The Preston Chronicle and Lancashire Advertiser from Preston, Lancashire, England • 6

THE PRESTON CHRONICLE AND LANCASHIRE ADVERTISER, JANUARY 19, 1861. AGRICULTURE GARDENING CORRESPONDENCE. -SnDnEN-BsATB AOaBdnOTfla hrt. about half-past seven o'clock, Ellen cSneitolf Mfera-road, Wasfoand deadm bed. The Je-aaed waaieardio cry ELECTION POLL BOOKS, TO THE EDITOR 05f THE PRESTON CHRONICLE.

gn You allude in your last week's "Notices to Correspondents" to there being no poll books of our past elections preserved at Drl Shepherd's Library. I am surprised that such should be the particularly concerned that there should be such apathy among aldermen concerning this trust. I have a few poll books by me which I would gladly present to Dr. Shepherd's Library as well as two or three squib books of past elections, if I thought they would he taken charge of. Other persons in the town have copies, and I dare say if a little exertion were a complete series could soon be obtained.

Some years since it was suggested your columns that a copy of every local publication should be secured for the library and that the registers of borough voters should be filed there, but there is not a single copy thereasyet. Reference Ubrariesmothertownsarefarbettor cared for. If any one of the twelve aldermen would devote half an hour a week to the library he might soon effect a vast change in the establishment, for the better. Yours obediently, Jan. 1861.

A PRESTONIAN. CHORLEY. -T-ftTr nTlnkNEb to On a child, four months old, named BUen Derbyjhiw, its parents in Chor fey, bowed to death in theaDsenee of Its ino inquest was held at the Swan inn, Chbrley; on Tuesday, oefore Mr. M. Myres.

JT returned a verdict of Accidental deatb. rt Vephoatioh fob a was beard. "Michael Waddington, who was WEf.8! i and orinter. at Cborlev, wasmarriea to Alice Wadainnton, the respondent, at Leyland, In May, I8W, andtfieyhaTtwo children. Mrs.

Waddington became addicts to drinkW, and towards tbe endof 18B5 he was obliged tosep ratsfrbmber, and make her a weekly allowance. October, 1867, she went to live with James Berry, who Is employed as an engineer on the Lancashire and Yorkshire Bailway, as his wife. hio7T sessions, on Tuesday last, YWnrfi Mkts Crosso. B. T.

Parker, Silvester, J. mXiblnt i. and.J. BIgby) JobnThompson, and George Fowler, were hargeo Hartle with shootings bare, and the other defendants with aiJJ abetting in the comnisslon of the W. V.

rt3, of ManchastBr anoeared on behalf of tbe defendants. George Dickenson. Witness went away and left the hare sitting Witness returned to tbe ground again a little after ten clock, and. bid himself behind a fence. Witness "dervtbn old minutes, when he saw tbe three defendants taupaJioW lane.

Tbey were together, and tracking tbe hare 'n 'be isnow. The defendants got to Dickenson's fold gate leading into tne field where thehare was s.ttlng. WbUe tbey were stendtag looking at tha hare, a gentleman passed on horsebacK. Tne ae-fendant Fowler came towards witness, and Thompson stood at the fold gate. Hartley pulled a gun out of bis pocket, and put tt together: He then walked through the stile to within sixteen yards of the hare.

He put the gun to bis shouiaer, ana enoc the bare. He then ran and picked the hare up. Thompson was standing in the lane near to tbe fold gate, and Fowler was watching in the lane. After Hartley picked the hare op, he went to xnompson ana gave urni ino utu jimm woj his gun to pieces, and put it into his pocket. Witness got over the fence into the lans near to where Fowler was standing, and when he saw witness he motioned to Hartley to run.

Hartley then took the hare from Thompson's hands and ran away. Thompson and Fowler ran towards Adlington village. Witness ran after Hartley down the lane, and called out to him, "Jim, thou need hot run with that hare, as I have been watching thee sometime." Cross-examined by Mr. RobertB Witness said he bad been a gamekeeper twelve or fourteen years, and be admitted tbat four years ago be was sent to Preston House of Correction, for three months, for poaching. Witness said he was certain tha three defendants were the three men, and be was positive Fowler was there Mr.

Roberts, in a powerful speech, addressed the Bench for some time, contending that it would not be safe to convict tbe defendants on tho unsupported evidence of tbe gamekeeper, who bad admitted tbat four years agohe was convicted of poaching, and that with respect to Fowler, whom the gamekeeper had positively sworn to, be should prove, by respectable witnesses, that he was not there when the offence was committed. James Grime said tbat ha was a blacksmith, and lived on Adlingion Common, that on Sunday morning, the 6th of January last, about half-past ten o'clock, ho was. going up the lane to Mr. Farnworth's house, and he saw three men in the lane. James Hartley, the elder, James Hartley, tbe defendant, and Thompson, were tbe three men, Tbe defendant Fowler was not tbero.

Peter Hitchen, Henry Hitchen, and Joseph Marsden, all proved that George Fowler was on the canal bank watching tbe skaters at the time sworn to by the gamekeeper. The Bench convicted tbe defendant Hartley in tbe sum of 5, and Thompson 2 10s. and costs, and acquitted Fowler. Threatening a Wipe. At the Chorley petty sessions on Tuesday, William Preston, of Wigan, was charged with using threatening language towards his wife, Margaret Preston, who resides with her father in Wrightington Mr.

Ackerley, of Wigan, appeared for tbo complainant, and Mr. Wilson for the defendant. From tbe evidence of the complainant, it appeared that on tbe 2nd January, the defendant went to her father's house, with a gun, and threaten to shoot her, and she was afraid that he would do her some bodily injury. Ordered to find sureties, blmself in 100, and two in 50, to keep the peace for twelve months. ACCmGTOK DisTRiBUTisa Blmikets to the Pook During the inclemency of the present season the churchwardens of St.

James's Church, Accrington, have, through tho instrumentality of tbe Eev. aud Garbett, distributed amongst the poor of Accrington sheets and blankets to the value of J620. Actions speak louder than words. Locai, Board op Health. Sewerage Qdestios.

An extraordinary meeting of this Board was held at the Peel Institution on Monday last. Members present Mr. S. Rhodes, chairman; Messrs. Bingham, Bowker, Briggs, 8.

Bury, Dewhnrst, Ent-wislo, John Grimshaw, Stelfox, aud Walmsley. It was resolved that a pipe and sewer of sumcient size, from the brook at tho north-west corner of Mr. Hepple's mill, up Union-street, Piccadilly, and Church-street, to the Hundred Bridge, near Bridge Inn, be constructed forthwith It was also resolved that all other sewers, as set forth in tbe plans originally passed by tbe government inspector, be constructed to deliver into the river at convenient points, with provision for connecting them with the main sewer hereinbefore resolved to be constructed It was also resolved that Messrs. Rhodes, Dewhurst and Bingham form a committee to wait upon Mr. Hepple with the view to ascertain his feelings with regard to constructing flood-gates or a bye-wash at Hepple's goit It was ordered that the alterations embodied In the above resolutions be referred to tbe Highway and Sewerage Committee, to take the necessary steps for carrying them into execution It was ordered that tho olerk call a meeting of the Building, Highway, and Sewerage Committee, for Thursday evening.

Come Strike. Weavers' Meeting. On Wednesday night last, the Weekly meeting of the weavers and operatives of Accrington was held in tho Bay Horse. Mr. Richard Heap occupied the chair.

Mr. Margerison, of Colne, addressed the meeting. He said be was not Eroincr tbroush tha sfctmnt which were made by Mr. Crossley at their last meeting, as be thought Mr. Crossley bad stated the case as it then stood.

He said tbe Colne operatives were as determined as when they strnok work, and if were supported they would not only continue through this inolemeiit winter, but through the winter of 1862. Ho urged them to continue their support, as Colne was the battle-field for tbe whole of the weavers of Lancashire, and if they at Colne were defeated, tbey at Accrington would soon have their wages reduced. It was his opinion tbat if tbere had been no strike at Colne, they would have had to suffer a reduction in their wages, in consequence of tho present dulness of trade. He stated that tbe operatives of Barnoldswick had come to the determination tbat they would not let the king of that place rule over them as hitherto, and they would have tbe same remuneration as thoy had at Accrington and other places (Applause.) an Iuish Amazon On Thursday last, at the Accrington petty sessions, Nancy Woodhouse was summoned by John Foey for wilful damage Both plaintiff and defendant were Irish Foev stated that tbe defendant's husband lived at his bouse, and she came and wanted her husband to go away. He refused, and the defendant came at two o'clock in tbo morning, and (to use ths complainant's own words) kloked up a bobbery," and broke 16 panes of glass, which had cost him 5s.

putting in The defence set up was something contained in a sentence of about three minutes' duration, tho only intelligible part of which was that the defendant's husband had paid 4s. of the claim. The parties went out of court to try to settle, but they returned, having been unsuccessful, and tbe defendant was then ordered by the Bench to pay Is. damages, aud expenses. A Jealous Hdsband Oh Thursday, at the Accrington petty sessions, Edward Cooper, tailor, was summoned by his wife, Elizabeth Cooper, for an assault Mr.

Barlow appeared for the defendant Tbe complainant stated that the defendant bad put her out of doors, when she went for her clothes, on Saturday night. She showed marks on her arm where her husband bad laid hold of her. It appeared, on cross-examination, that her husband was jealous of her. Several valentines were produced, which the defendant alleged bad been sent to her, or bought by her to send but tbe plaintiff said tbey had been given to her girl by a neighbour. A box containing rouge was produced, and plaintiff was asked if she did not use it for her cheeks, to which she replied in tbe negative, for sbe did not need it.

She bad thought of going to America, unknown to her bnsband, for be did not use bar well. She had not told her husband that she liked another mau better than him. She had been "clammed," for hor husband only allowed her 2s. a week for three of tbem. She admitted that she had a bad temper, and said that her husband bad bad habits P.

C. Swift said be saw defendant push his wife out of doors. She tried to sit down, but her husband pulled' the chair away, and she would have fallen but for the table. Tbe parties wenc out to try to settle, and it was arranged that the complainant should bare ber clothes. Tbey could not, however, agree about tbe costs, The Bench said the defendant would either have to pay the costs, or be bound over to keep the peace.

The costs were paid. An Incorrigible Apprentice James Threlfall was brought up under a warrant, at the Accrington petty sessions, on Thursday, charged with absenting himself from tbe service of his master, Mr. Jas. Brindle, boiler maker, Marsden. Mr.

Brindle stated that Threlfall had absented himself witbout leave from bis service bo had absconded six times, and bad been away about 57 weeks altogether. That was tbe third time he had been brought up before them for tbe same offence. The prisoner said he did not like tho business. He was committed for one month, with hard labour, with liberty to settle with his employer. A Murder by a Ghost at Kendal.

The Kendal Mercury relates the following strange story At the high end of Stramongate, in Kitty Gibson's yard, stand some very old buildings, and in one of these, a part of which faces the street, and was, about a century ago, a public-house known by the sign of the Black Horse, the following strange occurrences took place, a few days ago There is a cottage at the upper end of this yard, which is occupied by a man named Joseph Allinson, a bobbin turner, and one of the inmates, a young woman of the name of Marian Allen, a sister of Mrs. Allinson, who has been bedridden and nearly blind for some time past, and an object of sympathy on account other sufferings, is the medium through which the strange story now in circulation has been set afloat. It appears that on Monday evening last, whilst some fjve or six men and women were sitting by the fireside down stairs, all at once they were considerably alarmed by some heavy sounds, as if some one was knocking violently in a room npstairs this noise continued for some time knock knock knock louder and louder so much so that the concussion shook the house as if it were about to be brought down altogether-one person stating that tho chair in which he was sitting was fairly lifted up. What conld be the cause of this fearful noise It was suggested that perhaps the poor young woman ill in bed and helpless, might have fallen on the floor, and was knocking for assistance. On proceeding to her apartment, she gave forth this curious revelation, which bids fair to emulate the far-famed "Cock-lane Ghost." An apparition had visited her (which she was permitted to behold for a time, and then her eye-siirht left her as before), thn fimira nF man Ar.3 ui Sf'P as.Pect- She describes somethine breathed in her face-that the lighted candle in the room burned dim, and, finally, either went ont of its own accord, or was extinguished by some unseen hand, when the figure appeared as stated.

On acqniriog snffic ent utterance, she ed of the ghost, in the ne of the Holy Trinity, why she was troubled with his presence. On the third time of asking, the spectre spoke in a thick, insky, hoUow voice, telhng her, whilst pointing in the direction below, to follow him to the cellar of the Eonse, removing the flagstone of the hearth, something would be found buried, which was the special purpose of his visit to reveal. On stating this, the form of the unearthly jristomt vanished like a dim shadow. Slowly and hes the house wentto the locality in the cellar pointed ont by the man Jjlack-dug up the hearth and found a quantity of bones (whfch yet renforffito. spection of the cunous) buried a little belowthe surfeS A quantity of hops, in good preservation, were KWl scattered here and there over the so boi man they are said to be by some acco4ted cZnefent judges in such matters) have been examined fa people.

Their state of decarleads to HuppoK hat I long, longtime has elapsed since they weri Lw tho ground. It i8 to be regretted I I i beneath reveal more of the secreteStSnhoe be he was forbidden to do sono imTS 21 conjecture.is rife as to theMirtn bones, fetter somlfMlS SowSi A correspondent of the Tine suggests, with the view be SEVERE FROSTS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE PRESTOS CHRONICLE. Sib, Would any your readers inform me how long the severe lrosts 01 1007-0 ana xeiu-i lastea iowo, January 18, 1860. I.

THE SOUP KITCHEN. TO THE EDITOR 05 THE PRESTON SIR -In most Lancashire towns where there are no funds availabe for the purpose, soup kitchen have been opened, by public subscription to relieve the general distress. In Preston, where tbere is a large sum in hand for tL purpose is 'kept rtko. January 17, 1861. CHARITY.

CRUSADES AGAINST INDULGENCES. TO THE EDITOR OF THE PRESTON CHRONICLE. gut The letter of which appeared in your last Saturday's publication under the above heading, is so self-contradictory that its meaning can only be surmised. For his information I make the following remarks 1st. Alcohol is now recognised by the greatest physiologists of the day as an aliment, and its presence is invariably detected in a normal state of the blood, its absence indeed being indicative ot disease.

Its introduction into the human system is, and can only be, a source of physical degradation when supplied in excess. Like every other aliment the tise of alcohol is favourable and its abuse prejudicial to the perfect development of the human organism. I remark that excess in eating is far more disastrous in its consequences than excess in drinking alcoholic beverages teetotal advocates are slow to admit this, but physiology proclaims it a truth. 2nd. There are many circumstances which prove that, as regards food, man's healthy development is best secured by strict adherence to vegetarian diet.

Without tresspassing too far on your space, I will just refer to the following in support of the truth of what I advance. The characteristics of the herbivora are lateral vemont of theiaw cellulated colon, and perspiratory skin man has au Se and The oarniwra none. If, then, comparative Inatomv declares man to bo vegetarian his true nature, common sense shows us the advantage of harmonising our dietetics with the law of our being. 3rd What your correspondent says about the use of tobacco and snuff, proves nothing but his own ignorance. Tobacco, in whatever form introduced into the human system, cannot but be prejudicial to health.

It destroys the integrity of the nervous system by stimulating to an abnormal activity, and consequently causes a rapid disintegration of its substance. We all know that the human organism is originally intolerant of its presence but an incessant tampering with our instincts, and a vile, unremitting constancy in self depravation, induces an ultimate fondness for what vasat first an abhorrence and physical adaptability conforms finally to a depraved and vitiated taste. Yours truly, Liverpool, January 16, 1861. J. T.

W. EXHIBITION OF DOGS AND POULTRY. TO THE EDITOR OP THE PRESTON CHRONICLE. gin I was very much pleased to see in your paper of the 5th instant a lcttor from Mr. Brailsford, of the Knowsley kennels, on the subject of a dog show, to be entitled "The Lancashire Show of Sporting Dogs." Now, sir, as the committee of the Preston and Lancashire Poultry Association are out of pocket by their last year's show, I think, if they would establish an exhibition of dogs 'in connection with a poultry show, it would be a means ofredoeming their loss.

Butlwouldnotconfineit, as Mr. Brailsford does, to a show of sporting" dogs alone, but accept all breeds, from the smallest spaniel or terrier to the largest Newfoundland or mastiff. After the very successful exhibition held at Birmingham, where, according to the Times, some 300 dogs competed for prizes of very large amount, and where Lord Derby, and Mr. Brailsford, your correspondent, -were mentioned as successful competitors, I think there would not be tho slightest difficulty in establishing a show here. Mr.

Brailsford, I have no doubt, would be most willing to assist the committee in their arrangements, and also be able to procure the entry of some of the most valuable dogs in Lancashire, and probably some from other counties as well. We all know what an improvement has taken place in the breed of poultry since the establishment of shows in various districts throughout England, and I heartily agree with Mi-. Brailsford that an exhibition of dogs would be a grand step towards their improvement, owing, perhaps, to the fact that many persons having valuable dogs in their possession, and not knowing of other dogs of the same breed, are prevailed upon to cross them with dogs of quite a different description, and so bring into the world useless mongrels, instead of well-bred and useful animals. Is it not also a pity to drop one of the very best poultry shows in England? Could there not be a subscription raised towards refunding the loss sustained by the committee? There are many persons in this wealthy district who would, I think, give their mite towards keeping the association afloat, I remain, sir, yours, A DOG AND POULTRY FANCIER. January 15th, 1860.

THE BLACK SPOT IN HISTORY. BY MAJOR-GENERAL T. PERRONET THOMPSON. It will bo interesting, at some future time, to know the steps and circumstances by which a respeotabie nation like England, was led into casting off the restraints of morality and honour, and doing worse than revert to the barbarism of what are accounted the dark ages of the world. The lover of monarchy will ask how it was that when the name of an amiable sovereign was used to hold her forth as the leader of banditti and tho grand pirate of tho flarth, there was no resistance on the part of those who thought monarchy a useful institution.

In particular, it will bo demanded, how among those military and naval men, whose whiskers would curl so fiercely if it were intimated to them that they were tamely seeing the crown abused, there should be sach a prudent silence, and it should be left to the honest peasant and the hard-handed operative, to murmur over tho disgrace inflicted by ill-ministers, on the fountain of honour and the rose of "England's reputation. Jot down the facts, for the service of what will at some time be history. A great mercantile company had made establishments in India, which, by steps, not always immaculate, had led it to sovereign power over enormous territories. Nevertheless, this had been mingled with many displays of sound policy and intelligent humanity. Two of its leading principles were, not to interfere with the religion of its subjects, and not directly or indireetly to take possession of their lands.

The East India Company systematically discouraged both these interferences and, while it lasted, it held at bay the reprobates who on both these points were itching to be doing. The great impediment in the way of the felonious designs was tho existence of a powerful and respected native army. Opportunity was therefore taken to rub their mouths with pork, and upon this base manoeuvre they were massacred and broken up. British officers turned hangmen with their own hands and there was only one who had the spirit to i-efuse dining with the Speaker of the House of Commons because ha would not put on epaulettes. Excellent Deputy-Quarter-MasterGeneral" invented setting fire to tho clothes of their wounded soldiers, to see whether any feigned doath and civil servants made copies of the Black ole at Calcutta, that no form of ignominy might bo saved the British name.

The Governor-General, an aristocrat of plebeian origin, from whom better things might have been expected, was free from any active participation in the plots in hand but he had not sagacity to see them in their approach, nor energy to stop them afterwards. So at last came the completion of the plan, in an invasion of European landholders, pre- relations botween a Virginian planter and the coloured races. The East India Company made a poor defence for its life as is alwajs the case with men who shrink from putting their cause on the great grounds of morality and justice, and bend before conventional cries. So much for what our forefathers would call "fytte the first." When the spirit of blood is up, the ulcer always breaks out in two places. The same kind of villainy was meditated in China and, as a tail-piece, in Japan.

A trade lie was got up, by a squabble about a parliament declared it to be so, and was instantly sent to tho right about. Canton was bombarded, to serve the interest of a smuggling-house. A treaty was subsequently framed, by which a representative of the Queen was to go to Pekin. But the representative of the Queen presented himself by a routo the treaty never contemplated, and with a fleet at his heels. It never was denied and therefore must go down as history.

It was precisely as if Spain had negotiated sending an ambassador to London, and the ambassador had come up the Thames with the Armada in his train, and then, with the sublime of baseness, had charged the English with treachery because he was fired on from Tilbury Fort. The attempt to pass with the fleet was unsuccessful, as every act of ruthless piracy ought to be but it served for a stupid nation to howl for vengeance, as Spain, if it was dark enough, might have done in the supposed case of the Armada. Alva or Tilley, though they lapped blood like water, would have shrunk with shame from the dishonourable triok; and their rugged followers would have come forward with a broad hint, that if they made war like devils, they made it like gentlemen. But all this was gulped. A new piratical expedition was fitted out, in which all the concerned ought to figure at Execution Dock, except as they pleaded themselves enforced agents.

The progress was suituble to the design. Where all is falsehood, it requires some of the talent of a detective officer to track the truth. A good way is to take the first account before the relaters have had lime to consider how it should be cooked. In this light, there can be no reasonable doubt that the affair of tne nags 01 truce was, as was nrst reported, a dishonourable move to lay out a hostile camp in advance, under cover of what the basest savage is expected to respect, a flag of truce. They had started, and had progressed, under palpable repudiation of all laws of faith and honour in and then had the meanness to complain that they were treated as outlaws.

The policy was everywhere to do the dishonourable thing, and charge it on the enemy a policy for which no names can be found, without diving into the vernacular to a greater extent than is agreeable. But, in this filthy manner the British name was bent to infamy such as the dark ages cannot parallel and Franco was bribed with half, lest Frenchmen should ory out, Fancy a piratical invader making bis way to London, repudiation'at every sjep of all laws of civilized war, and levying a contribution there, with gratuitous burning of tb e-pUaee at Windsor, the whole -accompanied very insolence which mean ob'uW, tbnak Tancyj 'for instance, the victorious pirate demanding that when the Queen's nearest of kin was brought: to sign the lftdoncessions, he and his attendants shoiild. petbld fSJg Wf to authenticate how the-pirate SHC8 and the Queen's kinsman "sulky." Giles. s.have dreamt the like Propensity for things of this kind Wi, l5S! his hand Jjondoninstead of Pekfi. Sbnal honour, and draB ind dras.the 6SZ? of and, ftKr ud wSUot There are but two iSdsof StS? tiS0 tlttm a chalk, and let those wCSe S--- Thr Way to Manage HoRSEsT-NeverlftZlrT clean or otherwise disturb your horse when i0 meal, unless you want him to bite and kick Rnf i 18 you clean take him out of the stall and make a iT wiea it.

Tie yonr horse in the centre of the stall mess of want your horse to do as most horses do dritrl 8 Dtt one rein than on the other. Horses that 'are on themselves in their stalls should bo tied with 0834 halter, giving them, much more freedom of tnZ the nose halter. Gentlemen, firmness and subdue the most obdurate. New EjyhndZ Dbainage Oijtpali.s. MeBsrs.

Bidwell of Exeter, thus write to he Times The riJki -J0. fall through the landB of adjoining proprietors Ea advocated at a recent public meeting of 8 article in the Txtms, from which it may beasm no such power exists, we beg that you will hit your columns this letter, stating the fact that is granted and exercised under the powers of -''The only means of obtainine thl fe proportionate to their valueS LIT1 8utn some reliable French agent tesenl ffiTM several be required, it might be mmi ibbould a personal visit to the market to make incurred in this direction? however IZlVt to ascertain how far this fancv fit lt ot WeU the popular fancy for Tom Thnh a 0WS is ed to specimens of dwarfed ve tSh Pnies' and reaction from the effort! tn ch a sort of maturity, in our anlmaU 5 SJZe' nearir of milk and butCa cermCourft amoaat consumed, whether the cowUgS ltd be for the purpose of supplying he chUdr.n? a miniature dairy as aTanfefejf ment, scarcely any useful results can be expected employment of Breton cows. Indeed in, om Jhe worthy of R', consideration whether tV woW? prove a more profitable investment." not Remedy for the Potato Diseasp tut steward and gardener, Dublin; writes tf Gardener Chronicle' and AgUZal Qe Lt 2f th? "ralGZie of Dec! stalk from the potato' LeSrinT1 6Very HWfcof'whl hi beg Hr I a 1m' the same year that the Messrs Hardy had, as it were, by accident discovered this ont remedy, I had at the request of the late Lord Hete bu tLo Ireland' and fce endeavonfs to find out a preventative are well known tried all sorts of experiments on the roots and tubers infested and fnnn nothing to equal lime iu its caustic state, aUeftr them as they were spread out on a dry bam floor. In th following year, 1816, it occurred to me that the maladv would be best stopped when the plant was in foliage i therefore applied such substances as sulphate of mawesia any befeffdll resu t. it then occurred to me to cut off the stalks within two inches of the surface, and to remould the driU afres? and I can say with the Messrs.

ardy that I had not a smglc diseased tuber. The quantity and quality presented Jt" ff ge' whf on that the same field not ctt over, I had scarcely sound roots enough for seed, I mav remark that, contrary to my own judgment, I ras induces! to pull up the stalks of a ridge out thisas I had TntM. pated, was too violent a process, and spoiled the crop I beg also to remark, that for the last twelve or fourteen ha7aI aU 7 ea sorts the moment I observed the blight, and invariably with the same success; only let us plant early aud sever the connection between the tubers and the atmosphere, and we need not fear this formidable but not unconquerable enemy Character of Loams and Effect of Soils oh Potatoes. The following fragment of a communication for our pages (says the Collage Gardener) was the last literary effort of our valued corresDondent. Rrms-ni.

e. KINGTON. Nature gave way before he could mlf this record of part of his long and varied experience The term loam has, it appears, puzzled many a one, especially of the class usually styled amateurs. But let me go farther, and affirm that it has thus served some of the best professors of the science and art of gardening. I must confess that there are matters connected wittt loams which still puzzle me as to their bearing on gardening affairs.

We all know that some agricultural districts through the country look red when ploughed, others a common dirty brown or hazel, and others again yellow. These red soils are charged by some old farmers with being the best wheat soils in the country. This is too sweeping but that certain soils, or classes of soils, will produce certain crops in higher perfection than any other class, need not be doubted. The fluke potato is now known by every one, and is grown for the market extensively on what are called red I have this season seen or heard of several cases of advertising, in which this hue fippn QCBprf'ol utairanhij l-nm TPLI therefore, appears to be a recognised condition amongst mal-practjcal men. Now, this fluke somewhat puzzled me for a while, for I began with the best seed out of Lancashire but I have found them degenerate so that they are rejected; and this is the case with all the farmers around here, as far as the soil is light and sandy.

But it is with them not merely a question of colour in the soil, but rather of texture. The fluke we must class as a kidney, and all the kidneys with which I have been acquainted are partial to soils somewhat adhesive. I have been astonished years since at the singularly robust character of the ash-leaved kidney errnwa on etroug wheat soils Nautwich is only BOtneten miles from here (Oulton Park), and I was in the habit of looking over the rich land and gardens in that neighbourhood a score years since. The land in that neighbourhood is peculiarly strong, deep, and fat, not merely a coarse clay soil, but what, perhaps, may be termed an alluvium. Finding my ash-leaved kidneys degenerating fast, I obtained prime seed from a respectable farmer then noted for them.

But, behold, in three years, on our light soils, they ran off as bad as ever. Now, the kidney's in my friend's garden used to astonish me they grew as stiff as oak trees, in fact, quite a different plant. At the same time, the round potatoes grew on our land with the utmost freedom. I know a gardener, and a very experienced man too, who about four years since obtained permission, with much difficulty, to procure turfy loam for a new vine-border from any part of the park. This was considered a boon indeed.

The park is a fine soil, generally varying a little in point of adhesiveness. Well, he hit on a plot at last that seemed all perfection, and used it for the new vine-border, and, strange to say, he could not get the vines to take to it, yet he used nothing with it but the ordinary material. Now, had this man been a raw recruit, I should have fancied that ignorance or quackery were the cause, but it is not so. Now, if there GARDENING OPERATIONS. (From the Gardeners' Chronicle.) Conservatory, Forcing-pits should now be in full activity to furnish plants in bloom, which at this season are more or less in demand in most places.

Care should be taken before they are removed to sitting rooms to gradually harden them for a day or two, either by placing them in the conservatory or intermediate honse. In addition to keeping the conservatory gay with blooming plants, let the arrangement of the house be occasionally changed, by grouping the plants somewhat differently, and adding a few striking ones for effect. Pay attention to plants intended for successive blooming. Hyacinths should be protected by a frame as they begin to grow remove the plunging material down to the surface of the pots to prevent them rooting upwards. Mignonette will require attention to keep it from damaging As, with the exception of forced plants, most other things are now in an inactive state, the temperature of plant houses should fall to its minimum, point consistent with the safety of their various inmates.

As has often been insisted on, nothing can well be worse for the development of a healthy vigorous habit in plants than subjecting them toa high temperature at the jpresent severe dull season. Where achimenes are required to bloom early a few pots may now be started for that purpose. Flower Garden and Shrubberies. Except in tbe most favoured localities, little can be done in this department at present. The bedding plants, however, must have attention, for in all likelihood many things are suffering, and such plants as appear most affected should be removed to other quarters where a higher temperature is kept.

Keep the stock in pits and frames well protected, and the surface soil of the pots frequently stirred. Dust with, sulphur verbenas and similar plants attacked with mildew. Be particular keeping the interior of pits con-taming plants of the above description as dry as circumstances will permit. Hardy Fruit and Kitchen of tuT TT sua me result is that Set so crowded with wood as to outer-b worse than useless spray which the trees have toupport -wS8 bth of the fruuS also to the general health of the tree. When this steteof things has been allowed to prevail, advantage should hi taken of the first opportunity to give theTees Srefa! "ipw-Bwnehe.

severelfc IJ.l'ff branches being cut off, the surface of the wound should be neatly trimmed off with a sharp chisel letei apatsof totheprotectioTof lettuces, tauliflowers, under glass, so as to guard them from frost but take every favourable opportunity of exposing such things to light and air. Introduce roote of asparagus, seakale, and rhubarb into heat at regular intervals, so as to make sure of a constant supply. Roses for the Million. I think I have a hit on a way to strike rosea so as to place them within the reach of every one. Those who can obtain cuttings now can have 2 summer, and none can mil, provided they observe the following instructions As soon as the cuttings are prepared, place them in layers in boxes or pans, and bury with moist sand; place them so as to eta bottom-heat of about 70, no matter whether on F.

wuift, xuu oniy wing to gnara ajwiu a flue is getting the sand too dry so as to shrivel them, for the secret of striking cuttings in this way is to prevent loss of sap by evaporation. Mine are placed on top of an underground flue, in a bin, with seakale, and GOVerad With Ton? enil 4- nnnA After Return ot Garibaldian VoIiTjiitjsers. Anotjtof batch of Garibaldian volunteers, to the number of In men, arrived in London, on Tuesday morning. They embarked at Marseilles in the French steam packet Semt Loire, and arrived in good condition. There were a few wounded men among' them, but with the exception of one who was struck on the head by the fragment of a shell? tho wounded are nearly all convalescent.

A letter ironi Naples, dated January 9, says that 160 more left Naples for Genoa in a steamer belonging- to the Sardinian government. It was intended, so it was stated, to send them by way of Mount Cenis. On the 9th, only Bowling's company of artillery and the sick remained in Italy. being so placed for a week I examined them, and, to my surprise and delight, I found all callused. I believe many h9nl.mv.J ,1 Atffinnlt XO propagate may be struck in the same way.

I am now trying experiments on other things, on which I hope to report hereafter. Correspondent of the Gardeners CWa-nicle, The annual meeting of the Preston Penny: Bank is "anT nouncedin Iumn to. take, place next Thursday, at the Institution, Avenham', The' followmg satisfactory report of of the bahfcdurij(gffie5alst twelve' months, has been presented by the' committee af njanaee-' ment. to the trustees: ufe' Committee present this, their second annual report, relative to' the qperaSs and progress of the Bank. During the year, 1 858 ac- S0en-p8IleA' SW number of de-gositors 4,133.

Since the presentation of the last report, 6(56 accounts have been closed, leaving open 3,167 2bS and if' yf receivedfrotao of the year, 1,181 lis, at; ts, averSg lh dlff8rent swns, or an average of 8s. lid. l-'n i. i5klng an average of thedepositors- for the year, twi? i 490 have each-week paid money into tne Bank, and that ol have withdrawn the total or some portion of their deposits. A sum of 612 lis.

lid. is due depositors, of which 500 is invested with the Local Board of Health, and 110 13s. in the Savings Bank, in tne names of Dr. Spencer, William Ainsworth, and J. J.

Myres, and the remaining Is. 6d. is in the hands of Mr. Moore, the treasurer. The greatest amount standing to the credit of any single depositor is 7 13a but the average sum standing to the credit of each 18my 4s.

It may be stated that interest to the amount of 2 2s. 5d. has been placed to the accounts of depositors having more than 20s. in the bank. The number of depositors who have accounts under 5s, is 2,513 5s.

and und 257 10s. and under 248 over 14S. It is evident from the foregoing statements, especially from the great amount repaid to depositors, that the bank is effecting the objects contemplated by the trustees. Opportunities are afforded of plaoing small sums in the bank, there to rest in safety until required by the depositors, and forthcoming on two days' notice, so that should a depositor have occasion to withdraw he is not subjected to any inconvenience arising from unnecessary delay in payment. That the bank is employed as a temporary depository of small sums, is proved by the treasurer's accounts, an audited balance sheet of which will be laid before you.

It is erroneous to suppose, as many do, that the bank is not successful because accounts are not suffered to accumulate, as in other savings banks, until each depositor becomes the possessor of a large sum. Whilst, however, the object of the committee is to secure means to provide present comfort to the depositors, they would be glad tof find, which doubtless will ultimately be the case, that the' pence and shillings invested in this bank have been the1 nucleus of many little, and, perhaps, of some large, fortunes, enabling the ownersto start and pass through life in comfortable instead of in needy, circumstances. These large sums, however, cannot accumulate in this bank, itf consequence of a rule which government required that no single depositor be allowed to invest more than 10 in the whole. Facilities are nevertheless offered to persons thus desirous of saving their money, whereby it can be transferred to the Savings Bank in their own names. In order to give correct information as to the classes of persons who frequent the bank, it may be stated that the following have been enrolled depositors during the year, viz, Dressmakers and domestic servants, 64; mill operatives, 624 meohanios, joiners, and other trades, 167; young people, in shops and at home, 169 young persons at school, 643.

These figures prove that this penny bank is visited and used by those for whom such instiutions are specially established, and it is gratifying to your committee to be able to record this fact. Alterations have been made in the rules with a view to render the bank more efficient in its working, and more secure as regards the depositors. Up to the present time the work in connection with the Penny Bank has been performed gratuitously by several persons who have kindly aided your committee with their services but as the labour involved in posting the accounts into the ledgers after bank hours necessitated a considerable amount of time and trouble, the committee have engaged a person to discharge this portion of work, for which he is re-" numerated out of the difference of interest received by the oommittee and that paid to depositors. The acknowledgments and thanks of your committee are due to Messrs. George Wood, James Green, William Frederick Taylor, Robert Liddell, Thomas Jump, and John Alfred Taylor, for the valuable assistance they have rendered in working the bank.

Mr. Wood has been placed upon the committee. Your committee conclude their report by expressing a hope that the parties for whom penny banks are established will continue to appreciate the invaluable benefits derivable therefrom, and from other similar institutions, and whenever they can save a portion of their incomes by retrenching upon unnecessary expenditure, the committee invite them to make ubb of the Penny Bank as a safe depository for the same. January, 1861. Edwin Andrew, Hon.

Sec. BLACKPOOL. Blackpool Local Board of Health. At the fortnightly meeting of the Board on Wednesday, there were present Messrs. Robert Rawcliffe, (chairman), Fen-ton, Watson, Wade, Moore.

Several minutes of committees were read and confirmed. Messrs. Homes, and Co. were requested to inspect and report upon the general working of the gas works and suggest any improvements at a cost not exceeding two guineas. Mrs.

Bibby's plan of house in Birley-street was disapproved of. Mr. Swindell's plan of alterations at the corner of Church-street was approved of, it being understood that the remainder of the garden in front be laid to the footpath and the rails removed. Messrs. Mather and Fisher having offeced to post all the books and make out the apportionment accounts ready for collection, from 25th March, 1860, to 25th March, 1861, for the sum of 10.

Their offer was accepted. The following were ordered to: be paid Mr. Piatt, 67 10s. lid. Mr.

John Moore, 2 3s. lOd. J. B. Fisher, 2 6s.

lOd. R. B. Lund, 21 15s. lOd.

G. Jolly, 8s. 9d. J. Huddart, 1 4s.

P. H. Thornber, 6 H. Cheetham, 24 10s. 5d.

Robert Crookall, 9 4s. 7d. M. Waddington, 2 6s. 9d.

R. Mather, 12 16s. 2d. Messrs. Holmes and 75.

The Board then adjourned to the 30th instant. BLACKBURN. Candidates for the Hulks. At the borough police court yesterday, before Mr. C.

Parkinson, Hugh Gavagltan and James Whalley were oharged with stealiDg a loaf from the shop of Mr. James Eoroyd, grocer, Penny-street. The wife of the prosecutor said she saw Gavaghan in her husband's shop on the previous day. He naked for some eggs, to which she replied that they had not any. Another witness, named Cookson, said she Eaw the prisoner Whalley run away with a loaf, and tlin the DrismierH Joined each other after getting through the Plough Entry Tho prisoners cross-examined the witnesses with great tact, and at the oondlusion thereof, they made vulgar and wicked observations.

To the polloeman who apprehended them Gavaghan said, If thou goes with ns on the train to Preston we will train thee, we will warm thee thou 1." Whalley exolaimea, Takon up for steallng.a loaf which we nover took. It's as hard as a stone." In answer to the chargo Whalley said, "I was nover In the shop at all until tho polioeman took mo." Gavaghan said, Do what yon like, I don't care, I'll have a fair trial at the sessions." On the prisoners being told they were committed for trial, Whalley said, "Yes, all right." Gavaghan.sald, "Thank yon, for nowt." On the prisoners being taken Into the cells they were so violent that their clogs had to be taken oft; and their hands fastened behind their backs. Hawkuto MEAT.Yosterday, James Whalley was flned by the Blackburn borough magistrates 2s. for hawking meat on Monday last. Suspicion of Felony.

Yesterday, at the borough police court, Blaokburn, Mary Ann Johnson, who had been remanded for a week, on suspicion of having stolen five sovereigns, was again brought np, and Mr. Laverty said that no owner had been fcind for the money. The money was believed to belong to James Worsley, of Haslingden, who was robbed last week, but who had oharged Elizabeth Henry with robbing him. The prisoner Johnson had been seen in the company of Worsley on the night that be was robbed. The prisoner was discharged.

Trespass is Porsoit of Game. At the county petty sessions at Blaokburn, on Wednesday last, before Mr. W. Pilkington and Mr. a.

Martlahd, Bobert Gibbons was summoned for trespassing in pursuit of game, on a farm called Boyshaw, occupied by Mr. Thomas Crook, in Little Harwood, the game right of which belonged to Mr. Hoyle. It appeared that, on Saturday afternoon last, Edward Holden gardener and assistant gamekeeper, saw tho defendant Gibbons along with two others whom he did not know. They were ranging with dogs in a nursery, be nnrsued them and wont np to them, but thoy did not speak to him.

The defendant was flned 20s. and costs, in default one months' imprisonment. A Collies Drowned while Skathto. On Monday last, Edward Entwistle, a youth seventeen years of age, whilst skating on a pond, belonging to Mr. Steiner, of Church, tho ice broke, and precipitated the deceased into the water.

He was drowned before any as-sistance conld be obtained. Pbrmittinq Gaming. At the weekly petty sessions, held on Thursday last, before the Mayor and Mr. Cod-dington, Daniel Coyle, licensed victualler, Kova Scotia, was summoned for permitting gaming in his house and James Edmpndson, Richard Knowles, Lawrence Mars-den, Robert Pickering, Matthew Bolding, and Richard Tattersall, were charged with aiding and abetting the same. Police-constable Townley said that he'went into the defendant's house, at 11-40 on Monday night last, and saw1 all the defendants engaged in gaming.

This statement was. confirmed by Police-constable Ward. Coyle was fined 20a. and costs, and the other defendants were fined 5s. each and costs.

Assault. Margaret Moor Bummoned Michael Gilroy for assaulting her, on Saturday night last. The case was clearly proved, and the defendant was fined 5s. and costs. A.

Oleryman Charged with Habitual DansKBjf A commission, appointed by the Bishop of Manchester, has just been sitting to investigate, a charge of drunkenness preferred against the Rev. Joseph Wood, in-enmbent of All Saints' Church, Clayton-le-Moors. The inquiry took place in Whalley Church School, Mr. Cob-bett appearing for the prompters of the commission, and Mr. Samuel Pone for the accused.

The Rtntnmmita a duced for the appellants were briefly as follows fW vynic-jiionuay, ioo, ine scnoiars connected with Clay ton-le-Moors Sunday School had a holiday, and went to Whinney-hill in procession. In the evening of that day yyent to the honse of one of his congregation, in a stale of undress, and proposed to go to the hill to see the echolors, and he, was then intoxicated. Mr. Wood went along with a member of his and his condition was snch as to attract the attention of Mr. Wood afterwards complained; of the circumstance being mentioned, and he then admitted that he had taken a little ale and spirits; On the 15th July (Friday), the day preceding a cheag trip to Liverpool, Mr.

Wood was at the school, delivering tickets, and at that time he was more or less in liquor in fact, all but drank. Amongst other symptoms was that his breath emel led of intoxicating liquor. On the following Sunday the rev. gentleman wag in a state of intoxication while in the act of pBiforming his sacred office in church. At the conclusion of the service, two gentlemen Waited upon hita and.

recommended that there should be no service in the afternoon. Mr. WotidVaocedea'' to-t-ttriisiit afterwards i expressed bis regret for. the Sunday's proeed. ings, and admitted tlmt he had taken a little wine and wafer; rOtt'thel9th of October I860, abont eightfc'binjck In4he evening, Wood was ihJAccigtoba was drank in the public street.

He rwa so ar fiutiniraiS t6 stiiggerv so aaoofc that, a witftesB MoT; ttt call another man tohibi to tektfthe Veetfend tKiphi'ntfrh AfWrevidettce had'been addnwd'ft snpjibrt (ations, Mr, Pope, for the detecd; 'totteSVdursil i'show that1 the- charge had mffflfifc upon rpersonal grounds, and thatfliere waaMtipfeflS fflalsdatiftn for the charge. Afte a brief bnsnfijalorii (tiramissibners unainimoasly decided' that th'are'werf n't 3 mee ting, was noiu iu mo "ThTareanTof "Thenkard's Wife The contrast," and the Irishman oreacnes. low's abilities as a reciter seem to be of a very high order. At the conclusion, the hearty thanks of given to tne ensarman. premiums, New Petty' Sessional' Division.

At the reatoa quarter sessions, held on the 2nd instant, Mr. Kay-instructed by Sir. J. H. King, applied for a new petty sessional division, to be called the Darwen embracing the townships of Over Darwen, Lower Darwen, Eooles Hill, Tookholes, and Yatoand Pickup Bank.

Mr. Kay and Mr. Birchall having given the formal proofs of the act of parliament, it was unanimously a8REViVAi Pbateb MEEimas.During the week revival nravdr mpetimrs have been held in connection with the. Tcgregatioaal Chapel; the Baptist Chapel; tho United Methodist Free Church, and the Wesleyan Chapel. The Be" Messrs, Davles, Gale, Hands, Rhodes, and Barry have taken put In the proceedings.

They baye been conducted in Set ffion with each other. The meetings havoj been very well attended, and no donbt will be productive of great good. A SooiAt lAirav was held at the Willtetp-slreet on Monday evening, by the members and friends or th 'Baptist congregation, for the purpose of introducing the mlnteter, the Rev JT. Gale, to the church. Several interesting addresses ware delivered.

Chiid Founo Dead On Wednesday last, Ellen Carney, a child ten weeKs old, was found dead in bed. Over Darwen Peiti Sessioks At these sessions, on Thursday last, before Messrs. Ralph Asheton, Richard Ecolos, and James Shorrook, the following dases wore heard Offewse'i Robert Aspden, beerseller, Guide, was summoned for bavin" his house open after eleven o'clook on Saturday night last, and John Holden, Holden Howarth, and William Yates were summoned for aiding and abetting him in that act. Mr. Backhouse appeared for John Holden, and submitted to tho Benoh that a ilne upon the beerseller alone would meet the Justice of the case, as It had never been contemplated by the legislature that all persons who were found in beer-honses after improper hours should be summoned as aiders and abettors, The Bench inflioted a fine of 10s.

and coBts upon Aspden, and 2s. 6d. each and costs upon the other defendants. Biding without Reins Eli JepBon, waggoner to Mr. Baron, of Dog Meadows, for riding, without reins, on Monday, was flned Is.

and costs Important Wages Case. The Justices in a fix. James Caton v. John and Ralph Shorrook, ironfounders. Tho defendants were summoned by James Caton for 2 being a fortnight's wages In lieu of notice.

Mr. Dean appeared for the defendants. The complainant said that he was employed by the defendants at the rate of 28s. per week. Oh the 26th of December he was told tbat his services would not be required after the following Saturday.

On tbat day bis wages were put up. He then said that, according to the Tules of the foundry, ho was entitled to fourteen days' notice, because a man had been brought before that Bench by the. defendants, with a warrant, for leaving bis work without notice, so he thought that notice was as fair for ono as another. He went again to Bee about bis notice, but one of the defendants passed him by and would not speak to him. He followed up stairs, and again told one of the defendants that he did not consider he had been fairly treated.

The foreman and ono of the defendants spoke to each other, after which he was told that, out of charity, they would allow him to Berve a week's notice, which be refused, and knowing that one of the defendants bad struck at one of bis men with a back, he came off tho premises as quickly as he conld. The defendants had brought Robert Archer before the Bench, under a warrant, for leaving witbout notice. He claimed 2 16s. for wages in lieu of notice. He bad no witnesses.

Mr. Dean said be could save the time of the Bench by raising two objections which were fatal to the complainant's case. In the first place the complainant bad not proved any contract between himself and the defendants. No rules had been put in as the basis of that contract. His second objection was that the Bench had no jurisdiction in cases like that before them.

They had not the power to order the payment of wages in lieu of notice. Suob claims belonged to civil courts, suoh as the County Court. The Act under which the complainant's Bummons was issued was passed long before County Courts were established. He had raised a similar objection before tbe Blackburn Bench, who said that the same objection had never been raised before. They took a week to consider, at the end of which they concurred in tho view he had urged, and held that they had no jurisdiction by dismissing the summons.

The Bench had jurisdiction in cases were the summons was taken out for work and labour done, but not ia cases of alleged wrongful dismissal. The Bench expressed a strong opinion that the complainant ought to have had notice. On looking at the rules they observed that it was slated that notico would be required and given, and that thoy considered proved the contract to have been made. Mr, Dean replied that the Bench bad not the power to try the question of of notice. The statement to which the Bench referred was flamed to recover wages for work and labour done, and in order that poor people should not be kept out of their wages when due.

The Bench: But if the complainant had left his: work witbout notice, could not Mr. Shorrock have brought him before ns? Mr. Dean replied that Mr. Shorrock, in that case, could hava summoned Caton before the Bench, but it would have been under another aot of parliament.The Bench But Mr. Shorrook understood, perfectly well, tbat if he did not give Caton notice be would have to pay him a fortnight's wages Mr.

Dean said that he supposed that Mr. Shorrock did so understand it, and he had offered to give tba complainant a week's notice The Bench But the contract was for a fortnight's notice. Mr. Dean said he had raised his preliminary objections on principle, and he assured the Bench that if they made an order it could not be enforced Mr. Dean then cross-examined the complainant, who denied tbat he bad received a notice to quit on the 26th December.

He had not been complained of for smoking. He toldBeckott that he would be compelled to work on Cbristnius-day. If he had stopped away from work It was not without reason. He insisted upon fourteen days' notice. He refused a week's notice, because the rules specified a fortnlght's notice.

Ho got a verbal notice from the foreman to the defendants. The foreman gave him notice on the 26vh December last, to leave on the following Saturday, the 29th December. It was not a fortnight's noticeMr. Dean called Edward Beckett, who said he was the foreman to the defendants The complainant lost half a day on the Tuesday, and a quarter of a day on tbe Wednesday. When bo saw the complainant he was smoking.

He told him every lathe had its work to do, and that ha had no occasion to come 4ter. Christmas. He dismissed the oomplainant for using inso. lent language, and smoking. He had been a great deal away from his employment within three months.

Ho was present when tbe complainant returned, on the 7th. He loft the premises on'his own account. If the complainant saw a man go to the grinding stone with his tools, he was sure to follow after him with his own The Bench intimated that thoy thought tbe complainant had proved his case, and begged that Mr. Dean would withdraw his objections Mr. Dean declined to do so but, after a short conversation with Mr.

Shorrook, he said that the com. plainant should be at liberty to go and serve a fortnight's notice. Tho Clerk! What, and pay the complainant's wages besides? Mr. Dean Ho. The oomplainant then avowed his determi-nation not.

to return to his work under any such proposition. The defendants had wasted him a fortnight's time, for which ho intended to bo paid. The Bench said tbat tha case must be adjourned for a fortnight, to enable them to take a legal opinion on the points raised by Mr. Dean. CLITHEROE.

Clitheroe Bettv Sessions On Tuesday last, before Messrs J. T. W. Aspiuall, T. G.

Parker, Ralph Assheton, G. Foster, and James Garstang, the following cases were heard Selling Sum. A Publican Rather too Sharp. Margaret Dugdale, innkeeper, of Little Mltton, was charged with having sold a quantity of rum to a number of persons after eleven o'clock In the evening on Christmas Day. P.O.

William Taylor, of the Yorkshire constabulary force, Btated that he was on duty on Mltton Bridge, on the evening of Christ mas Day, and he heard a great noise proceeding from tbe direction of the defendant's house. He went thereabout five minutes before twelve, and ho found about twenty-five persons In tbe bouse. The defendant's son was going round tho company with a half-gallon jug, in which was a quantity of rum. For the defence, two witnesses were called who stated that the parties in the house at the tima the nolica-man came in were three of tho defendant's sons, a person from Preston; another from Over Darwen, and the Mitton Choir ninn in number; bosidss a few friends who had been invited bv thn defendant to meet one of her son's who resides in Preston Thav stated that the rum was given to them by the landlady, and tS there were no liquors of any description filled after eleven o'clook The case was dismissed. Local Board of Health tZ1 Ainscow-Charge of Wilfully Setting a Chimney ire LZi Eccles, P.O., statod that about a quarter to six on tho 7lSo? the 20th December last, ho saw th chimney of defendant Chouse on fire.

He went to the front door and found it fas? He then went to the back and found that was also fast. After a short time the defendant opened tho door and he went to and found that the defendant been putting some straw on the Ire-Defendant, who is a broker, stated that he had received a pair of bedsteads on tbat day, and tbat they wero partly wrapped in straw, amion unpacking them he put the straw on the fire without any intention of firing the chimney.He was fined Is. and costs A. Long Saekreckoning Thomas Boot waB brouKh't ud in custody, by p.p. Myres, oharged with not having surrendered to his ball at tho sessions held in the month of February 1854 (seven years ago.) A true bill was.

returned against him at that session, for an assault with intent upon a married woman of the name of Mary Ann Holden He was now sent to Preston for trial. LANCASTER. A BEOaiso Letter Imposioo. On Thursday, a man, who gave the name of Thomas Ramble, sohoolmaster, Great Yarmouth Norfolk, was brought before R. Hinde and J.

S. Burrell, at the Town Hall, charged with begging under pretence that he had been robbed of 1 16s. If appeared tbat the Superintendent of police bad got Information respecting the doings of this individual, and Superintendant Allison found him in the shop, of Mr. Carruthers, druggist, Market-street, whore ha stated, that he was asking relief on account of having been robbed. He was takon to the police station, and on enquiry a telegram was despatched to Great Yarmouth, and an answer was returned that no such person waa known there.

The prisoner then wrote a note to Superintendent Allison, asking his pardon, and stating that he was schoolmaster to the Methodist Hew Connection, Bury. He was then searched, and several copies of begging letters indifferent feigned hands were found upon Mm. There was also found another begging letter dated Belfast, January 2nd, in which an appeal was made on behalf "of a young man who had been sentenced to corporal punishment and imprisonment in tba 2nd Dragoon Guards" but from which, through means of his wife, be bad escaped, and tho fund to be raised was to enable him and his wife to proceed to America. This dodge, it appeared from the subscription list; raised about 2. It was shown, by evidence, tbat through a bogging letter presented by the prisoner, and stating tbat he had.

been robbed of 7 16s. on board the Laurel (steamer) from Belfast, Mr. B. Mansorgh had given him and a lady, who was in ths shop, bad ginon a like sum. The Bench gave the prisoner tbe option of having some one in Bury enquired of by the Superintendent of Police there, and be gave the name of Mr.

Wright, Methodist New Connexion Chapel, but. subsequently ho returned into court and stated that he would rather submit to be punished than his friends should be troubled. The Bench said tbey bad no doubt be was a practical band, and sentenced him to three months' imprisonment with bard labour, in the House of Correction. Wesmiyan Tea Party. On Tuesday evening last, a congregational tea party, to celebrate the entire extinction of the debt upon the chapel in Sulyare-street, and the two ministers' houses in Friar-street, was held in the Wesleyan School-room The room had been most tastefully decorated for the occasion, and this part being entirely the work of the'ladies, displayed no small portion of artjstio skill, and pf the ingenuity whioh is characteristic Of the ses.

The flags for the decorations were kindly lent by Mr. Coupland. The room was thickly, hut not uncomfortably, filled, about 430 sitting down and partaking of a social and the more subatanial adjuncts. About two years ago, the J. B.

Sumner was appointed superintendent nnnister, and at that "tune the debt ainouh-ted to 1,500 and it was mainly through his zeal jthat-the effort for of the debt was madei He en- ius congregations, a -Bazaar was contnnu- Key, tootne the cliairjnan of the distiiot. a few phpoylela 'fflel was I in and m.m thMiffi8BH.seBracesi,ad Wol8M5hkthoiineet- Chapel, JjQwes Uarwen. xne cnaic WW kept theeet tog Pmterrpted .1 wn Aha aiihiPir OI IBUlUCiauie bnt the hero" ot tne evening appeaiw r-. VneZKeld1 "OUR MOTHER Last Tuesday evening, Mr. James Marshall delivered in the theatre ot the Institution, Avenham, a lecture on "Our mother tongue." The attendance, though was not numerous- aovmg stated tnat there might be faots in the history of the language, its principles, its construction, which it wouid be interestingand instructive to study, he said he should then confine himself to a consideration of the perversions, the inaccuracies, the ambiguities, and the soleoisms, which were of such frequent occurrence in every day life and every day conversation.

The English language for strength, beauty, flexibility, and copiousnoss, had no equal and it was much to be regretted that such ignorance of it should be so constantly displayed, that its elements should be so little understood, and its principles so frequently outraged. Having alluded to the advantages derived xrom a knowledge of the language, and the use of accurate and elegant phraseology, and to the mischiefs arising from the employment of clumsy and inappropriate terms, he spoke of the improper use of the class of words known as synonymes, or supposed interchangeable terms, "supposed," he said, because there was good authority for saying that there were no two words in the language that had precisely the same meaning. As an instance of the conf oundingof words of different meanings, he named the words educate" and "instruct," whioh were seldom distinguished, though they had entirely different meanings. To instruct another is to act upon him to educate him is to enable him to act on himself; to instruct is to put in or impart; to educate, to draw out or develops up to a certain point a' child is instructed but when he beoomes his own teacher, and is merely guided and assisted, he is being educated. So with the words custom" and "habit;" we spoke of the customs of a country or class, the habits of an individual.

Smoking was a bad habit gaming was a vicious habit but referring to individuals collectively we should speak of customs, as the superstitious customs of India, the idolatrous customs of Japan. The Maine Liquor Law advocates waged war against the drinking customs of society, but against the drinking habits of individuals. Between discover" and "invent," which were often confounded, there was an obvious distinction. To discover is to bring to light, to develope some principle which had previously existed to invent is to find out, and in a sense, to create. Harvey discovered the circulation of the blood Sir Isaac Newton discovered the law of gravitation Cook discovered islands in the South Sea but, on the other Watt, Caxton, Arkwright, Stephenson, Crompton, and Davy, were inventors.

He explained, critically, the difference between such words as simulation and dissimulation attentive, industrious," and diligent wilderness and desert nation and kingdom inferior and subordinate benevolent and beneficent Having alluded to the necessity for precision in the expression of ideas, he spoke of tho interest of the subject as a study, and referred such of his hearers who might desire to investigate the matter further, to Archbishop Whately's work on English Synonymes, and to two or three of the publications which Dean Trench had issued on Words. The lecturer next noticed the tendency of our language to abbreviate words, and to absorb foreign terms. Of the former class, he noticed "omnibus" reduced to "'bus "cabriolet" to "caravan" to "oar" and "brigantine" to and "railway" to "rail." Our term "Good bye" was an abbreviation of "God be with you as in adieu," there was the word "A a similar idea. After giving further examples of this kind, and alluding to other instances of the curious derivation of words, he came to' a number of words, not merely nouns, but verbs and adjectives, which had grown out of proper names; herculean for Hercules; simony from Simon Magus; negus from Col. Negus, who first mixed such a beverage orrery frpra the Earl of Orrery macadamize from Mac Adam mackintosh, spencer, brougham, d'oily, He then alluded to the qualities or characteristics implied in the names of individuals, both Christian names and surnames, and then explained the many names of families which had sprung from their employment, asfor instance, Turner, Taylor, Miller, Butcher, Smith, Forester, then irom their appearance, as Brown, Black, then the large number, Thompson, Wilson, Johnson, implying a descent from the Toms, Wills, and Johns, of some distant day.

He next spoke of solecisms, remarking that the term is derived from the name of an ancient town in Asia Minor, the inhabitants of which having peculiar notions of liberty and independence, used to take considerable liberties with the rules of syntax, and not unfrequently ignored its existence altogether. Many of our lexicons define a solecism to be any violation of tho rules of a language, either in speaking or writing, and some gave it a much wider signification by including anv violation of good taste for instance, the awkward and inappropriate gesticulation of an actor or an orator might be considered a solecism any inconsistency in painting or soulpture any incongruity in dress, or any departure from the rules and customs of good society. In its limited signification, however, it simply means a departure from the rules of syntax. Still, it must not be supposed that every solecism is an impropriety, for by the use of various rhetorical figures very considerable latitude is permitted. The figure metonymy, for example, allows us to put the effect for the cause the author for his work the thing containing for tho thing contained.

We say the country for the people in the country or Thackeray for any of his writings. We may also, with great propriety, say boil the kettle," though it is really the water we require boiling. He noticed many ludicrous instances of tho confusion arising from slip-slop writing, not merely in newspaper advertisments, such as announcing the "loss of a dog belonging to a young lady with a brass collar on, and answers to the name of Topsy," but also in many of our best authors. He drew attention to some of the imperfect metaphors in the works of Campbell, Shakespere, Addison, and others. Some humorous instances of the perversion of meaning by faulty punctuation, were pointed out, and he impressed upon his audience to avoid ambiguity in speech.

He then alluded to improprieties of pronunciation, and negleoting to aspirate the letter and said that undoubtedly the most certain and effeotual way is to acquire a thorough knowledge of the language is by 'becoming intimately acquainted with all the rules of grammar, and by constant attention to those ohanges whioh so often occur in the application and pronunciation of words. The next, and perhaps the best, plan, is to attend carefully to the style, modes of expression, and pronunciation of really good speakers not of men who merely talk, but of men who talk well, "who express themselves clearly, concisely, and- effectively. Practice also is necessary. Whatever is to be said let it be said well. Even in the ordinary conversation and cor-resnondance of everv-dav life, employ the best and most appropriate language, tuwaya pieierriiig tjuut wmuu ib simple, expressive, and compact; always avoiding that which is tawdry, meaningless, superfluous, and vulgar.

Reading, too, is an excellent mode of acquiring a knowledge of language, but it must be judicious and well selected and in forming an opinion of the merits of a work, regarding it merely as a specimen of composition, there is very little difficulty. Every one seems to have an uncohoious perception of the eoodness of style, as every one has an unconscious nerceD- tion of pure atmosphere and, whenever the style is objectionable when the sentences are loose, clumsy, and obscure if the ideas are vague, the characters indistinct, the circumstances incomprehensible if you have to turn baok and struggle with every passage, without forming any conception of the meaning, you may as well stop you are only losing time, strength, and patience. If, on tho other hand, you at once become frmiliar with the personages, have a vivid idea of the scenery, can understand at once the incidents and their connexion, that book is worth reading as a composition. Just think of The Pilgrim's Progress" or of Robinson Crusoe." Why, there is not a schoolboy in the country who would not at once recognize every character introduced and, if half a dozen painters were to pourtray any half dozen of these characteres, they would be all painted alike so vivid are they, yet described in snoh simple and compact phraseology. Next, then, to the drudgery of mastering the rules of the language, is to frequent good society to listen to, and study the style of good speakers, read good books in short get good models, and copy them.

And is it not well worth while thus to know and speak- our mother tongue? and is not such a rare accomplishment muoh to be desired Why, thenis it not more oulti-vated fact, is it rare? We are proud of our native land-r-of our liberties and our. rights. We think with exultation of the renown which has been won by the valour of our countrymen, and which has acoumnlated upon every succeeding generation. We boast of our achievements in science, of our progress in the arts of our commerce of our national wealth; and we ought to be equally proud of our language. It was in this language, you know, that Spenser penned his gorgeousallegory, and in whioh Bacon poured forth the loftiest wisdom this, too, was the pencil with which the great painter delineated human character, and pictured to us the story of our lives from year to year by this medium iytiltonjrevealed his high imaginings of more'tban ear hath ever heard or eye hath seen and in this mother tongue of ours Jeremy Taylor poured out his soul in deep devotion, and with such arousing eloquence indicated the ways; of God to man.

To its marvelous potency and energy is indebted science, art, commerce, and philosophy and, upon its extension aud triumph must mainly depend the hope of a universal civilization. And, how great are the claims of this language upon each of us individually, coniing to every succeedrng generation laden with augmented interest, and endeared by a thousand tender associations It should be venerated amongst our first benefactors. As the awakener of thought as the great bbnd and medium of commumcatibn with Jjie micror in which our own nature is reflected, an4 without, whioh we oannot oommuhe even with ourselves and as tho imago in which infinite wisdom is te-VealecV we should regard it 'with filial reverence, and pre-servo'it with solicitous care; Let it be our duty, then, so to regard this noble heritage, and by our influence, pre-ca aadeiarapIej Jct 'is endeavour, to hand-it down to those who shall come after us not less pure, not less worthy the pride of nur children, than it was when we received it fronva brave4; and an -immortal ancestry. At the conclusion of the' eyyebue, Mr. Burton, whb; o66u-piodihe expressed the thanks of the auditory to fe.Jsh-fohisjnstrnctwe MP6 wSaamiais- '-i lie idistreas in the im'etropolis oimtinHes toca fearful exi tent bread in Whit9ohapel.