The Newcastle Weekly Courant from Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, England • 2

l'HE NEWCASTLE COURANT, FRIDAY, JULY 13, 1883. 2 A Medium of Intercommunication for Antiquaries, Bibliographers, latere? Men, Artists, and General Readers on matters relating to tee North ot England. the. whole of England. Yon eommand a view an the rigb.4 and the left of some sixty milee or more weat, to the vary towers of York Minster, and the great plain wherein it stands and where so many battles have been fought rem Stamford Bridge is the days of Harold down to Marston Moor in 1644.

It was, then, on this high station where Mary was overtaken, if we may the.local tradition, and brought back to Bolton Castle. Her- apartments there are still pointed out. asat Carlisle, but nothing more'beyond that and ber arrest oa the Shawl can I find ia the districr, which in any way refers to her. She left Bolton 0astl6 in the depth of winter, Jan. 26, 1568, O.S., and could not have travelled had not the Bishop of Durham sent Sir F.

Knollys sixteen horses. Here I zanst leave her as coming no more within the purview of my papers. The amendment wag negatived by 135 against 18. and the clause was agreed to; aa alio were clauses up to 55 in-eluehre. On clause 6St wbich applies the bill to Ireland, a division was demanded by tbe Irish rnembers, with the following result: For the clause, 185; against, 6.

Oa clause 67, wbich prdvides that the bill whea passed into an Aot shall continue in force util 31st December, 1884, Mz E. NOEL rsoved as as amendment that the year 18S8 be substituted for 1884. After further discussion, the amendment was, bylleave, withdrawn, and the clause, which was the last in the bill, was agreed to amid general cheering. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL then moved the insertion of a new olause after clause 16, enabling the election court make a report exonerating a candidate from the consequences of corrupt and illegal practices by his agents in cases where it was shown that no corrupt practice was cornel tted by or with the knowledge and consent of the candidate or bis election agent; that each had taken all reasonable means for preventing such corrupt practices; tbat the offence was committed contrary to their orders, and without their knowledge or connivance; tint the offences were of a trivial, unimportant, and limited character; and that, in all other respects, the election was free from corrupt or illegal practices on their part. Mr LABOUCHERE moved as an amendment to the clause the omission of the words, treating and undue influence," in order to insert the words, "corrupt practices;" so that the report made by the Court might include bribery and personations as well as treating and undue influence, Mr JESSE COLLINGS strongly opposed the amendment, which was withdrawn.

Mr LABOUCHERE t-ben moved a further amendment, rr.akiDg ihe clause applicable to bribery as well as to treating and undue influence. On a division, the amendment was negatived by 175 against 115, and tbe clause was added to the bill. Tbo ATTORNEY GENERAL then moved to insert a clauae nrovidine tbat it should be an illesral riractice to let. this latter being the last person who died by beheJal ia Englsnd 5 Drowning was a common mode of punishment among many nations of antiquity. It has but reoently ceased as a legal method of capital punishment in Europe, and it ia probable that it is still In use in other parts of the world.

Taoitus, who died about 117, says that the Germans hanged their greater criminals, but that meaner and more infamous offenders were plunged under hurdles iato bogs and fens. One of the laws of the ancient Burgiindian'i was that a faithless wife should be smothered ia mud. A parricide in ancient times was put into a sack and thrown into the sea. The codes of the Anglo-Saxons ordered that womea. who were oonvioted of theft should be drowned; and for a long period into the middle ages the capital jurisdiction to the barons and others was given cum fossa st furca, that is, with a 'drowning pit Sfii gallows.

Drowning was a military punishment or King Richard of the Lion Heart, who ordained by a charter that it should be the doom of any soldier ot his army who killed a fellow-crasader during the passage to the Holy Land. It was not unfre quently warded as a matter of leniency, and as a commutation of what were considered more severe forms of death. Such a ease is on record for Scotland, in 1556, when a man who hid been found guilty of theft and sacrilege was ordered to be put to death by drowning, "by the Queen's special grace." The punishment in England had become obsolete by about the beginning of the 17th At Edinburgh, in 1611, a man was drowned for stealing a lamb; and the custom prevailed in Scotland, in one part or another, until 16S5. The last execution by drowning in Switzerland took place in 1652, 'in Austria in 1776, in Iceland in 1777, and in Russia about the beginning of the 17th century. It was revived, with various horrible details, by Carrier during the French Revolution in 1793.

Boiling to death was a legal punishment of olden time, though instances of its exercise are not so frequent in the annals of crime as many other manners of putting to death. By an Act passed in the reign of Henry VIII. (1531), cap. 9, it was the fate set aside for the punishment of poisoners. This Act details the case of one Richard Roose or Coke, a cook in the diocese of the Bishop of Rochester, who had by putting poison in the food of several persons occasioned the death of two and the serious illness of others.

He was found guilty of treason and sentenced to be boiled to death without benefit of clergy, that is, that no abatement of sentence was to be made on account of his ecclesiastical connection, nor to be allowed any indemnity such as was commonly the privilege of clerical offenders. He was brought to punishment at Smithfield, 15th of 4pril, 1532; and the Act ordained that all manner of poisoning should meet with the same doom henceforth. Margaret Dany was the next perison subject to this horrible mode of death; she was a maidservant, who had poisoned three families in which she had lived. She likewise perished at Smithfield the 17th March, 1542. The punishment had been common both in England and on the Continent before its precise enforcement by Henry's Act, which was repealed by the I.

Edward, cap. 12, sec. 11 (1547). It has frequent mention as a punishment for coining. The chronicle of the Gray Friars of London (published by the Camden Society) has an account of a case at Smithfield, in which a man was fastened to a chain and let down into the boiling water several times until he was dead.

We reserve for a future chapter notes on other modes of execution, including hanging, pressing to death, THE BEWICKS. u. In 1836 the Rev Thomas EregnaH Dibdiu, a noted Bibliomaniac, paid a visit to Sir Hedworth Williamson at Whitburn, He gives the following account of part of his travels to Gateshead The rector (the Eev John Collin-son) took me to pay my respects to the Bewick family, living in a comfortable house in a retired and airy street (West Street) at the distance of some three hundred yards (from the old Rectory House in Oakwellgate). Of the family of this most extraordinary artist, Thomas Bewiok, I saw one son and two daughters, with oae of the latter of whom I entered into a long and very interesting conversation. The portrait of her father of which engravings are everywhere, in almost every form and size) by Good, was hanging over the fireplace, full of character, but as it sfemed to me of too severe individuality.

Miss Bewick was as intelligent as oourteous; and within twenty minutes she displayed to ua all the mysteries of her father's craft his unfinished and finished blocks; and from all those oollected evidences, together with the imperishable works whioh have issued from his hands. I was deeply struck with the at-taiments of the deceased. His birds are his masterpieces and for an obvious reason. The beasts display as much cleverness -and knowledge of art but the animal itself is not so favourable for the development of the peculiar charm of wood cutting. His fishes are yet in embryo but the artist has left specimens euough behird him to encourage any spirited bookseller (why does the enterprise of Mr Charnley sleep?) to undertake its publication.

I should not be surprised if the lack of spirit in this country induced some shrewd American bookseller to announce to the world that the fishes of Bewick bad become his property. Slay every success attend it The Northumbrians are -justly proud of the name of this great artist; and his marble bust, with the exact representation of his upper habiliments, is placed in the great publio room or library of Newcastle. Mr Adarason observed to me that it was 'the man ad Mr Charnley was uite sure he was going to speak and make some proposal for 'anew edition of his But why don't you think of his fishes, good Mr Charnley Much, sir, must depend upon the quantity of sauce that will be required with It seemed to me that Mr Adamson betrayed something like a half suppressed sigh at not having let off this pun good or bad as it may No complete collection of his works or relics of his unfinished ones have ever been published. It is true there were numerous short sketches of his life and criticisms on his works issued in scientific magazines, and in the local press by his friends, Mr Dovaston, Mr George O. Atkinson, and others.

In 1S62, Miss Jane Bewick, (Bewick's eldest daughter) published from the press of her relative, Mr Robert Waid of Newcastle, "a Memoir of Thomas Bewick, written By himself, embellished by numerous wood engravings, designed and engraved by the author for a work on British Fishe3, and never before published." This most interesting autobiography is addressed by the author to "My dear Jane," dated "Tyneraouth, November, 1822." It ws written at that lady's request. The writer commences his memoir with the affectionate words "It is in compliance with your wish that I have, after much hesitation and delay, made up my mind to give you some accountjof rr.y life, as it may, at a future day, amuse you and your brother and sisters in your passage through the crooked as well as the pleasant paths of the world." On the 5th August, 1877, Mr Thoma3 Dixon of Sunderland, an enthusiastic admirer of Bewick's works, wrote to the writer respecting the original drawings and blocks in the possession of the Misses Bewick as follows: "I have long been trying to procure a block of his (Thos. Bewick's) for Mr Ruskiu, but I could not induce them to sell me one. I also wanted to have some ol his water-colour sketohes, but I failed to procure any ot thera. Sidney Colvin of the University of Cambridge got one frame of water-colours, the other frame was sent to the British Museum, with a fine large folio volume of fine proof impressions of nearlvallof his wood blocks arranged in some order, so far as his daughter (Jane Bewick's) knowledge enabled her to do it." Mr Thos.

Dixon did good service to Mr Buskin ia his correspondence with him as to Bewick's works, previous to his (Ruskin'a) issuing "Flors Adriana or Book of Engraving." The Bewick Exhibition in London, in November, 1880, so highly praised by Mr Ruskiu, and to which the Misses Bewick sent on loan a number of original drawings and fine engravings by their father, drew a national interest to the restorer of wood engraving, and considering the great age of the Misses Bewick, anxiety was expressed as to the future custody of the works in their hands. They then contemplated to present them to the nation through the British Museum. Newcastle, the town in.which Bewick earned his never-dying fame, yearned to possess these art treasures. The Art Journal had the following paragraph: "The recent appreciation in London of Bewick's drawings, a3 shown by the criticisms of the press respecting, and the attendance of the public at, the Exhibition held there last autumn, has at length induced in the canny Newcastle people a belief that they have a genius in their fellow-townsman. As a consequence a memorial has been signed by every notability in the town and district, asking the Misses Bewick to rescind the intended bequest of their father's works to the British Museum, and hand them over to the town.

As ebullitions of this kind oftentimes cool down as quickly as they have boiled up, we fervently hope that the adviser of these ladies will succeed in holding them fast to their original intention of bequeathing them to the nation," In July. 1SS2- the following ttarasTAnh ftmcnTfld in tTiu tbe rest of tbe pilotage dues to be similarly remitted tbe profits as above are 29 per the transit dces of i francs per to to be reduced by 50 centimes to 9 francs centimes. After tbe profits as above are 274 per cen furtber50 centimes to be 'taken off. After the profits 4 above are 30 per a further 50 centimes to be takes For every additional 3 per cent, distributed profits fi centimes to bo taken off to a minimum of 5 francs per 4. No two reductions of pHotage or transit dues to ttf p'ace in the same ysax 8 6.

If the distributed profits sbnuld fall off, an increase nf tranfit dues to take place according to the same soakh; no two increases to take place in one year. 6. On the first occasion of a vacancy one of the Eaeliai directors to be nominated by the president for election vice-president, and thereafter one of tne English dircti! to be always a vice-president. 7. The English dirsctor now acting as.

hon. of the Committee of Direction to become a reij member when vacancies permit, aad thereafter oae tbe English members to be always a member oE the mittee. w- 8. Two of tbe English directors to be always members nf the Commission des Finances. 9.

An English officer, selected by Her Majesty's G3ve raent, to be appointed by the board "laspetear le Navigation." His functions to be determined ia agree-me with the English directors. at 10. The company to engage in future a fair proportion of English pilots. oi 11. Her Majesty's Government to use their good o3ces obtain the necessary concessions, (a) For the land requipj for the new caDal and its approaches (b) fyr the Swe Water Canal between Isnoalia and Port Said, on the basi! already accepted by Her Majesty's Go vernment (o) forthe extension of the term of the original concession for so rcinv years as will make a new term of 99 years from the date of tbe completion of the second canaL In consideriitio; such extension the company to pay annually from the mencement of the new term of 99 years to the Eyptij.

Treasury 1 per cent, of the total net profits after statutory reserve. 12. Her Majesty's Government to lend to the coananv by instalments as required for the construction of wo'ks, including the Sweet Water Canal, net more thaa 8,000,000 at 3- per cent, interest, or a sinking fund cal. culated to repay tbe capital in 50 -ears. Such sinkia fund not to commence until after the completion of tt works.

13. Tbese heads of Egreement to be at once commuaict tej to the House of Commons. They will be developed in fug detail iu a resolution of the Council of Administration 0f tbe Company, tbe terms of which will have been settled jj, accord witlL Her Majesty's Government. Tliat resoluri will be communicated to Her Majesty's Government "ar formal acceptance. The agreement, however, and the ceptance of tbe resolution, will have no effect uatii necessary authority has been obtained from Parliament Mr GLADSTONE, in reply to Mr Bourke, could a-answer specifically at the moment the questions of tS right hon.

gentleman. So far as he could gather purport of them, some related to matters which wl-j germane to the agreement that had been previoiv formed, and three or them related to high of policy connected with the general efficiency of th canal. So far as regarded the questions of high it was quite obvious, be thought, that they shouli i'uvl communication with tbe Secretary of State before attest ing to answer them. But aB regarded tbe question rs'ati'u" to the position of the canal be was able to say that reversion of tbe canal to the Egyptian Government remain unchanged under the present agreement, an tha; the domicile of the canal would continue to be in Paris aj it was at the present time, with enlarged arrangements as to the introduction of the British element into the Tn. mcnt.

Mr CHILDERS, in reply to Mr C. M. Palmer, saia to have a Board sitting in London to attend to Eogliai 'I. terests would beattended with much inconvenience-. tV construction of the new canal would be settlerl in -r mr-nt with the British directors, one of whom Was a diVtisi guished engineer.

THE STATE OF PUBLIC BCSISESS. Mr GLADSTONE, pursuart to a notice, moved that the. remainder of the Session orders of the dav have cedence of notices of motions on Tuesdays, Goverunie" orders having priority, and that Governmsnt orders 1 priority this day and every succeeding Wednesday. Mr FRY expressed a hope that the Government woili next year takS eare to give the House full opportunity for dealing with the Sunday Closing Bills, which it appeared were to be passed over this Session. Mr LOWTHER wished to know whether any represent tions had been made to Her Majesty's Government "bt foreign Powers as to the alleged laxity of the British regdi.

tions respecting quarantine and other precautions against the importation of cholera into Europe. Mr JOSEPH COWEN pointed out that during the pis; three Sessions the House bad sat for 3,500 hours, of whia private members bad only appropriated the r'i; being taken up with Government business. He com. plainedthat much time had been wasted by counts oji, for four of which he held the Government responsible, urged tbat some means should be devised by which -bis waste could be avoided. One mode would be to limit number of Government bills, so that it would not be necessary to throw overboard at the end of the Session measures to which the House had devoted much time and labour.

Sir NORTHCOTE thought the discussions in tha; House as to waste of time were not a little edifying a these outside. He was bound to say that while a good deal of time was lost under circumstances that were us favourable, a great deal of time wa3 thrown away nj. necessarily. A good deal of blame was due to the Govern. ment for the lax way in which tbe bills they broaa: forward were managed.

This was the third general dis-cuBsion the House had entered upon with regard to this subject, and he thought that much time would be sared if tbe Government would make up their minds as to wait it was they really intended to go on with, and what it ws tbey were prepared to sacrifice. JIr GLADSTONE said thel right hon. gentleman (the leader of the Opposition), who deprecated the wrangles oi the House, had himself been gtiilty of the very fad: hs bad condemned. He (Mr Gladstone) would remici tie House of tbe great increase that bad taken place in its business, and the extraordinary demands made on its time, and stated, with regard to the question of Suppir that the Government had endeavoured to utilise tbe time at their disposal in the best manner they were abie. He regretted the fact that on several Fridays the House hid been counted out, but on the occasions referred to the apportion of members present was largely in favour "tit Government.

The House, however, must recognise the extreme severity of the labour the House had to perform, and to take this fact- into due account. As to the way a which the time ot tbe House had been consumed by particular measures, it should be remembered that one forcniges bad been taken up by the debate on the Address, and another by the discussion on the Affirmation Bill. He wished to impress on the House the fact that if the indefinite period bestowed on the Address were to harden istt custom, the loss thus incurred would not only be serious, bat must be paid for out of tbe latter part of the Session. regard to Government bills, he denied that the statement he had recently made on the subject bad been indefinite. He had stated the measures the Government hoped to be able to press to a conclusion and those that could not be further proceeded with this Session.

As to the apprehended importation of cholera into Europe, he hid to state, in reply to Mr Lowther, that Her Government had received no remonstrances from foreig Governments on the subject. No quarantine had ieea established in this country for the purpose of esctadic: cholera since 1832, and the reason had been that tha: pre cedure was found to have been perfectly useless. Mr J. C. STEVENSON complained that Eer Majetfs Government had done nothing to assist the temperance movement, and stated that their apathy in this matter had caused great disappointment and dissatisfaction thronhoB! the country.

In his opinion, hon. members interested it-that movement, most of them sitting on the Ministerial side of the House, would be more likely to eet what tcer wanted if they were sitting on the Opposition benches. Mr Onslow and Sir H. D. Wolff asked the Governaes! to fix an early day for the discussion of the Suez Canal pro House in possession of this information.

Her Majesty's Government have on mori) than one occasion, and in mere, tban one form, suggested to the House the diSeceat means in which tbey have thought that an escape was to be found from tbe difficulties attending this subject; but our recommendations have not received the approval of the House, and therefore it will rest with those who have advised the House before, and whoie advice has been accepted by the Houte; to act upon the nformatioc I have given. Sir S. NORTHCOTE The concluding observations of the right honourable gentleman render it necessary for me to call the attention of the House very shortly to the position in which we stand. Of course, I do not now ask the House to re-open the question as to the propriety of Mr Bradlaugh being allowed to go through the form of taking the oath or not. That is a point whioh the House very recer-tly decided by a majority.

But I wish to call the attention of the House to the fact that from this letter we are led to infer that it is Mr Bradlaagh's intention, at such time as he may select, to come before the House, and by some action on his part endeavour to over-ride the decision to which the House then came some weeks ago. We may understand that his intention is to come before the House, as he did two years ago, and to administer the oath to himself in the manner he did oa that occasion. It is impossible to suppose that the great bulk of the members of the House shall be in attendance at all times when Mr Bradlaugh presents himself, and therefore I see no alternative but to make the same motion which I made two years ago, which protects the House from the intrusion of Mr Bradlaugh. until we have an assurance that be has no intention of presenting himself to take the oath. Therefore, in the spirit of what I may call self-defence on the part of the House, and for the sake of the preservation of order, which, I think, should not be disturbed, I will make the motion that The 3ergeant-at-Arms do remove Mr Bradlaugh from the House until he engage not further to disturb the proceedings of the House." The words are the same as on the former resolution.

It will be recollected that some question was raised as to the term "precincts" of the House, but the House maintained that the Speaker and the officials were justified in putting on that phrase which I hpve now used the interpretation which it was intended to bear, and in excluding Mr Brae laugh from the precincts of the House. Mr LABOUCHERE: Is the right hon. baronet in order? The SPEAKER: The right hon. baronet makes the motion on the ground that it is a question of privilege. The member for Northampton declares that it is his intention to disregard the orders of the House.

There is no question that tbat raise a qneotion of privilege. Sir S. NORTHCOTE: Are you satisfied, sir, that it is not necessary. to use the word "precincts?" The SPEAKER: On a. former occasion when a simiLar resolution was passed by the House, Mr 3radtaush attempted to force himself within the doors of the House.

I took it then on myself to give directions that he should be excluded by force. The House approved of that proceeding, and, therefore, I assume that if it becomes necessary to use foice on a future occasion, the House will support me in that course. Mr LABOUCHERE: I am one of those who believe that a member elented by any constituency obtains from that constituency the right to take the oath at the table. I shall, under the circumstances, feel it my duty to take a division. Mr GLADSTONE I do not feel it my province to criticise the measures whioh the right hon.

gentleman opposite may think necessary for giving effect to tbe vote of the majority. But I do feel it my province to make an appeal to tLe member for Northampton (Mr Labouchere), and to express a hope that he will not divide the Hou3e. The course now proposed is a necessary consequence of the steps taken by the House on a former occasion, and.though I was not a party to thai procedure, I must deprecate any further action that would interfere with the time of the House, (Hear, hear.) Sir W. LAWSON said that thoBe who sat near him were as anxious as the Prime Minister to save the time of the House, but they believed this was a motion on which they should divide. They considered the course taken by the House te be illegal and unconstitutional On that ground, he was sorry to say, some of thera would be obliged to divide the House.

The House then divided, with the following result: For the motion 232 Against (55 Majority for 167 The announcement was received with loud Opposition cheers. Earl Percy and Sir White Ridley voted in the majority on Monday in favour of Sir Stafford Northcote's motion to exclude Mr Bradlaugh from the House until he shall engage not further to disturb its proceedings. The local members who voted against the' motion were Messrs Burt, Cowen, James, Morley, Richardson, Smith, Storey, and Thompson. GOVEBN1IENT BILLS STATEMENT BY THE PBEMIEB. Mr GLADSTONE rose, in redemption of his promise, to make as comprehensive a statement as possible in regard to the condition and prospects of the business of the Session.

Even if the House make considerable sacrifices, and use its best efforts for the despatoh of business, the Session could not reach any but a late termination, The bills which had gone through the Grand Committees, and tbe Corrupt Practices Bill, the Tenants' Compensation Bill for England, and-the Tenants' Compensation Bill for Scotland would, of course, be proceeded with, and it was thought of great importance to take the sense of the House upon the National Debt Bill, the differences of opinion in regard to which were, he believed, mainly of detail. It was proposed a so to proceed with the Medical Bill and the Local Government Bill for Scotland. Tbe Irish bills which it was proposed to go on with were the Registration of Voters Bill, the Poor Relief Bill, the Bill for the Reorgani-sation of the Police, and the Bill for the Promotion of Tramways in Ireland. The list of the bills the Government thought it their duty to the House at once to drop included the Floods Prevention Bill, the Ballot Continuance and Amendment Bill, the Charitable Trusts Bill, the bill relating to Scotch Universities, and the Representative Peera (Scotland) BilL They, with regret, considered it necessary to drop the bill for Police Superannuation, the Naval Discipline Bill, and the Irish Sunday Closing Bill, but hoped to re-introduce them early next Session. These were the eight bills the Government proposed at once to drop.

There were three other measures one which had not yet been introduced, and two others which had not made progress with regard to which they wished to suspend their judgment for ten days or a fortnight; and there were the Welsh Intermediate Education Bill, the Detention in Hospitals Bill, and the Criminal Law Amendment Bill. Experience had confirmed the favourable view which the Government entertained of Grand Committees as a means of expediting the business of the House, and they would deem it a breach of duty were they to allow the subject to drop, but they did not think the circumstances of the present time favourable for proposing a comprehensive scheme or a renewal of the experiment as it had been tried this Session. Some members had expressed a readiness to. concede to the Government tbe whole remaining time of the House, and they intended to ask for Tuesdays and Wednesdays till the end of the Session, bat not to interfere with private members' rights in the evening sittings on Fridays. They hoped, however, that independent members would be disposed to waive for the remainder of the Session pressing upon the consideration of the House the discussion of subjects which did not point to an immediate practical issue.

To-morrow evening private members' notices would not be interfered with, but on Wednesday he proposed to move that Government orders should have precedence on Tuesdays and Wednesdays durine the rest of the Session, On Thursday, as the first business, it was proposed to take some non-contentious Civil Service votes. On Monday the Navy Estimates would be taken, and on Tuesday it was proposed to devote the first portion of the evening to proceed with ihe Tenants Compensation Bill, assuming, as he hoped he might assume, that the Corrupt Practices Bill would have gone through Committee several d.iys before that; and at about 10 o'clock it was intended to break off the Committee on the Tenants Bill, in order to afford an opportunity for the continuation of the debate on the contribution from the Indian Exchequer to the warlike operations in Egypt. He moved the discharge of the order for the second reading of the Rivers Conservancy and Floods Prevention Bill. Sir S. NORTHCOTE could not say that the prospect was altogether a cheerful one.

He hoped the Prime Minister did not contemplate keeping in Session till the whole or the fourteen measures had passed, but that in another week or two he would have the courage io sacrifice a few more. At the end of a long discussion, hi the course of which Sir W. Lawson expressed his regret at the withdrawal of the Irish Sunday Closing Bill and a number of other members deplored the withdrawal of Ministerial measures in wbich they were interested, or the taking for Government business of time which would otherwise have been available for their own notices. Mr GLADSTONE promised to do the best he could to afford an opportunity for full discussion of the question of recruiting, and suggested that the subject of Irish emigration might be debated on the bill relating to tramways and light railways in Ireland. The orders tor tbe second reading of the Rivers Conservancy Bill and other bills were afterwards read and discharged, and the bills withdrawn.

COBBUPT PBACTICES BILL, It was not until near eight o'clock that ihe TTnn HOUSE OF LORDS. Friday. THE SSW HEBBIDE8. Viscount-SEDMOUTH wished to ask whether it was tene, ai stated in a telegram from Sydney, that the French, bad sent a war steamer to hoist the French in the New Hebrides. Earl GRANVILLE said it would be better that the noble viscount should give due notice, so that the requisite inquiries could be made, PABUAHEKTABY OFFICES.

The Earl of CAMPERDOWN moved for a Select Csm-mittee on the offices of the Clerk of the Parliaments and the Gentleman Usher of the'Biaok Rod, with the view of ascertaining whether the appointments in that' department or some of them might not in the future be conferred on persons who had served with distinction in the army, navy, or some department of tbe public service. Tbe Duke of CAMBRIDGE expressed his approval of the proposed recognition of the services rendered by these who had served in the army and iiavy. The motion was agreed to. Monday. 6HUE0H WOaSj AT HONO- STANLEY of ALDERLEY asked the Secretary far tfi'e Colonies whether he would accede to tbe petition of the inhabitants of Hong Kong praying tor the retention of the grant for the.

maintenance of the public worship of the Church of England? The Archbishop of CANTERBURY said the grant could, he presumed, only be withdrawn on the ground ef Imperial policy or a pressure from Hong Kong. The Earl of DERBY said he could not undertake to reconsider the decision of his predecessor two years ago. The Duke of BUCCLEUCH expressed his regret at the statement of the Colonial Secretary. THE MILITIA. The Earl of WEMYSS moved a resolution declaring having regard to the present detective military organisation, and to the great importance of the militia force, it was essential that the- militia should be forthwith recruited up to their established strength, and that the militia reserve should, as intended by its originator, the late General Peel, and aa recommended by the Militia Committee of 1877, be in excess of the militia established.

Lord BURY said it was of little use to deal with the Militia nntil they got the ranks full. The' question was entirely one of money, and it was because they were not sufficiently paid that the fuE number of men could not be got. The Earl of MORLEY denied that the army resources of the present day were less than in 1870, and asked whether it would have been possible in tbat year to have sent out, as the Government did last year, an army of 28,000 men. The War Office did not act without the advice of able and distinguished officers. At the present moment 'the effective strength of the militia force in England and Ireland numbered upwards of 105,000, a3 against 65,000 in 1870.

The length of training given to the militia had been increased from 14 days in 1868 to 56 days at the present time. The Earl of LONGFORD pointed out that the Irish militia were not trained in the years cited. Lord CRANEROOK defended his own administration at the War Office, and pointed out that when he succeeded Mr Cardwell he found a system established which he could not go back upon. The Duke of CAMBRIDGE said that nothing was worse in military matters than constant changes, aud of course the upshot of all these proposals was more money. With-, out this it would be impossible to make a large increase in our forces.

What he thought was wanted was free trade in enlistment, so that the men might enlist for longer or shorter periods as they might prefer, and this he thought would greatly help to meet the difficulty. The Earl of NORTHBROOK thanked Lord Cranbrook for the support he had tendered the Government. The Earl of WEMYSS having replied, The House divided with the following result: Contents 29 Non-contents 25 The motion was therefore agreed Tuesday, fawhbrokebs' bill On the report of amendments to the Pawnbrokers' Bill, The Marquess of SALISBURY, bearing in mind that the Government had had to abandon a number of their measures, wanted to know whether they could hold out any hope that this bill would be passed when it got to the other House. Otherwise, it would be useless to occupy more time about it. The Lord CHANCELLOR said it was very difficult to undertake to answer questions of that nature, but when tbe bill reached the other House the Government would have the means of forming their own opinion as to the time it was likely to occupy if it were persevered with.

It it was not likely to occupy a great deal of time, there was a fair prospect of its being passed into law this Session. Some verbal alterations were introduced, and the Bill was ordered for the third reading. DEFENCE OP THE eOLONIBS. Lord SIDMOUTH moved for tbe correspondence between Her Majesty's Government and tbe Australian or other colonies with reference to the formation of Colonial Naval forces. Lord LAMINGTON concurred in the view that it would be a wise and politic measure to aid the colonies in the establishment of an adequate naval force.

He inquired whether it was true that there was an understanding between the British and French Gevernments that neither should take possession of the New Hebrides. The Earl of DERBY apprehended there would be no difference of opinion in regard to the importance of our trade with the Australian colonies, but we could not possibly undertake to orotect everv point over our vastly extended colonial empire which might at any time be open to attack. The resources of no country in the world would be sufficient for a system of defence founded upon the principle of scattering forces in that way. Our principle must be to defend only such points as were vital, and to rely upon the general superiority of our naval force. The Earl of CARNARVON felt that too much credit could not be given to the Australian Colonies for the land fortifications they had provided; but they needed also floating defences, for the squadron on the station was sufficient for very little more than to discharge police duties.

The Earl of NORTHBROOK was satisfied that Sydney and tbe other Australian towna were thoroughly protected against any attack by a cruiser like the Alabama. The motion was negatived. HOUSE OT COMMONS. Feidat, COKBTJPT PBACTI0ES BILL. The consideration of the Parliamentary Elections (Corrupt and Illegal Practices) Bill in Committee was resumed, and the 32nd clause, which requires the registration office to make out a list of persons incapacitated for voting by corrupt or illegal practices, was agreed to without discussion.

The 33rd clause, which provides for notice to the returning officer of persons appointed as polling agents, clerks, or messengers, and for the prevention from voting of such as are paid for their services, was withdrawn, at the suggestion of Mr H. Smith, with the view of substituting a modified clause at a later stage. Clause 34, which fixes the time for the presentation of election petitions alleging illegal practices, was agreed to. On clause 35, providing for the withdrawal of election petititions, Mr LEWIS proposed that hard labour should not be added to the twelve months' imprisonment to which persons were made liable who entered into an agreement for the withdrawal of an election petition, in consideration of payment that the seat should at any time be vacated. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL assented, and the alteration was made.

The clause, as amended, was ordered to stand part of the bill, Clause "36, requiring the attendance of ihe director of public prosecutions or his assistant at the trial of election petitions, waB agreed to. On the 37th clause, which deals with the costs of election petitions, Mr H. H. FOWLER, in order to provide against the extravagant costs incurred under the present syBtem, proposed to add words to the effect that the costs of election petitions-ahould be taxed and paid on the same scale as costs in actions in the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court. The amendment, after some discussion, was agreed to.

Clause 40, which provides for the appointment of a Special Commissioner for tha trial of persons charged with corrupt or illegal practices, was negatived by 164 to 5, Progress was then reported, women's otffeage. On the motion for going into Committee of Supply, Mr MASON moved that, in the opinion of the House, a Parliamentary franchise should be extended to women who possess the qualifications which entitle men to vote, and who in all matters of local government have the right of voting. Baron H. DE WORMS seconded the resolution. The Houbo divided with the following result For the motion 1H Against 130 against 15 Monday, choleka is egtpt.

Lord E. FITZMAURICE, in reply to Sir H. D. Wolff, proposed to give a short summary of the information received from Sir E. Malet and Consul Cookson respecting the measures taken for preventing the spread of cholera in Egypt.

measures were under the control of the Central Government at Cairo. The sanitary board at Cairo, from the beginning of the outbreak, had sat every evening, in conjunction with the Minister of the Interior and General Baker. Sir E. Malet added that medioine and food had been supplied to the afflicted places, and expressed his opinion that tbe Egyptian Government had done all in its power to stamp out the disease. At Alexandria Consul Cookson stated that a commission had been formed to inspect nuisances and suggest sanitary measures, and he trusted thai good results would ensue from the appointment of a sub-committee, to which, at Mr Cookson's representation, great latitude of action had been granted.

A special British committee had also been formed to visit the houses of British and Maltese residents. At Alexandria tha affected houses were isolated by a cordon of police. With respect to the steps taken by Her Majesty's Government, a departmental committee had been appointed on cholera precautions by the President of the Local Government Board, and a competent medical authority connected with the India Office would be sent to Egypt. The Egyptian Government had been informed of the desire of B.er to afford them every assistance under the difficult task which tbey had to perform. MB HEBBEBT GLADSTONE'S SPEECH AT ACTON." LMr Tottenham and Mr Brodriek quoted extracts from Mr Herbert Gladstone's speech at Acton on the 4th, in.

which he was reported to have said that the Government "would be prepared to take up and amend the Land Act; and did this, it was asked, represent the view of Her Majesty's Government. -Mr GLADSTONE said the quotations were taken from a succinct account of the speech, hot a report of the speech itself. He learned from the hon. member for Leeds that the position he took in the speech was exactly that which had on several occasions been taken by tbe Government. Early last year he (Mr Gladstone) stated clearly and minutely and again this year that there were certain points in the Land Act it might be desirable to re-open.

Those were tbe date of judicial rents, certain proposals in relation to leases, and the third point had indeed been reopened by the House on the urgent representations of hoa. gentlemen opposite. It was in reference to these points that the hon. member for Leeds expressed a hope that Government would find time to take up the Land Bill again, Mr BRODRICK wished to know if the Junior Lord of tbe Treasury had authority to make known the views of the Government. Mr GLADSTONE said not the Junior Lord more than any other, but any member of the Government had a perfect right to make known what the Government and the Prime Minister had announced in the House.

(Hear, hear.) MR BBADLAUGH AHD THE HOUSE, Sir S. NORTHCOTE I wish to put a question to the right hon. gentleman opposite as to a letter which appears in severtl newspaperB this morning, purporting to be addressed by Mr Bradlaugh to the right hon. gentleman, in whioh Mr Bradlaugh informs him tbat it is his intention at an early dat6 to take his seat for the borough of Northampton, and intimates that in doing this he shall claim to disregard the orders of the House, made this Session, as being in the teeth of the law, and therefore null and void. I wish to ask whether he has received such a letter, and what course he proposes to take upon it, Mr GLADSTONE I received on Friday from Mr Bradlaugh a letter, which I presume is the same whiah.

ia printed in oae or more papers this morning. (The right hon, gentleman then read the letter, which has already appeared.) I am glad that the question of the right hon. gentleman has been put, because it gives me an opportunity of placing the NOTE, "A WINTER'S JOURNEY TO PREACH." The verses from a Courant of 1732, which appeared in the paper of the 15th June, gives an interesting picture of a Durham village church in the time of George II. It is easy to discern, under the nnm deplume of "Reedham," the old of Eillingham, about a mile from Norton, near fcaiOD-on-Tees. But happily in our day the ohuroh is in decent repair and state of cleanliness, and the singing is conducted in a reverent manner by a choir.

The sermons of the present highly respected incumbent, the Rev Philip Rudd, M.A., are neither "long or "dull," nor are they adapted or a Clodpate's skull," but are duly appreciated by an educated and intelligent congregation. The Swan Inn at Norton, where the preacher of 1732 regaled himself, is still in existence, and its hospitable doors are ever open by my worthy hostess, Mrs Catherine Denton at which inn the weary traveler from Billingharn over good macadamised roads (instead of the "marshy down" or watery may still enjoy his "loin of veal in lordly dish," or eggs and bacon the travellers wish. I have a lively reminiscence of visits in my childhood's days to Billingham'Church, some thirty-five years ago, to hear the wondrous bass fiddle and violins to lead the rustic choir in its psalmody. S. F.

LONGSTAWE. INQUIRIES. Holmes. This word i3 often found In place-names as in the "Thornaby Holmes "of Tennyson's "Northern "What is the original meaning? P. S.

Gallovgates and Gatxowhills. There are several places with these names in England and Scotland, generally in the suburbs, as at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, or on a mound or hill in the countiy. Were there particular reasons for the selection of such sites? A Readeb or iocb "Gibbet Lobe." Old Northumberland Familie3. How many of the old families of Northumberland, dating from the Conquest, have now living representatives? Ellex D. The Theathe Royal, Mosley Street.

"When did the last performance take place in this theatre, and what were the pieces performed G. E. S. L'kouxe peopose, majs Dietj disfose." Can any one tell me the author of this maxim Thomas it Kempis has, "Nam homo proponit, sed Deus disponit" (De Imit. Christi, lib.

i. c. ID, s. 2). The saying is, however, usually cited in French, as if of Gallic origin, as quoted by the writer last week of The Scropes of Danby." M.

E. A Bishop's Well, Gateshead. A well of this name is mentioned as being one much frequented, near the Windmill Hills, Gateshead. Has it been covered up What has become of the water supply? E. T.

Stkeatlam Castle. What is the origin of the term Streatlam? How old is the castle? Who was "old Sir William A Visitor to Streatlam. Biscoveriks in CHESTER-LE-SruuET Chl'rch. A notice has already appeared in your paper respecting the discoveries of Saxon stones in our church at Chester-le-Strset. I wish to draw the attention of antiquaries to one special point of interest in the one last discovered.

It is the shaft of a cross bearing a figure of a man on horseback, with a Pietish shield on his left arm above him are the heads of two dragons, and cut on their necks, which probably are intended to nterlace with each other, is the name A MTJ undoubtedly that of the Saxon King who is recorded to have stopped at the cathedral in this place on his way to fight against the Scots, and to have made rich presents to the shrine. But the peculiar part of the inscribed name is that the and are in Runic characters, the rest ttie letters being the ordinary Roman type. I should be glad to know if there are any other instances of this combination of the two. I have just been favoured by a visit from the Kev J. F.

Browne of St. Catherine's College, Cambridge, who has given his valuable help in explaining the inscription. William O. Blum, Rector of Cliester-le-Street. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS, Hotspur (Courant, June 15).

Hotspur's career was full of strange vicissitudes. There is reason to believe that he was disaffected during the closing years of the fourteenth century. From the day when at the age of twelve, he first spread his banner, under the command of his father at the siege of Berwick he became the object of Royal notice and favours, which ended in quarrels. In 13S5, he was appointed a Commissioner for guarding the marches towards Scotland, and by the end of that year he was constituted Governor of Berwick, and Warden of the Marches, and in performing the latter duty, by his activity and ardour, he acquired the name of Hotspur. He was then sent to Calais to defend it against the King of France, and he was in his twenty-first year made a i-night of the Garter, Already envy assailed him on account of his feats against the Scots, and to gratify it he was sent to sea when an invasion by France was threatened.

He fought at Otterburn, in his twenty-third year, was taken prisoner, hut ransomed. Again appointed Warden of the East Marches, he was afterwards employed in the French war, and returning to his own country in 1389, General Warden of the West and East Marches and Governor of Carlisle, and was also retained to serve the King, peace or war, during his whole life, for which he had a grant out of the Exchequer of 100 per annum. In 1392, being at Calais, he was appointed Governor of Bordeaux, but was sodu recalled to his duties at home. In 1394 he was commissioned, with his father and others, io conclude a truce with Scotland in the following year he was employed in France, and on his return his former appointments were renewed. In 1396 he accompanied the King to France, wheD, after a splendid interview near to Calais and Guisnes, between Charles VI.

and the TSing, the latter espoused the Princess Isabel. On his return, the King being informed that father and son had spoken disrespectfully of him, the former was summoned to London, but, declining to go, he was banished the realm. From thistime Hotspur seems to have felt aggrieved, and further ungrateful treatment increased his vexation, till it found vent in open rebellion. Hotspur's body was exhumed and infamously exposed by Henry and it is said by some that this was a providential retribution for a similar treatment by Hotspur of Sir William Stuart, of Forest, in Teviotdale, one of the quarters of whose body was exposed at York. L.

Howe. Local Scsdat Schools Courant, June 15). The first Sunday School in Newcastle was established by the Rev William Turner, in connection with the Hanover Square Sleeting House, at the close of the year 1TS4, about two years after the establishment of Sunday Schools by Robert Raikes of Gloucester. All Saints' Sunday School was the next; it was established in 1785, under rather peculiar circumstances. Mr Samuel Lawton.

an opulent wharfinger, struck by the neglected condition of the children at the east end of the town, canvassed the district about Sandgate, and gathered together a great number of children of both sexes but, owing to their poverty, and wretched clothing, few of them could attend on Sundays. This led to the adoption of a practice of furnishing such children with the loan of clothes, particularly pinafores and shoes and stockings, which were worn for the day, and afterwards deposited in large boxes kept for the purpose, until they were again required. In 17 87, the Byker Methodist Sunday School was established under John Wesley's influence. The next school was the Gateshead Fell Methodist, opened on January 4th, 1789, Samuel Barrass, the village schoolmaster, being superintendent, and John Gardener, John Cogden, and Samuel Stokoe, teachers. In the same year the Orphan House School, Northumberland Street, was opened.

The Postern Independent was opened in 1803; the Wallsend Methodist in 1804 St. Anthony's Methodist and Tuthill Stairs Baptist in 1807; New Road Methodist in 1814: Bridge Presbyterian, Elswick New Connexion, and Betfel in lSlo; Clavering Place and New Court Baptist in 1816; Gateshead Methodist in 1817; and Close Presbyterian in 1818. The Sunday School Union was formed in 1816. S. L.

The Cbathobnes of Cbathobne Courant, June 22). The name of this pretty little village on the Leven has been by Graves rather absurdly derived from crate, a crow, and thornti a thorn but there is no such remarkable development there of crows and thorns a3 to distinguish this place from any other in Cleveland, or any other district in England. The name is that of the ancient family who hefd Crathorne before the Conquest, and who doubtless gave their name to their lands. It was just as usual in ancient times for families to give their names to places as it was for them to take their names from places. In a note to an ancient pedigree of the Crathorne family, drawn out in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and once in the possession of Thomas Crathorne, it is said that "Humphrey de Crathorne held divers hydes of land in the lordship and towne of Baynarde (now called Craythorne, and lyinge on the water of Levene) of Waltheof, Earl of Northumberland; and that he mightilie resisted King William the Conqueror but through the great friendship of Eemigius, Bishop of Dorchester, he the said Humphrey afterwards won the King's favour, and had his lands restored to him, and he ihen named the said town Craythorne." Craythorne is in.

eluded in Domesday Book among the lands, where Ulf had 5 car. ad geldum, and land to 3 pi. of which the value was 20s, The family of Crathorne is the most ancient in direct descent of the landed proprietors of Cleveland. The Percys held lands here in the reign of Edward I. The Charter of William de Percy granting the chapel of Kildale and other gifts there to Helagh Priory, specifies also eight acres and one toft and croft (with all things be-longing to them in Crathorne, which Michael, rector cf Wellington, held of him "in omnibus et per omnia, sicut aupradictum est contra crones gentes warantizabamus, ac-qmetabimus, et descendemus imperpetuum." ThiB charter is signed before three witnesses, Radulfus, then prior of Guisborough Marmaduke de Thweng, Ada (de Baliol) of Stokesley, and otners Sir Ernold de Percy, knight, afterwards stipulated with the Prior and Convent that if they neglected to appoint a chaplain at when a vacancy Sl lnl Te a "gtt to distrain on their lands at Crathorne.

The latest purcnasers of the estate were the Dugdales of Burnley, Yorkshire. C. Johnson Tne ancient rectory formerly belonged to" Guisborough 2 wMeb rt i3 "ed was the gtft of William de Percy, confirmed by Peter de Brus: Eccle-siara de Crathorne, cum pertinontus suis, ex doao Wilhelmi lie Percy. The nght of presentation rested withGuis-borough Priory till the dissolution of the monasteries: latterly it has been vested in the Tasburghs of Bureh-wallis. Id the church is a vault containing the four last of the 'Crathornes.

It is thus described at the beginning of the burial register. The vault ot the Crathornes, made 1815 is on the north side of the chancel, being 14 feet long, 74 lect broad, and 6 feet 2 inches high in the centre, with ll steps into it and contaias on the right the remains of Thomas and Francis Crathorne, and on the left Geo. Crathorne Tasburgh, and Mary Augusta Rosalia Tas'-burgh." The chancel of the church was rebuilt in 18 44, A Gothic window at the east with one mullion, and two lancet windows on the south side, were put in at the same time. A. Bell.

Bboogling for Eels Courant, June 22), One authority say3 to broggle or to brogue meaus to fish for eels by troubling the water, because by so doing they are more easily taken." This is a mistake; to broggle means exactly the same as to sniggle, which is performed by a person wading in a river where the water is so much lower than ordinary that he can get a stick into the holes in the walls or quays in which water is left, and in which, when such is the case, eels generally remain. On the stick end is laid p. baited hook, the line attached to which is held in the hand ot the operator the stick being merely used for the proper introduction of the hook, and the eels, if there are any in the holes, speedily see daylight. R. Ellis.

Broggling is only another name for sniggling. The origin of both terms is obscure. The practice is well known but better known among the low lying lands and sluggish rivers of the south. Sniggling is largely practised in'the River Lea the "lucid Lea," anywhere between Ware and Blackwall, It was in my boyhood briskly followed by lads with bate feet in theOuseburn, nearthe Washing Tubs; but the eels I rather apprehend will now be as scarce there as the minnows and Tommy lodgers." Perhaps they may become numerous agaiD, when the sewage of Gosforth is diverted by the Corporation, to improve the Burn running through the extended park of Jesmond. Very ragged boys from Sandgate and New Road, with crooked pins for hooks, ard anything at all for rods and lines used to circumvent their wriggling quarry here, and go home with their small bottles full of I have forgotten the queer word used poking about for eels under the atones, M.

GREAT TRAVELLERS AND EXPLORERS. XXL JEALOUSY OF TBS VENETIANS, GEN0E3E, AND SPANIARDS. The short way of bringing the wealth of the Indies to Europe, discovered by the Portuguese explorers, was ruin to several flourishing towns. The round-about routes had been source of vast riches to some of the European, African, and Arabian Powers, As soon as the Portuguese effected through Gama's daring voyages a diversion of trade, those whose craft was in danger began to be alarmed. The success of De Gama's enterprise was seen by the Venetians, in all its ruinous consequences to their trade; and they made haste, if possible, to ward off a fatal blow to their opulence and power.

To them it appeared best to counteract it by instigating the Soudan of Egypt, who was also a loser by the discovery, to destroy this growing commerce in its infancy, by sending fleets by: way of the Red Sea to intercept the Poituguese vessels in the Indian Ocean. The Venetians, however, were not the only Power threatened by the Portuguese discoveries with a serious diminution of wealth and power. This will be more clearly, understood by a brief account of the trade routes and depots of the east before the "golden stream turned to enrich another." THE ANCIENT TRADE B00TE8, Before this time, the cloves of the Moluccas, the muscat of Banda, the sandalwood of Timor, the camphor of Boau'eo, the gold and silver of Lucon, with the gums, perfumes, and all the precious merchandise of China, Japan, and 'Siam, and of many other kingdoms, were brought from the general mart of Malacca, a city in the peninsula of the same name, supposed bysomfetobe.thegoldenChersonese of earlier times. Thence they were brought into the ports of the Red Sea, where they were sought for by the vessels of Western Europe. This trade was carried on almost entirely by barter, tha peoples of Asia having less need of silver arid gold than of foreign commodities.

Such were the sources which had enriched Calicut, Cambay, Ormuz, and Aden. In addition to this rich trade with Malacca, these cities dealt in rubies from Pegu, stuffs from Bengal, pearls from Kalekar, diamonds from Narsinga, cinnamon and rubies from Ceylon, andpepper, ginger, and other spices from the coasts of Malabar. From Ormuz the goods of India were transported by the Persian Gulf to Bafrab, at the mouth of the Euphrates, in order to be distributed by caravans to Armenia, Trebizonde, Aleppo, Damascus, and other cities. The Venetians, the Genoese, and the Catalonians sent vessels to receive these goods at Barut, or Beyrout, a port on the Syrian coast, GO miles W.N.W. of Damascus, and 57 miles north of Acre, a port which curiously enough is likely to be included iu the projected Dead Sea Canal through Palestine.

Goods which went the Red Sea were disembarked at Tor or Suez, which, after being almost discarded for centuries by tbe Cape route to India, has again been brought into prominence by the canal schemes of M. de Lesseps and others across the Isthmus. From these ports the goods went by caravan to Cairo, and thence by way of the Nile. The rest of the. route was easy to the port of Alexandria, where the final shipment took place on board of the ships bound for the various harbours of Europe.

No wonder, when so many cities, ports, states, and provinces were threatened with the extinction of their trade by this route, that they should open their eyes very wide as they saw by degrees their wealth slipping away into the hands of the Portuguese, The Soudan of Egypt was much perturbed at this prospect, and set himself, ia concert with the enemies of the Portuguese, to thwart the new route opened up by the skill and valour of Vasco de Gama, THE SOUDAN, THE MONKS OS SINAI, AND THE POPE, The Soudan of Egypt, the xxivth. of the race of the Mamelukes, was a brave aid politic monarch, who thought of a more effective way of opposing the Portuguese than by arms. Being able to enter in at will into any part of Syria, he gave out that he was about to destroy the holy places at Jerusalem, hoping to work upon the religious zeal of the Christians for these sacred spots, in order to gain his chief object, the ruin of the new commercial enterprise. At first he seemed to have guessed aright. 5ne monks of Mount Sinai were so alarmed at his threats that they proposed to go to Rome in order to solicit the good offices of the Papal Court.

This being exactly what the Soudan wished, he gave them letters to hi3 Holiness, in which he openly declared that his oaly motive for his attack upon the holy places was to take revenge for the ruin of the trade in his dominions. A monk named Maur carried these letters to Rome, from which place he was sent by the Pope to Lisbon, where full information had already been sent as to the aim of his journey. The answer returned deceived the expectations of the Soudan. The King of Portugal Emanuel wrote to the Pope that his chief intention in all his African and Indian discoveries, was to extend the Catholic faith and the jurisdiction of the Komish Church. The result was that the threats of the Soudan were disregarded; and this monarch, who began his, reign in 1500, was killed in 1516, in a battle near against Selim, Emperor of the Turks, just at the time when the Portuguese, by a succession of brilliant conquests in the Arabian, African, and Indian seas had risen to the highest summit of their commercial supremacy in the East.

ALMEIDE.AND ALBUQUEBQUE. The Portuguese were equal to the great struggle for wealth and power. Emanuel the King saw the vast importance of maintaining the ground had won. A resolution was at once taken to seize andfortify the various uoints necessary to be held to keep the new route free from molestation. The- fleets, and stations were at once strengthened and fortified.

For 8iis jgreat work the King selected two men exactly suited to such an arduous undertaking Don FrancoiB d'Almeide and Alphonso Albuquerque to whom he gave the command of the forces sent out to India. Don Francois sailed, with the title of Viceroy of India on March 5, 1507, with 22 vessels and 500 regular troops. Being scattered by a great storm, only eight vessels of this fleet arrived with the admiral at Quiloa, where a fort was speedily built. The scene of his exploits lay between Cape Guardafui, the easternmost point of Africa, and the Cape of Good Hope, its most southern extremity. Here tbe Arabs had at an early period made settlements at Sofala and other places, Spreading themselves towards the south, without daring to pass the Cape of Currents, which is the point opposed to the most south-easterly, part of Madagascar.

The Arabian Moore of Magadoxa ultimately became masters of Quiloa, Mombassa, Melinda, Pemba, Zanzibar, Monsia, Comoro, and many other places. Quiloa became their chief colony, and a sort of centre from which they threw out new colonies, especially upon the coast of Madagascar. It was in every -respect very much like a Portuguese city, with the royal palace, like a fort, at one side, and its gate Wait da the sea opposite the harbour where the Portuguese fleet cast anchor. Quiloa and Mombassa were speedily taken by Almeide, and strong forts were constructed at several other places, and, after, being well received at Cananor and spreading everywhere the terror of his name, Almeide arrived at Cochin, where he found the King hard pressed by the Samorin of Calicut. The Portuguese conqueror drove away the Indian Prince and restored the King of Cochin to his capital.

This service was rewarded with permission to the Portuguese to build a fort on an eminence which commanded the city, and, under pretence of punishing all who hart revolted from the King, the Portuguese went through the whole country, plundering every About this time Alphonso Albuquerque arrived with his forces; and several neighbouring princes were inclined to seek his alliance, which wa3 readily granted, and factories were in consequence built in their dominions, The King of Melinda, on the African coast, also sought Portuguese aid against the King of Mombassa and in the end both were subjugated. The Samorin of Calicut now sued for peace, which was hardly concluded when the Portuguese took two of his richest ships, and his application for redress was insolently refused. Shortly afterwards the two brothers, Alphonso and Francois, set sail for Europe with cargoes of enormous value. Francois parted company on the way, and was never heard of more; but Alphonso Albuquerque arrived safe at Lisbon greater in treasures and fame than any commander who ever sailed from Portugal. The King nobby rewarded him and other commanders for their exploits in India, and perceiving that hiB most inveterate enemies were the Mohammedans from Egypt and Arabia, he determined, if possible, to drive them from their three principal forts, Aden in Arabia, Ormuz on the Persian Gulf, and Malacca in the Straits of Singapore.

This plan was obviously essential to the maintenance of the traffic, which had been now opened up with such splendid results. It 13 a pity that it was executed with a ferocity that has left an Indelible stain upon the Portuguese name. The Moora of Aden, Socotra, and. Mozambique were a valiant and politic race, who, as we shall see, did not yield without a hard struggle their monopoly of centuries, and they were aided in their efforts by a league of other jealons Powers, formed for the express purpose of driving the Portuguese out of all their new settlements upon the African, Arabian, and Indian coasts, MARRIAGE OF TEE ARCHDEACON OF OF DURHAM AND MISS TEOMFSON. On Saturday, at 11 A.M., the marriage of the Ven, Henry William Watkins, D.D., Archdeacon and Canon of Durham, with Miss Kate Mary Margaret Thompson, elder daughter of Sir Henry Thompson, the eminent Burgeon, was celebrated in the Eoyal Chapel of the Savoy, in the presence of many relatives and friends.

The small ancient chapel was more than filled. Lord an I Lady Boyne, Lady Thompson (mother of the bride). Lady James, Lady Lawrence, Lady Paget, Lady Pease, Lady Jenner, the Right Hon, A. J. Beresford Hope, M.P,; Sir John and Lady Heron Maxwell, Lady Brassey, the Dean of Carlisle, Mrs Plumtre, Mrs Randall Davidson, Archdeacon Cheetham, Mrs Barry, Mrs Humphrey, Lady Mac-farren, Miss Olivia Sinclair of Ulbster, Canon Duckworth, Canon Alcock, Canon Blunt, Canon Carr, Rev T.

K. Cheyne, Rev E. Punchard, Rev R. Appleton, Rev A. S.

Wardroper, Rev F. Braithwaite, Rev Cotterill WanBtall, Rev F. Taylor, Rev W. H. Gibbons, Rev E.R.

Orger, Rev H. G. Savage, Rev J. Lintott, Rev Wilfrid Blunt, Rev G. W.

Darnell, Rev E. R. Holling, Mrs Cook, Miss Farrari, Miss Hollaender, Mrs Walter Brown, Mrs Shakespeare, Mrs E. Schuster, Mrs White Ooop6r, Mrs Sawtell, Mrs Gibbons, Mtb B. Baker, Mrs Pemberton, Mr and Mrs James Laing, Mrs D'Ogley, Mrs Humphrey.

Mrs Sheepshanks, Mrs Blunt, Mrs Sheffield Neave; MrsMbrier Neave, Mrs Alfred Barry, Dr Bradford, Dr Lockie Dr Tirand, Mr J. W. Cunningham, Mr Arthur Mills, M.P., Mr and Mrs Alma Tadema, Miss Swannick, Mrs Francis Jeune. and other intimate personal friends-Vere among those assembled upon the happy occasion. Archdeacon Watkins was accompanied to the altar by the Rev Wm.

Macdonald Sinclair, vicar of St. Stephen's, and chaplain to the Bishop of London. The bride was attended by her only sister, Miss Helen Edith Thompson, as bridesmaid. The officiating clergy were the Lord Bishop of Durham, the Very Rev the Dean of Wells, the Very Rev Dean of Windsor, the Rev Canon Barry, Principal of King's College, and the Rev Henry White, chaplain of the Savoy. The bride wai given away by her father.

By special desire the wedding was of the quietest description, consistent with the presence of a large number of friends, in order to emphasise as muoh as possible the religious character ot the event. The most intimate relations and friends met earlier in the morning for a celebration of Holy Communion at the Parish Church of St. Marylebone, where the Rev Canon Barker officiated. The service was choral, and an address was delivered by Canon Barry before the benediction by the Bishop, which concluded the service." The bride dress was of pearl grey cashmere with bohiiet to match, and her one bridesmaid wore cream-white cashmere plentifully trimmed with gold-coloured satin, and sSsaw hat withgoldfeatherto correspond. There was no wedding break-fast, the Ven Archdeaconand Mrs Watkins leaving by the 1240 train for Folkestone, en route for the Continent.

The bride travelled in the same simple dress in which she was married. Throat lERmTiOM and Cough. Soreness and dryness tiokbng and irritation, inducing cough and affecting the voi For these Bymptoms use Epps's Glycerine Jujubes In eeataci with the glands at the moment they are excited by the. act of sucking, the Glycerine ijn these agreeable confections becomes actively healing. Sold only in boxes, tins, Is.

lw labelled "Jamis Epps's and. Homoeopathic Chemirts' London. A letter received Gentleman, It may, perhata interest you to know tbat, after an extended trial. I hafe louM your Glycerine Jujubes of considerable benefit (witk or without medical treatment) in almost all forms of throat diseases Thev soften and clear tbe voice. Yoiirs faithfully, Gordon Homes M.D., Senior Physician to the Municipal Throat and Bar iS' finaary." lend, employ, or hire for the conveyance of voters, or nacuney carnages, nor animals used, tor drawing tee same, with the proviso tbat nothing in the clause should event an elector hiring a carriage for bis own conveyance to the poll.

On a division the clause was carried by 173 against 89. Progress was then reported. CATTLE DISEASE DEFEAT OF THE GOV3BNMENT. Mr CHAPLIN called attention to the continued importation into England of foreign live animals suffering from contagious disease, and to the recommendations contained in tbe report of the Royal Commission on agriculture with regard to the landing of foreign live animals in future, with a view of moving that the House desired to urge on the Government tbe importance of taking effectual measures for the suppression of foot-aDd-mouth disease throughout the United Kingdom, and was of opinion that while, for this purpose, it was necessary that adequate restrictions under the powers vested in the Privy Council should bs imposed on the movements and transit of cattle at home, it was even more important, with a view to its permanent extinction, that the landing of foreign live ai.imais should not be permitted ia. future from any countries as to which the Privy 'Council were not satisfied that the laws thereof relating to the importation and exportation of animals, and to the prevention of the introduction or spreading of disease and ths general sanitary condition of animals therein, were such as to afford reasonable security against the importation of animate which ware diseased.

The hon. gentleman contended that the whole of tbe losses from foot-and-mouth disease sinoe September, 1880, was to be traced to the introduction of foreign live animals into England; that so long as the importation was permitted we never could hope to be free from that disease; that it was the duty of the Government tc take whatever steps they could to effectually eradicate the disease from the country by enforcing adequate restrictions, so as to stamp it out, as it had been stamped out before; and to prohibit the landing of foreign live animals lorn any country infected with the disease. In taking this course he argued that Her Majesty's Government would be acting in accordance with tbe best interests, not only of the producers, but also oi the consumers in this kingdom. He disputed the contention that this disease was indigenous, and quoted various authorities to show that it had constantly been traced to animals introduced from abroad. He also denied that the effect of his motion, if carried, would be enormously to increase the price of meat, Smd he weat into, statistics to show that while the animal conBuVmpiiott of home grown meat was something like 11,750,000 tons, the Quantity ioapoited was only 105.000 tons, the dead meat importations amounting to 204,666 tons.

The effects of the disease he described as having materially affected the productive power of the United Kingdom, both as to meat and milk, and produced an enormous amount of loss. He urged that the Government were bound, under the circumstances, to exercise the discretionary power they possessed of prohibiting the landing of live animals from every country in which the disease existed. This had been done in France, Why should it not be done in the case of other countries? He believed the present high price of meat was mainly due to the decrease of the home stock, owing, in a large measure, to the foot-and-mouth disease brought hither from abroad, and to the cattle plague of 20 years ago, from which the home trade had never properly recovered. It was for the Government to take steps that would enable the home supply to be increased. Colonel KINGSCOTE seconded the motion.

All that was asked of the Government was not to shut the stable door after the steed was stolen, but to take due precautions against the loss that might otherwise be incurred. Foreign countries knew how to protect themselves against the importation of disease from which they were likely to become sufferers; and the Americans had only lately adopted stringent precautions which this country might well copy. In supporting the motion he felt that he was speaking in the interests of the consumer as well as of the agriculturist. Mr A. ARNOLD moved as an amendment that the recent prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease called for continued and vigilant exercise on the part of the Government the powers entrusted to it, not only with reference to tbe movement of live animals at home, but in regard to the importation from abroad; but tbe House did not consider it necessary, tinder present circumstances, to make further provision by legislation oa the subject.

Mr GILES seconded the amendment, on tbe ground that tbe motion was one which oould not practically be carried out, inasmuch as absolute security against disease wa3 im-)ossible. Mr BARCLAY argued that, under all the circumstances, the best course to adopt would be to appoint a Select Committee to inquire into the working of the Contagious Diseases (Animals) Acts, and as to whether it was possible to take further steps for preventing the introduction of contagious diseases from abroad, without unduly interfering with the supply of food; and whether the provisions for preventing the spread of disease could bs made more effective. Mr MUNDELLA, speaking on behalf of the Government, denied that the Privy Council or the present Administra-tion had neglected the interests of agriculture, and quoted from the Duke of Richmond and others in proof of this statement. The Government had had toenforce restrictions without- suspicion as to their motives, because it was known that tbey bad done it solely for the prevention of disease: and the Acts, as they bad hitherto enforced them, had prac tically extirpated pleuro-pneumonia, which was one of the most fatal diseases known among cattle, by reducing it more tban 75 per while rinderpest and sheep-pox had been absolutely nil since the Act of 1S78, and foot-and-mouth disease had been kept within reasonable limits. He could not believe that the House meant to pass a resolution of the kind then before it without inquiry.

As to the motion before it, he put it to the House that it was not on the lines of the Act, but went entirely contrary to the Act, which did not enable the Privy Council to exclude all irrportations. The House divided with the following result For Mr Chaplin's motion 200 Against 192 Majority for 8 The announcement of the numbers was received with Opposition cheers. In the division on Mr Chaplin's motion the majority in favour of the motion consisted of Conservative and Irish members and the following Liberals: Sir A. A. Gordon, Messrs Borlase, Gurdon, Heneage, Wiggin, Pogh, Portman Duckham, G.

Howard, J. Howard, Craig, MacLagan, G. W. Hastings. Tellers: For the ayes, Chaplin and Colonel KiDgscote; for the noes, Mr James Barclay and Mr Giles.

There was loud and protracted Conservative cheering when tbe numbers were announced. Sir Stafford Northcote congratulated Mr Chaplin on his success. The minority numbered 152. Wedotsbay. FEANCE AND MADAGASCAR.

Sir S. NORTHCOTE said: I wish to put a question to the right hon. gentleman, of which I have given him private notice. A report has reached me tbat some occurrences ba7e taken place in Madagascar. I do not wish, in the present state of my information, to put the question in any form that would be calculated to give colour to the renort, but I merely wish to ask the Government whether they have any information on the subject, (Hear, hear.) Mr GLADSTONE We have received within th hours telegraphic information from Zanzibar and Madagascar with regard to occurrences in Madagascar, which is not complete, but of wbich I will endeavour to state the substance.

The House has, I believe, already been made aware, by my hon. friend the Under-Secretary (Lord Fitz-maurice), that Tamatave was occupied by the French oa the 16th of June. A state of siege was proclaimed there. The British Consul was, unhappily, at the time very ill and the information we have received is to the effect that his illness was seriously aggravated by the political crisis. One instance of that crisis was that his secretary waa anested in his presence.

In tbese circumstances he received an order from the French Admiral to quit the place within 24 hours. Before the 24 hours, seven hours before tbe expiration of the time, he died. The French Admiral subsequently invited the British to attend the funeral. They did attend in considerable numbers; the officers and men of the Dryad and several French officere likewise attended the funeral. The French Admiral stopped communications between the British man-of-man and the shore.

The captain was allowed, but only allowed verbally, to protest against the proceedings, and the flags of all the foreign CodsuIs, as we understand, have been hauled down. Besides that, Sir, there is a portion of a telegram affecting another person, which says that, in addition to tbe secretary of the Consul, who, I have already said, ha been arrested, one British subject a Mr Shaw, who, I believe, is a missionary of the London Missionary Society was arrested on tbe 16th of June, and remains ir. pi ison. The charge against him has not been mude public, but it is surmised or presumed to be for correspondence with the enemy, using what would be the French pbiase under the circumstances. Inquiry haa been made wiib respect to him, but the only answer received is, The laiv must take its course." Sir, in announcing these grave and painful occurrences, I have only now to saj that we wsit for further information as to the facts, and we wait alfo for those communications from the Government of wbich the case may require, which we have intimated to the French Government that we anticipate, and which it would have been our duty to make under similar circumstances.

(Hear, hear.) CATTLE DISEASE. Mr CHAPLIN gave notice tbat on Monday he would ask the Prime Minister what steps Her Majesty's Government intend to take to give effect to last night's resolution of the House of Commons with respect to the importation of foreign oaitle disease. (Opposition cheers. TliK SKW SfEZ CANAL AGBEEMEHT WITH M. DE LESSEPS.

Mr CHILDERS: In accordance with the notice which I gave yesterday, I will now communicate to the House the hei.os of the provisional agreement made with M. de Leseps for the construction by the Suez Canal Company of a second canal. I should not have made this communica-tica under ordinary circumstances oa a Wednesday; but for moie reasons than one I think it most important 'that no delay should take place in making known arrangements of a bnanctal character, such as those I am about to state The negotiations have been for some time in progress at Pans, and have reached their present stage after personal imei views between Eer Majesty's Government and de Lesseps in Lunaon. The following are the heads of the provisional arrangement wbich was settled yesterday after-riocn, and which was signed by Sir John Stokes aud Sir C. Wilson on behalf of Her Majesty's Government- xitads of agreement between the representatives of Her iilajestj Government and the President of the Suez C'aoal Company.

1. The company to construct a second canal as tr as possible parallel to the present canal, of width aDd depth sufi.cient to meet the requirements of maritime construe- ln -isreement with the EngliBb directors. 2. Tbe second canal to be completed, if possible, by the end of 1888. 3.

The company to reduce the dues and tolls as follows: From 1st January. 1SS4, ships in ballast to pay 2 francs per ton less than ships with cargoes. After the profits (interest and dividend) have been' distributed at the rate of 21 per half the pilotage dues to be remitted from the following 1st January. After the profits as above are 23 ALL EIGHTS BE3EEVED. THE SCROPES OF DANBY ON THE YORE, vm.

Sir Henry Scrope, who had in charge Mary Queen of Scots at Bolton Castle, is thus described in the family pedigree: Second son of John Scrope, eighth Lord Scrope of Bolton, and Catherine, eldest daughter of Henry Clifford, Earl of Cumberland; ninth Lord Scrope of Bolton, K.G., set. 15, 3 Edward VL Summoned to Parliament from 21 October, 2 and 3 Philip and Mary, 1555, to 4 311 Elizabeth, 15S9. Warden of the West Marches and Captain of Carlisle, 1559 and 1563. Marshal of the army-at the siege of Leith, 10 Elizabeth, 1568; and in April, 1570, again served in Scotland with distinction; obit. 10 May, 1581, 33 Elizabeth." It was in his office as Marsha! of the West Marches and Captain of Carlisle that Mary fell into his hands.

After her defeat at Langside, 1568, she fled into Galloway, but not thinking herself safe there, she embarked in a small fishing-boat, and landed safely at Workington, whence she wrote to Elizabeth, and also informed Mr Lowther, who commanded at Carlisle for Lord Scrope, that she was come for protection into England. That gentleman, assembling the chief men of the county, immediately waited upon her, and very honourably accompanied her to the castle of Carlisle, staying a night, I believe, at Cockermouth, either at the castle or in the old hall below the church, local tradition being in favour of the latter. By the command of the Queen of England, Lord Scrope and Sir Thomas Knollys waited upon her with letters to her from Elizabeth full of expressions of kindness and condolence. Nevertheless her guardians had instructions to watch all her motions, and to take great care she escaped not into her own kingdom. Mary, feeling herself no doubt somewhat a prisoner, demanded a personal interview with Elizabeth, to which they answered that it was with reluctance that honour was denied until such time as she had cleared herself from the imputation of being privy to the murder of her husband, a prince so near in blood to their Sovereign.

I find from MSS. kindly lent me by the present representative of the Scropes, Thomas Simon Scrope, of Danby Hall-upon-Yore, that from the very first of Mary's confinement at Carlisle the Scots began to swarm in and about that city, and that Lord Scrope was fearful she should find means of escape from that oity to her distracted and tumultuous kingdom. In one of his letters to the Council he complains of "tha resort of so many of the Scots from the Borders to Carlisle, which even rendered the safety of that important fortress somewhat precarious. She has," he says, "for her own particular use thirty servants and six gentlewomen lodged in the castle; besides which, Lord Claude Hamilton, the Lord Stearling, young Mr Maxwell, with many other gentlemen, do lie in the town at their own charges, to the number of thirty or forty more, with their own servants," These Lord Scrope begged might be removed from the Border, alleging the scarcity of provisions but Mary refused, under the pretence that they were necessary for her affairs. Whereupon he ordered the Mayor to let no messenger, being a Scot, come into the town unless he had a message to himself.

He also obtained an additional hand of soldiers from Berwick to secure the place the better from any sudden assault. In another of his letters to Qaeen Elizabeth he says, "She cannot be kept so rigorous as a prisoner with your Highness's honour, in mine opinion; but that by devices of towels or toys at her chamber window, or elsewhere, in the night, a body of her agility and spirit may escape soon, being so near the Border. Yet, to have her carried further in the realm, is the highway to a dangerous sedition." The Council, upon this information, resolved at all eventB to remove her, and gave her the option whether she should choose toreside atTutbury, Fortheringay, or Bolton Castle. She acquiesced in the choice of the latter from a liking, it is said, she had taken for the Lady Scrope, who was a daughter of the Earl of Surrey, the poet, whom Henry VIII. beheaded, and sister of the Duke of Norfolk.

Her name was Margaret Howard. She died in 1592, and was buried at Wensley, where bo many of the Scropes have found a last resting place; Bolton Castle being situated in that parish, and where there are to this day' so many memorials of them, though sadly mutilated and outworn by the long lapse of years. Mary arrived at Bolton Castle in the latter end of June, 1568, and remained there till near Easter ot the following year, when she was removed and placed under the custody of George, Earl of Shrewsbury, at his castle at Winkfield. During her short sojourn at Bolton Castle Mary was treated with every respect and kindness consistent with the critical position of the times, and which were rendered still more so by her presence in England, she being a Roman Catholic, and the ecclesiastical changes which had taken place being hardly aB yet consolidated in this country. She was, moreover, the heir apparent to the throne, and therefore the hope ot all disaffected and ill-conditioned persons in the kingdom, whereof at such a period there could not fail to be a considerable number, and they too of position and consequence, and so capable of working great mischief to the State.

It was, without doubt, the cabals and conspirators of these, whether listened to or not by Mary herself, which finally brought her to the block, as the only presumable method of solving the difficulty and ridding England of so great a danger to the newly established order of things both in Church and State. This critical condition of affairs, and how much Mary appreciated and entered into them, will be clearly seen from a letter she wrote to the Queen of Spain while staying at Bolton: "For my coming to this country," sha writeB, "has caused me io make acquaintance'by which I have learned so muoh of the state of things here that if I Had ever so little hope of succour elsewhere I would make ouis the reigning religion, or pBrish in the attempt. The whole of this paTt is entirely devoted to. the Catholic faith, and with the right that I have for this reason in my favora I could easily teach this Queen what it is to intermeddle and assist subjects against princes. Now, I assure you, and beseech you to assure the king Philip ha of the Armada "that I shall die in the Roman Catholic religion, whatever they may say to the contrary.

I cannot exercise it here, because they will not permit me; and merely for having spoken of it they have threatened to shut me up more closely and treat me with less consideration," It must be confessed, from the light which this letter casts upon the real state of affairs, that Elizabeth astute Ministers had enough on their hands to keep the realm free from conspiracy and invasion, and that if some of their measures seem to us now harsh and uncalled for, we ought to bear in mind the times in whioh they lived and the net of conspiracy wherewith they were surrounded at home, as well as the unrest and trouble which were produced by the continued apprehension of invasion from abroad. That Mary was well treated while at Bolton 'Castle is proved by a letter which she. wrote to Elizabeth some davB after her departure. It is dated ffeb. 10, 1569.

old style, and from which I make the following extract: "I have especially learned by them that it was your good pleasure that I was treated with the honourable respect and courteous entertainment that I have received since my arrival at Bolton from Master KnollyB and my Lord Sorope, of which I cannot do less than to testify to you of the dUigence and great affection with which they have accomplished your commands, and the cause that I have to praise their civil deportment towards me till my removal, the manner of which I cannot conceal appeared hard to me." It is true tnat JLord iacrope aischarged some of her servants lest thev might favour ner escape, but he replaced them by others ol whom he could rely, so that she was never while there deprived of her customary state and attendance, Mary had olLher ree but sh ms from the very first almost, after she had taken that irrevocable Bfcep, to Scotland or to the Continent, and thus her keepers were kept constant armetar lest she should effect her purpose. She was allowed to ride out and take exercise, but always with a suffident guard to prevent any attempt at a surprise on the part of her to preclude any chance which sbe herself might seize upon to get away from her atten-dants. She seems to have been not only the most beautiful woman of her time, but one most capable, both physically and mentally, of any danng enterprise and desperate dash to recover her liberty. On one occasion, so the local tradition runs, she did indeed attempt to escape by outridin" her attendants, and for a time succeeded in leavine them" but was soon overtaken. Whether this was a mare feint or real effort to get away I cannot tell, but it is quite in keeping with all we know of her own character and the circum-stances that surrounded her.

The place where she was overtaken is still called the Queen's Gap on Leyburn Shawl, and a few miles below Bolton Castle. From this place we have one of the most magnificent views of its kind to be found ia all England. Shawl itself rises sheer up from the fields in the valley to the height of some of 1,500 feet. It is a broad shelf of limestone rock about two miles in length, and Btands on the southern side and midway in the valley. Opposite there is Pen Hill, and the mountains on the north, and below and on the other hand you have the noble sweep of this majestic vale with the river Yore winding imperceptibly through its midst.

On the left bank of the river there are the towers of Bolton Castle far away, but within your near distance Bolton Hall, and its woods almost immediately below you, and in the dim remover on your left hand there are the woods and slopes of Danby Hall, together with manv a village and namlet and farmstead, whioh add variety to the scene. On tne right bank, almost opposite to where you stand, but a little to the left, on the last slope of Middleham Moor, and under the shadow of Pen Hill, there are the grim and shattered towers of Middleham Castle, oftie Nevilles, and a stronghold or The King-maker." Some four or five miles below this, and nearly opposite Danby, there are the magnificent ruins of Jervaulx Abbey, which, once in its days of splendour entertained kings, and kept open house for every caller of whatever rank or condition, and especially for the poor and he destitute, the emng ard the oppressed. Historically. merwoie, asweuas naturauy, this scene is unmatched ii local press: "A memorial edition of the worka nf Thn Bewick is to be produced at Newcastle, by the special desire ui imsa jiewicB, air iieoeit wara nas tne wers in haud, This projected publication was never carried out and a short while ago Bewick's fine drawings and choice proof and early impressions of his engravings were presented by Miss Bewick to the British Museum where they are being arranged in a suitable department for public view. We understand, upon the authority of one of the Miss Bewick's trustees, that she has given them, by her will, authority to sell the whole original blocks of the quadrupeds, birds, and fishes.

We earnestly trust if this be done, the blocks may fall in such hands that they, with amended letter-press (consequent upon recent research into natural history) may be issued to the public at a price which will render them calculated to foster love of nature, natural hiBtory, and the fine arts for the present and future generations. After a long, well-spent life in the exercise of piety and good works, Miss Isabella Bewick's Say of mingled sunshine, clouds and shadows is passed. In her the Scriptural promise has been realised "Thou shalt come also to thy grave in a fair age like as when they take up a corn sheaf in due season." (Job. Cranmer's Bible, 1541,) At eventide it shall be light S. P.

LoifssTAFFE, Norton, Co, Durham. GIBBET LORE Eemarkaele Chapteks xn the Anhals of Great Britain and Iselanu. By WILLIAM ANDREWS, F.E.H.S., Author of "Historic Romance," "Punishments in the Olden Time," The Book of Oddities," Gleanings of Lancashire Lore," No. II. THE MANY MODES OF Beheading Drowning Boiling to Death.

We will glance at the most notable instances where the sharp medicine" of the axe or 3word has been brought into requisition in the case of those higher offences whose peculiar province it became. In 1312 Piers Gaveston, the haughty favourite of the vacillating King Edward was beheaded without trial, at Blacklow hill, near Warwick, by order of Guy, Earl of Warwick, and near a spot since called Guy's Cliff. In 1322 Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, called the first Prime Minister, grandson of Henry and a powerful baron whose turbulence had unsettled the whole northern part of the country, was seized, together with a party of his adherents, many noble, at his castle of Ponte-fract. They were all hariged excepting Lancaster himself, who was led on a grey pony, without a bridle, to an eminence near the castle, and was there beheaded. In the reign of Richard 1397, the Earl of Arundel was beheaded fur treason, and in 1400 the citizens of Bristol beheaded the Earls of Kent and Salisbury.

"The warlike reigns of the Henrys TV. and V. saw the headsman's weapons actively employed, while during the ruthless and useless struggle of the Wars of the Roses, heads fell fast and thick, The Duke of York, beheaded at Wakefield, his head being crowned with a paper mockery; the Duke cf Suffolk, beheaded in an open boat, off Dover, on his passage to Calais, and the Earl of Worcester, constable of England, beheaded at the close of the disastrous contest of the rival houses, are among the chief. The great victory of Tewkesbury was followed bv the beheadal of the Duke of Somerset, 1483, and that of the Duke of Buckingham in the same year; Lord Chamberlain Hastings was executed in the Tower by order of Gloucester, without a trial, on a log oi wood lyingMn the courtyard. Henry VII.

's reign saw brought to the headsman's block i James Tyrrell, who then confessed to his murder of the Princes In the Tower; Sir William Stanley, who had saved Henry's life on Bosworth Field, but found no mercy from that cold-bloodod King, by whom was seized hiB immense wealth; on the 23rd November, 1499, Perkin Warbeck, the personator of the Duke of York, murdered in the Tower-and five days later the young Earl of Warwick, for being implicated in the scheme. The reign of Henry VHI. shows a considerable list. In 1510, perished by the axe, Emp30n and Dudley, the tools for the extortion of the late King. Sir Thomas More, the Lord Chancellor of England, was beheaded in 1535 for refusing to acknowledge ihe Kin as the Bupreme head of the Church.

John Fisher, "the Roman Catholic Bishop of Rochester, and the only prelate who declined io announce the King's marriage with Catherine of Arragon unlawful, was beheaded in 1547. Anne Boleyn, Henry's second wife, was beheaded by the sword in 153G' Catherine Howard and Lady Rochford, her accomplice! followed in 1541. A little earlier than this, the aged Margaret the Countess of Salisbury, and called "the last full-blooded Plantagenet," suffered death by the axe. She to the last refused to admi' the justice of her sentence; nor would she on th3 scatlold place her head on the block, but was followed about by the executioner, her grey locks, dabbled in blood, streaming in the air, until by a series of ill-aimed blows hs "fetched off" her head in the best manner he might. The axe took part in the closing scene of the lives of many others of this reign.

Thomas Cromwell the Earl Surrey, said to have been the lover of Anne Boleyn Lord Seymour of Sudeley, and Edward, Duke of Somerset, the two uncles of Edward the Earl of Northumberland, the enemy of the "Gentle Somerset," and who begged vainly for a reprieve, even to live the life of a dogge;" Sir Thomas Wyatt fell under the axe for rebellion in 1554; Lady Jane Grey, her husband, Lord Guildford Dudley, son of the Duke of Northumberland, and grandson oE the extortioner Dudley, and her father, the Duke of Sfaffolk, likewise were beheaded in the same year. In the reign of Queen Elizabeth the first political execution was that of the Duke of Norfolk, son of the Earl Surrey previously mentioned. The Earl of Essex, of whom Elizabeth is supposed to be deeply enamoured, was executed igr rebellion in 1600-1. In this reign also ooours the remarkable instance of the executioner's axe being employed upon a sister sovereign the beheadal of Mary Queen of Scots. In the next reign (James Sir Walter Kaieigh, the courtier, soldier, discoverer, and poet, ended a ZS by an unmerited death on PAIaoe yari 1618.

Round the said rn and Eliot; he is said to have been "the most fearless of death that ever was known." The day being cold he was asked if hi Twould delay a quarter of an hour to warm himself but dlaXUma aaymg that if one of his ague fits (to wSch he wL sbTecti Jam in the manner of a general marchine at -the head of an army to breathe victory rather than felt of a condemned man to undergo the sentence of death! Three years later Archbishop Laud was sentenced to be hanzed and it was granted him as a favour, after much suppuca-tion, and with reluctance, that his sentence should be changed to beheading. In 1G49 the monarch Charles him self was beheaded oy the High Court of Justice JI Whitehall, "in the sight of the people?" The Common wee 1th first saw the axe used upon Eurl Holland, the Duka of HamiltoD, and Lord Capel, cases of severity which aroused great public indignation. The principal persons who were claimed by the axe in the reign of the Merry" Monarch were for participation in the Sye House Plot Lord William Russell, Algernon' Sidney, and James, Duke of Monmouth, a natural son of the King and who was. beheaded only after five blows of the axe. By this time the lower crimes for which the axe at one time, as we have entiened, had been used as the punishment, had long been reserved for the highest offence recognised by law that of treason.

The treasonous rebellion of 1715 was the nexi occasion of its employ, when Ratcliffe and the Lords Derwentwater and Kenware perished. Again in 1745, the second attempt to re-establish the oause of the ill-starred and unstable Stuarts failed, and for their part in this rebellion suffered by the axe, Lord Kilmarnock, Lord Balmerino and Simon, fee infamous Lord Frazer of Lovat posal. Mr GLADSTONE stated that afthe present moment is was impossible to fix a day for the discussion of the Suet Canal proposal and with regard to the three importsat bills to which he had referred in his recent statement as those which the Government desired to press forsrard, be should be unable to say finally what course the Gorern-ment would propose until tbe House had got through Committee on the Corrupt Practices Bill. As to the Latoass Bill, it would be a violation of the understanding the Government and the House if he were to mate any ception with regard to that measure. The motion was then put and agreed to.

COBKCPT PBACTICES BILL. The House having gone into committee on the Corrap. Practices at Elections Bill, The ATTORNEY-GENERAL brought up a new cta relating to the employment of hackney carriages or ot carriages and horses kept for hire, by which it was proridec tbat anyone letting, lending, or employing, for the purpose of tbe conveyance of electors to or from the poll, any pat stage or hackney carriage or any horse or animal used ret drawing the same, knowing that the carriage or animal to be so used, should be guilty of an illegal practice; tnrtcer-that any person who should hire, borrow, or use for suti purpose any horse or carriage, which he knows the owasrs prohibited by this section to let, lend, or employ, shonm likewise be guilty of an illegal practice, provided notta? in the section should prevent any carriage horse or otns animal being let to or hired or used by an elector for iE! purpose of conveying himself to the poll. This oiauBe was agreed to after some discussion. Progress was soon afterwards reported.

CHANNEL TUNNEL COMMITTED. THE SCHEME REJECTED. The Joint Committeeof the two Houses assembledon IVs-day to consider their report of the Channel Tunnel question Tbe Marquess of Lansdowne presided, and there were present the Earl of Devon, the Earl of Camperdown, Aberdare and Visconnt Barrington, Sir Masspy Lope5. Hussey Vivian, Col. E.

W. Harcourt, Mr, Baxter, mif Arthur Peel. A discussion, lasting more tban an honr asu quarter, took place in private, when the Committee dina and the Tunnel scheme was rejected by six votes tofour. l2 fact is that no fewer tban seven reports were presented consideration: one by the chairman" (the Marquess of Las downe), and the others by Sir Henry Vivian. Sir II336-Lopes.

Earl Camperdown, Earl Devon, Lord Barnngt and Colonel Harcourt. That of the noble chairman is able document, which discusses the subject at great leng1-It calls attention to the weight of commercial evident favour of the tunnel and the weakness of military rea against it, concluding by a recommendation in favour project. When this report was put to the vote, it f8 rejected by a majority of six to four; the mfoj5 consisting of Lord Aberdare, Lord Lansdowne himself. W. E.

Baxter, and Mr Arthur Peel. It was then suages that the question should be disposed of bv resolution; BIr Baxter objected to this course, and insisted that in-; cordance with Parliamentary precedent the committee proceed to deal seriatim with the reDorts adverse to tt-tunnel, which were submitted by eacb'of the six gentieta forming the majority. It was then found that these s-; gentlemen, who had voted against the chairman report, could not agree upon any one ot reports prepared by themselves, and in sacce' tbese reports were also rejected. The voting upon ta ws3 equal, namely five to five, which, in the Parliamentary Committee, is equivalent to a the chairman having no casting vote. Under these circ stances, it was finally decided that, instead of rcabng formal and elaborated report to Parliament, iae mittee should simply communicate to the two Houses peculiar facts of the case, explaining that, whilst amJJ-' of six to four rejected Lord Landsdowne's report of the scheme, the adverse majority differed so amongst themselves as to their respective reasons ag11 the proposed tunnel that they refrained from entering i any statement of their collective views.

It is necessary, durine hot weather, to avoid beverage a to ht-at or stimulate the system. Cadbnry's Cocoa, depn the superfluous oil, ana guaranteed absolutely pare, is soothing, refreshing, and sustaining beverage. Newcastle and its- Death-Rate. The Registrar retiort shows that in this town the highest deatn-rate kingdom prevails for measles. Every householder that tbe only preventive Soapthe doctors call it -sapa 3.v.

is used in every bed room, bath room, ana -i Ask for Wright's Soap," and be sure yon find toe ia. on every tablet and wrapper, failing which yon aae posed upon. 'They come as a boon and ablessingto men, The Pickwick, tee Owl, and the Waveklet i-e. Try the Big Pen, 1 6d and Is per Box. The Hi ndoo Pens.

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to rt Street. Sdikbcbgh (Est. 1T70.) Pen-makers to 333, Government Offices. again into Committee on the Parliamentary Elections (Corrupt and Illegal Practices) Bill, Clauses 41, 42, and 43 were withdrawn, with a view to their re-introduction in a modified form. On tbe 44th clause, A motion by to add Leominster to the boroughs to be treated as counties in regard to the provision of polling places was defeated by 93 to 39.

DEFEAT OF THE On the 45th clause, permitting payment for the conveyance of voters by sea in certain cases, in addition to the maximum amount of expenses, Mr SELLAR moved the insertion of words extending the clause to land conveyance where the electors were widely scattered. Mr LEWIS supported the amendment. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL pointed out that the clause dealt only with the cases where no voluntary effart would enable the voter to reach the poll, but the amendment was in direct contradiction to the principle, whioh the House had affirmed, that the conveyance of voters should not be paid for in any case where it was physically possible for them to reach the polling station. Mr LOWTHER uiged the Attorney-General to consider how he could adopt a system of voting papers. The Committee divided, and the amendment was lost by 148 to S4.

Mr LEWIS opposed tha clause on the ground that it was inconsistent with the lest of the bill, and a division was taken, the result being that the clause waa struck out bv 147 to 88. The announcement of the numbers was received with cheers. Clause 46, which prohibited a polling station and committee room being in the same building, was omitted, on the motion of the Attorney-General. Clauses up to 60 were, after discussion, agreed to. Progress was thenreported.

Tuesday. lord chcbchill. On tbe motion of Mr B. WINN, leave of absence was given to Lord R. Churchill for the remainder of the Session, THE OUTBREAK Ol' CHOLERA.

Vicount FOLKESTONE asked what precautions were proposed to prevent the introduction of cholera into England by vessels arriving from Egypt and through the Suez Canal. Mr STEWART MACLIVER asked if any precautions would beestaohshedat Plymouth; whether the Customs' medical oBcers would institute any examination before the lauding of passengers. Sir CHARLES DILKE said that would depend upon whether, in tbe officer's opinion, there was any fear -of cholera being on board. In the prssetit Order, and in that of 1873, provision was made for the detention of ships at appointed places, for the visit and medical examination of ships and passengers, for the removal to hospital of persons suffering from symptoms of cholera, and for the destruction of bedding, clothing, and even parts of ships infected, and for tbo purification of ships. He believed that since this Order was issued in 1S73 this country had been thoroughly prepared against a possible invasion of cholera.

As to mail steamers coming through the Suez Canal and not touching at any infected port, theyi could not De suspected. Steamers coming from Alexandria, where there has been one suspected case of owing to tbe length cf the voyage, though they are fast ships these, would also Beem to be safe unless a suspended case of cholera had shown itself on board. Lord FITZMAURICE, in reply to Mr O'Donnell. said it was not true that deaths to the number of many hundreds week from cholera were occurring in Bombay and the vicinity. CO ERUPT PBACTICES BILL.

The House then went into Committee on the Corrupt. Practices Bill, resuming at clause 81. Mr WARTON moved the insertion of words defining the word entertainment to mean food, drink, and lodging..