The Baltimore Sun from Baltimore, Maryland • 9

THE SUN, BALTIJIOHE, SATURDAY MOHNING. 7. 1932 Albert L. Nickerson Dies HOOYER'S FOREIGN for police purposes and only such defensive forces are permited as would "make invasion difficult, if not JAPAN MAY SECEDE FROM KELLOGG PACT HOTEL WARMBOLD QUITS GERMAN CABINET Dr. Karl Gocrdclcr, Nationalist, Succeeds To Post Of Minister Of Economics UNEASY MANCHOUKUO EAST'S NEWEST STATE Kawakami, Setting Forth Japan's Pleas, Says She Will Do Best To Keep Puppet Independent Manchurian Nation Stable By K.

K. KAWAKAMI Special Correspondence of The Sun At Massachusetts Home Widow Of Retired Boston Broker Wat Christine Atkinson, Of Baltimore Leaves 3 Children Special Dispatch to The Sun Boston, Mny 6 Albert Lindsay Nic-kerson, retired boston broker, died this morning at his home, Maple Place, Dedham, in his fifty-fourth year, He had been ill about a year, Ho is survived by his widow, who was Christine Atkinson, of Baltimore; three children, Virginia, Albert who is a student at Hurvard, and Joseph Nickerson, a student at Noble and Greenough's School; a brother, Richard Nickerson, of Greenland, N. and a sister, Mrs. Van Rennselacr Coggswcll, of New York. for this Complete Outfit! 3 cJ conduct the affairs of state according to the primary principle of good faith and confidence and in a spirit of harmony and friendship, pledging itself to maintain and promote international peace.

Second That the Government will respect international justice in accordance with the recognized principles of international law, Third That the Government will assume obligations due the Republic of China by virtue of treaty stipulations with foreign countries in the light of International laws and conventions, and that these obligations will be faithfully discharged. Fourth That the Government will not infringe upon the acquired rights of the nationals of foreign countries within the limits of Manchoukuo, and that their persons and properties will be accorded full protection. Fifth That the Government welcomes entry of nationals of foreign countries into Manchoukuo and their residence therein, and that it pledges itself to accord all races just and equitable treatment. Sixth That trade and commerce with foreign countries will be facilitated. Seventh That in regard to the economic activities of the nationals of foreign countries within Manchoukuo, the principle of the open door will be observed.

POLICY PRAISED For "All Sane Progress In Ways Of Understanding And Peace," Says Castle ADDRESSES METHODISTS Acting Secretary Of State Defines Geneva Program Lauds Non-Recognition Formula By the Associated Press Atlantic City, N. May 6-Presl- dent Hoover's foreign policy was de scribed by' William R. Castle, acting Secretary of State, tonight as one of support of "all sane progress in the ways of understanding and peace. "The President, who can and must survey the wnoie grouna, cunnoi champion one method to the exclusion of others, but rather must and does support all sane progress in the ways of understanding and peace," he said. Lauds Non-Recognltlon Formula Mr.

Castle, who addressed the quad rennial general conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, defined the program of the United States dele gation to the Geneva Disarmament Conference; denounced the official boycott, to which he said the President was "vigorously opposed," as a means of "putting teeth" in the pact of Paris, and praised the recently announced formula of non-recognition of territorial seizures made in violation of the covenants of the Paris pact. "I believe," Mr. Castle said, refer ring to the formula, "that the world must realize in this a splendid forward step in the maintenance of peace, a step fully in harmony with American tradition, one which, above all, does not envisage the use of force to restrain a predatory nation. "As the President says, it is the strongest moral sanction the world has ever known. Has "Put Teeth In Pact" "Through this action," he continued, "the President has 'put teeth In the pact' and has done it in a way which avoids the use of force.

He has aided a bright, new inspiring chapter in in ternational law. His action has appealed to the conscience of the world and as time goes on may well change the whole attitude of the nations toward the use of force." He described Mr. Hoover as a sin cere "lover ot peace, adding "no man in the world is more." The Administration disarmament policy he described as calling for reduction to a point where the army is primarily Defines Geneva Program "That, broadly speaking," he went on "is the aim of the American delegation at Geneva. We have not a cut-and-dried program to present, but have had and shall continue to have suggestions to make which we hope may be helpful. "The problem is not simple and we make no pretense that it but we believe it sound and believe also that, with good will, the goal at which it aiips can be reached.

Gives Hoover'a Far East Views "If the theory of proportional reduction is accepted there is not a proposi tion which we are unwilling 'to discuss as touching any branch of the service. But we feel strongly that, as to lund, air, or sea forces the whole picture should be considered. Only in this way can relative strength be preserved. We hope for much more, but if Geneva accomplishes nothing but limitation the first great step in reduction will have been taken." He said the President recognized the "official boycott" which was injected into discussion of the recent Sino- Japanese dispute as "practically an act of war," which might "override treaties and we like to consider ourselves as champions of the sanctity of treat ies, There can be no doubt that a boycott, universally applied, would bring a nation to its knees, but at a cost that would be almost worse than Mrs. Hoover To Attend Wedding In Connecticut Motors From Elmlra, N.

To New Canaan After Paying Visit To Elmlra College Elmlra, N. May 6 (P) Mrs. Herbert Hoover left here at 3 o'clock this afternoon for New Canaan, to attend the wedding of a daughter of Edgar Rickard, once a partner of President Hoover in a private business enterprise. Mrs. Hoover's party traveled in three automobiles.

The route chosen was not announced. Dr. Frederick Lent, friend of the Hoovers and president of Eimira College, where Mrs. Hoover was a guest today, announced she had given up her original plan to return to Washington by automobile tonight. She came here by train.

The First Lady lunched today with the student body of Eimira College and visited the classes while they were in session. She spoke at the chapel exercises. REILLY'S for Leather Goods HMdquarttri (or all kind! of Colored Laathan for Tooling, Pocketbook Making, Etc 224 W. FAVETTI ST. Plata 2336.

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Alfred Hugen-berg's Nationalists. Dr. Goerdeler is Mayor of Leipzig and price dictator. Other Changes Held Likely There were predictions that other shifts in the Cabinet of Chancellor Heinrich Briining will follow. It was expected that the Chancellor would turn over the Foreign Ministe rial portfolio, which he himself has been holding since the retirement of Julius Curtius to another.

Constantin von Neurath, Ambassador to Great Britain, was most prominently mentioned for the post, but Dr. Bernhard von Biilow, State Secretary, and Count Rudolf Nadolny, Ambassador to Turkey, were also possibilities. Groener To Keep One Post Gen. Wilhelm Groener, Minister of Defense and of Interior, probably will be relieved of one of those offices, and previously it had been predicted that he would hold his Interior Ministry, There were no definite reports as to who would succeed to his defense post if he were relieved of that portfolio. International Bank Increases Its Profits Makes 15,000,000 Swiss Francs In Second Year, 4,000,000 More Than First Year Basel, Switzerland, May 6 VP The second year's profits of the Bank for International Settlements will be about 15,000,000 Swiss francs at par), it was reliably learned today.

This is about 4,000,000 Swiss francs more than the profits of the first year. The profits will be used thus: For a six per cent, dividend, 6,400,000 francs; for reserve funds, for the special reserve fund for cumulative dividends, for general reserve funds, to governments which made non-interest-bearing deposits, 3,200,000. Official announcement of the profits will be made May 10. Austrian Cabinet Falls Due To Nazi Victories Chancellor Buresch To Continue In Office Until New Govern- ment Is Formed Vienna, May 6 () The Cabinet of Chancellor Karl Buresch fell today under the pressure of Fascist victories in the recent Austrian elections. The Chancellor presented the resign nations of all his associates to Presi dent Miklas and they were accepted with the stipulation that the Chan cellor's Government continue in of- fice until a successor could be formed A Rightist coalition, probably with Chancellor Buresch remaining at the helm, but with representatives of the Heimatbloc the Fascist Heimwehr also in the Government, was pre dicted.

Governor Rintelen, of Styria, also was mentioned for the Chancel lorship, however. Open Sat. Night! ROADSTER Regularly $35! Made with "New Departure" coaster brake, Troxall saddle, heavily studded tires, ctc.l Foreign Office Spokesman Says Tokyo Will Object To Modified Version DENIES ANY VIOLATION Statement Evoked By Castle's Speech On Hoover Doctrine On Non-Recognition IN.Y. Herald Tribune Copyright, 1932 Tokyo, May (Special Cable) Japan may "secede" from the Kellogg-Brland pact outlawing war if the United States insists upon an interpretation of the pact which this Government cannot accept, the Foreign Office spokesman said today, in commenting upon the speech of William R. Castle, Under Secretary ot Stte, in which was set forth the so-called "Hoover doctrine" of non-recognition of territorial or political changes brought about in violation of the pact.

"The United States cannot take any action alone to modify the application or interpretation of the Kellogg pact," the Foreign Office spokesman said. "Any alteration of the pact is a matter for agreement among all the signatories. Japan accepted the pact as it was at the time of signature, and cannot be bound by any changed interpretation to which this country does not consent." No Direct Charge Of Violation Furthermore, it was stated, the Japanese Government does not admit that Japan has violated the Kellogg pact in its conflict with China, nor any other agreement, nor has any 'government "directly" charged Japan with violating her obligations. The spokesman said he believed it would be difficult to prove that Japan had violated any treaties by her "defensive action" in the conflict with China. The policy of the United States not to recognize "any situation which may be brought about by means contrary to the pact of Paris" is regarded here as untenable in so far as it applies to Manchuria.

If the Manchoukuo Government, nominally headed by Henry Pu-yi, "succeeds in establishing peace and order in Manchuria and remains in power," according to the Japanese Government's view, the United States must eventually recognize it if America is to share in Manchurian trade. Calls U. S. Action High-Handed The Foreign Office spokesman branded as "high-handed" the formulation by the American State Department of a policy affecting a multilateral treaty. America, it was said, may proclaim a doctrine affecting the American continent, such as the roe Doctrine, but may not adopt a doctrine applicable to the Far East or territories in other parts of the world by unilateral action.

The fact that the American policy of attaching sanctions to the Kellogg pact has been adopted by the League of Nations Assembly and therefore by the signatories to the pact does not change the pact's interpretation, in the view of Japan, which considers that the pact will remain "unaltered" so long as not all its signatories have agreed to a "new interpretation." Neiv State's Aspirations Are Outlined By Pu-Yi Associated Press Copyright, 1932 Changchun, Manchuria, May 6 Henry Pu-yi, erstwhile boy Emperor of China, in an exclusive interview today likened the young state of Manchoukuo to the United States in its infancy. The last of the famous Manchus, who so long bent China and Manchuria to their will, spent an hour with the correspondent today detailing the hopes, aims, anticipations and accomplishments of Manchoukuo. Recalls Early U. S. Struggle The new state, he said, now barely two months old, had met all expectations to date, and in the future would stress governmental, monetary and educational reforms.

Recalling America's struggle for independence, he emphasized that the overthrow of British rule was not accomplished overnight. He foresaw a long struggle ahead, but a successful one to accomplish a separate entity for Manchuria in the family of nations. Mr. Pu-yi received the correspond ent in the former salt administration building here, which now is the executive mansion. Although he speaks English, the new chief executive preferred to be interviewed through a Chinese secretary-interpreter.

He started out by saying that the war lord, Chang Hsiao-liang, who ruled Manchuria before him, well realized that he would never be able to return to Mukden, his old capital. "Down in his heart," Mr. Pu-yi said, "Chang knows that the government he gave the people was unfair that his people were greatly overtaxed and had little or no freedom'. "If Chang's government had been on the square there never would have been any third party interference. The Japanese never would have had occasion to take a hand in affairs in defense of Japanese lives and interests." Associated Press Editor's Note The Japanese military took over control of most of Manchuria after several violent incidents on the South Manchurian Railway and sponsored the regime of Mr.

Pu-yi. Pointing out that Manchoukuo planned to reduce taxes by one half, he said, Chang collected approximately $20,000,000 in gold in taxes annually, ninety per cent, of which went to keep up the military. Drr Amontr Banker's Heirs Lori Angeles, May 6 A faithful wii4 naired fox terrier, Shaggy, is one of tie heirs of Lee A. McConnell, bank director. The will, filed for probate today, provided that $20 a month should be paid out of the estate, valued at J250, 000, for keeping Shaggy.

Washington, May 2. ON FEBRUARY 18 Manchoukuo, born in the turbulent scene of Japan's military intervention in Manchuria, formally made a bow before a suspicious, even hostile, world. On March 9 its Government inaugurated itself at Changchun, the new capital of the new state. Prince, or as he prefers to be called, Pu-yi, former Manchu emperor, was chosen as Provisional Chief Magistrate. This choice was made with a view to forestalling the certain jealousies and wrangles which would have developed among the new leaders of Manchuria had the honor been conferred upon any one of their own numbers.

Manchoukuo is confronted with difficulties so numerous that the world is inclined to think that it will prove short-lived. Yet it is likely to weather the storm and will eventually take its place among the family of nations, for the reason that Japan sees in its endurance the only possible way of creating a condition under which the people of Manchuria may escape the extortion and tyranny of the old regime, while her treaty rights and the lives and property of her nationals may receive due protection. Obviously Chang Hsueh-liang, the deposed war lord, for whom neither the Japanese nor the Chinese nor the Manchurians have much love to lose, will never be permitted to return. Should the hew government fall, what follows would be a worse chaos than has ever been seen in Manchuria. Japan, therefore, will see to it that it will become stable.

It will be a costly venture for her, but she has by force of circumstances been forced into a position from which she cannot retreat. She is even afraid that a retreat at this time might prove a signal for a revolution at home. MANCHOUKUO is still in a state of flux. Whether it will eventually become a constitutional monarchy or a "republic" we have yet to see. Meanwhile the "Law for the Organization of the Provisional Government" gives us an idea of the new administration.

According to it, the Provisional Chief Magistrate, called Chin-cheng, "is hominated by and responsible to the people." As a matter of fact, the so-called Northeast Administrative Committee, which organized the new Government as the self-appointed "representative of the people," did the nominating. The Chief Magistrate has an advisory body called the Tsan Yi Fu, or Privy Council. Then there is a unicam eral legislature, whose exact organization is yet to be determined by law. The State Council, which may be regarded as the Cabinet, consists of the Prime Minister and the Ministers of seven departments namely, Home Affairs, Foreign Affairs, War, Finance, Industries, Communications and Justice. Finally, the Control Council audits and supervises the expenditures of the Government, THE FIRST session of the Legislative Council is to meet in July or August.

Pending the promulgation of the elec tion law which will be adopted by this council, the legislators are be nominated by the Government. Their number will be limted to 300 namely, one to each 300,000 of the population. All male citizens over 25 years of age are eligible to the Legislature. On March 1 the Manchoukuo Gov ernment issued a statement setting forth its ideals, aspirations and poll cies. Evidently it was meant to be the Oriental counterpart of the American Declaration of Independence.

It denounced the self-aggrandizement and tyranny of the deposed war lords, notably the two Changs, father and son, and their mercenary satellites. It attacked the Nationalist politicians and militarists, who in the name of Sun Yat-sen's "Three Principles of the People" had fastened the yoke of slavery upon the innocent masses, perpetuated civil war for selfish purposes, stirred up anti-foreign agitation and brought about Red risings in many parts of China. The declaration, furthermore, empha sizes the ideal of racial equality, stat ing that the Chinese, the Manchus, the Mongols, the Japanese, the Koreans and all who live within the confines of Manchoukuo shall be treated with equal justice. "The basis of govern1 ment," it says, "is the will of Heaven." "Obey Heaven and make the people happy." This is a reaffirmation of the Confucian doctrine which still appeals to the Chinese people. Internationally, the declaration denounces blind anti-foreignism and advocates the principle of open door and equal opportunity for all nations.

ON APRIL 12 Hsieh Chieh-shih, Foreign Minister of Manchoukuo, ad dressed an identic note to the Govern ment at Tokyo, London, Washington, Paris, Moscow, Vienna, Berlin, Rome Riga, Brussels, Copenhagen, Kovno, Prague, Lisbon, Warsaw and Reval The note informed these governments of the establishment of Manchoukuo and expressed a desire to enter Into diplomatic relations with them. Why these governments were chosen, while many others, notably those in Latin America, were not approached, is not clear. The note, as published in English newspapers in the Orient, explains why Manchoukuo has been established, and goes on to define its foreign policy as 4i a THRILL for MOTHER TOMORROW FRANCE AND ITALY on March 18 were the first to acknowledge the re ceipt of the note. Japan, on March 19, and Estonia, on March 20, followed suit. On March 16 and again on March 24 the Soviet Government, through its consul-general at Harbin and the So viet vice-president of the Chinese Eastern Railway, notified the Manchoukuo Government that it vould recognize the right of the new regime to that railway and would cooperate with it in its management.

All, including Japan, took care not to say anything which might be con' strued as recognition. But the Japa nese note was much more than a per functory note of acknowledgment It is said to have congratulated the new Government upon the inauguration of a policy calculated to promote the peace and happiness of the people and have expressed the belief that its policy of the open door and of respecting foreign life and property would in sure friendly relations with all its neighbors. On March 19 Manchoukuo formally notified the Nationalist Governments at Nanking and Loyang that it had become entirely independent of China proper. On the same day it also not! fled the League of Nations that the Nationalist Government no longer rep resented Manchuria at Geneva. MEANWHILE the Natioalist Govern ment lodged a protest with Tokyo, as' serting that Japan had infringed upon Chinese sovereignty by assisting in the inauguration of Manchoukuo.

In reply Mr. Yoshizawa, the Japanese Foreign Minister, said that the Japanese inter vention, begun on September 18, was an act of self-defense against the at tack of Chinese soldiers upon the South Manchuria Railway; that the provincial leaders of Manchuria, tak ing advantage of that incident, took it upon themselves to organize an inde pendent state in order to free that ter ritory, already long autonomous, from the tyranny of the old militarist gime and from the political chaos of China proper; and that Manchoukuo was. in short, a result of self-determl nation on the part of the people of Manchuria. FOR THE IMMEDIATE future Man chouKuos mam sources ot revenue will be customs tariff and the salt monopoly. These two items of revenue had, under the old regime, partly been allocated to the service of cer tain of tlje foreign obligations of the old Peking Government.

Manchoukuo will assume due share of these obll gations. It will remit to the Inspec torate General of the Maritime Cus toms and the Salt Gabelle AdminiS' tration at Shanghai its usual part of customs and salt revenue collected in Manchuria. The residue at ManchoU' kuo's disposal from these two sources is estimated at less than 30,000,000 silver dollars as against its budget of $60,000,000 for the current year. To tide over the initial period of finan cial difficulty Manchoukuo has ob tained a loan of 20,000,000 yen from two Japanese firms, Mitsui and Mit subishi. Under the old regime salt was sold to the people at sixteen times the cost of production.

Only a very small part of the enormous profits was remitted to the Central Government, The rest went into the private treas ury of the Changs who exploited Manchuria for twenty years. Their underlings, emulating the masters, collected 200,000,000 silver dollars year in land taxes, of which only 5120,000,000 was rendered to the Changs. To stop such abuses the new regime issued a sort of bill of rights, of ficially called the "Law for the Pro tection of Personal Rights." It declares that no one shall be required to pay the authorities taxes, dues. fees, fines or any other contribution except in accordance with duly promulgated laws. The law also guarantees personal liberty and property rights.

But issuing laws is one thing, and enforcing them quite another Whether Manchoukuo will effectively enforce all the good laws it ha promulgated we have yet to see. The map shows typical station-to-station day calls from Baltimore, Where rates are 40c or more eve-nins and ni sht rates are lower. MATTER where she is, Mother is only seconds away by telephone. Send her the gift she will prize above all others. Send her yourself by telephone.

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