Liverpool Mercury, etc. from Liverpool, Merseyside, England • 12

mmBVvWT-atiTacir-'- wvu mii i mihii mammmHmmmhmmmmmmmmmm-rr--r I 12 'Jtt awf. mlitth Ann. umim! anin what 18 iare; 'mg asWs98inuoh as it aims fnTOOtlbni. which prihibry JT Anothkr EwABfrfaoM CiBiisiE Casjie. On Tuesday night, of gatss, one of the privates of the 48thv foot quartered there a very young fellow escaped' over the 'wall at" the southwest corner, by letting himself down a rope tied to one of thespikeVseMp to prevent, sujsh operations.

The youth was soonpursued by the -picket, Mid took refuge in the Willow-Holme. There-he had hidden himself in a long, dark which; being narrow, enabled him to lift himself up, anoV sustain himself by dint of arms and tevenled in nature only in mojlified circumstances at intervals, auon ls.Tumer. tie gives younttonmity poetry of form' he clothes itM'lDtity "nf "nriumfttic coluurinff that is. Rcatterin'i? the primitive and secondary colours in purity; allowing the eyo to.resolve them into beauty, msteaa otv mixing tnem the canvas. He throws in the wildness and perfection the picturesque, allowing the poetry of the pastoral or allegorical, as it may suit the subject.

He hides the whole from vulgar definition, and throws over tne. most prominent objects thoughts of mystery and indistinctness keeping the eye wandering (is through a veil offering ideasinsteadofme'e transcripts; every part being minutely filled with elegaBcies of thought, subject, and touch whilst the whole, at the proper f.oun of distance, will resolve into one inaas of aiirial giaodeur, a brilliant display light and atmosphere which no other painter ever nmV if t.Vin rpader do not aoDreeiate them, it vuu.vv Thus far, Turner only hhowa how much he has to learn ie very antaton sm of the pre-ttapnaeuce waoae we shall now enter upon. It is impossible, in a hritf newspaper notice, to trace the various schools of art through their numerous modes pYnrpsfjinn. Tho aimule irrnndeur of the early masters, thuir distinct and tilling outl nes, their rejection of all mvatw and Hottenintrs of parts, are well known to most. Engish art has, however, adopted other sources and principles nf expression.

Discovei ing a variety of tasci- ideal nrinninles. havihtr their foundation in thoVht more thun in reality, we have so far adopted Olcs of softened and indistinct amalgamations, umtea with myi-Uiry, modes of touch, and scholastic re erences and quaiiticatioiis, tnat tne nma integrity oi nature nas been almost lost sight of. For nearly a century our ariisls have uuule such slight references to nature in their works, and were so complett-ly in the ideal an I cnnventi'inal. that they acknowledged that when they went to nature it on'y put them out. Nnw, it is to lay aside nil these of the schools, and to refer only to that th.f pie-Raph-ielite exhibits a distinct standard of art.

He rete'8 to no thought, no principles, save what he sues he aims at the power, beauty, and perfec tion cf appearances, Th may exhibit all passions ami emotion of the sou', but it must be without exaggeration aud the highest, deepest, flow of impassioned intellect, heisihtei.e 1 by the stininj; emutions of tragic events, will s'dl be aciompanied by the most nute detail of a bit of plaster on a wall, a flower, or the texture a dress. His picture is a minoreri representation of tho scene in the most perfect aud minute integrity, from the and feeling of the soul to a crevice in a stmie wall, or the veins of a leaf. The prufess to paint nothing of themselves. They (ive what they receive nature onlv is their master. It not for you to judge works like these by the principles which have produced Turner's Mercury and Argus.

It is not for you to say you think either the one or the other style is art. Artists have taken that power out of your hands. They have established the fact, that both the Turner and the pre Raphielite are right they only regret your toannreciiite li and your griavous errors in critici-ing one by the principles of the other. Let us per suade you having long revelled in tne Deautuui mysteries enioved its and learning, its generalising aud freedom of touch, giving you ideas of things in-tead of the renoctmns oi cneni open yuui- mind to the fact, that a geat world or cruinmi reamies is being entered up n. The ancient mysteries of art are being dispelled.

If thero are many paths to excellence, why should we always tread tne samet nave we nut, ucou driving at our artists for the last quarter of a century to imitate nature? and now, when it is placed before us in the integrity of mirrored power and beauty, we win it recounise it: and if it were not JllfU UCU.t, iv, for the manly and independent voices of a few, who do know nature when it is represented to incm, we suuum have this new, bold, and faithful field of art suppressed. and clin" to our old conventionalities till they were worn threadbare. Let the reader go to the prize picture, and sending at a little distance from it, unt.h bis hand and look through it, so as to exolude the glare and effect of the surrounding pictures 1 111 let him think about no moaes or siyies oi art, wiu forcet them, and Claudio and his Sister will appear wonderful, powerful reality. The workings of a mind dwelling on an early and violent ueain, ma agony ui un-tude. the amazins power of light and truth that prevaUs, will soon exhibit themselves.

Notwithstanding the fear- allkliirhtandbeautvbevond bright olitter in the sun, the blue sky is scattered mrti nlmufa i the contrast is as real as it is charm ing. From what we have learnt, a majority of the academy gave their votes conscientiously without reference thev were convinced, UJ tuiui.i.v.. examination of the competing works, that there was a higher class of truth, or sentiment, ana power anous ium nicture than any other competing work; and they were faithful to their convictions. That it might be impolitic otherwise injudicious they had nothing to do witn. The future will tell for itself, as Millar's picture told last year in the royal academy.

That many do not appreciate is their misfortune tney nave mucn to learn an, and as far as we are able we shall do our duty in laying before our readers all we know on these interesting sub jects. m- Rnnnnorr Oaoi AHs's Birillina J.aKi iu. of Mondav, says "We understand that Mr J. Blount, the surgeon of the borough gaol, has resigned his appointment. Freer, the chief warder, has been dismissed by the justices; and Cotterill, one of the warders, whose name has been frequently mentioned during the recent inquiry, died yesterday se'nnight, o.

i Aw advortinamnnt for a new alter a suun mucoo. governor and chief warder appears our publication of "eobbeby is Birmingham. One of the most shocking description of robberies that has ever fallen to our lot to nr. Annlav afternnnn last, at the house recoru tuun pi.o A-of Mr. Richard Millichamp, No.

86, Rea-street, in this town. Mr. Millicharap's wife was lyingdead tne nouse and having to make some arrangements for the funeral, il Fnv aViniif tnin hmrrs. leaving his ne went out ui uwo man, named James Beesley, a journeyman baker, on the premises, un returning vw discovered that Mr. Beesley had gone away, leaving the than number of members.

But the 4iflpwipoBtiori is brilv arithmetical. Thei country di4 nttt ri will not in 1864, make numbers the absolute arbitrary criterion by wmcn to exwrno ine iraa- caifle. 11 we were 1 I hS At) could not reasonaoiy reiuoo Bu universal suffrage and electoral districts 3 and without desiring to deny that this is a legitimate sequence of an actual represenwwou, wuiuu Beform Bill did concede, we say again that the country is not prepared for such a change. Man- cheBter and Birmmgnam receive not beoause there was in these great cities a crowded population, but because, that population had shown its ability 10 appreciate mo Ao. ha Bamfl reason we claim now a Li III XO AVI separate representation for places like Birkenhead and Stalybridge, Because were we mu and property so combined as they are only a large commercial town.

One of our metro politan contemporaries, more wray tmiu sneers at a representation of intelligence, and at the same time explains, very nearly as we would the intellectual qualification may ascertained, in stating that property is a sign intelligence. For a Tory tms is a aaugeiouB fot.nl admission, inasmuch as it acknowledges a faith in the pay-me-in-cash spirit the age, and discards the newnous propnewi-ship which is exercised oyer mortgaged acres and stupid boors. The main object of the new Reform Bill, as we it. will be to extend the suflrage as as the education of the people permits the hope that they will oomprehentt tne mines 01 a uiuaeu, and if we have the qualification in the townB reduced to one-half of that at which it is now fixed, and lodgers allowed to vote as housenoiaers, ana the same time give to the counties the 10 clause which they have so much despised, perhaps shall have gone quite as far in this direotion as public opinion will wan-ant us in proceeding at present. As regards bribery and corruption in the towns, this addition to the constituency will, believe', so neutralise its power as to accomplish indirectly what we are firmly convinced will 'never be attained by any direct penal interference and with resnect to the intimidation in the counties, this will become more difficult by the intro-duction of a class of voters less, or less immediately, dependent on one powerful individual.

however, these anticipations should not be and the scenes we have just witnessed be again repeated, no prejudice oan afterwards prevent the adoption of a remedy which will effectually defeat corruption by making it a commerce without security, and render nugatory the most peremptory command as well as the softest entreaty. We regard the reform we now await as extension rather than an amendmnt of the act 1832. The only question of prinoiple is the principle of progress, and on that there can hardly sufficient difference of opinion to make discussion interesting. To use this occasion merely to amend our representative system is, to say the very least of it, inexpedient and inopportune; and we will even thus early taKe leave 10 warn whi(jh labeiau thauestion We fnr t.hfim on this Dart of the question. We can well afford to have patience we have already won more than we can cast away on a speuuiauve throw.

It is the English fashion to proceed slowly and surely and, looking baok on what we have overcome, we must say it is a good fashion. People who make haste to get rich commonly end their career in penury and people who dismiss their servants for a trivial error perhaps, rightly viewed, no error at all are very likely to "gain a loss" in the ohange. This is speaking in homely parable but it is meant to convey a truth which we may have to repeat more than once before the debate on the new Reform Bill goes up from the press to the Parliament. CUSTOMS REGULATIONS. (O0MMBNICATBD.) When the committee of inquiry into tne management of the Customs department recom- i i-Un atrat-am if TOO mended certain reiouuo iu mo Jl AA n-nrr olf.Orflf.lnn flnOIlM he never xuieuueu i.mu made which would be attended either with risk to the revenue or with prejudice to tne interests of the mercantile community.

It was uged upon the Government that whatever changes could be made with safety to the one and vvith benefit to the other should be adopted and carried out to the fullest extent. In advocating this course; we i tTioronffli rpform of the svstem. It is our desire that every obstacle in the way ot business shall be removed; that all unnecessary formalities shall be abolished, and the praotice so simplified that every person nanus uiaovu mitli the Customs can easilv WttllSitUU WUW" understand it. But it is useless to expect that such changes or reforms as tnose- ior wmuu we seek cpn be adopted and carried out in their full 11nt.il such time as we have: at the tj monk arA Hiifficip.ntlv con- IVavu Ui jwiouuio iuu versant with mercantue anaira, auu ore iiwdbcoow wnj nrnnt.inal Vnowledire which Will UA bliau wuu 0- enable them to act for themselves, and to judge as to what may be really necessary ior tne requirements of our trade and commerce. Had we such men to deal with we should not now be called upon to condemn such wild and ndiouious sonemes or experiments as are at the present time being tla lifA nf thin tinrt.

and which, if iuaue viio jhmvwvw v- 1 1 fully carried out, are so pregnant with danger to the revenue and vexation to cue puuuu. 1 i-V ni- i-U viAn'nnn to be employed in the more important positions of tne aeparcmenTi snouiu ut; hwwwu uuw tuuyuS position in life in every way qualified them for tne pOStS CO Wnian tuty were uo axjuMv rURcharflre duties of ttreat responsibility, being subject to great temptation, and coming so constantly ao mejr uy wuiv. wi cantile community, each succeeding Government has endeavoured to raise the standard for those qualifications, so as that none should be appointed but men of good attainments and the highest integrity. This was wise and if striotly followed up must always be attended with much benefit to the public and great advantage to the revenue. But our complaint now is that, instead of adhering to this rule, the Commissioners of Customs are completely reversing the order of things, and selecting for the discharge of some of the most responsible duties of the landing department men Of the lowest graue 111 me ooi vivo, quently belonging to the lowest positions in Me.

tiiaf. all forAikTii merchandise which may be free of duty, addition to au low- duty articles, may uc cmiuujo" Llie wue-vrttiirtsiD- r-- total want of practical knowledge so completely 1 1 1 1. nC ann unquauty tnem ior me piutiei ulbuiiiBc important duties. We do not profess to know with whom this notable scheme originated. But to take a body of men who yesterday were hail fellow well met" with the sailors of every vessel entering the port, and to place them to-day in a position where with a single dash of their pen -even if one half of them can make more than l.U,' nnJr thmt.oan AofmnA th rfiwniifl to thfi bliCU.

lUOllD. VIXJ wwMn extent of thousands, is, we think, unwise in the extreme. Nor would it be easy to prove anything liVn ncrainak thfim ftir'" under the Dre- a 1 sent system, an officer has only to occupy hie time and attention at one vessel, while at the same time he may know them to be loading off tobacco from another, both, of course, discharging under his care. Nothing can be more inconsistent than the con- UUUU IU UiV JJUOtu nua uiHvin.it the abolition of the free the merchants 1 i ill. were always met wim sue eveuasviug urj mu.1, wie Revenue could not be proteoted without them.

And in reporthig to the Treasury under this head, the Commissioners urge upon their lordships how the goods snouia oe careiuuy examined, ana upon which ground they their opposition to a most useful reform. We agree with, them as to the absolute necessity for a strict examination of those goods, and now ask how it is that this very important duty is thrown into the hands of according to their own statements; are "wholly unfitting for promotion to; the superior appointments of the service, and who are so grossly ignorant as to be totally unqualified to meet or speak to merchants oh matters of the merest' routine V'' Do tneyi call ihis reform If they do, they are 'sadjy mistakett if they think the public will agi-ee with'1 them in any such ridiculous notioD. We do not seek for, nor will we for it in of is so haps I might say, ingenious therffma enable them to arrive at took conoloMoM. on few of them who hare really any aub- iuci, ivitu vr muuv, rrrw-f aha the pounu divisions of every weight Brvonlatlon of every-which must enter into every BMoniaH fact, with oor extremely compiioaw" onnfl ilatlon oi. every- xvwiuu wuw vuiv.

oe wjumiu 'J 1. ining tun -r- gme time one element oeing system in operation at the "7'eD c0 the other the division of Pn of weight, and complicated systems of enaujss yj. appeBrs t0 me measures. If Kv-tFtt. people, would be indispu tably a gr system which it woo ead them to evidently m.sM beUat or iuclpt of arithmetic might come Into use and were the case, every child almost would learn in its Vremooeof making calculations, and they would "iStwl a s'sten, which would enable them throughout fe to carry out those calcnlatlons in the purchase and sale every article with which they would have to deal.

To tradesman, it appears to me, it would be a great za-vantage- to the poorer classes I think no less, for they n-iHild then understand that of whioh they now must be iwrfpctiv Uuorant namely, the system in which accounts I flM fl SU1U. be or ought to be, kept in a simple manner. It appears nninl ftf viBW. it iS a great object for the Government to tako some step wnion in'lnee the people to learn a system 01 uecmia. tioas, which will evidently facilitate all their transactions.

Here, then, we have two systems in presence. One, strong certainly in the right of possession aud in the prejudice of unreason, but condemned theory as well as in practice by the merchant, the mathematician, and the mechanic-a system which, according to Professor de Morgan, robs us five per ceot. of the whole time spent in primary education, and which, while it negatively restrains our commercial enterprise, positively steals our time aud spends our labour uselessly. The other comes recommended, as we have seen, every argument that can influence common sense, and almost, if we may so say, by an instinctive feeling that it is the natural mode of calculation. It is proposed as a system which, as Sir John Herschel says, will get rid of "compound arithmetic," "reduction," and "practice" in our schools, and even allow us to cast aside the Ready Reckoner" in after life which will render the use of interest tables unnecessary; enable our women to keep commercial accounts well as their fair sisters in France, and our children to cast up household bills as correctly as the rising generation of the Celestial Empire.

It conies recommended by the Chambers of of Liveroool and Manchester by the report of the select committee of the House of Commons, in which we find the names of Mr. Rfrtwn and Mr. Cardwell and also and it is not least recommendation because it is likely to facilitate a free commercial intercourse, ana am the development of a liberal policy which is every day advancing nearer to the accomplishment of its universal mission. How a decimal coinage can be introduced in this country with the least inconvenience, we will consider iu another article. THE REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE.

The debate on the new Reform Bill has commenced in the fourth estate. Many of the lead ing organs of public opiuion have already spoken, and one in particular has put forth a proposition its own for the amendment of the representation and the extension of the elective franchise. 1831-8 the representative sys, sufficiently discussed; a great constitutional ques- the representative system was scarcely t.ion degenerated into a party contest. At present there seems a desire to go deeper for on one side, perhaps, it is thought we are now sufficiently advanced to carry out if not to its full extent, still very far the actual representation which was recognised by the first Reform Bill and, on the other, it is felt that representation acoording to population will, better than any retrograde or obstructive policy, restore the balance of power the House of Commons, even if it does not revive an ascendancy to which the measure of 1832 was fatal. On one side there is an entire reliance on the theory of truth on the other, crafty design to make truth serve a practical error.

A return lately presented to the House of Comi mons gives us very important information on this subjeot, We find that, according to the census 1851, the total population of England and Wales was 17,927,609, of which 8,907,786 were mnloa. The number of inhabited houses in 1851 was 3,278,039. The number of electors on the register for 1851-2 was 918,683. The respective ages of the population are not given, hut it has been calculated that three out of four male adults are unrepresented and at all events we may take it that nearly 3,000,000, arrived at the age when the law considers them capable of aoting for themselves and forming an opinion of their own, have no voioe in Parliamentary elections. We find, also, that 359,356 householders are excluded from the franchise.

This latter fact we put forward as bearing most practically on the argument; for we cannot say that we are prepared to advocate complete reconstruction of our representative system at present. We do not tnmK tne country is ripe for such a change and we believe that, whether with household or universal suffrage, the creation of equal electoral districts would, while it virtually recognised a true principle, actually place the representation of the country under the domination of a power which, useful in its proper (inhere, can always easily be made the instrument of oligarchical despotism. Any extension of the suffrage which would oe niceiy at tne same time to extend the influence of property over the voter; ought to be avoided. And here we may remark, that the argument tor an alteration lavour 01 the counties, which is drawn from recent disclosures of corrupt practices in certain boroughs, should be weighed against the undisclosed but patently prevailing influence which directs the elections for knights of the shire! In the counties, this undue influence is not visible here and there, and now and then, but everywhere and alwavs it is the rule, and not the exception. In short, it would be better to leave things as they are and wait the fuller development of the public mind, than to make an experiment wmcn, whether it returned squires or demagogues, would ultimately restore the old bondage from which we ourselves 20 years ago.

If the best argument for a sudden and extreme change or for a more equal distribution 01 tne the olaims of population only, whioh oomes to muoh.the same wung in tne euu is that and Liverpool, and Cambridge, aud some haft-dozen other towns, are convicted of mal-praotioes in electioneering, then it will be a far more wholesome and conservative remedy to give us the ballot than, to admit the ignorance and serfdom of the counties to bear down the daily growing intelligence and wealth of the towns. The return before us does, indeed, evidence a great inequality. The population of counties and parliamentary divisions of counties returning members is given at of which about 2 307,564 were adult males. The number of rprristered electors was only 505,754 and the number of members returned to Parliament to t.liia normlation onlv 159. But it must be remembered that in the counties there are noMfivahlfi and thrivimr towns without any oQoite rfinresantation and we think, if it was shown how much of the population, given as county population, is resident in tnese, towns, ii otnpn would ratner maKe out iwe ior according them, either singly or.

two or three ioined together, a member who maybe taken from boroughs tnat cau utouiy 6- like Dorchester, or Tavistock, of Maldon than for (riving this spare representation to a county. There is UirKenueau, vrau id Stalybridge, with with 56,538 Kensington, with 44,053 and each, or all, demanding a distinct representation before we oan think of the Dorsetshire labourers. rmia nrinnlaiion of the represented cities and borwgha- is given "a 7438,679 5 the-number 01 adult mpss as Unrr ia iiYrnwitBd hv'ssfl members. So that the Iborouffhs, wit'h a population considerably less and and we fill in be of of far at jwe If an of be THE. VOICE OF AUTUMN.

Thou lonely msn of grief ami pain, By lawless power oppressed, Burst from thy prison-rend tl.y chain, I come to make tlio blest 1 have no springtide buds and flowers, have no summer bees nnd bowers But oh, I bava some pleasant hours, To soothe thy soul to rest. pionty o'er all the quiet land Her varied vesture woavrs, And flings her gifts, with liheral hand, To glad the heart that grieves Along the southern mountain steeps, The vine its purple neotar weops, While the bold peasant pruudly reaps The wealth of golden sheaves. Forth, with the earliest marrli of morn. He bounds with footsteps free He pluoke the fruit ho binds the own, Till night steals o'er the lea Beneath the broad, ascending moon, He carries home the w-lcome boon, And sings some oM-remeuilierud tune With loud and careless glee. Then come before my rcisn Is pnsstd, Ere darker hours profiiil Before the forest leaves are cast, And wildly strew the gale There's splendour in the ih.v-spr.ng yet There's glory when the is There's beauty when the stars are met Around Heaven's pilgrim The lark at length hath left the skies, The throstle sings alone And far the viwrant cuckoo flies, To seek a kinder zone But othor music still is here, Though fields are hare anil wends are sere Where the lone robin warbles clear His soft and plaintive note.

AVliile heaven is blue, and earth is green-Come at my earnest call. Ere winter sadden all the scene Beneath his snowy pall The fitful wailing of the wood Tho solemn roar of deepening floods, Sent forth from nature's solitu.l Proclaim my coming fall. "TffiuflfvERPOOLM li 110 11 Y. FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 23. 1653.

SAXDsToPOLI LEX SUPRE5IA. THE DECIMAL COIXAGR. When wo offered some observations on this subject a few weeks ago, it was rather with a vie.v to correct a false impression which we saw fnc-tiously promoted thau to discuss important a question as a complete change iu our coinage. But now that we have the minutes of the evidence taken by the select committee before us, and considering how importantly the alteration will be felt in our own town, we desire to press the recommendation contained in the Report on the attention of our readers. And as we seek to afford information to the great majority who are not condemned, as we are, to wade through blue books, we shall closely follow the evidence, only for simplification and brevity, and arrange it as it applies to the tvyo great subjects for considerationthe advantages of a decimal coinage, and the manner in which this system cau be brought into operation with the least inconvenience.

In the first place, let us remark that this is not a speculative or experimental proposition. The decimal system of weights in the purchase and sale of bullion is already employed in the Bank of England, as well as by the dealers in bullion generally, and their example will be followed at the Mint as soon as the change can be made. In France, Portugal, and Russia there is a decimal coinage in China, Dr. Bowring informs us, it is the system employed by 400,000,000 of the human race and he adds, as the result of his own experience, that nearly one-half of the great family of civilised man has adopted the decimal system, and with great advantage in every point of view. This advantage over our own present system we have now clearly shown to us by the most competent testimony indeed, the existing mode of calculation found no defender, and the gentlemen examined represent almost every class in society and every calling most interested in the subject.

On many points concerning the introduction of a decimal coinage there was a great difference of opinion, but on the one primary question is the change desirable 'none at all and we may observe here, that the total absence of all theoretical disquisition, and the thorough business-like and nrafikiml nuroose with which every witness gave the result of his thought and experience, are not the least recommendation of the tteporc wmcn embodies conclusions so arrived at. One of the evils of the aotual monetary system particularly urged on the committee was the necessity for harassing multiplication, and the reduction of pounds into shillings, pence, and farthings, and afterwards baok again by division into pounds. Mr. Bennoch, a commission warehouseman, says It is, in my judgment, a mass of evils and inconsistencies. It necessitates several processes of different calculations where one might serve for instanoe, here is a cost calculated of a manufactured article, requiring four different calculations and four different values to make out one simple cost of Ss.

2Jd. and it is next to impossible, in our present coinage, to give an accurate result; we must have a small fraction on each item left over, which would not be the case with the deoimal coinage, mis oust, toi five minutes, while in a deoimal system it might be done in the fraction of a minute." The same witness states further "To the merchant, and all others engaged in trade and commorco where book-keeping is necessary, a deoimal system is of high utility, for a simple process of multiplication and addition produces the result desired, while fewer figures are used. I hate taken two or three easy calculations for instance, if I wish to enter and carry out wnA -s wvtna nr nTiA mil ner vard. the Azures 799 embrace the foot decimally without calculation but if I have to reduce it into penoe and shillings, I have first to divide by 4, and then by 12, making 15 figures and five lineB to produce the result, 16s. 7Sd.

If I am quiok in mental arithmetic, and do not require to put my pen to paper, I have still the same mental working, which is so much time wasted. I may also refer to another fact, that if I wish to express 19s. or to enter it in columns of my book, I use six figures and three lines, where three figures 999 are enough and instead of three columns in our ledgers' and day-books, we need only two-a simple line to divide the pound sterling from its deoimal parte or we may have three columns, as now, one for pounds, one for florins, and one for mils, whioh would have this one advantage, aU our present books would be ruled correctly." w.oot.v witnnss examined before the committee agrees that decimal calculation will save labour and attain greater accuracy. Laurie thinks that the unequal divisions of the money of the present currency render all purchases much more complicated than they would be if a decimal coinage existed and, referring to foreign exchanges, he says" Franco gives us 25 francs and. 22 centimes, more or less, for our pound sterling.

This exchange is equivalent to 39 6-10ths mils per franc. If we Jjad a decimal money, we could probably purchase the franc at 39 mils, and have in all cases the turn of exchange in our favour." The opinion of Professor de Morgan is very decided he says "I should say that the present system prevents people from learning the common decimal arithmetie, their attention being too early called off to the subdivisions of the round or the acre, or the yard. I have seen a man of business, acute enough and of good understanding, multiply by 10, not by affixing a cipher, but using the multiplication table with each figure, and carrying in the usual manv norsons are no better nrftv 1 nave uu uuuv, acquainted with decimal arithmetic. I will speak now of acuumui. nniimwo in a matter relating estimating proportions in business, per centage ana pouna-aee A bankrupt's dividend is always reckoned by so much age.

a e. tjiI. in the nound. in the pound sterling ior Proitsh. general are reckoned by Per-centoge.

a matter of great obstruct on to business that it is not very 11 nf These into the other. Ask any one to tsv how tent nimsei witn a rougu nt able ana tn so. is 2 per ceni. mere to reckon the odd 1 jd. The present system makes a great many of the rules in books useless to moat of those nno learn them.

Every trade has its own system of arithmetic; and thero are tricks of arithmetic in all trades that are not known in other trades, and which they are obliged to invent for themselves. If a butcher's boy is calculating the price of a pound of meat, with the divisions of farthings and ounces, you will find him do that which a banker's clerk could not do, if his lite depended upon it. This makes a difference of system and arithmetic between different classes of the community. Most persons are not quick at arithmetic, in business, in any but their own particular matters." On this division of the aubjeot we must confine ourselves to one more extract, and that we will take from the evidence of Mr. Hankey, late governor of the Bank of England.

We have reserved this for the last, for iv sums up the ad- nf a decimal coinage. I think," Mr. Hankey, "it would lead to an at large throughout the country, who have now very little Knowledge 01 tue science, 11 1 may uo ww.wy., wetic. They make their calculations by a variety of, per in In it if the can will in of by as its in of In in a of a which roust devolve the proper, fulfilment add Working 'Out I mone juuiuiuvoiiiouvo -uv. -wllich1 we.

have so long" and so' anxiously Bniiiht. Not are we alone this opinion, uetore the expenmeui anoiupou tn nrantinal officers for their report upon it; and we believe that the inspector- generai anu bovdu 0 r-- vevors reported in the strongest manner against In opposition to this, however, the thing has been tried; but. the more those officers see of it its full operation, the more convinced are they the correctness of their former views. They know very well that it is an insult to the mercantile community to bring them into contact, in the way of business, with men who hitherto have been only too well satisfied to smoke and get drunk with the commonest of their sailors in the forecastles of their ships. And they know also that they cannot possibly have any knowledge of the goodB which tbey now have to examine for the only experience they ever had or could have that whioh they acquire by destroying such goods as they came in coutaot with in rummaging ships' holds; for it was to one of this grade that Mr.

W. Brown, M.P., was indebted fur the destruction of his property, and of whioh he was t.hfi Lords of the Treasury. But the inconvenience and delay to trade and commerce is a matter of the most serious consideration. Were it not for the assistance reudered those men by the weighers and porters on the quays in instructing them, and the way in which their accounts have been "cooked" up, the business of those docks in which the thing is in operation would have been brought to a complete standstill. We do not, however, blame those men, for there are none louder than some of themselves in their complaints against being coerced Vvo Tm-fro'mnTin nf duties of which thev are totally ignorant, and for which they are so wholly unfitting.

But we blame the originators of it; and while we condemn the Board iu the strongest terms for adopting it, we protest against its being extended beyond the period during which it was to be tried as an experiment. It will effect no saving in the expense and as it would seriously impair the efficiency of the service, it cannot be otherwise than attended with great risk to the revenue aud loss and vexatioa to the public. With some modifications the present practice is sufficiently satisfactory to all. Were the landing waitei'B empowered to deliver free, goods in all cases without waiting for the re-examination of the landing surveyor, it would be of great advantage to the merchants, and might be done without any danger to the revenue, as the surveyors could still make a casual inspection whenever it was convenient for them to do so; and with the officers who are called upon to attend during the extra hours that vessels may be working, fairly remunerated for their services, all cause of oomplaint would be removed, and things might go on satisfactorily enough in this branch of the business. LIVERPOOL ACADEMY EXHIBITION.

FIRST NOTICE. The exhibition of the Liverpool Academy of Art ha nnn Iiopti nnnn npnrlv H. forhniffht and time sufficient. has elapsed to obtain some idea ot public opinion on me character of the exhibition. A more varied display has probably never appeared on the walls, every class of art being represented by one or other ot the nrst masters 01 f.lin dn.v.

One thinar has been more particularly evident during the short period it has been open, namely, that there never was an exhibition in this town in which more varied and opposite opinions were entertained relative to the merits of the chief works exhibited. How is this, that people well and similarly educated should differ widely in their estimation of what are offered as first-rate wnrlr'n nf art Tn such a decree has this been carried in the present exhibition that we hesitate to write, being ashamed to utter the catalogue ot vituperations mat nns been so lavishly bestowed upon the prize picture, the Turner, the Happy Valley of Martin, and the Anthony works of art whioh the greatest minds of any time v. nrnii.1 nf nrndiioin? works which are the result 1 of studies the most profound and elevating, though of opposite tendencies and prinoipies ana wmcn it is evident, from the language used and ideas entertained by visitors, are not understood, therefore not appreciated. It will be our duty in these notices fully to explain the principles whioh govern and have led to the production of these and other noble works in the exhibition, and thua endeavour to show to the public that, by a due estimation of the motives of a painter (however he may differ from another) they will be able to enjoy all, instead of, as is the case at present, setting their approving smiles on one class of art or on one picture, and condemn others as unworthy (a most tender term, compared to some we have heard) to be seeg, or possessed. We have an idea what a Babel of opinions we should set in motion by asking a number of even well-educated persons what is their opiniou art should be We will ask them two plain questions, just to bring the matter into a debateable compass "Should art be an embodiment of ideas having a foundation in nature, but modified and beautified by passing through the mind man or, Should art be simply a reflex of nature, flUncumbered nr nninflnonned Ire anvthim? ideal Be careful how you answer these questions, or we shall assuredly entrap you into acknowledging as right that which you may have been condemning.

We have, however, no desire to do tliin. Onr nbienfc is to show that, by properly understand' ing the various principles aimed at and successfully treated in pictures of opposite character, you may have your powers of enjoyment enlarged and much irritation and ooridennation avoided and to this tasK we now devote ourselves. To comprehend thiB question in its full bearings, we must be aware that art has many modes of expression, all legitimate, very various, and in some instances very opposite, both in principle and manner of production nnd lin whn sfileota. or contents himself with a mere knowledge of, one or two of a thousand paths of art, and states tliAsn to ha the onlv roval roads of excellence, con demning all others as only leading to perdition, must be told that there are others traversing other paths widely nnort. with enna.1 admiration and nleasure and tnattnere area fan who have travelled all ways, and who, having reached the one summit to which they all aspire, tnougn by widely different paths, see, contemplate, and enjoy all with complacency; It maybe asked, "Has not all art the one great feature only to display, namely, imitation?" Imitetion.of whatl Well, we fancy we hear you saying, of nature.

Dear, simple reader, what an idea you must have of the manifold and mighty powers of art, whose mission is open to all possible and impossible things things of poetry, of allegory, of ideal conceptions of grandeur peopling the earth, and heavens, and nonexistent regions with beings and wild effects sublimities that never have been or can be, and which astonish and delight mankind' with their power and magnificence, though not tine lit, which takes its gigantic mguu through a world's history imprints its mighty events on the living oanvaa soars into the sacred regions of holy religion, and depicts the sorrows of the past, hopes of the future, and the blessings of piety, with solemnity and hfiiiiit.v. art. which traverses every domestic circle, gleaning passages of interest in the affeotions, the separations, and daily avocations of mankind; showing up virtuous principles to emulation; and lending its Sid to education, by exhibiting the varied phases of homely virtues to our imitation, Again, we ascend another path, and see art depicting a world in mist and beauty, dim and distant mountains, white snowy peaks and blue lakes, all the varietj and grandeur of earth's appearances, down to road-side bits and grassy nooks, all given for delight. Not a flower, or shell, or insect, a passing gleam or a soft shadow not a thought, fancy, or effect but has its representative principle and reflection in art. Can it be wondered at that so miffhtv aii arrav should require different modes of production? But it is our purpose to show that daoh tends to the one great end, the perfecting the objeats of ite intention.

We shall endeavour to make this as in structive as possible by exemplifying these various powers and modes, in order to come at some of the leading pictures in the exhibition, and in order to show the reader what has been aimed at by the artist, and what he has succeeded in. We shall thus be able to show that it is by such and such a standard only that certain pictures are to be judged and that, if you bring other than the one principle by whioh to judge of a certain picture, you steer in a wrong course, therefore do not arrive at the destination intended, and confusion and dissatisfaction necessarily ensue, i It must be particularly borne in mind that there are two great and leading raodea of interpreting nature, widely rliffArainfc. and which will be understood hv the fnllnwinnr. llL.j 1.1. -l xnai wniun.

guujeuu huiu uuueuiuu tuougutti ana experiences, cherishing remembered beauties and effeots, both of nature and means of expression, noting down iu moments of inspiration happy ideas of form, of arrangement, of and other accessories to a great work, and, uniting these to poetical imaginings, or readings of fiction, poetry, mythological history, or other events, produces a great whole, which has no reference to any one scene or effect as a likeness, but generalises effects abd forras into a magnificent picture, which is offered as ART not particular, nature, but a summing up of many beauties into one great manifestation, every principle of which its foundation in. nature, and is an ever-living truth, though not existing in reality as a whole. Such is considered by some to be the highest, greatest aim on of uf is nf nf is i all or it iiiw ou.u v. vv, Vm- suit, actually passing between the runaway legs without itionnvDnYir, liim I An noon as thev left the desArti. quitted his hiding place, some of the "natives" aiding mm, ana ne got ciear uu.

OOBASIO TBLSQBAPH LISE BETWEEN JSUBOPE AND AMERICA, We nave it stawa. to us, says tne Bangor Stale of Maine, on the authority of Mr. Robert Stephen- rnt in nAn nnmnaaK fliaf. ft rOOOnf. fllanntFar in faln graphing has been made which may work as great a raunlnt.inn in t.hfi world nf letters and of COmmernfi as Viat, been already effected by the oriakul application of elec- incuy or eiectro-niagueuhui lampyuntwv vi fccicgrapnic communication, or, Ik other words, the art of writing at "'v- UB proper to say that, heretofore, the most scientific obser- of eiectro.raagne;iSm haye 8upp08ed that there was a limit to the force or strength of the magnetic current upon any Riven circuit, and that, however nerfect.

current upon any given circuit, and that, however perfect might be the insulatisn of the submarine wire, the blow 1. or siluuK uuuiu uut uo ouuv uurus uiu aviuuui; uueuu. this belief a project has been formed for constructing a submarine telegraph between Great Britain and the TTnitnd Sfjvt.es bv a nirnnttmiH rnnto nnrnsfl t.hft straits and channels lying between the intermediate islands of the Northern Atlantic Ocean. Itwas proposed commence this line at the northerly parts of Scotland, thence to the Orknavs. thence to the Shetland aud Farnn ft Iceland, a distance of some 300 miles thence to the shores of Greenland, thence across land to Davis Strait, thence across saiu strait to tne lauraaor shore, thence by land to Quebec, JHr.

bteptienson states that a series of recent experiments has established the fact, that by forming a complete wire circuit, that is, by two connected wires, extended so as to return to the same point of departure, forming a complete metallic ff A nnnanfa tha ground, the galvanic current may be sent to any conceivable distance without loss or diminution of power. The supposed weakness of the current is to be attributed In ito iiilom-imtirtn rnau niirrnntjj. wh-inh CrnsS nUT- rents are overcome or avoided by the continuous wire circuit. In this way, doubling the expense of the sub marine cable, making with it a complete metallic circuit or double track by a return line, the galvanic current may i. 1 1 fvnm T.nnilmi f.n Portland or New York, or, at any rate, from Galway to t.

11 a tu: rtC (Jape ivace. It is Known, novrevei, tuu ima mwpio g. a metallic circuit was one of the first ideas in the tele graph but a subsequent discovery ot tne tact tnat one i- in Wo ovlli ynnjln a nnmillete circuit line ui wub iuoonu nuv r---- 1,,, moana olntin caused the oneinal method to oc laid aside, and finally abandoned. We cannot any onger doubt that the oceanic telegraph will be rea.ised, and that a line of wires will yet encircle the whole earth, brineine all parts of it into instantaneous communication ith each ottier. ic is lmpossiuio hm ieht to estimate or predict even the results of such a communication and we trust that the governments ot the United States and Ureal uritain win matter of an oceanic line on a scale commensurate with cnK n.

of distinct Its lmpurwuiue pm.iwuii wires, enclosed in one cable, as will supply the necessities 1 V.nft.tann Dill ot commerce ana luwjruuuwo America. AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, OR IGNO RANCE THIS fiiOMUTJJitt ui! rAiNiuis. (From the Circular to Bankers mi w. rtp nroant QiiVisnrlhfirs who in foi-- mer times were accustomed to look to the pages ot the f. infnrmatinn resnectinef the crops at the gathering in of the harvest in each year.

Such informa tion was sure to meet wuu mure wou uiu.uijr i whenever the uncertain state oi iu weanrei ws iu nrndiica a deficienov in quantity and an inferiority the quality of the crops. We have discontinued the practice 01 maKmg sucn statemeuis muui have felt that, at best, any statements founded upon the mere personal knowledge of an individual were vague and incomplete, and must fall far short of the required informa- tion to guide us in times oi a ueiiuieuu uu voav does not arise so much from the incapacity of an iudi- naturA nf nt-nns and the ouaiitv the orain na frnffi the verv limited field over which his judgment can be exercised. It is from having taken this view ot the question mat we nave euuunumijr nnWilv and nrivat.clv. the neces- upuil iuo r-- sity of taking an accurate survey of the extent ot land actually under cultivation, ana tne uwiiua miw vjiimjo grown upon it, in each county in the United Kingdom, j-: f.tmf wp barn aimnd at. JLU UUIUg Uiio no the practice of agriculture upon a much more elevated foundation, and oi removing it uuiu muse 1.5 unnecessary generalities which have so long been associated with its pursuits.

We are now arrived at another period when, if there be not an absolute famine, there is beyond all dispute a very great deficiency in the yield of grain, if not in the extent of land under cultivation. But we are as far off as ever from any data by which we can arrive at any accurate knowledge of either one or the other of these facts. And though we have hitherto failed in establishing anything beyond the mere admissions that it would be a very desirable thing to have an accurate survey of the extent and description of gram we actually grow, yet we proceed from one famine to another without making a single step in advance upon so important a nn.lnjM Wcm.11 tirtWAiiAr. hnne that Drancn or suemi kuuvtiswu. the circumstances by which we are surrounded at the pre sent time will give strengtn 10 tne reinavKs wmuu wo uo.

so frequently made upon this subject. If any argument were required to prove the utter uselessuess of the opinions of men whose experience gives considerable weight to what they advance, it will be found in the extraordinary discrepancy in their estimates of the deficiency of the present harvest, and the probable supplies we shall require to meet that deficiency. We find that some writers talk of eighteen million quarters of grain and one writer confidently asserts that "this country will certainly require an importation of eighteen million quarters of wheat between the harvests 1853 and 1854." But on what basis an estimate of 18 million quarters of wheat can be made we are wholly at a loss to conceive. We believe our requirements in 1847 were nearer than any year by which we can approach a fair estimate, as we stated last week with regard to the cost of grain. Our imports of wheat in that year amounted to 2,650,090 quarters, and of flour to 6,328,024 making a total of 4,458,096 quarters.

The quantity entered for consumption was 2,851,893 quarters of wheat, and 6,810,843 cwts. of flour, being equivalent to 4,797,891 quarters. Nowf if in the year 1847 less than five million quarters of wheat and flour were imported, and were sufficient to reduce the prices from 102s. 5d. per quarter in May to 49s.

6d. a quarter in September, must not the estimated demand for 18 million quarters of wheat, or even 10 millions, be a most exaggerated one, and founded neither on reason nor analogy Danicers ana the facts of the case We nnd upon -no subject na.oanoilaainiiia nf tigtahliMhinc an nmnion of their own as upon the abundance or deficiency of the harvest. But the supply of food for a great nation should be known with as much accuracy as the estimates of the revenue and expenditure. We are accustomed to regard with no small degree of censure those we denominate specu- .1 ft.n lators in grain. nut wny are uieir apKumvmus 1.0-quently carried to such an extent that ruinous consequences ensue The reply is, simply because they do not know what we grow and they therefore know not what we ought to import.

We have been told by some of the largest importers of foreign grain that nothing would be so valuable to them as the collection of agricultural statistics at a proper period, on which they could rely for the extent of land under cultivation, of each kind of grain the yield being easily determined with sufficient accuracy. It is well known that no article of daily consumption is so soon reduced in price as wheat, when the supply is in excess of the demand. But when one authority tells us that we require 10,000,000 of quarters, and nnn.UAV 1ft flfln. flflft millinrw tn mpaf. nnr demands in the coming year, who can regulate his transactions with safety xne consequence is mat Dauaers, lueruiuiuui, agriculturists, and the public, all run the risk of suffering from this system of groping in the dark.

This is an age of facts with regard to scienoe, why not with regard to agriculture It is mere childishness to tell us we caniot reckon the acres a man tills if we can discover how many windows there are in the country. We believe that we have failed in acquiring this information because a set of theorists have demanded too much for the government to accomplish, and by burthening the farmer with too many details. We would recommend that every occiipier of land should simply give his name, address, the quantity of land he occupies, and the nature of its produce. This would be requiring only what could De done witnout eitner trouoie or annoyance, nut su ive us a ueoire 13 ttcLlL- ujp iu KUttw now UKLuy uujseo, uuiiu.ii sheep, dogs, cats, are kept by the farmer, the subject is encumbered by a variety of useless expense and trouble, and is exposed to innumerable objections. The only reply that has been obtained from government respecting the statisticsiof agriculture has been that they are waiting to receive some plans which are being carried out in Scotland, and that they intend to try a single county in England, We need not say that such patching to accomplish a great social work is wholly unworthy of the government of a great industrial community.

Then as to the a.nn,..a. tliava nn nnwU.nl nf tlio mltlllC OADiiai. nujj vi.u.w 'o uu wviiaiuiiiciiu ui vu. revenue so uselessly squandered away as that comprehends the statistics of our trade and commerce. We bring no charge against any individual for its mismanagement.

It is the system of which we complain; for many of these returns are rendered wholly useless by the delay in issuing them. We may take the agricultural statistics of Ireland as an illustration. These ponderous volumes afford no information on tne question of grain to be used at the proper time. And :1 x.j 1.1.-1. bn made uo imieuiieu iiiat similar reiuiua onv.

England, they will be more likely to find their tne nutter snops tnan into tne chant or corn-dealer. We think it cannot be too forcioiy impressed upon those who are desirous to put an the intolerable ignorance we are under tent of our grain crops that we should adopt, in ne 1 1 rimn an the collection oi instance at least, a very simple piannB uld them should be simultaneous, at a pei.uu be impossible to give a false return w.tho "Swj shouldbe fbnwr ded to th establishment by a certain date, made pub iww all possible spoed in a summary io.u. WhPy should Such a mystorj be made W6 Will venture iuim 0 erKS arrange the returns and a good stafi 'of iBt of would have them complete harvest. And vague we shall always becompel kd to trust toalsrt and speculative opinions iw-ye Thoma. Gibb, 1M8.

house door onen, after having DroKen open tne Deoroom rve cannot no mtiwiw dZ fa a box, from which he took upwards of merchants should he panic-stricken when they find state-Sin cold and silver, together with his wife's wedding ments such as these put forward by respectable autbo-rine leaving Mr, Millichamp only one penny, two half- rities. But we ask wty the counky should be under neiSe 3 twofarthings, it being all the money he had the necessity of depending upon such contradictory and Sow to the world. Mr? Millichamp is but a recent begin- alarming statements, and especially concurrence with LrinbS has been married only about six or other difficulties, when 1 we have the means of arriving We cannot be therefore surprised tnat other seven montns. a hension Of the base wretch guilty of this- horrid violation of the laws of humanity. Birmingham Mercury.

A foTti ilava aon a fil.TTIlpp nf A nf io nffflpfiH fnr tlin annrft the name of Atkin, 111 the neighbourhood of Hamelton, was examining ins ua omri required some stones, he lifted a pretty large one and i.u ITV.O Bfnnp rt fnllivity namnin nnntant tnrew n. ou wo with another, which produced fire. Immediately a fearful explosion took place, with a sound like the discharge of a cannon, and the whole surface of the dam was on fire. The astonished farmer took to his heels, impressed with the idea that his flax was destroyed by fire from heaven, and that his own life was also in danger, Having recovered from his fright, he aud a neighbour whom he met, and who had also heard the sound, returned to the dam, where, to his further astonishment, he found his flax safe, and no more appearance of fire than before he threw the stone. Chemists affirm that vegetable matter immersed in water, and exposed to strong solar influence, produces oxygen, one of the fluids that compose the atmosphere and this fluid or gas being of an inflammable nature when brought in contact witn nre, lmmeuiaieiy lgiuieo mm explodes.

If this be true, then this strange circumstance is explained but not to the mind of the affrighted farmer, who may never have heard of such a thing as chemistry in his life; it will, therefore, remain to him a problem unresolvable during the remainder of his days, and will be set down in nis minu aa a waiiimg u.inai iramw Correspondent of the Berry Journal. Extraordinary Robberies and Occurrences on the Eastern Counties Railway. Several robberies having been committed from the luggage trains on the Eastern Counties Railway, on their way from the ter-: minus at Shoreditcb to the different stations along the line, considerable mystery prevailed among the officials and servants of the company, how the various missing articles could be abstracted from the vans, and the only solution mkinl. nnl nmnuJ nt tt n.Mr was tnat as iixv wm, iuwu great speed, were in motion, the depredator or depredators jumped on the train from either side of the line. The ground for this opinion also obtained corroboration the circumstance that packages have been found on different parts of the line, which, it was supposed, had been thrown by a person on the train.

In order to detect tne tlliei a Iliau ws unuucarcu in uuc ui lira viua, n.V.n nwnan frtv ODVATal YlichtR TOlt.Vl t.hfi tmin. fin nno UI IjUCSe JUUIllOJ'a WHO gUWlU OUUUVUIJ wj finding that a man had jumped alongside of him, and 1-- 11. Ct aima rllafaHna laannJ -C 4.1 woe, c.llanl,, alaimiafl WnO IiaU eVlUeillliy, AIIiGI muiuug VUOiauW, 1W)JWI from the line into the vehicle. The guard secured hold nf l.a mnn tuVrn Tint. pvTipntincp tn Smnftt with simK a visitor, called out "murder," but his cries were not heard by the engine driver or the other guard.

When the train stopped at Chelmsford the man was given into custody, and he was tried and convicted at the last county sessions. The man confessed that he had been in the habit of springing into the vans of luggage trains. when he flung out packages at spots which were agreed upon between him and his confederates, and that when the train reached the station lie contrived to escape. ITkaro ia Ye lliMlllf fhat thfl RP.1I1A HVfitAm nf is practised on other lines to a great extent. As it was supposed that the practice still continued, some time.

since Inspector Goring (an aotive officer of the division), who is attached to the goods station of the tj. aiijifi, uoquoi.il wumwa MRituRj, vuuiouuviij ouucavuureu to apprehend the confederates of any one who might be in the vans. Late at night he and a policeman of the company were walking by the side of the line, near the Tern-nlfi MiIIr. Tottenham, whern tlmv nhonnrofl enm. Mni.

ages on the marshes. After they were, there a few 1 wiuo uuiiiv minutes three men came up, among whom, a dispute arose about the spot where they expected to findthe booty. They at length found the when, on going to it, the inspeotor dashed among them, followed by the constable they all quickly ran away. The nian pursued by the inspector ran at hW utmost speed, and flung himself into the River Lea. The inspector followed and overtook him a struggle took place in the at mater, uuriug wuiuu uiu man got away, anct reached the bank.

The inspector pursued him there, when, being olosely he again jnm'pdd' by Mr. Goring, who lost sight of Wit yuddehlv. "It' fs supposed he is drowned.