The Austin American from Austin, Texas • 24

Case of Muhammad Ali The Ultimate Civil Disobedience (MPUQHQD Read by the Decision-Makers of Texas Wednesday, May 3, 1967 rliii nirkmS esr --48 -e A hundred thousand Muhammad Alis, of course, could be jailed. But if the Johnson administration had to prosecute 100,000 Americans in order to maintain its authority, its real power to pursue the Vietnamese war or any other policy would be crippled if not destroyed. It would then be faced, not with dissent, but with civil disobedience on a scale amounting to revolt. Muhammad Ali is not trying to inspire such a movement; given the difficulties of organizaton and the personal and social' dangers to all involved, it is unlikely to develop at all. Yet, this strange, pathetic Negro boxer, superbly gifted in body, painfully warped in spirit, has shown far more intelligent and knowledgeable men the -logical outcome of a dissent that does not finally concede" the right of majority government to govern, as well as the ultimate danger to a government that outrages a powerful and passionate minority.

different thing from conscientious objection, as that concept is now set forth in the law and as it has been interpreted by the courts. A conscientious objector is one who can clearly establish that he is opposed to all wars and all killing either 'because of religious teaching or "a given belief that is sincere and meaningful, and occupies a place in the life of its possessor parallel to that filled by the orthodox belief in God. There is a reasonable legal and administrative route through which a conscientious objector can obtain relief. Ali has made no such claim and few of those who object strongly to the Vietnamese war could make it, or would even wish to. Yet, if large numbers of these dissenters simply refused military service what could the government of a democracy do? The prevention of illegal acts is one thing, forcing citizens to take a positive step against their will is another.

Ali causes no particular problem outside of his personal notoriety. If he is held legally liable for induction and continues his refusal to take that oath, he can be jailed. Nor is there any suggestion, so far, that Ali is concerned with anything more than his own case, or understands its real significance. The fact is, however, that he is taking the ultimate position of civil disobedience: He is refusing to obey the law of the majority on grounds of his personal beliefs, with full knowledge of the possible consequences. A single question sets forth the problem this raises in a democratic society: What would happen if all young men of draft age took the same position? What, indeed, would happen if only, say, 100,000 young men flatly refused to serve in the armed forces, regardless of their legal position, regardless of the consequence? This would be an entirely citizen may claim one of these exemptions.

Through these "processes, Ali has made the claim that he is a minister of the Black Muslim religion and therefore entitled to a clergyman's exemption from selective service. He also has charged that he is a victim of racial and other discrimination. Both administratively and in the courts, all these claims have been dismissed as without merit, and Ali's induction has been ordered. A final legal appeal is still pending but however it comes out, the issue raised by the remarkable Ali remains, because he has made it quite clear that whether or not the courts finally rule in his favor, whether or not the government, in both its administrative and judicial processes, has given his claims due and fair hearing whether or not, in short, his position is legally justified, he will simply refuse to serve in the armed forces. As one individual, of course, By TOM WICKER (c) 1967, New York Times New Servic WASHINGTON Muhammad Ali, the loquacious heavyweight boxer, has participated in so many farcical weighing-in exercises, news conference and boxing matches, that it is tempting to regard his refusal to enter the armed forces as just one more happening staged to drum up a few laughs, a few headlines and a bigger gate for the next bout.

In fact, whether he knows it or not, Ali has raised one of the sharpest and most difficult questions to answer in a democratic society. What happens when enough citizens simply refuse to obey the positive commands of government and of the national majority? That is what Ali is doing, since Selective Service is a clearly legal act of Congress that provides certain exemptions, as well as administrative and 1 al processes through which a Page 24 Austin, Texas ft I tax JBKfc--i INTERNAL EVtfiJ6 TAKE 5ATfc Smal1 Society Wber'on Stor Syndleot. Inc. NOTICE op YOUR oYcoTr IP YOU HAP A Allan Shivers, Man in The News Political Career Like a UPI Telephoto BREAK IN FIGHTING US ma rine massages his weary feet as he lied troops were trying to dislodge and buddies rest during break in North Vietnamese occupying twin heavy fighting north of Khe Sanh, peaks in the area near the North-South Vietnam. American and al- South Vietnam border.

Stalin's Editorials Daughter Her Message Eisenhower, he was trounced four years later in a fight with Sen. Lyndon B. Johnson for chairmanship and control of the state's delegation to the Democratic National Convention. Then, a little more than a month later, at the state convention, the moderates behind Johnson and Rep. Sam Rayburn supplanted the "Shivercrat" state executive committee with one of more liberal hue.

But Shivers, who held the governorship for an unprecedented three terms, won the acclaim of most of his constituents for improvements in education, highways, state hospitals, prison management and other fields. And he represented the majority of Texans when he opposed racial I. strength is not in its military might nor the economic well-being its citizens enjoy, important though these are. America's real strength lies in its continued faith in the ideals on which it was founded, the ideals of free thought and speech and opportunity and the dignity of the individual ideals which impelled all the millions whq have come to our shores through the years. The daughter of Joseph Stalin would not have come to America were we but a mirror image of the Soviet Union a totalitarian system of the right opposing one of the left.

Others, who cannot come, would not look to America as Freedom's homeland and hope were we to adopt the methods of our opponent in order to defeat him. The end to the Cold War, the reign of true peace throughout the world, is not going to come about as the result of some great military victory over communism. It will be with us only when people like Mrs. Alliluyeva no longer have to leave their native lands to find a place "where one can feel free." If some of the more impatient among us ran the United States, Mrs. Svetlana Alliluyeva would never have come to this country.

She would have died long ago, along with tens of millions ofother Russians (and Americans), in a holy war of good against evil. Fortunately, common sense on both sides has never permitted that holocaust to occur. Because it has not occurred, Americans are becoming acquainted with a woman who impresses all who meet her with her gracio.usness and intelligence and humanity. There is a lesson here, and it is not that Americans are better people than Russians. Mrs.

Alliluyeva has shown that we are all human beings, sharing the same hopes and desires and a spiritual need. She has shown that decency and the dream of freedom are common to all people and can be present even in one raised in the dark shadows of the Kremlin. How many others like her must there be behind the Iron Curtain? The lesson is that America's real Brickman Novel Marialice Shary on a yachting trip. They were married on his 30th birthday. The bride's father was considered among the wealthiest men in the state, and when he died Shivers became general manager of i business, Shary Enterprises.

He was in his second term as lieutenant governor when the governor, Beauford Jester, died on a train. Succeeding to the post, Shivers came into his own quickly. His command of the party organization spread and deepened, and his conservative "Shivercrat" wing held the tiller until the Johnson victory in 1956. Shivers decided to support Gen. Eisenhower for President after the governor had presented an ultimatum to Adlai E.

Stevenson, the Democratic nominee, on the tidelands oil issue. Texas wanted to control the Texas offshore When Stevenson refused to promise to uphold the claims of the tidelands states, Shivers refused to support him. A month before the election he said: "I fear that Stevensonian will be Trumanism with a Harvard accent." Until two years ago, Shiver operated the Western Pipe a pipeline builder. Since disposing of that concern he has concentrated on the affairs of companies in which he holds directorships, including' the Celanese the Dresser Texas Gulf Sulphur and Global Marine. Despite all of his activities, Shivers likes to spend time with his family hunting and fishing.

Three of his four children, Allan Marialice Sue and Brian, live at home in Austin. The Shivers family occupies the old Pease mansion, a showplace built in 1855 for Gov. Elijah M. Pease. The oldest son, John who has three children, works at a bank in Austin and will be an across-the-street neighbor of the Pat Nugents (Luci Johnson) in their new home this summer.

American DAVE SHANKS Editor-in-Chief BOB G. ROGERS Managing Editor BILL WOODS City Editor Comment Work Also Going Out To Suburb WASHINGTON (AP) New jobs are increasingly following the flight to suburbia and leaving behind impoverished city dwellers who need work most, a Labor Department study said Tuesday. Payroll employment has soared in the suburbs compared with downtown areas, said the report in the department's monthly labor review. Metropolitan transportation systems, geared to getting larger numbers of people to work downtown and home again at night, make it even tougher for those in the city to work in the suburbs, the report said. Transit fares have risen twice as fast as the cost of operating a car, it added.

"It would cost a worker in Harlem $40 a month to commute by public transportation to work in an aircraft plant in Farmingdale, Long Island," according to estimates by New York City's traffic commission, the report said. Most of the jobs are too distant and difficult to reach for unemployed city residents, added the report by Dorothy K. Newman of the Division of Economic Studies in the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The movement of new office buildings, factories, amusement centers, schools and hospitals is especially marked in northern cities, the report said. A study of building permits for 1960-65 showed that more than half the value of new office buildings went to the suburbs in Boston, Chicago, a Detroit, Philadelphia and Washington, the report said.

Many of the new jobs created by this movement, it said, could be filled by poor and unemployed city dwellers if they could get to them. Most of these city residents are Negroes, it added. "One of the prime causes of this failure to match available jobs with available personnel is the movement of new jobs into the suburbs and out of large central cities," the report said. "It is in these cities that unemployment, underemployment and poverty are greatest," it added. The growth rate of population, business and employment is greater in the suburbs, the report said.

"Department store sales, for example, have risen much more in the outskirts of major metropolitan areas than in their central cities," it added. WORLD ALMANAC FACTS Traitors, subversives and underground resistance fighters have often been referred to as a "fifth column," says The World Almanac. The phrase originated during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). Emilio Mola. one of Franco's generals, said that he was leading four columns cf troops against Madrid and then declared that he had a "fifth column" ot supporters within the city who would help him during the fight CoprrifM woMr Enterprise Awn.

Ascendant Astrology Science Swin integration in the public schools. Shivers has been in many ways a political charm boy. He has independent means, an attractive family and a handsome bearing. He is soft-spoken (President Eisenhower once had to cup his ear to hear him) and he can effect a convincing humility. He was born on Oct.

5, 1907, in the piney-woods town of Lufkin in east Texas, where his father was a clerk. (He later became a judge.) Robert Allan worked through the University of Texas law school and started in politics as assistant sergeant-at-arms in the state's House of Representatives. Soon the 6-foot-2, 200-pounder became senator from Jefferson County, at 27 the youngest senator in Texas history. The next year he met born under the sign of Leo to marry, buy a girdle or have a baby. The same hour, to a woman bom under Scorpio, might be a disaster.

When an astronomer a scientist who studies celestial phenomena hears forecasts like these, he is likely to shudder, or swear, or both. Dr. Gibson Reaves, professor of astronomy at the University of Southern California, who has done research on astrology even crazier when you study said: "As a science, astrology died in the middle of the 17th century. It remains dead as a science because it simply does not work. That is, predictions or evaluations that include the astrological interpretation of horoscopes are not significantly more accurate than those that can be made without astrology or horoscopes." The Austin gmg Discouragement In Alliance (c) 1967, New York Times News Service WASHINGTON For a brief period after he bolted the Democratic Party and delivered Texas to the Republicans under Dwight D.

Eisenhower in 1952, Robert Allan Shivers (he has never used his first name) was almost as much a national as a state figure. Since then, however, the 59-year-old former governor of Texas has been active primarily in the business life of the nation. Tuesday he became the 40th president of the US Chamber of Commerce. His political career was much like the basis for a well-written novel, building adroitly to a climax and then tapering off to a logical conclusion. After he led his fellow Texans into the Republican Camp for Gen.

Dead (c) 19B7 New York Times News Service NEW YORK Nowadays, when the rich and their pet designers get together, the conversation is as likely to be about "my astrologer" as it used to be about "my phychiatrist." For many members of the fashion crowd and a shot of others in less rarefied circles the stars are doing much more these days than just twinkling. Vicor Joris, designer for Cuddlecoat, refuses to fly unless his horoscope indicates that travel conditions are favorable. Mrs. Robert Scull, whose husband owns taxicabs and collects pop art, follows astrology "like mad" because it helps keep her mind off the Vietnam war and the fact that her son is draft age. Bill Blass.

the designer, has the British magazine Queen airmailed to him so its astrology column won't be out of date. And Mrs. Francis Du Pont, widow of the financier, has been known to conclude business deals at 3:30 a.m. because her astrologer deemed that time propitious. "I'm like Dr.

Dior I wouldn't dream or opening a collection without consulting my astrologer," said Adele Simpson, who was a student of astrology even before its current revival. Born under the sign of Capricorn a Miss Simpson said she planned all her showings for the 28th of the month because she and her five sister were all born on that day. So was her daughter and her grandchild. Mainbocker said he had planned to be an opera singer until Evangeline Adams, the I tv i 4v- i I. t.

I s. I. Other indicators are equally disappointing. One of the goals set for the alliance was a home for every family. To accomplish this idealistic goal, approximately 3 million new units would be required each year for the next 30 years.

The current rate of construction is 400,000 units annually. Another goal established at the beginning of the alliance was to extend life expectancy by five years in 1970 by attacking primitive health conditons. It is now recognized that another decade at least will be required to reach this goal. Another principal goal to give every Latin child six years of schooling as of 1970 is simply dismissed as beyond attainment. Predictions are made by the committee that things this year will be better than last.

That is not much consolation. An insight intq the magnitude of the Alliance for Progress failure is gained by the annual report of the project. Issued by the eight-member Inter-American Committee on the alliance, the latest report shows little noticeable improvement. Food production actually declined slightly in 1966, after annual increases averaging 4.5 per cent since 1961. A drought is the reason given for this failure.

It is difficult to find an explanation so convenient, however, for the remainder of the picture. Last year the sum total of goods and services in the Latin countries grew by little more than one per cent barely in line with the expanding population. The annual gold of expansion set in 1961 was 2.5 per cent. Such a record is not in sight from one year, let alone as, a continuous attainment. astorloger who is alleged to have advised J.

P. Morgan on financial matters, told him in the early 1920s that he would become famous instead in a field involving "Color and moving figures." "I was terribly upset at first," the designer said. "But eventually I became editor of Paris Vogue and eventually I became a designer. It kind of makes one wonder." Another young designer. Tiger Morse, is doing a line of sweatshirts that will have the zodiac signs where the name of a college would ordinarily appear.

A permanent, prominent Calirornian Mrs. Sven Lokrantz of old-guard Los Angeles society said she never gave a party unless the date was approved by Carroll Righter, an astrologer who often reads the stars for the movie stars. "The only party I didn't check with Carroll turned out to be a disaster," Mrs. Lokrantz said. "The Swedish glugg caught fire and burned the dining hall." Approximately 18 million Americans are interested in astrology, according to Paul R.

Grell, executive secretary of the American Federation of Astrologers. In essence, the theory of astrology is that the character of every human being is ditermined by the position of the stars planets, sun and moon at the moment of his birth. Therefore he is affected, for better or worse, by the changing position of the heavenly bodies all through his life. This, at noon on July 4 might be a good tre a woman UT Prof a Pulitzer Prize Winner RICHARD F. BROWN PUBLISHER CHARLES E.

GREEN Executive Editor P. F. FINCHER Circulation Director EVERETT BUSHELL Advertising Director CHESTER SURBER Retail Advertising Mgr. Editorials this worldwide recognition to the campus at Austin. And, in the realm of history, there hase been none of the controversy clouding some of the Pulitzer awards, in which charges of sociological bias and crusading were aimed at some of the decisions.

Dr. Goetzmann's high honor is another mark of the level of scholarly achievement and intellectual prestige in which the University of Texas through its faculty is taking its place among the truly great institutions of education. RAYMOND BROOKS Scholarship is where you find it. The spread and depth and many-faceted aspects of mature scholarship is almost as amazing on the plus side as the more visible mental degeneracy of popular "trends" oa the other. It should be no surprise that a University of Texas professor, who hasn't figured in the news, should turn up as the Pulitzer prize winner for the year in history.

Dr. William H. Goetzmann, who has been on the University faculty for three years, is a former professor at Yale and the author of several volumes, brought I Tht reactor of tfi Auttin American-Statesman reflect many divan opinions and Therefore the American-State tmon preientt editorial page whose opinions and viewpoints alto are widely diverse. They da not necessarily represent those ef the American-Statesman itself. We reserve our own comment for the iiironaiv.