Hartford Courant from Hartford, Connecticut • 70

Page PARADE OF YOUTH Page 5 Around the World in News, Science, Exploration and Aviation Straight-Shooter. Five Long Years. in his body which bring on old age. Long Shots. Present anil Past.

1 American athletes march Iirito a huge stadium in Berlin, Germany, line up beside competitors from whitest and therefore tha most highly prized ermine skins, will probably be the real origin of supply, with Poland merely acting as middleman. The ermine is a member of the weasel family, and is called ermine only when its brown summer coat is replaced by the white winter coat. At other times, it is called the stoat. About 1-4 inches long (including the tail), the stoat, like all weasels, i3 extremely bloodthirsty. It kills animals larger than itself, living on squirrels, rabbits and birds.

During the Middle Ages, it was a crime for anyone but royalty to wear ermine. (V PACIFIC OCEAN xh 4 i 7 3 TPHtS (- -r Flying Queen. The numbers on the map above match the numbers beside news items. They will help you o-cate the spot where eacli event took place, or where interest in it was centered. Industry.

One of the queerest of the world's queer flsh is the archer fish of Siam. Hugh M. Smith, former fisheries adviser to the King dom of Siam, brings back to Amer- ica this interesting bit of knowledge. The archer fish secures its food by shooting insects with a pellet of water. It rarely, if ever, misses its target at 4 feet, and the force with which the watery bullets strike is astonishing.

An insect may be knocked high in the air or may fall on the bank beyond a fish's reach. At short range the drops strike a person's face with a stinging sensation. On at least two occasions water pellets shot by the archer fish extinguished a cigarette held in the mouth of a smoker on a veranda directly over the water. Wind Wreck. In the United States, trains are usually wrecked by "jumping the track," colliding, or by falling through bridges weakened by flood waters.

But in India, during a heavy storm near Bilaspur, Central Provinces, a heavy train was completely overturned the other day by the wind. The passengers escaped with minor hurts, but the conductor was seriously injured. The wind, except in the case of tornadoes and hurricanes, rarely if ever blows hard enough to upset a train in this country. But on the Great Plains it does cause considerable trouble. Wagons carrying hay frames and header barges are frequently turned over by the wind.

Gusts of wind striking automobiles traveling at high speeds sometimes force them off the road. Hay and grain stacks also have to be securely moored to keep the wind from blowing them away. Radio Doctors. When a doctor was wanted in pioneer days, 1 one of the older boys of the household was usually sent on horseback. With the coming of the telephone, the doctor could be summoned in a fraction of the time.

But sometimes the doctor cannot be reached because he is away from his office. To remedy this situa tion, a radio signaling device was recently demonstrated in Washington, D. C. Code signals sent out from a physician's exchange would ring a buzzer and turn on a light on a special radio set in tha doctor's He would then go to the nearest telephone to call for instructions. Each receiving set would have its own combination, similar tu the combination on a safe.

I Shortly will be culmi- 2 nafeJ project first dis-I cussed by three men in New York five years ago. The men: Col. Charles Lindbergh, Juan Trippe, president of Pan American Airways; Andre Priester, chief engineer of PAA. The project: A trans-Pacific airline. The five years have been years of planning, years of drudgery.

Not a thing contributing to safe operation has been overlooked. There were men to be trained, planes to be designed and built, bases to be established. Pan American did the first, schooling a crew of five for each plane captain, co-pilot, navigator, radio officer, flight engineer in test hops over the Caribbean Sea. Now five full crews are ready. Igor Sikorsky and Glenn L.

Martin did the second, after other manufacturers declared it impossible to build the kind of planes PAA wanted. And the airline did the third, with 150 men and $4,000,000, converting Wake, Midway and Gaum into Pacific paradises. Now all is ready, tests are complete and mail is "being carried. Soon that enterprising person who, a year ago, handed PAA a blank check with instructions to fill it in and give him the first ticket to China, will get a call. 'Painless' Shaving.

The introduction of the safety razor has taken most of the pain out of 13 shaving in this country, but in other climes men are not so fortunate. I- Take the South Sea islanders, for example. There, says a late bul letin of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, shaving until recently was a painful process. The operation was performed by means of a shark's tooth set in a wooden handle. With this crude instrument, native barbers literally sawed off the beard, but in case the victim had a tender skin his hair was singed off as are the pin feathers of a plucked chicken.

Prolonged Life. JT Many may live to be I thousands of years old rtJ in the future, acordinz to Dr. Alexis Carrel, Nobel Prize winning biologist of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York City. First, human beings might be placed in a state of suspended animation for long periods ot time, thus stretching out a noinal life span over a period of centuries. Second, man might be rejuvenated (made young) again and again by replacing certain glands ffM, 6t4S i Third, man might lengthen his ordinary life span by learning how to eat and think properly.

Fourth, the artificial haart In vented not long ago by CoL Charles A. Lindbergh might be used to keep the body alive indefinitely just as it now keeps whole organs such as the liver alive. Boots and Saddle. 15 The wide open spaces of the West are again beckoning the "dudes" of the East. For a vacation with exhilarating air, gorgeous scenery and more or less rugged life, many office-ridden Easterners are picking dude ranches.

These ranches, so called bccau.se their visitors are tenderfoots or dudes to cowboys, are a creation ot the past decade. They began during leaner years when ranchers sought to augment their incomes with tourist money. Now there are abouh 500. Most are actual ranches W'here cattle raising is carried on. Lately, some dude ranches have been set up for the sole accommodation of tourists.

The life and schedule at both are much the same. Dozens of miles from the nearest towns, guests live quietly in small cabins equipped with running water. They eat at the main ranch house. There are horses to ride, hiking trips, tennis courbs, fishing trips and swimming in a creek dammed for that purpose. Total cost averages about including fare to the ranch and clothing.

The clothing is like the cowboys overalls, boots, cotton and woolen shirts, leather gloves and hiking shoes. Spurs and chaps are picturesque but unnecessary. 'Sauer Everyone is familiar with cabbage saurkraut. But few know turnip 16 saurkraut. or "sauer ru-ben," as it is called in Germany.

Both foods have long been popular on the Continent, but somehow only saurkraut, patriotically called "Liberty Cabbage" during the Worid War, got over to America. Now the Department of Agriculture is trying to popularize sauer ruben in this country. A recent bulletin claims it is superior in flavor and more- appetizing. Fall turnips from 2'a to inches in diameter make the best sauer ruben, says the department. The peelings should be left on and the turnip shredded rather nan ground or sliced.

Sauer ruben is fermented the same as saurkraut. It may be canned in tin or kept in open stone jars with the surface conrioWW ouvarsd by mineral oii II Maw I Ii 1 pmm I The famous "Paris Gun" I with which the Germans I shelled the French capi tal during the World War from a distance of 75 miles, was not one gun, but two different types of guns. In the current issue of the Army Recruiting News, it is stated that one had a caliber of about 8 inches and the other, 9 inches. The 8-inch gun could shoot a 230-pound projectile 80 miles. It took the shell three minutes to reach its objective.

Tne 9-inch gun fired a heavier projectile, but did not have as great a range. The range of both however, was so great that allowance had to be made for the curvature of tha earth. Their barrels were so long that they were suspended from derricks to keep them from bending. Coasting on Air. 18 Gliding, generally regarded as a sport, is now coming to the fore as a practical and inexpensive method of training airplane pilots for war or peace.

Turkey, for example, has recently started training boys and girls as glider pilots in the hope of making Turkey air-minded. Gliding is really coasting upon air currents. There are four types. Tha first is "slope soaring," in which the wind swerving up a hill sustains the glider. The second is "thermal soar ing, in which heat currents rising from barren spots, such as deserts, are used.

In "cloud hoppirrg," the third type, the pilot circles his ship into the column of air rising be- neath a massed cloud. The fourth is storm-cloud flying, wherein the Klider rides the violent updrafls at the front of a thunderstorm. The lat is very dangerous, as the wind may snap off the wings. Smoke of War, 19 One of the iridic i-tions of impending war. military experts ch i is the demand for malt-mis of war.

At present they have their eyes glud on the Malay Peninsn! There miners are working day and night to supply the enormous demand fur ilrnenile, the mineral from which is derived titanium tetrachloride, used to produce smoke screens. Ilrncnite i.s a by-product of the tin mines. Titanium tetrachloride is useful in both offensive and defensive military operations. Smoka screens may be laid with it either ti prevent Uie enemy from seeing preparations for an attack, or cover a retreat. A powerful acid, it may also be used to disperse bodies of troop3.

propped on them by low-flying airjlane.s, it soon eats up their clo ys uA burns the skin severely. 7f many other nations, and take the Olympic oath. Cannon boom, flocks of carrier pigeons bear the glad tidings to every town in Germany, and the eleventh of the new series of Olympic games is tinder way. But today's Olympics are quite different from the first Olympics. Tha ancient Greeks, who started the games over 2,000 years ago, believed that Zeus, father of the gods who dwelt on Mount Olympus, watched with pleasure the contests of strength and skill.

Victors in the games were often believed divine and were royally welcomed home. Proud citizens even opened breaches in the city walls for them to march through in triumph, and poets, orators and sculptors created their best works in honor of them and their deeds. Oily Penguin. Oil may calm troubled waters, but it also is one of the greatest of dangers to birds of the es. Not long ago, a penguin waddled shore olT Cape Town, South Africa.

Its grotesque gait was even Tune wobbly than usual. A dog went barking at it. but the penguin paid no mind. Sailors had the answer to the bird's strange behavior. "Oil," they said.

"He's been through oil and water. It's gotten into his nostrils, hampered his breathing. Perhaps his eyes, too, temporarily blinding him. But a day or two ashore will bring him around and send him back to sea." Penguins are perhaps the most unusual members of the bird kingdom. Their home is the frozen wastes of the south Polar seas.

They have wings, but cannot fly. Their short chubby legs are So far back that, on land, they walk upright, appearing like stout little men in evening dress. The female lays a single egg. and the birds spend most of their hve3 alloat, feeding on fish and mollusks. Their wings, useless in the air, serve as flippf-rj in the water, and they are marvelous swimmers.

Koyal Ermine. The costly ermine which will adorn royalty and nobility at King Edward's coronation next year Eill come, in large part, from Po-, nd. One Warsaw firm has already Received a $139,000 order for the I precious fur. But Siberia, produces the Newsreel of Copper, which is closely III related to gold and silver, I was probably the first metal used by man. Its early history is shrouded in man's rise from savagery.

But we know that some of the races which perished before the beginning of writ- ten history killed their enemies and wild beasts with weapons made from bronze, which is an alloy of copper and tin. The ancient Egyptians cut their hard granite monuments with bronze or copper chisels, which they must have known how to harden in a way now unknown. Almost all the ancient nations used it in making bronze for household ornaments and utensils, weapons of war, and coins. In the time of the Romans, if a man was worth 150,000 pounds of copper, he had to fight in the front ranks of the legion. Less wealthy men served in lesser capacities, but if a man owned little or no copper, he was not "required to serve in the army nor did lie pay taxes.

The most widely known product i2 Seven-League Hoots. The seven-league boots of fable had nothing on a. giant boot recently put on display in Boston, Mass. Said to be the largest in the world, it is feet high and 5 feet 4 inches long. It would just fit a giant 35 feet tall! Boots have been worn since antiquity.

Until recent times, boots, and shoes, too, were made so they could be worn on either foot. Since they were not shaped to fit the foot, they were naturally very uncomfortable. Today boots are made In great variety and from several different materials. There are rubber boots, to keep dry the legs and feet of the fisherman, the farmer and the dairyman; leather boots to protect the mountain climber, sportsman and the explorer from myriad dangers, not least of which is the fangs of poisonous snakes; and special boots for the cowboy with high heels which enable him to "dig in" and hold a struggling calf. Musk joneers.

-j -r-0 provide food and wool for the 500 povorty- stricken Eskimos on lone ly Nunivak Island in the Bering Sea. the University of Alaska has just sent them 27 musk oxen which will form the nucleus of a large herd. Able to exist farther north than any other hoofed mammal, the musk ox is really a goat which tried to become an ox, but stopped halfway between, and is therefore neither. It is found only in the barren lands of northern Canada and Greenland. The rigorous climate of the Arctic does not bother the musk ox because it has two coats of hair.

One is long, thick and brown. The other is a thick, soft under-fur, which is shed in summer. If it IT- 7, Vim M-ir were not shed, the musk ox miht i almost smother to death. When attacked by man or beast, the musk ox does not run. Instead, the females and young are sur-rounded by a circle of bulls, facing outward with menacing, lowered horn.

Li. '3 'V" XWWPV 'il I Boy Wonder. The stage for this life drama is a green, baize-covei'ed table. The cur tain first rolls back on a scene in a small hotel in the town of Cornwall-on-the-Hudson, N. Y.

An 8-year-old boy stands on a soap box and, with a cue taller -r, than he, knocks balls about a billiard table. Willie Hoppe is developing the cue dexterity that has led him to fame. Let's skip 10 years. They are years of rigid training for the boy. His career is cut out for him.

Not for him are the joys of his school mates' games. Baseball, foot ball, basketball all are taboo. His wrists might be injured. Next is disclosed the brilliantly lighted ball room of a Paris hotel. Sunk in a chair, resigned to his fate, is the aging French master of the cue, the world's 18.1 balkline champion Maurice Vignaux.

Willie Hoppe is straining to get positions to make his shots, for he is still too small to be comfortable at a regulation size table. A few deft strokes and, at 18, he is champion of the world at 18.1 billiards. For this type of billiards, lines are drawn parallel to, and 18.1 inches away from, each cushion. This divides the table into nine rectangles. The three bails must be played in certain of these rectangles.

Today, short, stocky Willie Hoppe doesn't regard that triumph of 30 years ago as his greatest thrill. The greatest came in 1922 when he regained the title he had held from 1909 to 1921. Among his minor thrills have been demonstrations for such notables as President Taft and Mark Twain. A few months back, modest, gray-haired Mr. Hoppe added to his laurels by annexing the three-cushion championship.

In this, as in other tournaments, he used the same cue he wielded that memorable night in ParLs. That cue has accompanied him all over the world. It has known victory many times more than defeat. It has flashed before thousands of people, has scored between and 8,000,000 points. It will be stilled, owner says, only when he finds the "perfect" player.

Wrhen Mr. Hoppe finds the player combining the virtues of all the world's great billiards players, there will be no more road work to harden leg muscles for billiards is played standing. There will be no more "early-to-bed" rules. For the "Boy Wonder" will hav retired. i ii An lB-year-oId girl is going along an English road.

Tired from her work in a lawyer's office, she looks forward to a refreshing week-end in the country. A droning attracts her attention to the sky. She watches an air plane swing lower and head for its landing field. The girl follows and is there when it lands. For the first time in her life.

Amy Johnson sees an airplane. Gore are thoughts of a country week-end In their place is one burning desire to fly. Slim, brown-haired Amy Johnson Mollison has now realized that determination, leaving behind shattered records and countless adventures. But record-breaking wasn't her idea when she first flew in 1928. She wanted to fly simply for amusement and to ie around flying folk.

She even worker) amnnri hangars and shops, gradually becoming a skilled mechanic. She also studied navigation. Engrossed in this, she began toying with the idea of flying from England to Australia. The famous Bert Ilinkler had done that two years before. Amy would show the world that wherever a man could go, a woman could go.

Her father offered to furnish half the necesasry money if she could raise the other half. He thought that was a perfect way to squash Amy. It wasn't. She got the other She made the flight solo, the first woman to succeed at such a daring venture. She was forced down in the desert by a sarTdstorm; battled winds and storms over the Timor Sea.

She flew a 10.000-mile route so hazardous it has quailed many a man. Since that 1930 flight, small, blue-eyed Amy Mollison has assisted her husband, "Capt. Jim," on an Atlantic flight and twice smashed the England to Cape Town, South Africa, record. They were married in 1932. England's flying queen confesses that she has often been terrified in the air.

She is particularly nervous when Capt Jim is at the controls. She can't explain this, as she readily admits he is a finer pilot than she. At 26, Amy Mollison thinks record flying is just about tlnisned. There isn't much profit in it any more, she claims. But her restless, adventurous soul won't be stilled.

Now, with her husband, she plans to girdle the globe at the equator. separated from dirt and rock by the use of coal tar and creosote. In another process the copper is separated from dirt and rock by an acid which dissolves the rock. Tha copper is then smelted and refined. Refining is done by use of an elec tric current.

The unrefined copper is hung in large plates at one pole, and sheets of pure copper form on the other pole. Wrhen electric current is shot between the two poles, the unrefined copper is dissolved and is deposited pure on the other pole. The impurities, which often contain precious metals like gold and platinum, fall to the bottom of the bath of acid in which the two sheets of Copper are suspended. This use of electric current to decompose a substance is called electrolysis. Because it is the second-best conductor of electricity (silver is first) about hulf the copper mined is now used in the electrical industry, where, as wire, it provides pathways for electrical current.

A large part of the remainder is used in the manufacture of brass, bronze and other alloys used in inio oars i.uv reel ioiij; anu a qu.ti- ter of an inch in diameter. This rod is then drawn through wire dies, each reducing the diameter and increasing the length. A single 225-pound bar of copper will make 2,200 miles of wire. The United States produces about liaif the world-s supply and has more reserves than any other country. Chile is second, with Africa third, while the deposits in Spain, which have been mined since the days of Phoenicians, are still rich.

One of the most interesting uses of copper is in our "nickel" coins. They are composed largely of copper, with only a small amount of nickel added to make them white. of copper dating back to those days automobiles, electric railways, ships, was the famous Colossus of Rhodes, in building construction and equip-j Known as one of the Seven Wond- ment. ers of the ancient world, it was a i The making of copper wire is a bronze statute to the sun god Helios very interesting process. Large, red-which the joyous people of Rhodes hot bars of copper pass between cast out of the spoils left by a rollers until they are drawn out iV.

tlr JJ n.J tt uvnuiy aiiuy wiiicii suuuemy nvu without waiting to gather up its belongings. It stood 105 feet high and was felled by an earthquake about 225 B. C. One thousand years later it was sold by the conquering Arabs to a junk dealer. Little copper is found in the pure state, except in me oeposus arouna laKe superior, mosi copper, us mined, is combined with sulphur or other elements.

Gold, silver and arsenic are often found mixed up in the copper ores. The metal is mined like coal and brought to the surface through shafts. To obtain copper from the ore different methods are used, depending on the character of the ore. In the flotation process, the copper is.