Iron from London, Greater London, England • Page 12

70 recovered if necessary, bat it is evident that a very alight advance on present prices, or even the economies ana improvements effected by the anion alone, would suffice to enable the proposed company to make very substantial profits. Other advantages are, of course, the ability of baying raw material cheaper in view of the large consumption of the combination, and the increased efficiency which will result at each of the works from the united practical management. It is difficult to famish separate particulars of the imports and exports of glass bottles to and from the United Kingdom, but the following figures from the Board of Trade Returns will give an idea of the importance of the gloss trade I EON. JANUABY 24,1890, 1887. 1888.

1889. 453,094 239,502 1,002,667 Imports of Glass. Window and Gorman sheet, including shades and cylinders 497,313 499,946 Plate, silvered or not 159,481 200,975 Manufactures, unenumerated 1,022,112 1,206,404 In the case of the imports the value of the bottles imported is not separated from other articles, but it may safely be assumed that a large proportion of the item of unenumerated manufactures consists of bottles. The Board of Ttade Returns furnish the following figures of the exports from the United Kingdom Exports of Glass. 1887 1888 im Plate, rough or silvered glass Flint, of all kinds, and manufactures thereof Bottles and manufactures of green or common glass Othor manufactures, unenumerated 202,680 1888.

Value. 260,867 243,091 230,689 283,674 274.940 390,585 181,075 406,168 159,634 464,228 104,653 These figures show that the export of bottles is increasing, and there can hardly be a doubt that the present combination will enable these figures to be very greatly improved in a short time. In addition to this import and export trade, we have of course to consider also the large home consumption already referred to. Reflection will show that there is hardly an industry in this country that offers greater facilities and advantages for such a combination as the present. It deals with an article which, though rather connected with life's luxuries, is yet in itself a necessary of life.

It offers excellent promise of future expansion, and is yet practically a close trade, being even now in the hands of comparatively few firms. As bearing on this matter commercially, and as indicating the bona fides of the combination, we may in conclusion refer to a circular which has been issued to glass bottle manufacturers and members of allied trades throughout the country, a copy of which is before us. It is signed by eight manufacturers in the north district of England and Scotland, and states that Manufacturers representing in numbers and productive capacity of their works a large majority of the entire glass bottle trade of the United Kingdom are about to amalgamate for the purpose of being formed into a limited company; and this being an industry whioh offers exceptional facilities for effective co-operation there is every reason to expect that the undertaking will prove highly remunerative." The provisional directors who sign the circular state that they do not rely for the financiarsucceas of the undertaking on the power the amalgamation will necessarily place in their hands, but rather on the economies which they will be able to effect in the buying of raw materials, in new and improved methods of manufacture, and in increased efficiency of management, They point, as an important feature of the new undertaking, to the application to the manufacture of glass bottles of machinery which will produce bottles at three times the speed, and half the coat of labour, at whioh they can be produced by hand. The share capital of the company is to be £1,400,000, in 1C0.OO0 ordinary shares of £10 each (of which it is intended to issue £750,000 at present), and 40,000 7 per cent, cumulative preference shares of £10 eaoh. Subscription will also be invited for £360,000 first mortgage debenture stock in amounts of £100 each, whioh wOl be secured on the entire property of the company, and bear interest at the rate of £5 per cent, per annum.

About £430,000 of the share and debenture capital has, it is stated, already been agreed to be taken by the manufacturers themselves. The provisional directors who will represent the trade, and who sign the circular, are Bagley (Messrs. Bagley Kno'tingley, Yorkshire); W. Brefflt (Messrs. E.

Breffit, Castleford); J. J. Candlish (Messrs. R. Candlish Son, Durham); Barron Kilner (Messrs.

John Kilner Son, Wakefield); E. Lvon (Messrs. Lyon Brothers, Limited, Lancashire); Dan Rylands (Messrs. Dan Rylands, Limited, Barnsley); Thomas Turner (Messrs. Thomas Turner Dewsbury) and Thomas Wood, Portobello.

the output is rated. The object of the single magnet fig. 1 pressed into 18 inches and tied. The special feature type of machine is to attain sound mechanical con- or these presses is that they are worked by one double- struction, and good electrical efficiency combined with steel screw, which operates upon a right and of this machine are low, with perfect freedom THE STATTER DYNAMO. OK page 68 we illustrate two forms of dynamos made by Messrs.

J. G. Statter of Alliance Engineering Works, West Drayton. Fig. 1 is a single-magnet compound-wound 60-volt maohme, giving a current of 75 amperes at 1,300 revolutions.

The field magnet and pole pieces are made of specially soft cast iron. The armature is constructed of Swedish charcoal iron, and is of the oylinder type. It is carried by a gun metal spider provided with projections or horns, by means of which the winding is driven directly. The spindle is of mild steel, and runs in journals of phosphor bronze four diameters plus inch at the pulley end, and four diameters minus inch at the commutator end. The machine is provided with visible drop lubricators, and the bases or the beaiings are made in the form of tanks, ic whioh the waste oil collecta, and can be drawn off.

The machine is massive, and the moving parte are carefully balanced, so that it is stated it can pe ran safely at much higher speeds than those at whioh left hand screw box, causing them to traverse in opposite directions, passing each other at the centre of the screw. To these screw boxes are attached the pressure levers, and as they traverse the screw the pressure is brought to bear upon each end of the table at one and the same time, without the use of two screws. The advantages of the one screw are, that the strain upon the screw is minimised by reason of the two screw boxes which tra verse it bringing pressure to bear upon it from two opposite directions, and upon two different points at one time- The power, which is applied by means of the hand wheel, is transmitted direct, consequently the mechanism is very simple, produces less friction, and reduces the power required. The presses are geared so as to admit of two speeds, which are alterable at any moment by means of a clutch gear. The truss when pressed cau readily be lowered to any position convenient for removing.

When in work the screw and underwork The proportions of the'bear" 1 are entirely boxed off, and are thus kept free from hay xne I aD other impediments. Figs. 3 and4 of our engravings show the baler, which is similar in mechanical construction to the press, but is provided with loose shutters for baling loose hay. These shutters can be removed when the machine is required for pressing trussed hay. Thus the press is equally well adapted for trussing or baling.

Fig. 3 showB the baler boxed up with the top open for receiving loose hay, while fig. 4 Bhows the bale pressed and ready for removing. The moderate cost. The centres so that, although small, it runs from vibration.

For larger machines running at lower'speeds, and having a much greater mass, Messrs. Statter ouild their field magnets, as shown in fig. 2. These field magnets have cores of soft, well annealed wrought iron, usually square bars bolted side by side, while the yoke (in the bed plate) is of cast iron. The armatures of these machines are of the drum type, and are constructed of very thin discs of Swedish charcoal iron carefully insulated from each other by incombustible material.

By a special device, moreover, these armatures are ventilated and a current of air is expelled behind the commutator. In their working they are extremely cool, and are sparkless at the commutator. Large machines weighing 3 tons and running at the very low speed of 240 revolutions per minute have been constructed, and are giving the highest satisfaction. The proportions of the bearings and spindles are similar to those of the single magnet type machine. Tho commutators of all classes of machines are made of cast copper.

The bars are insulated from one another by mica, and the end insulating rings of the commutator are also made entirely of mica formed in dies and pressed into shape at a high temperature. A very high clamping pressure is attained by the employment of wrought iron screwed rings, wrought iron being used in place of gun metal since the pressure ultimately attained would, in some cases, strip I machine is well worthy the notice of those engaged in the threads of gun'metal rings. These are screwed up whilst the commutator brush is heated, and on the cooling of the latter a very heavy pressure is brought to bear upon the commutator bars. operations requiring a powerful and efficient press. SHIP PLATE ROLLS.

AMONG the mcst recent machines brought out in the United States in connection with shipbuilding is the set of plate tolls illustrated on page 69. This machine was built by the Niles Tool Works, Hamilton, Ohio, for the Norfolk Navy Yard, and is designed bending plates inches thick, and up to 16 feet long. It consists essentially of four heavy rolls of wrought-iron supported in a massive frame, and driven by a pair of reversing engines; the whole resting upon' a heavy plate, and thus being entirely self-contained. The centre rolls are placed one above the other, and are driven. The two outer rolls are placed on either side of the centre rolls, and can be set to give the desired curvature to the sheet.

A separate pair of smaller engines is provided for handling these rolls in making the adjustments. They are raised and lowered by means of heavy worm gearing, both the outer rolls being moved in unison by means of the system of gearing shown. The machine is calculated to perform the heaviest duty, and accordingly has great power and strength, weighing, complete, 100 tons. The same company nave furnished a number of tools of various kinds to the navy department, and now have a contract on hand for a set of bending rolls similar to those illustrated, which it is thought will be the most massive machine of its kind ever built. It is to bend plates 22 feet long, and will have centre rolls 32 inches in diameter, weighing 35 tons each.

The entire machine will weigh over 200 tons. A recent extensive enlargement of the Niles Tool Works enables them to handle such work with great facility. THE "MONITOR" THRESHER. ON page 72 we illustrate the new "Monitor" horse power threshing machine exhibited by Mr. Thomas Corbett, of Shrewsbury, at the last Smithtield Show Fig.

1 of our engravings shows the machine in opera tion, while at fig. 2 are seen the details of its construction. It has been introduced for the purpose of enabling small farmers to thresh their own produce in quantities, and at times which may be convenient to them. The two side castings forming the framewonc of the machine are of angular design, upon which the bear ings carrying the drum and intermediate cog-wheel shafts are bolted. The driving gear of the machine is of improved construction, and is calculated so as to produce the required speed at a small ex penditure of power.

Tne beaters in the drum are of 'malleable steel and of new design, whereby the threshing is facilitated and perfect work accomplished The bed of the machine is of wrought iron, and is fitted with adjustable screwed stays, whereby it is easily adjusted for the various kinds of produce to be threshed, r- A large platform is applied at tne back and upper part on each side, and the various sizes of small coal of the machine, giving the feeder full control over the drop through between the chains and bars into waggons placed below, the smallest size passing through in the first length and the larger sizes in the succeeding A NEW COAL By Mr. GREEN WELL M.I AMONGST the duties of the manager of a colliery, that of seeing the coal economically and efficiently screened is by no means the least important. The rally been adopted now very largely in simple arrangement of fixed sloping bars placed parallel to each other at various distances apart, depending upon the size of coal which it is wished to pass through between the bars. The objection to this system, which otherwise answers very satisfactorily, is that, if the inclination of the is steep so as to allow the coal to pass down to the waggon by force of gravity, there is no time or opportunity for picking out the dirt and dross, and a large amount of this passes into the waggon mixed with the coal; and if the inclination of the bars is not so steep the dirt and dross can be picked out, but the labour in raking down the coal to the waggon is considerable and consequently expensive. During recent years many mechanical contrivances have been adopted at various collieries to economise labour, such as shaking screens and revolving screens, worked by engine power, which, after separating the large coal from the small, deliver the large coal direct into the gons or on to travelling belts variously constructed, which carry the coal past the pickers, men, boys, and sometimes women, who takeout the dirt and dross, and, where necessary, separate the large coal according to its uality.

What passes the pickers is then delivered irect into the waggon or to further shaking or revolving screens for further separation. The slack which passes through the first shaking or revolving screen is also, when not delivered direct into the waggons, often conveyed by means of belts, elevators, or other arrangements to other screens of a similar description, and separated into as many different sizes of fuel. These screens do their work very thoroughly, and the belts, which are sometimes of considerable length, enable the pickers to clean and sort the coal in a very perfect manner but the great objection to the arrangement is the heavy first cost, the high working cost, and the large amount of room required. The writer does not propose to describe these screens more fully, as he has no doubt that most colliery managers are familiar with them. He will now, therefore, proceed at once to describe an arrangement for screening and picking, which has been in use at Lord Vernon's Poynton collieries for about two years, and which has answered remarkably well.

This arrangement consists of a series of parallel short-linked endless chains, driven by engine power, and working between fixed bars of a particular section and of various widths. The coal is tipped on to the screen, and is carried forward by the chains, which travel at a slow speed, and as it passes forward the dirt and dross are picked out by men, boys, or women stationed at intervals on each side, ana the various sizes of small coal grain to be threshed. The whole is mounted on four small rollers, to facilitate setting, This machine is made in five sizes, varying from 22 inches to 30 inches wide, and can be worked by either horse or steam power, as desired. In the colonies and in outlying districts at home this machine should meet with a ready demand. I seen PORTABLE HAND-POWER TRUSSER.

HAY As stated by us in our notice of the late Smithfield Show, Messrs. Picksley, Sims Bedford Foundry, Leigh, Lancashire, showed a useful portable hand-power hay trussing and baling machine. We now illustrate this press on page 73, where fig. 1 shows the travelling wheels removed, and the press fixed with a fall load ready for pressing. Fig.

2 shows the same load as in lengths, until at the end of the screen the large coal is delivered, free from small and dirt, into the waggons placed ready to receive it. It will at once be seen that the screen may be erected of any length, and with any number of sections, and that, by putting a sufficient number of small guiding pulleys for the chains to run over, the coal may be very accurately sorted into as many different sizes as required. This is the arrangement adopted at Poynton, and is suitable for the particular requirements of the colliery, but this arrangement could be varied very considerably. The cost of erection is comparatively small, and the screen may be fitted up and set to work without much interference with existing arrangements. A large amount of coal can be passed 'Abstract of paper read before the meeting of the chetter Geological Society, January 10, 1880..