Monongahela Valley Republican from Monongahela, Pennsylvania • 1

Kepub ONOM ELA LIOAN, CHILL W. HAZZARD, Editor. A LOCAL ED IN 1)S TERMS: SI. SO a Year in Advance. VOLUME XXXVIII.

MONONGAHELA CITY, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1889. NUMBER 34. GA PUNGENT PARAGRAPHS. SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. SOLDIEEtf DEPARTMENT.

and sinners in general. Modern criminals may perhaps thank their' stars that they avo spared unnecessary bodily torture, and that the evident hope of was that committed by the Dutch on the English in Amboyna, where the victim's arms were nailed to the upper beam of a doorway, his feet tied to tho sides, underneath his soles were placed lighted candles, torches were applied to his arm-pits, and thon after a bandage had been placed about his chin, beer was poured into his mouth and he was compelled to swallow it until he was as full-bodied as an ordinary Dutch burgomaster. The idea that the poor wretch was filled with beer may bo scouted, unless it were stale and un- BARBERS IN EUROPE. Their Peculiarities Net Forth for the Edification of the Rentier. French barbers wrap the end of a towel over the fingors of their left hand, and when it is necessary to touch tho face at all it is the towel which comes into contact with it and not the barber's hand.

The main point about their work is the extraordinary swiftness and dexterity with which they shave. In America a man usually reconciles himself to be fifteen or twenty minutes in the chair, and five minutes of it is spent in dodging hair tonics, bay rum, brilliantine, face lotions and powder. The French use none of those things. They lather a man's face very slightly, run it over with a razor, sponge it off, and then the man dries it himself with Paixhaus gun sent from Fort Duncan, Maryland Heights, in my presence, to Bolivar Heights against a group of Southern horsemen, killed General Lewis and wounded or killed nineteen of his companions. I have heard wounded soldiers groaning under great pain, but I never heard them crying out or using profane language.

When halting on horseback on the right of the Thirty-fourth Massachusetts, in the battle of New Market, the regiment was under fire at close range for about forty minutes, losing two hundred men in killed and wounded, but not a loud cry was heard from those who were wounded. As a general rule, our troops consisted of good men individually, who were not willing to leave their positions without showing fight But even the best troops have given way by having been attacked unawares or on account of other extraordinary circumstances that created momentary confusion and a panic. One of the most common YESTERDAY. My friend, tie spoke of a woman fiice It puzzled mo, nnd I paused to think, lie told of her eyes and mouth, the trace Of prayer on her brow, and quick as wink I ald: yes, but you wrong her years. She' only a child, with faiths and fears That childhood lit, I tell thee nay; She was a girl just yesterday." "The years are swift and sure, I trow" (Quoth he.) "You speak of the long ligo." Once I strolled In a garden spot, And every tlower upraised a head (So It seemed,) for they, I wot, Were males of mino; each bloom and bed, Their hours for sleep, their merry mood, The lives and dcutlis of the whole sweet brood, Wore known to me it was my way To visit tlicni but yesterday.

Spake one red rose, In a Iiingunfre low: We sew ycu 'ust in the long ago." Entering under the lintel wide, I saw the room 'twas all the same; The oaken press and the shelves aside. The window, small for the sunset flame, The book I loved on tho table large I opo'd, and lo! in the yellow marge The leaf I placed was shrunk and gray, I swear it was green but yesterday i Then a voice stole out of the sunset glow: "You lived here, man, In the long ago." 'TIs the same old tale, though It comes to ma SMUGGLERS, How Clever Customs Detectives Contraband Articles, Capture Messrs. Wolff and Grose, special cus toms agents, were sitting in their office with one or two friends. The conver sation was about smugglers and smug gling, and Mr. Wolff was relating how he had captured a smugglor in New Brunswick.

"I was with another offi cer," he said, "in a district when smuggling was said to be very com mon. We stopped one night at a house on the roadside, and were so well treat ed that in the morning we stopped near the door to decide what we could da to show our gratitude. While we were talking, the man came out and said: 'Don'tbe too hard on a poor fellow. "We 'caught on' at once and said to him: 'Well, you have been very kind to us. Bring out the stuff and we will be as easy on you as we The man brought out the smuggled goods and we seized them." "There was a jeweler in this city caught in something the same way, said Mr.

Gr03e. "I was informed that he had, bought twelve gold rings which he knew to have been smuggled. I got a description of them, and going into the jeweler's office told him I had come for some goods he had smuggled and he had better bring them into the office or I would have to go and look for them. He went out and came back with an armfull of trays of ring3. asked him what that was, and he said that was all he had smuggled.

looked through them all, but could not find the rings I was looking for, so said to him: 'This is not the whole of them. You had better bring them all in at once, or I will go out and look for them He went out again and brought in another armfull of trays saying he would take his oath that was all he had smuggled. I asked him for the names of all the parlies implicated and he said there was no one but his brother. I sent for an officer to watch the rings and went my self to the man's brother, in whose store I seized $7,000 worth of jewelry The seizure in the first store amounted to about 000." "A clever, trick was played a little while ago on a merchant in this said anotner gentleman. "fie ar ranged with another man to smuggle in five barrels of kerosene, and they were brought into the city in the dead of night and stored in his cellar.

Ho paid the money and the smuggler went away. Next morning the gentleman found that the barrels were filled with pure water." "I had quite an exciting experience one winter night out in the to aid Mr. Grose. "I was with Colonel Rodgers, the collector, and he told me the road he was driving on was the worst for smuggling in Canada. He was telling me all kinds of smuggling stories that made the hair rise on my head, and just then we heard the tinklo of sleigh bells "I will bet you that is a smuggler," he said.

"All right," said "I guess we are the very men he ought to meet." We drew up, and presently we saw an express sleigh coming along, the load being covered with buffalo robes. -W tailed on the man to stop, but the only answer he made was to lay the whip to the horses, and they tore off at a gallop. We turned around and set off at a full speed after him and the Colonel firing his revolver in the air to frighten the smuggler, but vain. had a fast horse and were rapidly overtaking him when he turned into a lane and drew up behind tho barn. The Colonel leaped out and seized the smuggler by the collar, say ing: "You scoundrel, why didn't you stop? I drew off the buffalo robes to find the smuggled goods, but only found a lot mail bags.

he supposed smuggler was a mail carrier." Mon treal Gazette. THE LITTLE HIGH-CHAIR, A Bit of Life Disclosed by a Scene In an Auction Kootu. There was an auction at one of the down-town auction houses recently. A pale, sad-faced woman, in a plain calico gown, stood in a crowd. The loud-voiced auctioneer finally came to lot of plain and somewhat worn furniture.

It had belonged to the plain woman, and was being sold to satisfy the mortgage on it. One bv one the articles were sold, the old bureau to one, the easy rocker to another, and a bead stead to a third. Finally the auctioneer hauled out a child high chair, It was old and rickety, and as the auctioneer held it up everybody laughed everybody ex- ceping the pale-faced woman. A tear tricuieu down ner cheek, lhe auc tioneer saw it, and somehow a lump seemed to come up his throat, and his gruff voice grow soft. He remem bered a little high-chair at home, and how it had once filled his life with sun shine.

It was empty now. The baby laugh, tne two little nanus mat were once held out to greet "papa" from that high-chair were gone forever. He saw the pale-faced woman's piteous looks, and knew what it meant; knew that in her eye the little rickety high-chair was more precious than if it had been made of gold and studded with diamonds. In imagination he could see the little dimpled cherub which it once held; could see the chubby little fist grasping the tin rattle-box and pounding the chair full of nicks; could see the little feet which had rubbed the paint off the legs; could hear the crowing and laughing in glee and now, the little high-chair was empty. He knew there was an aching void in the pale-faced woman's heart; there was in his own.

Somehow the day may come and go, but you never get over it. There is no one to dress in the morning, no one to put to bed at night. "Don't laugh," said the auctioneer, softly, as somebody facetiously offered ten cents; "many of you have little empty high-chairs at home which money would not tempt you to part with." Then he handed the clerk a bill out of his own pocket and re marked, "Sold to the lady right there," and as the pale-faced woman walked out with the little high-chair clasped in her arms, and tears streaming down her cheeks, the crowd stood back respectfully, and there was a suspicious moisture in the eyes of the man who had bid ten cents. Detroit Free Press It is time for a revival of reading, writing, and arithmetic in the public 3chools. Clay modeling and music are nice accomplishments, but the children when grown cannot handle mud for their board nor sing for their supper.

San Francisco Alta. There is one time when a bank tel ler doesn't tell and that is when he is contemplating a trip to Canada. Rochester Express, CANADIAN He "If you will be mine, Louise, I will lead you through life liko an angel." She "That is, with nothin to eat and nothincr to wear. No, I thank you." Fliegende Blatter. The man who thinks ho can heave in a few toddies, and go home and de ceive his wife into an idea that he quite sober, is worae fooled than he thinks she is.

Milwaukoe Journal. "Professor" is rapidly getting to be a title which implies that the professions of knowlege on the part of the man who applies it to himself are not to be believed. Journal of Education "llo 1 would like to be tne man in the moon. Maude, to look down on this tray old world as he does." "I wish you were, I'm sure, "Why?" "Well, the moon is several thousand miles away." Lincoln Jour nal. Prosecuting Attorney (selecting jury) "Isn't the prisoner a relative of yours?" Juror No, sir; he is a rela tive of my wife." Prosecuting Attor ney "Your Honor, tho prosecution ac cepts this gentleman." N.

Y. Sun. Ihere are naif a million men in this country who daily enter a cigar store and ask: "Have you a good cigar?" And not one of them has ever found a tobacconist honest enough to reply iu the negative. Detroit Free Press. Railroad President "Mr.

Jenkins, can't you suggest some distinctive name for our road, something like the 'Bei or the 'Nickel-Plate' something on that plan?" Secretary "How would the 'True Love' do for a "I don't see the application." "It never runs smooth." Terre Haute Ex press. "I've been working like a horse all day, growled Fogle, as he sat down to the supper table, with a look of gloom Mrs. F. remarked Tery quietly, "I'm sorry to hear you say so, dear. Horses, you know, never work unless they are driven." Transcript.

Somebody says that drinking beer will quench the thirst. Perhaps it may, but not so quickly as water. Some men's thirst is so hard to quench with beer that they swallow ten glasses in side of an hour, whereas one pint of water will satisfy a plain, ordinary, every-day thirst for eight or ten hours at a time. Norristown Herald. Husband "I hope, dear, you can nnu time to do sometnmg for poor Brown's family.

He has been ill for three months; his wife is bed-ridden and his children are starving, They live but tea minutes walk from here, you know." Wife "Impossible, John This is the day of the meeting of our Society for the preparation of Dressed Dolls and Canned Soup for South Afri can sufferers. The Browns must wait." Pittsburgh Bulletin. Miss itnei "Did you enjoy your self, Clara, at the De Dottom affair the other evening?" Miss Clara immensely. I was asked to sing, which I can't do; also to dance jind play, neither of which is one of my accomp lishments; if I painted, or was fond of art in any way; if I belonged to any literary club, and all that sort of thing, all of which you know I do not do. I simply established a reputation for genius, and was intensely admired so lovely to be a genius!" Harper's Bazar.

HINTS TO INVENTORS. Let Them Try Their Skill by Desisnlnc a Really Comfortable Seat. Thousands of models of a perfectly comfortably seat will be made this win ter in the Northern States by healthy boys playing in the snow banks. They will cast themselves backward against the slope of the drifts and sink and wriggle themselves into a position of heavenly rest in which tho absolute content of the head, shoulders, back, and legs allures body and soul to slum- oer, even in a temperature of zero. And there is not a chair-maker in this smartest of nations smart enough thus far to have made a chair on the lines left in the snow bank by the boy's body.

For forty-fivo years the male Ameri can's experience of chairs, and other furniture to sit on has been a martyr dom to ignorance and fashion. Their convex surfaces may be the deserved punishment of our national sin of per mitting unrestricted immigration iney came irom Germany, and were the treacherous gift of German uphol sterers to the confiding Republic that welcomed and fostered them. By rea son of the convexity of the seats there is not in any well-furnished parlor in this city a comfortablo chair or sofa. To sit on them is to sit on a globe or a cannon ball. The seat should always be hollow.

But the palm of reckless cruelty and unthinking stupidity in the manufact ure of furniture for domestic life is easily carried off by our American swift money makers. Consider the rocking- chair which curses our places of sum mer resort, seaside and mountain, Look at the abominable thing laterally! It is the contrivance of an idiot or a devil. The seat slopes steeply backward. The rockers short and excessively curved, serve additionally to throw the front edge of the seat up into the air. This lifts the sitters feet from the floor and brings the weight of the legs on the sharp edge of the seat front, ana accomplishes a torture winch no human being can endure for over fif teen minutes without an outcry or an oath.

Regard the thing's back! A re cess, too deep by half, invites the shoulders to repose. Below this recess a malicious bulge in the structure jams the tender small of the back, forces the lower part of the spine to sustain the entire weight of the reclining trunk, and defeats possibility ot est to the shoulders. It must have been a Puritan cabinetmaker's idea of the line of beauty that established a curvature of the American rocking-chair's back, which from the shoulders up recedes into space and mockingly refuses the weary head. Certainly, there is a great fortune for somebody in a perfectly restful seat on chair, sofa and rocker for American use. lhe nation is in a state of mad evolt and in a mood to be reckless about the price of relief.

The mechanic who starts for this gold mine must carry in his ha nd and hold before his ayes the "convex" utterly smashed, ated, despis ed, and spit on. The es tablished model of our rocking-chair's back must be felt by him to be the unpardonable sin and the crowning shame of American household art. This me- hanics soul must be filled with a rev-rence for curled horse hair, and his must rise chronically against moss, excelsior, tow, shoddy and rags is material for a soat for an honest man to make for a good man to sit on. Y. Sun.

Carpentry was the trade of tho American aborigines, Indians and maund-builders. The stamped, ornamental leather, so popular for artistic bookbinding, derived from old boots and shoes steamed to a pulp. It is claimed thatr a mixture four parts sawdust, two parts powdered fire-clay, one part powdered glass, one part cotton dust and six parts sea sand, will, when -moistened and fired at red heat, yield a very permanent and por ous material for lamp wicks. The weight per cubic foot of vari ous kinds of wood, air dried, is as fol lows: White oak 53.2 pounds, yellow pine 34.4, white pine 26.1, white beech 45.2, white elm 36.2, sweet gum 20.6, yellow poplar 33, sycamore 33.4. After wood is thoroughly air dried, about one-sixth of it is yet water.

A recent novelty is an invention designed to facilitate the manufacture of durable boot-heels. By its use heel-shaped leather shell is made and filled with a solid body. It has also novel device for pressing the leather into the approximate form and for molding and working it Among the latest methods resorted to for hardening copper is that of melting together and stirring until thoroughly incorporated, copper and from one to six per cent, of manga nese oxide; the other ingredients for bronze and other alloys may then be added. The copper thus becomes homogeneous, harder and tougher. Sarsaparilla largely employed in medicine is the product of the roots of several specie3 of smilax, found in Mexico, Central and South America.

These roots, of a reddish-brown color, about as large as a goose-quill, and nine or ten feet long, prepared in vari ous ways, are very extensively pre scribed in chronic rheumatism, chronic skin diseases and kindred ailments. The leaves are oh no value. Since Humboldt witnessed fish thrown from the volcano Cotopaxi, in 1803, it has been found that the phenomenon is repeated from time to time during eruptions, and that it occurs also in other volcanoes of the Andes. The fish are sometimes ejected in vast quantities. All belong to one species, which exists in some of the lakes on the sidesof the mountains.

The art of etching upon glass was discovered by a Nuremberg glass cutter. By accident a few drops of aqua fortis fell upon his spectacles. He no ticed that the glass became corroded and softened where the acid had touched it. That was hint enough. He drew figures upon glass with varnish, applied the corroding fluid, then cut away the glass around the drawing.

When the varnish was removed the figures ap peared raised upon a dark ground. Nitro-glycerine bids fair, say the doctors, to become an important reme dy for diseases of the kidneys; and ex periments are now making in cases of Bright' disease. Nitro-glycerine of a pure quality, possessing all the explo sive powers of the substance is pre pared in alcohol (which removes the explosive quality) in the proportion of one part of the nitro-glycerine to nine ty-nine of alcohol, and is then prepared with sugar or milk in tablets. Thus prepared it is called "Trinitrin." A patient in a Philadelphia hospital has had the dose increased until now he is taking eighty grains a day. He has Bright's disease, and the effects are said to be highly satisfactory.

lhe popular idea that a razor needs rest occasionally has a scientific foundation in the case of fine razors. The grain of the best Swedish razors runs in a diagonal direction from the upper end ot the outer point toward the handle. Constant stropping will twist the steel until the grain sets up and down, and steady use draws the grain still further over. When it gets into this condition it can not be kept sharp, but if laid away and left alone for a while the grain will resume it3 first position, and the be as good as new again. CLIFF DWELLERS.

A Rich Field for the Arehaeolo gist Southern Colorado. One of ho most attractive portions of Colorado, if not in the entire West, is tnat part oi tne state in which are found the cliff dwellings of a long ex tinct race. The district in which these ruins are located covers an area of nearly six thousand square miles, chiefly in Colorado, but which includes narrow belts in the adjacent territories of New Mexico, Utah and Arizona, The rums of tins region, like most ethers of the extreme West and South. are the remnants in a great measure of stone structures. It is evident, however, that a great portion of the villages and dwellings of the lowlands which comprise this district have been of material other than stone, frequently doubtless, of rubole and adobe com bined.

The cliff houses conform in shape to the floor of the niche or shelf on which they arc built. They are of firm, neat masonry, and the manner in which they are attached or cemented to the cliffs is simply marvelous. Their construction has cost a great deal of labor, the ock and mortar of which they are built having been brought hundreds of feet up the most precipitous places. They have a much more modern look than the valley and cave remains, and are probably in general more recent, be longing rather to the close than to the earlier parts of a long period of occupation. It seems probable that a rich reward awaits the fortunate archicologist who shall be able to thoroughly investigate the historical records that lie buried in the masses of ruins, the unexplored caves, and the still mysterious burial places of the Northwest.

But it is quite improbable that any certain light will ever be thrown on the origin of this curious race or its history. Cincinnati Commercial Gazette. An Old-Time Telephone. There are not so many new things un- der the sun as people suppose. The leiepnone n.is ine credit oi Deing an entire novelty, yet Robert Iiooke, two hundred and twentv-four years asro.

wrote: "I have by a distended wire propogated sound to a very considerable distance in an instant, or with as seemingly quick a motion as that of ight; and this not only in a straight line, or direct, but in one bended in many angles. Here was the invention of the telephone right in hand, so to speak, only Iiooke did not follow up the lead. So the world had to wait two centuries for the admirable instrument which saves so much of humanity's ffime to-day. Golden Days, STRANGER THAN FICTION. An OH Soldier Finds His Wife After Twenty-Eight Years.

A real romance, not inclosed in covers, came to light yesterday, which again proves the wisdom of the saying that truth is stranger than fiction. Frank Hall, a veteran of many battles, who was in the city yesterday, is the hero of the story, and his experience of the past week were such as rarely happen outside the confines of the playhouse or the pages of a novel. In the year 1860, Hall, then a comparatively youug man, lived in Waukesha, where he was employed in a flour-mill. In his association with the young people of the village, he became acquainted with pretty Annie Rivers, then a bonnie lassie of twenty, and a mutual attachment sprang up. He wooed and won, and on a sunny day the church bells rang merrily for the union of two hearts.

Shortly after came the breaking out of the war and its consequent excitement, and among the first to volunteer for the defense of the Nation was Frank Hall. The last moment arrived, and having bade an affectionate farewell to his weeping bride, he entered the cars and was taken to an Illinois regiment, to which he had ask ed to be assigned. In the Forty-second Illinois Volunteers ho went to the front, and none were more frequent in writing home at all possible opportunities than he. The letters from his wife came regularly at first, one informing him of the birth of a son; then they began to drop off. Finally there was a long silence, although he continued to send home his pay.

One day when the soldiers' mail was handed out there was a letter for Frank Hall which brought sad news. It was from a friend in Wis consin who, in a scarcely legible hand. wrote to acquaint him with the death of his wife. In lel3 Hall was disaoled ana received a discharge at Atlanta, going to a hospital for a time. On men he re-enlisted, this time in the Thirteenth Ohio and served until the close of the war.

He determined to continue in his country's service, and enlisted in the Sixth Cavalry of the regular service. being sent to Texas. In 1869 he left the service and settled in Kansas, after ward going to Washington Territory, thence to Michigan, and later to Iowa, where he has lately resided at Fort Madison. A few weeks ago he left Fort Mad ison to visit relatives in Illinois and Wisconsin, and arrived in Milwaukee about a week ago, with the intention of looking over familiar ground at Wau kesha, and learning the story of his wife's death and the whereabouts of the son he had never seen. On Monday he alighted from the cars at the Western Saratoga, and, although scarcely recognizing the town, managed to see a fa miliar sign.

It bore the name of one of the old mill proprietors. The man was not in, but he wa3 informed as to where Joe Gaudy, a relative of his wife, could be found, and thither he went, having hired a livery rig. Mr. Gaudy was espied in front of tho house desig-aated, and he called out to him: "Hello, Joe!" "Who are you?" asked the astonished Joe. Hall made himself known, and invited Gaudy to a seat in the buggy.

The conversation turned to the subject of the Rivers family, and Hall asked where his wife was buried. "Buried dead!" exclaimed Gaudy she's no more dead than you are. She's down to the poor-house." A more surprised man than Frank Hall never breathed. Explanations fol lowed, and they started off toward the institution in question. It seemed that a brother of Hall wife died at the time he had heard of her death, and that must have occasioned the mistake.

His own letters in some way had failed to reach their destina tion, and it was generally thought that he had been killed, and his wife had mourned him for dead. Sho had be-jome reduced in circumstances, and for ten years had been an inmate of the alms-house. When they arrived at their destination, Hall and his friend were ushered in, and the matron being acquainted with the nature of their visit, called Annie into their presence. "Annie, do you know this man?" asked Gaudy. She shook her head.

Hall, who re cognized her instantly in spite of her added years, cahed to her with outstretched arms asking if she did not know his face. She started at the sound of his voice, but did not seem to place him. 'Don't you know Frank, your hus band?" cried Hall. The woman stood a moment in sur prise and then rushed into the arms of her husband. During the affecting scene that followed Hall told her that better times were coming, and an hour later took his leave to make necessary arrangements for her release, returning to this city.

To-day he goes to claim his wife, and the happy reunited couple will shortly leave for Iowa, there tore- new the fireside so rudely broken by- war. The story is a most unusual one. and is strictly true as to above. The son lives at Lisbon, is in his twenty-eighth year, and was recently married. Milwaukee Sentinel.

SOLDIERS IN BATTLE. General Sigel rronounces Americans the liest Fighters in the World. The behavior of troops in battle de pends on the character of the soldiers and their understanding their position. If a soldier is wounded, his behavior depends on the manner in which he is wounded and whether he is of a quiet or of an excitable temper, ilesh wounds received in action are in many cases not felt at all, until the blood comes and the man gets exhausted. When a bone is struck, the shock is 'cry great and accompanied by acute pain.

1 have seen poor fellows struck in the breast by Minie baLs remaining in action for minutes, then sinking on their knees or falling on their faces. Not all such severe wounds are mortal. Sergeant Turo, of the Twelfth Missouri, eceived a ball which went right through both temples and he Jived for ears afterward; a soldier who was shot through the left lung lived for a whole rear; General Shields was shot through his breast in Mexico and reached an advanced age. The worst hits are of course those by canister and round shot and are mostly mortal. They take off arms or legs, or the head of a man, as was the case with the captain of a Southern battery in the battle of Pea Ridge.

Splinters of shells are less dangerous, but when thrown into groups and columns may disable many men A single shell from justice to-day is to get them out of the world with as little noise and prelimi nary suffering as possible. N. Y. World. NICKEL MOUNTAIN ORES.

An Interesting Description Furnished by Dr. Day In His Latest Work. The interesting ores of Nickel Mountain, Oregon, are described in Dr. Day's new volume of "Mineral Re sources of the United States." "The mountain has an elevation of 2,800 feet above Riddle, or about 3,600 feet above the sea. At an elevation of 1,000 feet above the valley, the nickel ores are first found; and from this height, on all sides of tho mountain to the very summit, are found beds of ore covering areas from one to twenty acres, and averaging six feet in thick ness.

The ores are invariably found either in bowlders disseminated through a highly ferruginous earth, or in a stratified bed underlaid by an al tered serpentine. In places the ore in these beds is not more than a foot in thickness, but in others it will run to a depth of thirty feet. Nothing like vein- formation has yet been encountered. Ueeumng with the nickel ores is chromic iron and chalcedonic silicia. Sometimos the latter contains nickel oxides, forming the beautiful gem stone crysoprase.

Nearly all the hydrated nickel and magnesium sili cates are found in greater or less quantities at these mines. No nickel minerals other than the silicates have been found. The ore bodies have been developed by numerous cuts, drifts, shafts and quarries, all of which are in ore that in bulk contains five per cent, of nickel. Some two thousand tons of this class of ore are now or. the various dumps.

No works have yet been erected for treating the ore but it is confidently expected that the year 1888 will sea this inaugurated. "A specimen of the unaltered country rock from Nickel Mountain was determined by Mr. George P. Mer rill, of the National Museum at Wash ington, as chiefly olivine, with a min eral of the pyroxene group, probably bronzite. The nickel silicates found near Webster, Jackson County, N.

C. are the result of the decomposition of an olivine rock, and the occurrence in Southern Oregon can be similarly ex plained. The association with chrome ores adds to the analogy between the two occurrences. "Lately Prof. F.

W. Clarke has fur ther substantiated the view advanced by Mr. Biddle as to the genesis of these silicates of nickel, and has extended the comparison to the silicates from New Caledonia." A PATRIOTIC PARSON. One of the Choicest Revolutionary Anec dotes Ever rubliehed. It was a fine Sabbath morning, in the year 177, that tho inhabitants of a little parish in Vermont, and on the borders of New Hampshire, assembled in their accustomed place of worship.

The cares of that fearful and long to- be-remembered summer had imprinted an unusually serious look upon the rougn tnougn not unpleasant coun tenances of the male members of that little congregation. The rugged fea tures relaxed, however, as they en tered that hallowed place, and felt the genial influence of a summer's sun, hose rays illuminated the sanctuary, and played upon the desk and upon the countenance of him who ministered there. He was a venerable man, and his whitened locks and tottering frame evinced that he had numbered three score and ten years. Opening the sacred volume, the minister was about commence the services of the morn ing, when a messenger, almost breath less, rushed into the church, exclaim ing: "The enemy are marching upon our western counties!" Tl, -luo uksjimu w.Uu arouuu upuc his congregation nnd announced ms text: "He that hath a garment let him sell it and buy a sword." After few preliminary remarks, he added: "Go up, my friends, I beseech you, to the help of your neighbors against the mighty. Advance into the field of battle, for God will muster the hosts of war.

Religion is too much interested the success of this day not to lend her influence. As for myself, age sits heavily upon me, and lean not go with you; neither have 1 representatives of my family to send. My daughters my daughters can not draw the sword nor handle the musket in defense of their country, but they can use tho hoe; so that when the toil-worn soldier returns from the field of battle he may not suffer the necessaries of life." Tho venerable bowed his head devotion, nhen ho again looked around his audience was gone. One by one they had silently eft the house of God, and ere the sun had that day set, male inhabitants of that, little par- wno were aDie to bear arms, were their way to meet tho enemies of their country on the field of Bennington. N.

Y. Ledorer. The Elder Sothern as a Joker. wne uay xne eider sotcern, who was famous practical joker as well as actor, went with Mrs. Wood into an iruuuiuugttr snop ana asKea lor a copy of Macaulay's "History of En gland." "We do not sell books, sir," the assistant.

"This is an ironmonger's shop." "Well, I'm not par ticular," said Sothern, pretending to deaf; "I don't care whether it is bound in calf or Russia." "But this is a bookseller's," shouted the as sistant. "All right," said Sothern: wrap it up neatly. 1 want to have it sent down to tho hotel. is for a present I wish to make to a relative." "We don't keep shouted the assistant, getting red the face. "Do it up for me as if it, were for your own mother.

I don't an any thing better than that." Sothern. "I would like to write name on the fly-leaf." "Sir." bawled the assistant at the top of his oice, "can't you see wo do not keep books?" "Very well," said Sothern. uite undisturbed, "I will wait for it." clerk appealed to his master and iid he thought the customer must be his head. "What is it, sir? What you desire?" he said to Sothern. want to buy a file," said the actor; plain file, four or five inches long." Certainly," said the master, casting a withering glance at his assistant Cleveland Leader.

I There are about 70,0.00 lace-makers Normandy, and in all France there nearly 200,030 women sagaged in industry. 1 drinkable. Anyway, it was a terriblo punishment for any Briton who had not been a Heidelberg student. The French method of executing criminals is by means of the guillotine, the invention of a certain Dr. Guillotin.

The doctor's Invention has been made the subject of a painting by Canot, a pupil of David, who in his master's studio had become acquainted with Talma, Danton, Robespierre, Marat and Guillotin himself. The picture represents Guillotin showing tho model of his death-dealinsr machine to the Convention, which adopted it in place of beheading by the axe. The first trial was given to it on April 25, 1792, when a dead body was decapitated successfully. The French excutionor is styled "Monsiour de Paris," who, when his attendants fasten the wretch to the fatal board of the guillotine, whispers in the suavest manner: "Courage, my friend, it will not hurt you much," The fate of some regicides is not pleasant to contemplate. Respecting the death of Damiens, who attempted the life of Louis of France, an old chronicler says: "I can scarce guide my pen to tell you what that insane and wretched mortal endured before well as on the day of the execution.

will pass over the trilling tortures he was put to in private and come to the day of his public sufferings, first desir ing the reader to lay down this paper if he be not well prepared to hear re lated the saddest tale of truth that ever pen or press produced. It can imagined that the horrors were some thing frightful, when it is said that even four wild borse3 driven to four contrary points did not free the victim from his sufferings. The old chronicler says of this execution: "It was ob served that during that last and terri fying operation all the men's heads were turned away from the horrid sight, but all the women's immovably fixed on the criminal. Louis XV. was a man of a perfect good temper, there fore I hope and believe the sufferings of the assassin arose from the love his subjects, otherwise 1 would prefer being the departed shade of Damiens to that of a King of France." And the story of horrors is not yet fully described; in fact, much of it would be too horrifying for perusal nowadays.

Some popular ancient meth ods of slayingcriminals were thperush- ing of their bones by having a spiked roller dragged over them by horses or by means of sharp spiked harrow dragged by spirited steeds, the placing of thorns upon the victim's body and then letting a huge stone fall upon them. A favorite method practiced in India up to a recent date was the em ployment of elephants as execationers, either by trampling the victims to deatli or by having the huge creature do it as gently as possible by pressing its pon derous paw upon the head. In Japan they do the business in this way: An official asks the culprit if he is ready. One of the assistants slits the dress at the back of the neck and turns it back over the shoulders, leav ing the neck and upper portion of the back bare. He then pours a little water on the neck, and then for the only time a shudder passes over the poor wretch's flesh.

The executioner then takes the dipper and pours water along the blade of the sword, also wetting the linen wrapped around the handle so as to se cure a firm grip. Then he quietly moves to the left of the prisoner, who is motionless as a stone: two assistants stand in front and two behind the kneel ing form. There is a silence of death on the crowd. The executioner meas ures his victim, lifts the sword with both hands shoulder high a lightning stroke given apparently without effort a never-to-be-forgotten thud and the head rolls off. A very peculiar preliminary to death sentence that deserves to be put on record was that in vogue in Fran- conia in the fifteenth century that is, in the days of the ordeal, in which Heaven itself was supposed to take a hand in the distribution of justice.

In onse a woman had been made to suffer in reputation by a man, she was at liberty to challenge him to combat, which took place in the following way: A regular ring was formed for specta tors and cuairs were placed for the judges. In the middle of the ring was a hole about three feet deep, in which the man, armed only with a club, had to defend himself against the woman, who was armed with a stone weighing a pound tied up in a handkerchief and attached to a slender willowy stick. The lady had a space measuring ten feet in diameter in which to evolute and to attack. lhe rules were as follows: If the man in attempting to strike the woman touched the ground with arm or hand he made one error. If ha made three such, or if the woman succeeded in dis arming him, he was declared defeated and was then delivered over to the executioner to be put to death, which was by being buried in tho same hole in which he had vainly attempted to defend himself.

But if the man suc ceeded in thwarting the attacks of the woman, or in disarming her, he was declared the victor, and the woman herself was then the victim and was sentenced to death and buried alive. The unpublicity of the proposed method of execution by electricity will be deeply regretted by hardened crimi nals who have read up the last speeches on the scaffold by the heroes of their craft. Many a black-hearted wretch has died comparatively happy after being allowed to address the world just before being launched into eternity. The darkest-dyed criminal loved dearly to preach a sermon as a warning to the rest of humanity prior to being taken off. Many a brute has left his friends with the disgusting assurance that, after the fatal noose has done its work.

ho has a first-class entrance ticket for the realms of eternal glory. And the great public enjoyed this kind of sacrilegious spectacle hugely. This speech-making on the scaffold appears to have been a relic of still remoter times, when do the practice of chanting last, dying speeches in the vicinity of tho place of execution was a common thing. Truly a desperate world was ours at one time in the search for cruelties to be meted out to malefactors, traitors to a in for in the lsn, on a said be not it, in said my The off I 'a in are this a towel and leaves the shop five or six minutes after he has entered it. Very many Frenchmen shave twice a day if they are going out in the evening, and it is the regular custom to step into barber's on their way to dinner, and get shaved after they have assumed evening dress.

There is no pomatum or cosmetic of any sort used, so that tho "barber's' smell" is agreeably lack ing. 1 am quite aware that I am running in to the face of tradition in commend ing French barbers. The tradition is false. That brilliant satirist an master of grotesque lampooning, Mark Twain, has built up a reputation for the French barber which he will never be able to shake off, as far as the be liefs of Americans are concerned. But the man is maligned, nevertheless as any old resident of Paris can testify.

But Mark Twain's sarcasm on the barber of England is well bestowed He has even understated the case. distinguished American novelist whom I met in London told me that he was glad that he had come to Eugland for two reasons. In the first place ho had learned to bathe every morning, and in the second he had acquired the art of shaving himself. "The first of these," he said, "keep: me free from colds in the head, and by the second I escape the horrors of th barber shop, and particularly of the British barber." It is considered in England rather a common thing to go to a barbor shop, as all the toffs are shaved by their valets, and the men who imitate them shave themselves, so as not to reveal the fact that they have no personal servants. The few barbers that exist, however, make up in crime for this paucity of number.

They are brutal to a point never attained even by the most gallus and showy Southern negro tonsorial artist. The familiarity of London barber is almost as bad as his brutality. He pulls his customers around, jerks, scrapes, saws and tor tures them, with endless enthusiasm. I have never been able to understand why any man adopts the calling of a barber in Germany, for the pay is ab surdly small. I don't remember the exact figures, but know that it never failed to startle me when reckoning day came.

All over Germany they give credit with a decree of truthfulness which the foreigner considers a beauti ful tribute to the general honesty of human nature, until he learns of the great strictness, power and almost in defatigable work of the German police. it is impossible for a debtor to get across the border, and hence the truth fulness. The first barber I ever had in the German empire was the picture of Fritz Listz, the pianist, except that he was not gray. He charged about twenty cents a week for coming to my hotel and shaving me every morning, and it was two weeks before I got over being abashed in his presence. He had a huge shock of blonde hair, which was combed back from a noble fore head and cut off square across the neck after the fashion of Abbe Listz, and he invariably wore a frock coat, buttoned well around his small waist.

A flower bloomed in his buttonhole, and he fniTlP. TVlt.h Ills 1 Vi i nil tro ycA tt, 4 Uttle Water-tirht box. Ha usual Iv hnmmod mi nnptnlio aia oa Ins me, and it was a long time before could summon up sufficient courage to interrupt him for the purpose of prac ticing queer German upon him before breakfast. Blakely Hall. LITTLE PHCEBE'S FRIEND, Touching Story of a ISlrd's Love for Its Child Mistress.

"Marguerite," a little girl, sends the followiug little story. It is so prettily written that the editor hadn't the heart to change a word of it, so all he did was to correct a few mistakes in spell ing: "One day, in the springtime, a great tree was felled in the grounds, and in it was a nest of young birds. They were all found dead except one dear little thing. I begged mamma to let me bring it up, and I made a nest of cot ton wool in a little cage, and began to All its wide-open yellow mouth as best could. I hunted for worms and caught flies, but it was too much for a little girl to do.

So many breakfasts, lunches, dinners and suppers all in one day, until mamma showed me how 10 mane worms out oi meat. Jo one can tell the amonnt of labor done by the mother bird until they try it themselves. Birdie began to grow rapidly, opened its bright eyes and seemed happy as a bird could be. Now it could fly about the room and it would come to my call to be fed. Next we let it fly in the garden, but as it could not feed itself yet it would fly against the window, never mistaking the room in which I was.

When other little boys and girls were visiting I would ask them if they would like me to call a bird down from the tree. Of course they all wanted a bird, but were doubtful of its cominsr. Then I would rail 'Phoebe! and down would fly tho-charming little bird and nestle on my shoulder, never alighting on any one but me. "There was one thing which puzzled little Phoebe very much, and that was why I changed color so often one day all white and the next all black and would have to be assured by my voice before she would come to me. She would sit on a twig and peep so knowingly with one little eye turned downward.

During this period of several weeks Phoebe always came horns rJk night to her clean, warm nest in her own littIe cage. About this time she fft acquained with her own relatives, and learned to feed herself, but she always came at my call until the autumn, when she went away to a warmer land. believe that if Phcebe lived through the winter she would mmfl fl.irn.in tn me. butl was not them, nnd I oln nniv tope that all the little boys and girls 'were e-ood to her. Don 'tvnn'" Pitta.

bursrh Disntch. causes was the want of preparation resulting in the surprise of the men of whole armies or smaller independent bodies of troops and detachments. The surprise of an army consists in this, that it allows another army to approach unawares until so close that it can throw itself with full force upon its antagonist. Such was the caoe at Shiloh when the whole Southern army was in line of battle ready for attack only three miles distant from our own lines or rather incoherent encampments. The result was a sanguinary contest under great disadvantages, dissolution and "panicky" retreat, of a part of our troops who were ignorant of what was expected, and were not advised as to what they had to do.

They were momentarily paralyzed. But then came the change the arrival of new troops on the same evening and next day. Thi3 also changed the morale of the badly scared forces and led them to victory. Thus troops will break or fight, according to the bad or good circumstances. There were many instances of surprises during the war, such as the attack on Casey's divi sion and the attack ot Jackson on the right wing of the Army of the Potomac during lhe seven days' fighting in the Peninsula; the attack on Pope's right wing by Long-streets corps in the second battle of Bull Run, and the attack on the Fifteenth Corps in the battle of Atlanta where General McPherson fell.

Another cause which has sometimes changed the serried ranks of brave men into panic-stricken flocks is that of mistaking hostile troops for our own. As, for instance, in the battle of Corinth, when a Southern brigade consisting of the Second Texas and Nineteenth and Twenty-first Alabama, under the personal direction of General Hardee, moved forward with a careful warning that Breckinridge was in their front engaging the enemy. "But this," said Colonel Moore, of tlfe Second Texas, "was a mistake, because when the brigade was advancing the right was received by a most murderous fire. So sudden was the shock that the whole line gave way in utter confusion. The regiment became so scattered and mixed that all efforts to reform them became fruitless.

There were many reverses during the late war, and many mistakes even blunders but in most cases they were not owing to the rank and file. In regard to individual character, i. e. manhood and bravery, and in regard to av erage intelligence there was no better in the world than the Ameri can. Considering his poor preparation and lack of experience, especially during the first period of the war, we might say that he has done wonder fully well.

He always did well provi ded ho knew for what purpose, against whom and under whose command he was fighting. General Franz Sigel, in N. Y. Mail and Express. And He Still Has Hope.

I have been shipwrecked, been baked in a railroad accident and fired out of a foundry window by a boiler ex plosion. I was shot in the neck at Gettysburg, suffered starvation in Lib-by prison, fell overboard from a trans port off Charleston, and left four of my fingers in the mouth of a shark. I had my right arm broken in two places in a New York riot, and stood oa a barrel with a halter round my neck in a Southern town at the outbreak of the great rebellion from sunrise to sunset I was buried under the ruins of a build ing in Saa Francisco during an earthquake and dug out after fifty hours imprisonment I have been shot at three times, twice by lunatics and once by a highwayman. I was buried two days by a gas explosion in a mine, and narrowly escaped lynching last year in Arizona, through mistaken identity. And though I am over fifty, and have nearly lost the use of my right leg, have just had, as I understand, all my property, on which there was no insurance, destroyed by fire in a AYestern town; and the doctor in New York to whom I went last week for an examination assures me that I will soon be ridden from rheumatism; nevertheless," he added cheerfully, "while I undoubtedly have met some obstacles in the past, I still refuse to believe that luck is against me." Daylight Land.

How Sheridan Saved a Cadet A recent graduate of gives a pleasant account West Point of his last That illus- sight of General Sheridan. trious soldier was making the inspection rounds of the military academy with the commandant Sheridan lingered awhile in the quarters of my informant whose father was the General's friend of long standing. Before leaving, "Little Phil" stepped to the open fireplace, and, bending, looked up the chimney, making a thrust with his sword worthy of a professional sweep. Rattletybang, crash, came a whole assortment of bottles, flasks and cigar boxes. The cadet said he stood aghast with the death sweat on him.

General Sheridan froze him with a stern glance, and then, turning to the inspector, said: "Do not report this case; I have taken an unfair advantage of I well remember the old hiding-place of my own cadetship." Chicago America. RANDOM SHOTS. The new ritual of th- G. A. R.

is now used by its officers. The W. R. C. cf Ohio are giving red, white and blue suppers.

It is proposed to take a complete census of Union veterans in 1890. The First York Cavalry, captured previous to 1S64, 3,000 prisoners. The first regiment in the State of New York to offer its services to the Government in 1861 was the By a hundred paths of pain and glee. Till I guess the truth at last, and know That yesterday Is the Long Ago. Menard E.

Burton, in Harper's Weekly. INSTRUMENTS OF DEATH. Varied Methods of Taking Human Lifa Past and Present. Exeoutlons by Means of Electricity the Most Humane of Mnny Curious Inventions Somo of the Inhuman Tor-turcs of Past Age. The employment of the electric current for inflicting the death penalty upon condemned murderers marks another step of progress In the refinement of the methods of capital punishment.

And yet, if twenty condemned criminals, were nskod to-day what mode of death they would prefer, it is not too much to say that all would vote In favor of tho past system of hanging, because the dread of death by electricity, which is so mysterious in its work. Is terrible in anticipation and it is in anticipation of death that the punishment of criminals is mystoriously emphasized. Death by electricity will probably prove entirely painless. Thus the condemned felon of to-day finds a far less terrible revenge awaiting him at the hands of tho law than did the criminal tf past generations. The story of the tortures undergone by convicted men in olden times is almost revolting to contemplate, and yet the barbaric ingenuity displayed by the official tormentors is interesting in view of the recent change in the method of inflicting the death penalty.

For the most inhuman and cruel deaths we have to go to-day to Central Asia, where tho victim is bnried in the earth up to his shoulders and there left miserably to die. Still more barbaric in cruelty were the executions of the past, done in the torture-rooms of the prisons, where judges sought to press avowals by tho most inhuman means. One of the best known of the mediaeval methods of execution, perhaps is the so-called Iron Virgin, a model of which may still be seen in the great museum of Nuremberg. Ther were many forms of this dreadful in vention. Oni was a figure of the Vir gin which clasped its victims in arms furnished with poignards and then opening them dropped the body down a trap on a sort of cradle of swords, arranged so as to cut it to pieces, a running stream below clearing all traces of it away.

The model now preserved in Nurem berg represents a Nuremberg maiden of the sixteeeth century in the long mantel generally worn. The front of the figure is provided with opening doors, and then it is seen that the in Bide of the infernal thing is provided with sharp iron spikes, which, when the victim was placed within, pierced every portion of the wretch's body. HM i ino macnino is saia to nave been in troduced into Nuremberg in 1533 and believed to have originated in Spain, and to have been transplanted into Germany during the reign of Charles who was monarch of both countries. Verestchagln, the Russian artist, has three striking pictures of ancient and modern methods of executions. These are the shooting of mutineers in India by the British from the mouth of the cannon, the hanging of Nihilists in Russia and crucifixion amonr the Jews, In regard to the latter, it may be noted that the crucifixion applied to Christ was one of the similar modes of putting to aeatn by the Komans.

There were crucifixions in all possible imasrininffs. In some cases the victim was suspended head downward, and in others the cross was made in the shape of the letter and on this the wretches were stretched out till death released them from their agony. The Romans displayed, indeed. surprising degree of inventive genius in their machines for the infliction of torture, though the rope, the lever, the crank nnd the pulley were the great motors in all cases. One of their refinements of cruelty was to fasten the victim firmly by his hands to the ground, and thon, by means of a wind lass worked by long arms and strong men, pull the wretch's limbs out of joint by attaching a rope to his feet and lengthening him out gradually till something gave way.

Another method, for political criminals was to hurl them from the Tarpeiean Rock. But even in their methods the old Saxons could give them a pointer in wholesale butchery. One of tho favorite methods of our dear old barbaric forefathers in disposing of their prisoners of war was to sacrifice them to their gods in the Wicker Image, which is described as "a statue or image of a man in a vast proportion, whose limbs consisted of twigs weaved together in tho nature of basket-ware; these were filled with live men and after that sot on fire, and so the poor creatures were destroyed in ye smoak and flames." Tho cruelties of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were terrible, and in the torture chambers the instruments used were surely the devices of hell. The torture instruments in the Tower of London form a loathsome collection. There is the trough in which tho victim was wracked to confession, the iron necklace, the "Scavenger's daughter," which consisted of irons for the neck, hands and feet, thumb 6crews, an axe and hook for the tearing away of flesh; then tho executioner's block and hatchet and mask in use at tho final ceremonies.

In forty years, from 1620 to 1666, the judges of the city of Leipsic condemned at least twenty thousand people to torture and death. A refinement of cruelty.