The Austin American from Austin, Texas • 1

I Cost of Rockets High The United States has developed a new rocket which exceeds all others yet produced in efficiency. The production cost is high and must be paid for partially through war bonds. Help your country and protect your future prosperity by investing in the government securities. mm Volume 31 3 SECTIONS 42 PAGES AUSTIN, TEXAS, SUNDAY, APRIL 22, 1945 Number 325 Bologna Falls Small Nations Seek Greater-Voice in Meet SAN FRANCISCO, April 21. (AP) Expansion of the proposed world security council to give small nations a greater voice on issues of war and peace was demanded Saturday by representatives of Latin American countries arriving for the United Nations conference which opens next Wednesday.

ink Torn snyiinnioifi) mm 17 To Allies In Push on Po Victory Is Termed i Beginning of Final Victory in Italy ROME, April 21. (UP) Bologna, gateway city to the rich Po river valley and key to all north Italy, fell to a converging attack by the US fifth and the British eighth armies Saturday. Special announcements by Field Marshal Sir Harold R. L. G.

Alex The Latins conference plans 9th's Russ Dash Explains udderv Stop Texan Advises Patience With Peacemakers Rayburn Says Hot By WES GALLAGHER MAGDENBURG, Germany, April 21. (AP) The great Russian breakthrough on the eastern front, with latest reports putting the red army 35 miles from the Elbe river, explains why the US ninth army has been sitting on the Elbe for more than a week. It seems obvious that the western front has been coordinated with the eastern front for present operations. The day after the ninth army stopped on the Elbe and failed to exploit its bridgehead across the river, the Russians kicked off in their big Berlin drive, which now has all the aspects of the avalanche-like power that the western allies' drive from he Rhine displayed. The ninth army had the troops, supplies and power to go on.

It still has them, and many artillery men had thought it would have taken no more than 10 days to put them into Berlin. However, had the ninth gone on while the Russians kicked off on their drive, the troops would have become so entangled that it would have been difficult to tell who was fighting whom, and there would have been grave national incident of Americans clashing with Russians. rIX 20 mkk Sl67 Avoiding Incident The eastern and western fronts are not under one commander, and are not easily controlled as are allied army groups such as the British and Americans, who have been working side by side with good liaison. When the eastern and western fronts came close enough to unite, it was a military necessity for one force to halt along some well-defended line and wait Only in this way could an incident be avoided. May Give Up Territory Apparently the joint chiefs of staff decided that the Elbe river would be the halting line.

The Americans reached it first and stopped. Just what caused the Elbe line to be set, or when, was not apparent, but since the American and British armies got well across the Weser river they have probably been fighting in territory which is assigned for Russian occupation after the war. Both the Americans and British may give up to the Russians some of the territory they now hold. Rich Prestige Plum The capture of Berlin, however, is a rich prestige plum (some words apparently omitted at this point, (Continued on Page 10, Col. 1) US-Russian Juncture Is Prosperous Nazis Forced To Disinter Massacred Debate Inevitable At San Francisco By PAUL BOLTON Amwican-Stt-mn Correspondent WASHINGTON, April 21 Advice to the people of Texas who may become impatient over the prospects for world peace while the sound and fury is raging- at San Francwco: Sit tight and await results.

Don't get discouraged at the inevitable period of discussions. The advice is paraphrased from the words of a man who is wise in the ways of politics a man who but for a stacking of the card? might be president today. He is Sam Ray-burn of Bonham. Texas, speaker of the house of representatives. You cannot talk with Sam Ray-burn without being deeply impressed with his earnest solicitude that out, of the San Francisco shall come the first house of peace a house which may seem to some to have queer architectural lines, but nevertheless, a house.

Pets It in Vernacular He sat at the long table in his private "room" across from the house cafe in the capitol and put the case into a homely East Texas phrase: "We beat up a lot of underbrush but we usually find the big It was his way of explaining what the people may expect from San Francisco: Acrimonious debate over special problems incident to setting up a world agency. Times when the cause may 6eem lost. Times when it may seem that all negotiations have broken down. But after the sound and fury has passed, the basic aim of the conference will be realized: An agency of the nations, dedicated to peace. Another who was present suggested a simile to which the speaker concurred: "The important thing is that the baby be born.

It may (Continued en Page 10, CoL 4) Centex Streams Reported Rising TEMPLE. April 21. (JPh-Many Central Texas streams pushed over their banks Saturday and several highways were closed as heavy rains drenched the area. Temple, with five inches, had its heaviest rain in 15 years. The Little river, largest tributary of the Brazos, was out-of-banks at the town of Little River and lowlands east of the town in Bell and southern Milam county were flooded.

Traffic was halted on highway 85 between Temple and Taylor and on numerous lateral roads. Traffic on US highway 81 from Tem ple to Belton and Austin was rerouted to highway 317 as waters from Little Peppers creek sloshed over the artery most of the day. The Leon river was up 14 feet at the Temple pumping station. The Lampasas river was expected to jump its banks Saturday night even as Salado creek, which joins the Leon and Lampasas to form the Little, was already flooding low areas. Ross Jenkins, county agent at Lampasas, said Sulphur creek, which last spring flooded the city's business district, was at floods tage after near-seven inches of rainfall during the past 48 hours.

Recurrence of last May's was not expected, he said, since the stream's channel had been cleared. German Liner Crowded With Refugees Sinks MALMOE, Sweden. April 21. (JP) The liner Pretoria of the German East Africa lines, loaded with refugees and bound for Copenhagen, struck a mine south of Ore- sund and sank within a few minutes early Friday, reports from Denmark said. GARDELEGEN, Germany, April 20.

(Delayed) (UP) American soldiers who have learned to hate stood guard Friday while fat, prosperous nazi civilians disinterred with shovels and their bare hands 500 corpses hastily buried after a wanton massacre Friday. More than 1.100 anti-nazi French, Belgians, Russians, Poles Germans Say Russians 4 1-2 iles in City Berlin Area Almost Encircled Before Troops Make Entry By United Pivsc -s, The three Russian tank spearheads which crashed into Berlin's northeastern and eastern, outskirts Saturday were fighting toward the German capital's circular boulevard as whole sections of the city flamed under intensive aerial bombardment and shelling. The three columns drove Into Berlin's city limits from the northeast, the east northeast and from the east. These drives were launched from Bernau, Wriezen and Kues-trin. Head for Main Avenues The immediate objective of the Soviet forces appeared to be to get onto the three main avenues terminating at the circular boulevard the Griefswalder strasse, Landsber-ger avenue and the Frankfurter strasse.

Those three great streets converge at the Alexander Platz. Great fires raged in many parts of the city as the Russians forced the last German defenses east and northeast of the capital and penetrated the outskirts. Crash Fortifications Soviet artillery Saturday night crushed the last belt of fortifications with massed fire and also lobbed shells Into the center of the city, adding to the great destruction already wrought by allied and Red airforce bombings. German forces now are pinned inside Berlin with their westward and southward retreat lines virtually severed. Unless the Germans surrender what remains of Berlin will suffer the same fate as Budapest which was devastated block by block in savage street fighting.

Close to Dresden Also Even as the curtain rose on the battle for Berlin, an equally decisive battle was approaching a conclusion further south where the Reds captured a series of bastions defending the northeastern and eastern outskirts and were rapidly con-vxerging on the capital of Saxony. Soviet artillery was within shell-Intf ritatanr nf nregden in a semi circular arc, stretching from the northeast to tne east. The advance of Soviet forces toward Dresden's outskirts again reduced the width of the German es cape corridor to Czechoslovakia and brought advanced Russian elements within a rwlativelv short distance of American forces operating west of the erne in tne cnemnnz sector. Hit Under Den Linden Soviet, shells were whinlnff and crashing into Under Den Lander, in Berlin, tne enemy iaaing raaia said, and 10 Russian armies were lunging against the city in a mighty assault. Massed Russian tank forces, possibly under the personal direction of Premier Josef Stalin, smashed the German lines in a vast three-continued on Page 10, CoL 3) US Planes Bomb Escape Route LONDON.

April 21. (UP) More than 350 US eighth air force Flying Fortresses, es cored by 400 Mustangs, blasted rail facilities and airfields of three German cities Saturday, in the sixth straight day of an air offensive to disrupt German transport. Flying through what returning crewmen described as some of the worst weather they ever encountered, the planes attacked Munich, In-goldstadt and Landsberg. Six bombers were missing. Saturday's raid made one of the 10 most heavily bombed German cities.

More than 10.500 tons of bombs have been dropped on the city, still a local point for the remaining enemy railway system in southern Germany. Ingoldstadt, 45 miles of Munich on the Danube, is one of the main escape routes south from Nuern- berg, which fell to allied troops Friday, and has extensive rail repairing shops. Airfields were hit at Landsberg, SO miles west of Munich. The operations Saturday followed up attacks on Berlin Friday night by RAF Mosquito bombers. The bomb-battered German capital was raided six times during the night.

The fast bombers dropped 4.000 pound bombs. There was no antiaircraft fire. More than 400 ninth air force fighter bombers ripped communication lines between Prague and Pil-sen, destroying 46 planes and damaging 19 on the ground. Other ninth air force bombers attacked Attnanglucheim railyards in Austria, on the main line to Salzburg. The first tactical airforce flew 420 sorties in the Nuernberg-Augs- cover three main points: 1.

A demand for four more tern porary seats on the security coun cil, which under the Dumbarton Oaks plan has five permanent big power seats and six which change periodically for the other nations The Latins said they would like to reserve these four for themselves. 2: A prediction that Brazil would seek an additional permanent seat on the council for one of the Latin American nations. 3. A strongly-expressed intention to dovetail the inter-American system into the proposed world organization without weakening the hemisphere arrangement. The three principal delegates- Foreign Ministers Stettinius, Eden of Britain and Molotov of Russia- are not expected here until immediately before the conference opening Wednesday.

The Washington meetings on the issues of Polish representation were regarded (Continued on Page 11, Col. 3) Peace Meet To Test Wisdom Of Men, Hull Says Ex-State Secretary Cannot Take Place As Senior Adviser WASHINGTON, April 21. (UP) Former Secy, of State Cordell Hull "the father of the united nations," told the allies Saturday night that the San Francisco world security conference will be "an acid test of whether mankind has' suffered enough and learned enough." The 73-year-old statesman an nounced in a letter "to Secy, of State Edward Stettinius, that he would be unable to take his place as sen ior adviser to the United States delegation when Pres. Truman starts the conference with a broad cast of welcome from the White House next Wednesday, 1 May Attend Later He expressed hope, however, that the poor health which forced his retirement as secretary of state last December would improve and permit his attendance at "a later stage of the conference." Hull told Stettinius and "all participating nations" that there are "no differences or difficulties' between them that cannot be overcome within the united nations security organization. "I have profound faith that whatever the difficulties, the labors of the conference will be crowned with success," he said.

"I shall follow its work from afar with absorbing interest." Molotov Expected Hull's confident prediction came on the eve of important discussions of those "differences and difficulties" among big five diplomats gathering here. The talks will begin- soon after Russian Foreign Commissar V. M. Molotov arrives here from Moscow late Saturday or Sunday. Although time will be short, he is expected to sit down with the American, British, Chinese and possibly French foreign ministers for pre-conference deliberations.

The allies are confronted by a big three dispute over Poland's status among the united nations, and the question of how to present at Sart Francisco a plan to place dependent areas under the "trusteeship" of the world organization. France Seeking German Labor PARIS, April 21. UP) Trance will seek to obtain from Germany manpower equivalent to what she lost through deportation of forced laborers and prisoners of war a total of about 3,000,000 Finance Minister Rene Pleven declared Saturday night in a radio broadcast. Pleven called it "payment in kind" and said the French government had decided to give French farmers top priority In allocation of German prison labor. i ionunes oi name swung irom sioe to side.

The hard-hitting Yank ground forces were heavily supported by naval guns, army and marine artillery and carrier-based planes. Japanese night air raiders hit two central American-held airfields on central Okinawa but damage was minor. The marines on northern Okinawa cleaned out enemy pockets and brought all of Motobu peninsula under their control. One hundred to 150 Superfortresses visually bombed airfields on Kyushu, southernmost of the Japanese home islands, Sunday danger of an inter- and Dutch were foully killed. SS troops, aided by volksturmers packed them into a stone barn on the outskirts of Gardelegen, sprinkled gasoline on the straw flooring and set it afire with grenades.

A few hours before American troops arrived last Saturday the nazis had dug a trench 60 yards Thomas (D-Utah), chairman of the senate military affairs committee; C. Wayland Brooks (R-Ill); Kenneth S. Wherry (R-Neb), senate minority whip, and Leverett Sal-tonstall (R-Mass). House members on the investigating committee will be Reps. R.

Ewing Thomason (D-Texas). James P. Richards (D-SC), 7. V. Izac (D-Calif), James W.

Mott (R-Ore), Dewey Short (R-Mo) and John M. Vorys (R-Ohio). The war department announced that the 17 publishers and editors invited to make the trip are: Julius Ochs Adler, vice president and general manager, New York Times; Malcolm Bingay, editor, Detroit Free Press; Norman Chandler, general manager, Los Angeles Times; William L. Chenery, publisher. Colliers; E.

Z. Dimitman, executive Chicago Sun; Ben Hibbs, editor Saturday Evening Post; Stanley High, associate editor, Readers Digest; Ben McKelway, editor, Washington Star; Glen Neville, executive editor, New York Daily Mirror; William I. Nichols, editor. This Week magazine; L. K.

Nicholson, president and editor, New Orleans Time Picayune; Joseph Pulitzer, editor and publisher, St. Louis Post-Dispatch; Gideon Seymour, executive editor, Minneapolis Star-Journal; Dyke Shoop, Kansas City Star; Beverly Smith, associate editor, American Magazine; Walker Stone, editor, Scripps-Howard newspaper alliance, and M. E. Walter, managing editor, Houston Chronicle. J) River BERLIN NSar 9th Indicated As Chosen Force For Big Meeting Paris Radio Reports Troops Already Joined Near Dresden PARIS, (Sunday), April 22 Formal announcement that the Americans and Russians have joined in central Germany was expected Sunday in a matter of hours, and there were indications that the US ninth army might be the chosen force for the historic meeting with the red army at or near Berlin.

US 12th army group headquarters announced cryptically that a reconnaissance plane "in contact with the 83rd division (which is a ninth army division) reported having sighted what is believed to be Russian armor somewhere east of the Elbe river this afternoon." Paris Says Juncture Made The very fact that army group headquarters saw fit to make such an announcement lent it added significance. Reconnaissance planes in contact with frontline divisions do not operate at extreme range ahead of the line, Paris radio reported the dramatic junction already had been made, and there were reports here that patrols had made preliminary contacts. Supreme headquarters did not confirm these reports, and it was regarded here as certain that the actual formal meeting was still to come but that it would come within hours, not days. Last Reported 32 Miles Apart The two allies last were reported 32 miles apart east of Leipzig in an area about 75 miles south of Berlin, and it was in that sector around Dresden that the French said they had come together. However, the Germans said the Russian forces already were three to four miles inside the Berlin city limits on the northeast and had cut around the city to Beclitz, on the southwest, while field reports from the American front put those Rus- (Continued on Page 11, Col.

2) erated; substantial German forces in Italy must be crushed; Berlin must be hammered down and the last fanatic within it killed or captured; the biggest and toughest German army still in existence that opposing the Russians must be cut to pieces and prevented from getting into any redoubt; and finally the grand assault on the southern or Alpine main redoubt must be pushed to a conclusion. In the opinion of this correspond ent, all that will not be a matter of weeks. I believe it will take at the very least two to three months, and some fighting may well stretch into the late summer or autumn. Elbe THE SQUEEZE ON long and three feet deep behind the barn and dumped 500 charred corpses in it. The Americans found the barn several hours after they arrived.

Gardelegen, headquarters for the county SS troops, had looked like any other German town clean streets, clean homes, clean people with plump, rosy cheeks and a friendly manner. Townsfolk seemed apprehensive but the Yanks thought it was a natural attitude. Guided by the few survivors of the massacre, trucks, filled with infantrymen, engineers and tank men, rolled a quarter of a mile outside the town, up a dusty path to the death barn. They saw the hastily covered trench with charred legs and arms rising above the fresh dirt. More than 500 bodies still lay inside the barn or were piled in doorways.

Some had thrust their heads through holes under the barn. Bullet holes pierced their skulls and the lower portions of their bodies were horribly burned, showing the troops what lay behind the burghers' masks of gentility. An investigation began in Gardelegen. More than 90 per cent of the townsfolk were found to be nazi party members, husbands, sons or fathers in SS troops or among Hitler's murderers in the jugend. For six days the Americans rounded up groups of civilian men, women and children and marched them to the scene of the massacre.

A German-speaking American officer told them: "You supported and encouraged the regime responsible for this hideous scene." The civilians protested that they hadn't known about the death barn. Only 300 yards from the barn were rows of houses. Officers said it was impossible their occupants hadn't heard the screams of 1,100 murdered. Civilians walked slowly Friday, peering furtively at their young American conquerors who obviously regarded them as beasts. Thursday, red-haired Capt.

Hor- (Continued on Page 10, Col. 4) field and to their commanders to expect that the war is nearly over and that only a few weeks of minor operations still remain ahead. Responsible quarters here at supreme headquarters caution repeatedly against this kind of over-optimism, which always seems to follow a big military victory. Without denying Eisenhower's statement that the German army has been whipped, responsible quarters pointed out Saturday that there still are major operations ahead. Before all resistance is ended the allies must smash the tough north ern and southern 'redoubt areas; Denmark and Norway must be lib BRANDENBURG ift ander, Mediterranean commander in chief, and Gen.

Mark Clark, 15th army group commander, heralded a brilliant allied victory, termed by Clark "the beginning of final victory in Italy." Polish troops of the eighth army and elements of the US 34th and 91st infantry divisions -were the first inside Bologna. Opposition was negligible. All of the city came into allied hands speedily. Walk Into City The Poles had camped three miles east of the city. During the night they resumed the attack and at dawn walked in.

Fifth army armor, led by dust- covered jeeps, raced through the ancient university city and capital of Emilia province, without pause and fanned out over the Po plain beyond in hot pursuit of the disorganized and -fleeing German army. y. Bologna had a peacetime popula tion of 246,280. It is in a fertile plain at the foot of the bristling Apennines mountains where groups of the fifth army broke through formidable defenses Friday to clear resistance on the south and south west and make way for its capture Church Bells Ring Out Church bells pealed as the allied troops entered, signaling the end of the long arduous German occupa tion. Poles raced to the heart of the city and raised the Polish flag on the Asinelli tower, a 320-foot high leaning tower built in 1109.

Capture of Bologna gave the al lies control of the entire southern portion of the Po valley and ends a four-month stalemate during which the 15th army group battled not only a fanatical enemy but bitter cold and tortuous mountain terrain. The breakthrough to the Po plain will enable the allies to use tanks and heavy armor in a large scale of fensive to destroy the German army in Italy. The main enemy escape route. highway 67 leading northeast from Bologna to Ferrara, is blocked by the' capture of San Nicolo, eight miles from Ferrara. Clark said his armies would press onward with the objective of de stroying the German armies in northern Italy.

"It is possible," he said, "that the Germans may stand up and fight (Continued on Page 11, Col. 7) War Near End, Churchill Says BRISTOL, England, April 21. (UP) Prime Minister Churchill said Saturday that allied armies in Europe were nearing the end of "A long journey" and indicated that victory against the nazis might come soon. Although) refusing to forecast the exact date of V-E Day the prime minister added, "I do not think it need be long delayed." V-E Day will be announced only after all, or almost all, pockets of resistance have been wiped out, he said. "Premature rejoicing must not be followed by the sorrow of further European battles," he said.

"We have no intention of encouraging any festivities or thanksgiving, until we are assured from our military commanders that the task is so far complete that everyone may cheer." The prime minister pledged staunch prosecution of war against Japan and asked the people to pay off far-eastern debts "as heavy as ever were inflicted on us." He urged a new "lifting of soul and body" and warned that Britain's war effort might lag once Germany has been crushed, "We shall fail in our duty if we allow ourselves anything but a brief pause for thanksgiving," he said. "There lies before us need for finishing the war started by that wicked and treacherous power who committed an act of baseless aggression against the United States and who inflicted the most grievous injuries upon the British empire in the past." Five airfields were the targets. It was the second B-29 raid on Kyushu in 24 hours, the fourth in six days, and the seventh since March 27, when B-29s began their series of neutralizing attacks on the island's airdromes. Two hundred to 300 Superforts attacked nine Kyushu airfields Saturday Crews returning from Saturday's mission said they had encountered little enemy opposition in their strikes on any of the nine airfields attacked, although about 100 fighters were sighted. Only a few pressed an attack.

Bloody battling continued on (Continued on Page 11, CoL 4) Congressmen and Editors To Check Atrocities Personally WASHINGTON, April 21. (INS) The war department announced Saturday night that a joint committee of 12 congressmen and 17 editors will inspect personally scenes of camps, pursuant to a request of Gen. wight D. Eisenhower. Sen.

Alben W. Barkeley of Kentucky, Benate democratic leader, will head the congressional group, the war department said. The joint committee will be flown to Europe army planes within the next few days. Conditions of "unspeakable horror" were declared by the war department to exist in nazi concentration camps for political prisoners. Gen.

Eisenhower was said to have reported that the revolting sights which confronted the armies of liberation were "almost impossible to describe in words." In addition to other senators who will make the trip are Walter F. George (D-Ga), Elbert D. rvhen the ejes of the ivorld are upon The San Francisco Security Conference Keep your eyes on the pages of, these newspapers for a graphic report by Austin's own PAUL BOLTON The AMERICAN The STATESMAN Americans Make Small Gains on Okinawa; 100 to 750 Superforts Hit Kyushu Again V-E Day, Many Battles Sway, May Not Arrive Until Next Autumn, Officials Say Br the Associated Press Some of the bitterest fighting of the- Pacific war marked email American gains through heavily defended Japanese positions on southern Okinawa, Fleet Adm. Chester W. Nimitz reported late Saturday.

Meanwhile the American flag was flung to the breeze over Ie island, 4,000 yards off Okinawa's west coast. Doughboys planted the Stars and Stripes atop Mt. Iegusugu after overcoming furious resistance. The tiny island, now under Yank control, is being mopped up. On southern Okinawa, high ground in the Hill 178 sector changed hands several times as the PARIS, April 21.

(UP) The fall of Berlin and a junction between the eastern and western allies will not mean the end of the European war. V-E Day which may not come until autumn will be reached only after many more men have been killed or wounded in crushing the last German resistance on the continent. The speed with which Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower's armies reached their present positions seems to have caused some misunderstanding.

It is unfair to American and other allied troops in the I burg-Regensburg triangle. 3.