvement of that country. Lord Stanley was convinced the noble Lod could not have read that scheme.

The only thing intended by it was to facilitate employment in Ireland by the instrumentality of English credit, and without the loss of a singli shilling. Earl Fitzwilliam wished that the scheme in question had been propounded by the Government, and trusted that no improper interference of tbe Royal prerogatin-would impede its progress. He was resolved when Uk subject came before tbe house to give it his most strenuous support. The returns were ordered. Education Tho Marquis of Lansdowke laid on tbe table the minutes relative to education lately adopted by the Committee of the Privy Council, and on so doing thought it his duty to put the house in possession of the views of the Government on that important subject Having gone through the various reasons, chiefly arising from the jealousy of tbe various classes of society who advocated one or other educational system, Licit rendered it impossible for the Government to come forward with a scheme of general education, but merely with an extension of the existing system and having stated to the House what the operation of that system had been the noble Marquis detailed the various points to which tbe proposed extension would apply.

In the first place, additional inspectors were to be appointed, so that, if possible, each school should be inspected once a year. Secondly, it was proposed that apprentices should he taken from the best scholars, who should be instructed with a view to their ultimate appointment as schoolmasters, hut who, if not eligible for such posts, might receive employment in the great revenue departments. Thirdly, retiring pensions and gratuities were to be allowed to school masters and mistresses, a most meritorious class, at present very poorly rewarded. Foartbly, the schools were to be provided with a species of industrial apparatus by means of which the scholars might be instructed in various trades and occupations, an arrangement which would not interfere with the education, strictly so called, of the children, and would be an inducement to parents to send their children to school. Means were also to be token to put the workhouse schools on a better footing, and to carry out the plan sanctioned by Parliament last session.

After entering at some length into these several heads of extension, the noble Marquis sat down, expressing the most favourable anticipations as to the success of the scheme, imperfect as it was. Lord Brougham agreed with the noble Marquis when he said that the details they had just heard were no plan. The Government had no plan, and it was a great grievance that, after 45 years' discussion, we were just as far from a ncrfect svstem of education as ever. This state of things was the fault of no one in particular, but of the state of society in England. be it from Inm to say tnat education be compulsory, as in Prussia.

No Englishman would endure such a system but much might be done by Government interference in aid of local establishments. It was lamentable to see that so little importance was attached to the subject of universal education, for it was of more avail for the prevention ot crime than all capital punishments and penitentiaries put together. That was his entire and absolute opinion. But why was no -uch general system possible Because society was divided into two irreat classes Churchmen and Dissenters who loved education much, but controversy mure, and lost sight of the groat object of education in furthering the victory of their particular opinions. lie was wen pieaseu who iuc details of the DroDosed extension, and particularly with the plan of pensioning those found ineligible at the training schools, by making them gangers though he was afraid the best scholars would rather be gangers than schoolmasters.

The noble Lord then sat down expressing his regret at the abandonment of the plan of general education which he had hoped to have heard proposed by the noble Marquis. The Bishop of London' expressed his approbation of the exceedingly wise course pursued by the Government in the matter, as their plan could be carried ont without any unnecessary interference with the present system of education. The Archbishop of Canterbury begged to offer his thanks to the noble Marquis for the great attention he had Daid to the subiect. and the evident care with which the materials on which the propositions had been founded, had been prepared by Her Majesty Utovernment. HOUSE OF COMMONS.

Monday, February 1. Lafiouring Poor (Ireland) Rill. Lord JOHN RfJSSELL having moved the second reading of this bill, Mr. B. Osborne observed that Lord John Russell did not propose to do anything more than had been previously proposed by former Governments he proposed several bit-bv-bit measures to meet the emergency of the moment, but nothing for the improvement of the social condition of tbe poor of Ireland, it tue tanners were to nave nouung more to depend upon than the grant of for seed, they would depend on a mere fallacy for that sum ould not buy more grain than would sow 25,000 acres, and the great bulk of the farms of Ireland would remain in the same condition as at present.

He called on the House to pause before it voted one million of money on so Utopian a project as the reclamation of waste lands. Though he did not ohiect to the principle, he condemned the plan as one of the greatest bubbles ever proposed to the House of Commons. The injury occasioned by small holdings was at the root of all the evils of Ireland and yet the noble Lord proposed to increase the number of those small holdings almost indefinitely. To give out-door relief to the able-bodied in Ireland would be a confiscation commencing with a revolution, and would destroy the last spark of self-reliance now existing in the bosom of the Irish peasant. The number of paupers in Ireland were 2,500.030.

The price of supporting an Irish pauper in the orkhouse was Is. 9d. a week. At that rate tbe cost of the New Poor Law would be 11,000.000. a year.

Such a charge would swallow np the whole rental of Ireland and the support of the poor would be thrown on the people of England. Though he should prefer tho transfer of tbe English Poor Law to Ireland, yet even that system was not sufficient to meet the emergency of a general famine. Mr. Smith O'Brien, observed, that Mr. Labouchere had underrated the extent of the calamity.

Instead of amounting to not more than 16,000,000., the loss of the potato crop and of the harvest bad entailed upon Ireland a loss of between 20.000,000 and 30,000.000. He did not feel the alarm of some gentlemen at extending out-door relief to the able bodied but no Poor Law could meet an evil of such extent as the present. Mr. B. Osborne had made a most unfair attack on the scheme for tbe reclamation of waste lands.

He thanked tbe Government for their measure for the extension and promotion of Irish fisheries but he regretted that they had omitted to secure to the tenant some compensation for tbe capital invested in hi3 farm and a scheme for stimulating tho employment of English capital in the railroads of Ireland. Such advances might be made without risking the loss of a guinea, and with great ad vantageto the working population of Ireland. He was in favour of an absentee tax, being convinced that without it the noble Lord would not be able to accomplish that state of social felicity which he professed himself anxious to establish. Mr. Rokbvck was not deficient in sympathy for tbe people of Ireland, but could not assent to the present plan for their relief, believing that it would aggravate the evil which it pretended to cure.

Why did he say th Because the real landlords of Ireland were the mortgagee and the tax gatherer. The nominal landlords had been the cause of all the misery. They bad no thrift, prudence, or economy they were always in debt and their wants were in consequence supplied by the subdivision of their lands, for which they encouraged the strongest competition. The result was, that rents were much higher than in England and none of that return ever went back to the cultivators of the soil as it did on every estate in England. Small holdings were its curse, and it should be compulsory on the landlords to prevent that subdivision of land in future.

If that could not be done, all their labour would be superfluous. He protested against any scheme for relieving the landlords, at the public expense, from their own extravagance and that of their progenitors. He protested against any scheme for providing food and employment at the public expense for the labourers of Ireland against any scheme for expending the hard-earned capital of England on the reclamation of waste lands and above all, against the noble lord's plan of Irish Poor Laws. That plan gave no right of relief to the poor, contained no law of settlement, and did not attix on the laud, as a good poor law ought to do, tbe duty of protecting life and property. He would introduce into Ireland tbe English Poor Law, with all its machinery, and along with that law he would introduce a better law of real property, a better system of tenures, and better relations between landlord and tenant.

If they were to do away with the law of mortmain, and to allow each priest to hold land to the amount of 300 a year, not many years would elapse before each priest would have that income, and would thus be bound by recognizances to that amount to keep the peace. Lord Bernard thought the Government measures were not equal to the emergency. He condemned in strong terms the conduct of tbe corn merchants in Cork and otner places in withholding, for the sake ot nigh prices, WfS WfcW tbtt tea SSI i aw atn4 fair irauriM, vov CULTURE OP THE POTATO. We J5 entire of an able Leading Article in the Dutlg upon Government the tmpSfcl Ireland for tho purchase of Seed ats- SDectacie 0f tire successive fa urcs of the 1 otalO the there is not yet arrested in its prress. WgP5JE other hard, offers a more cheering of a great mitigation, if not total extinction, of the malady.

But menTf science versed in cultivate, look with the progress of the disease in this country 1 JgfJS neither ciimaionai nor Vuj the expulsion of the enemy trom our naiirc. contrary, recognise uch duraoimy iu mo presented by tne Its recurrence in tne crop oi next vearis, theretore, possiuie ui -and would pauperise a large portion of this country as well as of Ireland." In In reality, in our ignorance of the cause of thtt tcrnoie visitation, we can look with well-founded confidence to nothing except the experience of other countries, ana that experience does indeed teach us that the disease is of no ephemeral duration, but one the termination of whose ravages time alone can reveal. This year, 1847, is but the third in which Europe has known it twice only has it run its annual course, and therefore we are justified in fearing that even three times more, at the least, has it to be borne. And this is an expectation which the advance of evidence does but strengthen. Just as the forced Potatoes of 184b enabled us to raise the cry of danger, in ample time to have enabled Ireland to have been better cropped bad the value of that note of alarm been appreciated, so does the gathering evidence of 1847 teach us to renew our warning.

Sussex, Devon, Cork, Waterford, Wexford, and Dublin have already furnished their quota of unmistakeabio disease and we know but too well that if it seizes upon the crops in forcing houses it will not spare those in the fieWe once again, then, say, let no man venture to plant Potatoes, except experimentally. The risk is too great for the perilous position of these kingdoms. fee severely enough the consequence of two lost crops, and where shall we be if a third should fail us here indeed Let us, therefore, enter our appeal against the attempt in Ireland to renew tho Potato cultivation. Sow Rye Buckwheat, Oats, Beet, Barley, Turnips-anything that t-an be certainly harvested and if there is no effacing ihe fond remembrance of that nurse whose fertile boson, has alone sustained Irish life for so many years, at least defer the recollection of her dangerous charms for one blAf farbetter and more palatable food is to, be found in other crops. We have repeatedly pointed this out, emecially in the Gardener's ChronxU of March 14, two and in coroboration of it we borrow from the excellent article to which we first alluded, the following new calculation of the relative value of certain kinds of food Number of Ins.

of Vverage produce per true nutrtment acre of tuber sand contained in the gram. produce of an acre. Crops. Beet, Mango! Wurzcl, and Turnips lleans Potatoes Teas 10 tons 10 or 1US0 lbs 8 tons JO or 1100 lbs 16 or 1872 lbs. 10 tons Jj or 1500 lbs bush or 1200 Jbs G72 lbs.

584 lbs. 338 lbs, .1 IS lbs. 2 3 lbs. SH lbs. ISO lbs.

152 lbs. Uarley Jerusalem Wheat Oats Artichokes nr. i- reliance UDon the statement in this table which is reported to have been obtained from one of ou; most eminent chemists-and what does it say It tells U3 tbat a acre of Beet will yield as much true food as five acres of Oats, or three ana a umj of neat. observe the immense importance of this. It has been shown in our last and previous journals, that Sugar Beet makes excellent bread it has been shown to be nearly as good, that is to say, as nutritive as wheaten bread ami therefore it is clear that a man who has an acre of that kind of root is in the position of the man who has acres of Wheat ready for the sickle.

If an aere of wheat will produce 1000 loaves, an acre of Sugar Beet will produce 3.500 What fact can possibly be of more importance than this It is true that there is no procuring seed enough to crop a million and half of acres (the extent of land now-estimated to have been under Potatoes in Ireland) with Sugar Beet. But that is no reason for not cropping as much of it as seed can be procured for surely the remainder can be occupied by other crops according to their value. Agricultural Experiment. As the timo is approaching for preparing the land for the Root Crop of the present year, we think it proper to lay before our agri-culturaf readers the results of an interesting experiment in husbandry. The farm referred to is in South Lancashire, where potatoes are generally grown to a great extent, the soil is peat earth, and the field in which the experiment was made measure? statute acres, 1 roon, anu 00 yarua.

This field last year was -set with potatoes and turnip seed in alternate drills, at the usual time, at a distance of thirty inches between each drill, first a drill of potato sets called Cups, and then a drill of Swedish turnip seed, so that the potato tops in one drill might not, in any part of their growth, come in contact with those of the next drill of the same root. The potatoes and the turnips thus grew together till about the middle of October, when the potatoes, which had been partially attacked by tbe prevailing disease, were dug up, and produced fill.j loads of large and 10 loads of small potatoes, which were sent to the Manchester market where the former sold at 1 2s. a load of 3 bushels but the turnips remained in the ground and vigorously he middle of December, each drill bavins then twice tho accustomed room for nourishment and growth. Early in the last month (January), the turnips were gathered and produced a crop of 24 tons 3 cwt. of excellent and perfectly sound turnips, which were sold to the neighbouring farmers at 27s.

a ton on the farm. The money yielded by the produce was as follows fc8A loads of" large potatoes at ill. 10 loads of small ditto at Zl. 5 loads decayed (unproductive) 24 tons 3 cwt. of turnips at 27s.

a ton, 321. total 7b7. making a total money produce of 25. Gs. 8.

per statute acre. Supposing the whole of the field to have been set with potatoes in a year of average produce and average prices, it would have yielded CO loads per acre, or 200 loads in the whole, which being sold at the average price of per load, would have produced in money being 26Z. 14s. less than the same land yielded in the year of the potatoe failure. Here, then, we have to a certain degree a practical security against some of the evils with which the country is now menaced in England, in Scotland, and in Ireland and so confident are we of success, from a repetition of the experiment, that instead of three acres of roots set in alternate drills last year, we have this year given orders to increase the quantity to 20 acres upon precisely the same system.

It may be proper to add that the manure used in the cultivation of this field was six cwt. ot guano per acre, sown in drill, of the value of 6s. per cwt. Leeds Slercury. Re-appkau'ance of the Potato Disease.

At the meeting of the Botanical Society of Loudon, on Friday evenintr. Mr. James Barnes, of Sidmouth, exhibited numerous specimens of diseased potatoes of this year's early crop. flir. i.

coma jina no potato jrcts jruiu iuc disease, and was afraid it would be more serious than last vear. Apparent Renovation of the Potato. Mr. Wilson, of Coolmoney, county of Wicklow, had the remainder of his potatoes dug up last week, aud was agreeably surprised: to find them of excellent quality, although the portion dug out in September previous were very bad. Globe Chalk as Fuel.

Mr. J. Murray, the chemist, depre cates tbe use of chalk with coals for fuel as highly dangerous, and likely, if adopted, to occasion many deaths, by evolving large quantities ot carbonic acid gas. Value of the Refuse of Towns." Taking a general view of the subject, we may assume a clear revenue from the bewer ater of all towns of u. for each inhabitant, either in a direct money return, or partly to the inhabit ants in a reduced price, from the increased abundance of produce, hvtdence of smith, of Deanston, before Health of Towns1 Commission.

An Inconsistency. The horror which is especially evinced in the minds of us all by the death of one man by railway accident, more than by any other means, I have often thought must result from the idea that at any time it may be our own case yet here are thousands upon thousands annually destroyed around us by means as fatal, but, with common care, more easily prevented, which at any moment may seize upon the strongest of us and this, until lately, with scarcely a word or a thought upon the subject. Happily, however, we are now on the eve of a great and glorious and irresistible change." Report on Sanatory Condition of Worcester. Importance of Health to the Labouring Classes. Of all the members of society, the labouring man is the most dependent.

Health is his only wealth, bis capital, his stock in trade. When disease attacks him, the very source of bis subsistence is dried up. He must earn his daily bread by daily toil and, unlike many who occupy a higher position in society, he cannot do his work by deputy, nor postpone the doing of it till his health is reestablished. Day by day the expense of sickness is added to tbe loss of income and too often he recovers only to find his place occupied by another, and the first hours of convalescence spent in an anxious, and too often, a fruitless, search of employment." Dr. Guy's Lecture un the Unhadthiness of Towns.

A New Mode: ok Preserving Animal Substances. The Abbe Baldaumik, preparator at the Museum of Natural History at Vienna, has succeeded in rendering animal substances as hard as stone. To effect this he immerses them in water holding in solution bichloride of mercury and hydrochlorate of ammonia. Substances that have remained in this liquid for some time acquire the hardness of stone. They may be polished, will resist the hammer, have an angular fracture, and give out a dull metallic sound when struck.

They preserve their natural colour, and require no more care after they are taken out of the solution. I lu 1. a The prevalence of Influenza at this season of the year is the subject or general remark. IT the lirst symptoms are neglected, distressing cough and disease of the lungs usually ensue. It is of the utmost consequence, therefore, tlint an efficient remedy should be at once resorted to.

Certainly if high and extensive patronage are to be considered proofs of merit, we can have no hesitation in recommending to the notice of all who may besuirering from this insidious complaint. Ford's Pectoral Balsam of Horehound, a medicine so universally esteemed, as to render it unnecessary for us to do more than direct public attention to an article so well known for its extraordinary restorative qualities. See Adv. Extraordinary Cures of Dropsy by IToll'iu-ays Pill. Emma Williams, a servant living wish Mrs.

Smithies, Oidham-road, Manchester, had lately become of such a size from Dropsy as to appear (to use her own expression) as big as a butt; every usuay treatment was tried, hut without effect. In this sad state she had recourse to Holloway's Pills, and by them Ihe Water was entirely removed from her system, and an effectual cure perfected in about six weeks. These Pills were lately tried upon two dropsical Patients, discharged as incurable from one of the largest Hospitals in Loudon, and they also were both shortly cured by this famous Medicine. ExtacU of a Letter from the Archdeacon of Ross, dated Aghadown Glebe, Skibbereen, Jan. -1 "Dtease and death still prevail amongst our people to an awful and alarming extent; but I am happy to say that death by actual starvation is not so common.

a oublic works, bv giving increased employment and reiiet, have checke 1 to a certain extent tuts areaa. ae cuecKe i to a certain tanr Votwithindinir. bowel complaints, swellings of the body, and fever, are hurrying into eternity These diseases, generated by want of food and exposure cold, stuck the feeble and emaciated frames of our fellow-creatures, who tall easy victims to the hand of death. Vou will at once perceive that these calamities are the natural results of our present unfortunate when I inform you that the rate of daily wages is only Rd. and supposing a very usual case of a labourer with 5 or 7 in family looking to him alone for support, employed on the public works, and earning 4.

per week, who with this small sum is expected to be able to purchase food of Indiai meal omitting other things) which at this moment in Skibbereen rates in price from "2s. 9d. to 3s. per stone The public works (except by increase of wages, which would be verv injurious) cannot meet the difficulty of the high prices of provisions, or correct the evil nothing will do it but the gratuitous administration of relief in food, clothes, Stfc, if our poor and tcrelt'hcd people are to At a late hour last night evening, I was obliged to dismiss from my door to their cheerless homes sixty persons, cold, naked, and clamorous for food for themselves and their wretched children The soup-kitchens in this parish cannot prepare more than 1440 pints daily a quantity quite insufficient for the demand and yet, were our expenditure increased, the amount of subscriptions received would not last many iceeks, with nos of famine before us I would therefore cast myself on the often-tried well-known generosity of the British public, a suppliant of the diseased and dying people of this district, who are thus severely smitten. I would entreat of them to come and help us, by sending money, food, and clothing to these poor and miserable creatures, whose honesty, patience, and endurance continue uninterrupted and undiminished, notwithstanding all the wauts and privations which they continue to "Alexander Stuart, Archdeacon of Ross.

The following extract of a letter received by one of the English Friends who have attempted to gauge the extent of destitution in the sister country, is dated the -5th of January In the parish of Ballynakell, in the extreme N. W. of the county of Galway (says the writer) and the curate of the parish entered a cabin to-day on their return from Innisbofin, where they were informed a little girl was the sole inhabitant, and that she was in fever, without any individual even to give her a drink of water. She had been thus left for more than twenty-four hours. They found her on the floor, uncovered, and apparently dying of starvation, as she did not appear to have any fever, but such was the horror of the weakened and wretched neighbours, it was with the greatest difficulty a single-individual could be found to undertake the charge of her and such assistance was only procured from another girl scarcely better off, by a succession of threats and promises of reward.

In accounting for the circumstances in which this girl was found, it is necessary to say, tbat the father, finding himself unable by his exertions, to prevent his family starving, had run away, and there were no tidings of him his wife had been trying to suckle a child some years old, and was, or was supposed to be, in a fever, while the unfortunate sufferer (the girl), had thought her mother slept long, but found that she, as well as her child, was dead. On examination, it appeared that tbe little child, emaciated as it was by starvation, had yet torn its mother's breast for food before it died 1" The starved rW are being killed like vermin in several parts of this county, as these animals have attacked the bark of trees, bereft of their usual sustenance. Limerick Chronicle. The Treasury minute has been received authorising the Waterford and Limerick Railway Company to construct 50 miles of earthworks. This will afford immediate employment to many thousands of the labouring classes.

A curious fact is presented in a letter from a correspondent at New York, showing that it is not to England alone that the Irish proprietors are largely indebted for the support of their poor It has generally been understood that the Irish emigrants to the United States have always remitted very fully of their bard earnings to their relatives at home, but most persons will be surprised to hear the extent of this liberality. A few days since," says our correspondent, I called upon tbe different bouses in New York who are in the daily practice of giving small draughts on Ireland, from five dollars upwards, and requested from them an accurate statement of the amount they had thus remitted for Irish labourers, male and female, within the last 60 days, and also for the entire year 1846. Here is the result 'Total amount received in New York from Irish labourers, male and female, during the months of November and Decern ber, 1846, 175,000 dollars, or 35,000. sterling ditto, for the year 1846, 808,000 dollars, or 161,000. sterling.

These remittances are understood to average 3. to 4. each draught, and they are sent to all parts of Ireland, and by every packet. 44 From year to year," our correspondent adds, they go on increasing with the increase of emigration, and they prove most conclusively thai when Irishmen are afforded the opportunity of making and savin? monev.thev are industrious aud thrifty. I can affirm on my own responsibility that the amount stated is not exaggerated, and also tbat from Boston, Philadelphia.

Baltimore, and New Orleans, similar remittances are made, though not to the same amount. tmes. DESTITUTION IN SCOTLAND. A letter from Edinburgh, of Jau. 30, states tho north of rWttand to be nearlv in a state of insurrection.

At Burghend, two vessels laden with meal for export wer denrived of their cargoes. At Lossiemouth and Findhorn several carts laden with oats were seized, and the captured victuals lodged in storehouses. The other places in tht neivlihonrhood heine in a similar slate of excitement, 40 soldiers from Fort George have been stationed at Elgin and a company from Aherdeen has been sent to Port Gordon, into which the inhabitants of Keith, an inland town, are said to be pouring in large numbers. Passing over intermediate districts, the food-riot has also reached the South. In Stranraer, disturbance was raised becausi two meal dealers would not sell their meal at 2s.

fid. pei stone. Carrots and loaves were also stolen, but tin promptitude of the authorities prevented the riots fron: reaching any great height. The Edinburgh Destitutiur. Fund amounted that-day to 24,099.

6s. 2d. Applications appeared in the Edinburgh Gazette Friday, from a large body of land-proprietors, for loans under the Drainage Act: the aggregate amount exceedeo 170,000. STOCK OF GRAIN. The Glasgow National Advertiser says that the quantity of grain held by tbe farmers in Scotland is greater at to present time than the average usually held at this perioi in former vears.

Letters from Northumberland, Durham, and parts o) Westmorland and Cumberland, advise that never were corn stacks so abundant, and that even stacks of old con (1845) were yet on hand, waiting the highest prices to obtained. The Bankers' Circular says When the writer was ii Wiltshire last week, he found a little inland retail dealci who held 4000 sacks of wheat, for whom, in ordinar times, 400 sacks would have been a large stock. There are hundreds, probably thousands, of similar cases to be found on the surface of these islands. We doubt whether this new class of small dealers do not, at this instant, hold as large a stock of grain as was customarily held in the month of January by all the old regular corn merchants of the country. We found also that heads of families had recommended their gardeners and outdoor servants to lay in stocks of flour for fear of the coming famine and some had laid in a sit months' stock.

There never was so profitable a mania for those who can realize in time. except the railway bubble which burst in October, 1845." Another correspondent of the same periodical, speaking of the stocks iu Lincolnshire, says 44 Wheat, a fair average crop (excluding the extraordinary crop of 1844) of superior quality and weight per bushel some as higl as 641 bs. A good many small occupiers have thrashed forward the majority of large farmers but little at ore sent." The City Correspondent of the Mari-lane Express. sneaking of the expected supplies from America, says 44 In a conversation with Captain Chadwick, of the new first-class shin, the Sir Robert Peel (which has just reached the London Docks) we were assured that the utmost efforts are making to forward flour to this country In fact, so large are the quantities in store in the interior of the States, that we hesitate to give an estimate oi tne supplies tbat may rapidly come forward oy each snip entered in American ports tor those ot cngianu. Irish Exports.

The following quantities of grain were exported from Ireland to this country during the past year: wheat, 186,730 quarters barley, 92,854 quarters oats, 958,851 quarters wheat flour, 723,562 cwt. oatmeal, 553,147 cwt. The number of oxen, bulls, and cows imported were 186, 483 of calves, 6363 of sheep and lambs, 259,257 and of swine, 480,827. Destitution in St. Luke's, Chelsea.

This parish contains about 45,000 inhabitants, of whom 1 in every 14 is now actually receiving parochial relief. For the past week the recipients of outdoor relief Were 9694 (being an increase in this class since last week of The total amount to 3217, of whom about one-third are Irish. The number of paupers at the corresponding period last year was but 11134, showing the enormous increase of 1383. i' of the Troops in the West appears that the annual mortality among 10(H) young mon, under 30 years of age, in civil life, in Great Britain, is fifteen. The deaths among 1000 British soldiers, stationed in the Windward and Leeward Islands, are eiuldu-five annually (See the publication of Inspector Marshall, Colonel Tulloch, and Surgeon Balfour) and in the Jamaiea Garrisons, one hundred and forty-three deaths per 1000 annually.

Among 1000 slaves, in Cuba, the deaths in a year are one hundred. The British soldiers that have perished by sickness in the Windward and Leeward Cornmaud viz. Barbadoes, Trinidad, Sec -since 1817, appear to be upwards of 10,381 and in Jamaica, during the same period, 11,040 total, 21,421 soldiers who have died in the West Indies, since 1817 mostly natives of Britain, and under 30 years of age Tbe deaths among the troops in Bermuda are not included in the above. Seizcre of Arms. A new vessel, called the Black Cat, Captain Davis, was seized in the Thames on Monday, and found to contain three thousand stand of arms.

The Black Cat was entered as about to proceed to Gibraltar, but no doubt seemed to be entertained that she would land on the coast of Portugal she was to have sailed down the river on Tuesday morning, and at Erith to have received 4000 barrels of gunpowder. Tbe Black Cat carries six heavy carronades for protection, and is considered one of the fastest sailers that ever entered the port of London. fill their bellies with good beef and mutton, and their cottages with fine wheat and sound beer, and their pockets with English gold, to purchase the blankets of Wiltshire, the fustians of Manchester, and the cotton prints of Stockport, he, though a Saxon, would answer with his head for their loyalty, and would lead them, through their warm heart and sympathies, met to sever but to cement the.