The Austin American from Austin, Texas • 32

By Fischetti Commentary Puolished by Newspapers Inc, 4tn and (Jua1alure Slieeta. Austin. Texas. Suntisva. New ar L)av.

Fourtn of Juiv. 1-sbur lJv. Thannsgivtne Dav on odd years and Christmas day. 1))17 IsMie The Austin American imorning or The Auiun Slaifsman evemng. Facts Shoot Slogan Full a Rightist of Holes rPage G2 Austin, Comments Features icrn-' tT LOUIS N.

GOLDBERG, Publisher Second ciasa postage paid at Auitin. Texa. MfcMritR OF THfc Ai'SOClATfcU PKtSS. The Associated Piess is entitled exclusively to nit or oubliratipn of all local news punteci in this newspaper as well at ail (API diyt'atches j'h American -Statesman Subscription Rates: Sunday Only) Mail in U. $1200 year.

Mail $21 DO ear Editorials Counties Back Move To Ease Water Units' Tax Zollinger who do more with the Bible than us it to decorate the top of a center table. THE REPUBLICAN CLAIM that th Democratic Party should be called the Democrat Party speedily fell apart. The Birch slogan obviously seeks to revive and reaffirm it but by going even further, attempting to equate the term democratic, as in reference to a form or an attribute of government, with a quality menacing the existence of our government. The Merriam W'ebster dictionary, long regarded as the standard work, defines republic, thusly: Republic: "A government characterized by having a chief of state who not a monarch and who in modern times is usually a President; a government in which supreme power resides in a body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by elected officers and representatives responsible to them and governing according to law." Democracy is defined as "government of the people; rule of the majority; a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people, and exercised by them indirectly through a system of representation and delegated authority in which the people choose their officials and representatives in periodically free elections, and called also representative democracy." THUS THERE IS A MUTUALITY of identity of republic and democracy. The word democracy cannot be extinguished by off the cuff fiat of Welch and his group without implying a rejection of the definition of republic, which they have attempted to exalt by the implication that democracy is a dangerous doctrine and so must be repudiated.

To repudiate democracy means repudiation of the meaning of republic also. For while the two words do not have a strict and identical meaning in all of their various nuances, they do have an affinity of meaning, and neither can be abandoned without harmful effect on the other. PARROTING OF THE SLOGANIZED phrase that "This is a republic, not a democracy. Let's keep it that way," flies in the face of truth on two counts. For our form of government happens to incorporate both.

And to say, "let's keep it that way," in the meaning that this is a republic and not a democracy, is to resort to a play on words that have no historic worth, because it never happened that way, and as long as the American people in the great majority recognize the Welch discrepancy as a historic untruth and threat, they will never permit it to happen that way. Maybe precedent-shattering appearance, saying: "I am very glad indeed to have this opportunity to address the two Houses directly, and to verify for myself the impression that the President of the United States is a person, not a mere department of the government hailing Congress from some isolated island of jealous power, sending messages, not speaking naturally with his own voice that he is a human beinp trying to cooperate with other human beings in a common service." President Wilson followed this address with numerous visits to Congress and firmly restablished the custom of delivering the annual message personally. (In his first address, he asked for a revision to the tariff and he got it.) Presidents Harding and Coolidge followed WTilson's example, with the latter adding radio coverage. Herbert Hoover returned briefly to the written message, but today the tradition of an annual message, delivered orally, and broadcast worldwide via radio and television, seems entrenched as a standing custom. When President Kennedy delivers his State of the Union message to Congress, the entire world will listen.

(From File 7 is a weekly feature distributed by Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.) Gloomy January 7, 1962 Editorials CHARLES E. GREEN, Editor would follow the principle of the interstate highway program, in which cost of relocation of utilities, both municipal and private, is assumed as part of the construction cost. Travis County legislators will join in the effort to exempt the public water districts from the cost of moving their lines. The districts 'generally, already haying a high tax rate, would be unable to pay for relocating the lines 'except by heavy increase in their tax levies, it has been pointed out. As to promised segments of farm roads already included in the state pro-crams, the districts would not be able lo collect additional taxes to meet the cost in time to get the roads built in this year's program.

Thus the counties face the danger of having the scheduled roads taken out of the construction program. County governments and various city governments are supporting the relief effort. The counties do not want to lose the needed roads. In some instances, prospective city expansion is due to annex areas in the early future in which the road construction has been planned immediately. Some counties and their water districts have worked out agreements under which the county, in paving a road, will leave the water lines in place under the pavement.

But present state roads do not permit this practice. Travis County is typical of those having numerous well-populated communities near a city, in which the water districts have been created to provide service. Travis County has 16 districts either within the county or overlapping county lines. And it is in such well-populated areas over the state that the additions to the farm to market road system are usually scheduled. Editor's Notebook Under-Brag It's a jarring comment on Texas' reputation for boasting to have someone point out that in even one instance Texas is actually understating its claims.

That is in the matter of the tidelands victory, in which Texas successfully recovered its tidelands from the federal government, and beat off another fed- eral attempt to take over ownership of the submerged areas. The term "tidelands" has been used invariably to describe the submerged offshore area involved in this historic fight. The underwater land actually involved is the strip beyond the three-mile offshore line out to the "seaward boundary" 1012 miles from land. A pesky Northerner has now pointed out that the term is wholly inaccurate, and that Texas is entitled to boast of more than the customary term takes in. Accurately used, Texans are told, the term "tidelands" describes only the strip alternately above and below water at low and high tide.

And that strip is within what the state would still have owned if the federal claim had prevailed. It's been a mighty handy descriptive term. But Texans can't afford to dim the reputation for bragging, and we'll have to find a new word. Maybe we can go along with former Governor Allen Shivers, who as a senator passed a bill claiming oui 20 miles from shore. Or maybe just substitute the term "Gulf of Mexico." Loan Plan A private enterprise effort to compete with and perhaps reduce the need for any federal government financial aid for college and university students is now being organized by United Student Aid Funds of New York.

It is a nonprofit corporation designed to endorse personal loans made by local banks to needy students. Its appeal will be to the self-reliant student who does not want to be beholden to the federal government for a tax-supported scholarship or partially subsidized loan. The private United Student Aid Fund is now operating only in Indiana, where 1,500 loans were made this year for a total of S750.000. Additionally, Connecticut and Florida have organized under the USAF program and plan to. make their first loans during the 1962 spring term.

The USAF goal is to raise a $40 million reserve fund from private sources. Half of this will be raised" by a national drive. The other half is expected to come from colleges participating in the plan to have students borrow at local banks. Texas By R. O.

For some time now pieces of mail have been reaching citizens carrying on the envelope the phrase: "This is a republic, not a democracy. Let's keep it that way." It has become the slogan of an extreme rightist movement founded by Robert Welch and called by him the John Birch Society. It has been widely copycatted by numbers of persons who accept, without examination or question, the statement made. Evidently growing out of a wishful phrase, the phrase now has become sloganized, even though it earned within itself the proof, in the words, "let's keep it that way," of error and hyperbole. THIS.

COUNTRY NEVER WAS a republic to the exclusion of being a democracy since the adoption of its Constitution. It carries the ingredients of both, and often in the same provisions. The Merriam Webster's International dictionary defines both words in their relation to government, and while in a portion they have identical meanings, there are distinctions, but distinctions which do not negate the fact that our government is a combination of both, being both a republic and a democracy. THE BIRCH EFFORT to raise a monumental distinction in which republic is favored over democracy, even to an effort to extinguish any participation by the latter in our form of government, reveals either crass ignorance or prejudices as responsible for the misstatements of facts. For the words, "let's keep it that way" (republic) somewhat smugly and without any real effort to research the subject, implies that this country has never been anything but a republic, and by the same token implies that democracy is the foe of good government, when actually this country is a combination of both.

SEVERAL YEARS AGO there was an effort to counterbalance the Democratic Party's designation by some Republicans claiming that it really was the Democrat Party, while the fact that this was a Republic gave stature to the Republican Party. It didn't get very far because it was not in accord with history, appearing to attempt to make up for the lack by a glib and at the time widely heralded assumption. President Truman, then occupying the White House, and at whom there is evidence that this shaft was levelled, met it head on. In words to that effect he said that if the Democratic Party was really the Democrat Party, then the Republican Party really was the Publican Party, a biblical reference which is clear to those From File 7 Congress Listens By LYNN POOLE Johns Hopkins University When the President of the i States appears before a joint session of Congress to deliver his State of the Union message, he is fulfilling both a constitutional requirement and a custom but it has not always been that way. The Constitution, in the section dealing with the duties of the President, states: "He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union." But, as in many other respects, the Constitution did not fill in the details of "how often?" and "in what form?" The time factor was quickly settled.

George Washington began to deliver an annual message to Congress during his term of office, and each president has responded with a similar one. Although annual messages have not had the glamour of inaugural addresses, several significant policies have been presented to. Congress and to the world through this medium. Both the Monroe Doctrine and Wilson's Fourteen Points are good examples of this. The question of the form of the annual message was not decided as smoothly.

Washington and John Adams chose to deliver their messages in the form of an address before a joint session of Congress. But when Thomas Jefferson was elected to the presidency, this stopped. To that ardent republican, an address before Congress smacked too much of the British "Address from the Throne," so he simply sent a' message to be read by the clerk. His announced reason for this action was that it would provide Congress with an opportunity to study his proposals at their leisure. For 112 years, the Presidents after Jefferson followed his precedent, and the presidential messages were droned in a boring, toneless, sometimes inaudible voice by.

the clerks of the House and Senate before a vast audience of mostly vacant chairs. By the 1880's a visiting Englishman, James Bryce, commented, "The expression of his (the President's) wishes conveyed in a message has not necessarily any more effect ort Congress than an article in a prominent party newspaper." Shortly after he was inaugurated, Woodrow Wilson called a special session of Congress and let it be known that he would address it personally. The Senate became so upset that Vice President Thomas R. Marshall, presiding ov-. er trjat tradition-minded body, was fearful of asking for unanimous approval for a joint session of Congress to hear the President.

On April 1913, made his Washington Report Arms to Latin By ROBERT S. ALLEN and PAUL SCOTT WASHINGTON Something new and highly significant is being added to the much-discussed Alliance for Progress. It's a "counter insurgency" program under which Latin American countries receiving US economic aid can also obtain special training units and weapons to combat Communist guerrillas and subversion. These crack US training units will not engage in fighting. Their sole purpose is to train local forces in anti-guerrilla warfare.

Already a number of Latin American countries are considering this latest plan. Foremost among them are Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Guatemala. Personal representatives of President Kennedy are in these countries discussing this new military program to counter Communist subversion and guerrillas. A major problem still undecided is whether this program should be extended to anti-Castro Cuban forces being organized in a half-dozen Latin American countries. Nearly 3,500 Cubans are training in Colombia and an equal number in Guatemala.

They are urgently seeking US military assistance, and influential Pentagon authorities strongly favor that. However, no decision is deemed likely until after the Pan American foreign ministers conference later this month. The "counter insurgency" program is similar to the special US military aid being given Communist-periled South Vietnam. Elite Army and Air Force teams are training South Vietnamese forces in anti-guerrilla tactics and combat. For this purpose, the US is equipping them weapons, such light planes, vehicles, and powerful to jungle fighting.

Significantly, the Alliance program is an the recent President's staff. Dr. Walt special White who was State Department the Policy opposed this Instead, organizing anti training and under the United As a result views, nothing about this problem was in the White When he was State Department, turned over to General Taylor, his adviser. Then to happen Vietnam and Gen. Taylor Army the job a comprehensive special priority Vietnam and General George Army chief of took charge has pushed it effectively.

Much has both in and in Latin cannot be present. But it can be forceful measures taken to fight with their Guerrilla warfare to be a Red being turned for the preservation and with special as helicopters, highly mobile plastic boats, arms adapted the "counter-insurgency" addition to for Progress outgrowth of reshuffling of the Whitman Rostow, House assistant shifted to the to head Planning Council, military program. he favored guerrilla fighting units Nations. of Rostow's was done increasingly critical as long as he House. moved to the the President the matter Maxwell special military things began both in South Latin America.

gave the of developing "counter-insurgency" program, with to South Latin America. Decker, staff, personally of that and vigorously and been accomplished the Far East America that divulged for the stated that are being the Communists own tactics. is ceasing monopoly. It's against them of freedom democracv. Many counties and scores of water districts, threatened, with loss of farm-fto-market road construction in pro--grams already set up, will ask the -Legislature to write a relief provision in the farm-to-market road legislation being debated, if The relief is to exempt the operating water district sfrom the cost of relo-a eating their lines off the rights of way of planned farm-to-market roads.

This New Traffic Artery Meets Need On Austin's agenda of progress for the new year is the start of work on the Missouri Pacific Boulevard. This traffic artery from large popul- ous area of the city will be of great i benefit, and the trade separations for main east-west crossings will be both convenience and safety factors. The cooperation of the city and road officials in working out the plan for using part of the right of way for motor traffic has been outstanding. The go-ahead signal for construction has been given and work is to get under i way this year. This new artery will channel a great volume of traffic to and from down-town.

It will relieve peak-hour conges- tion on Lamar, West 12th and other streets. Much of the traffic will flow from the new boulevard to the downtown business district by way of West Sixth and I Vest Fifth Streets. Zm Apparently a sizeable job of widening and improving West Fifth will be made necessary, as some parts of its remains no more than a narrow country blacktop road. Fortunately there are grade separations at Fifth and Sixth, and apparently the completion of the traffic interchange there will be simple. Laraar Boulevard and, at long last, its underpass, were important developments for traffic from the west side of Austin, though not comparable with the Expressway through the east sector.

There has been tremendous development in the Northwest Austin area, and traffic facilities had not kept up with needs. MoPac Boulevard is the solution to a large extent of present needs. The city also needs to widen some of the east-west, such as 19th and 24th streets, and to improve West Fifth to meet the new traffic demands will be put on it. It would be well worth while also if the city could widen the Shoal Creek bridge on 10th Street which already has a substantial volume of traffic. The Almanac By United Press International Today is Sunday, Jan.

7, the 7th day of the year with 358 to follow in 1962. The moon is approaching its first quarter. The evening star is Jupiter. On this day in history: In 1789 the first election for a President of the United States took place throughout the nation with George Washington winning the post. "ln 1918, Nikolai Lenin, established a dictatorship of the proletariat abolishing the constituent assembly of his country.

In 1927, regular transatlantic telephone service was inaugurated between $few York and London. 3960, British Primp Minister Har--ld Macmillan left London by air on a 9,000 mile tour of British Africa. A thought for the day: American educator and writer James Frank Dobie aid: "The average of Ph.D. thesis is. nothing bit a transfer of bones from one graveyard to another." III? If Debatable 42 To what extent would the Civil Defense warning signals and Conelrad be effective in warning; the public if a real alert were to occur? How many people would hear and 'understand the warning mens? What would be the typical re- -Li)onse? The American Statesman presents questions for your mental stimulation, as food for thought, fuel for" discussion.

'Jt doesn't offer its opinions, or lake aides; so never mind sending in the Guerrillas Three US allies are offering valuable military aid to South Vietnam in its desperate struggle against Communist guerrillas and subversion. They are Britain, Thailand and Nationalist China. The proffers from Britain and Thailand have been accepted. That of Nationalist China is still under consideration. South Vietnam is eager to get the latter's military assistance.

But Britain and other pro-Western countries with diplomatic ties with Red China are objecting, and the matter is in abeyance. Meanwhile, a team of British guerrilla warfare experts has arrived in South Vietnam for training purposes. Heading this elite unit is Brigadier General R. G. K.

Thompson, who commanded the anti guerrilla forces that drove the Communists out of Malaya. No announcement has been made of this crack British training unit at London's request again because of Britain's diplomatic and trade relations with Peiping. Thailand also has sent a training group of tough anti-guerrilla troops to Saigon. As in the case of US and British training forces, the Thai unit will do no fighting; primarily instruct. President Kennedy also has sent a personal message to other US allies urging aid to South Vietnam.

He particularly proposed economic and technical assistance to improve the mobility and communications of the South Vietnamese forces. Both are urgently needed for effective anti-guerrilla warfare. Japan is authoritatively understood to be considering supplying economic a technical aid. That is being discussed with President Dinh Diem. The Philippines and Malaya also have signified intention to help.

Guatemala's militant President Miguel Ydigoras Fuentes is all set to tangle with Fidel Castro if the beefy Cuban dictator goes through with his announcement that he may personally attend the Pan American foreign ministers' conference at Punta del Este later this month. Ydigoras Fuentes is prepared to fly there to battle Castro One of the first moves of the new Dominican government is the construction and free distribution of 1,000 pre-fab-ricated concrete houses to slum dwellers. The first of these houses are to be given away by February 1 Brazilian cotton exporters are negotiating with Russia for a sale running into nany millions of dollars, with ship- -ments to begin in a few weeks. Senator Bourke Hicken-looper, Iowa, will be the next chairman of the Republican policy committee if he can retain his present lead. to.continu in class The Neighbors By George Clark Wm rVl ri I ste i.

By CCS B. MICHEL So far this fall we've witnessed some of the largest building booms in buildmg industry that hasn't been gov-ernment financed. The main thing boomed is the fall-out shelters. And, the reason the government hasn't financed 'em yet is because the' fall-out shelters either have too much fall out or it hasn't come up with a plan to finance the fall-out shelters that wouldn't be worse than the fall-out. Brother when you've got to get something like this financed by the government, you can bet your last space dollar it's one time you'll be getting the acme of perfection.

No shoddy merchandise is going to eliminate one comma in your monthly fallout to pay for that shelter on the partial payment plan. You're one person not allowed to fall out. Anyway, best plan so far "Kep Digging." 1 -r-Mft Tt (Ml "Maybe Junior has too much imagination in medical school. Whatever they talk about breaks out with it." 1.