The Indianapolis News from Indianapolis, Indiana • Page 12

THE INDIANAPOLIS SATURDAY JANUARY .11, SENTIMENT DEVELOPING IN FAVOR OF MARKING SPOTS 1 i ij i La tjS mi f-n uUuLO 111 Hill EllCii THE GITY'S EARLY HISTORY lU i i.U Placing of a -Tablet in Wall of Hotel to Commemorate Lincoln's Utterances An Indication of the Trend of Publio Sentiment. Parks Sucacsted to Mark Sits of Cabin Built By the Father of Indianapolis and cf Place i Where Old Madison Depot Stood. First Edifies Erected i.i United States Vae Stone and Adobe By lards In Sixteenth Cent: i.zrc la llo Absolute Proof Vas Hero Before Vr.2 Glacial Period of the 3 Earth's History. 1 THAT WERE LANDMARKS FINDS HAVE BEEN REPORTED I -res cf Ethnology Give Result of Sloping Foreheads Do Net indicate Antiquity of Skulls, fJ According to Dr. Hrdlicka.

The Indianapolis News Barm, ii W'yaitl Belldlag. TTASniXCTON. January lb la spite cf frevjussnt reports of th digging up on tit skulls and bones of hu-r. -in L. which bear the marks' of be-i'S very ancient, to the present day no h-iman bonpj have been unearthed ia North America tiiat positively date back the very early types.

such as thosv from th. diluvial deposits of Europe. This is the conclusion reached by Dr. Alee I rr f. ka, of the United Slates National as the result of an exhaustive tv.

ly coud-ioted for the Bureau of Araeri-lua of all the supposedly early or parte skeletons found on continent and now preserved In col-I lions or la museums. A report of these Ju.t been published I u.ieUn of the Bureaa of American n. up Dr. Hrdlicka says: "But if! in is justified, which Is that i -js fir on is i-ontinent no human bones geological antiquity are must not be regarded as to a declaration that there was rran In this country: tt means i it it early man did exist In North x. convincing rroof of the fact vi ndpolnt of physical anthro-I still rxreaina to be troduced," Fcurteen Recognized On this continent, since men begun to the subject, there have been tin- irthej or.l fourteen skeletons or parts i the early of which bas iv- scientiflo sanction.

They axe: .9 New Orleans bones, discovered -In the Quebec skeleton of about the i time; the Natchez pelvic bone un- irthf In the Lake Monroe (Fla.) hones, liZ2 or the Soda Creek (Colo.) IS the Charleston (S. re- 1: a cf a little later; the- Calaveras skull. ISCfi; the Rock Bluff (III.) '1 the same year; the Penyon (Max.) I'M; th Trenton skulls. 1S79-: tt wjtern Florida skull and bones. Trenton femur, ls9; the skeleton, 1L-o2, and the 1op man" of last year and i.

before. Of these, a number f-reat attention at the tiro of soovi-ry, und the discussion over s.iveras skull particularly, grew i i that the disastrous results upon the Stanislaus" irrar i.icai.y recorded In verse by I i -h i ich vt "finds" bas been exam- .1 by It. Hrdlicka. The first, the New i nninon, was struck In digging i is In what was then the rk of the city of New Orleans. It i f'-et br-iow the S'lrface be- roots of a tree.

I y.ir was th extravagant i I. a Bff, but apparently the i-i re not oiJ enough to have be- i l. i pkcleton. It was said, was cjt cf the eoiid schirt rock on t.he citadel stands," but no trace cf xx row found. The rock from it was raid to have been taken r.riid known to be long before l.ve at ail.

Cone Stained by Soil. TTe JCatchex peH-lc bone, black from ag, although found with bones r' the eitinct mastodon jind other anl-i ala, wsa unearthed In ravine at the. ot of a cliff. The bone, probably stained the peaty soil, may well have, fallen i.wn from above and become mixed with t.srly animal remains. Ti Lake Monroe (Fla.) bones, con- 7 of "Jawe with perfect teeth and irs of a foot," were discovered by C'jt F.

de Pourtales In a bluff on the of Tike Monroe. Althoutrh exam--t I i I'ripfessor Akbi, i Information i 1 nicarnr, and their foe-i rnenns little In Florida, they i nt te Rci-cptcd as rronfs of tlie I iH-e o( early nun In North America. i i ion It alo lacking as to the (Culo.l skeleton unearthed i g'-ll joiners twenty-two f-et down In rav end bouljors of frioda bar. It not was apparently a l- rn burirjl. l.iK'VAixe trri Charleston (S.

bones, vp with mastodon remains i I UolniM, invertlgatlnic for i I i J- Acmiomy of Sciences, lot ir wcijrht as evidence of Little it known about them -v 1 no record of a chemical or esamination of thein Is left. Th Calaveras Skull. The Calaveras skull, on the -l-r l.an.I, now la the Feabody Museum r-t ir.irvard, 1 one of the most examined skulls unearthed. It was by te mine operator In 1W5 In a rhift he had dug 120 feet below the rfice. It Is In a fossilized condition.

en exhautive study, Pr. Hrdlicka 5 cf the that It bears very close nil to skulls in the Cnited National Museum, taken from in same county, to which no be ttachl. Lock LlufT. now In "-1 ri(i Miiwum. antl'Tuity of which were i on th lunir sloplne; ve.opd tape.

is fmi.nr To more or less an t.iuU In the same col- 2:. i -'n rf TVnyon was up In r' Mslco. The skeleton 1 lii 1 but not far 1 fraements of Altec 1 ro ti of ruoleru j-iants. It vi-rv ancient. I unearthed near r-, s.

of which are now in 'the if! li irvnr.l. are' believed by i evi Srioo thnt man waj Tf i f'tt'cri cam. Aithcuith i- ma be positively id-n-1 two skulls -sire tr ret that tiiey have i 'i -v n'e of a type foretsrn vi 1 hea.ls, and oniy t': i j.is' was I r. I rl-i i i a-- then wHh'any- of cf northwestern erl and on ie linally f- ii-'-i that he con-1 r- av, iro.al.ly remains of i a i Corcluslve. 1 Trenton or part of 1 si.vrr("l by an In- cf 1 r- -a underneath v.

i i f-i t- a 'tow i th 5-hhx a 1 -f 1 ''-nt evi-lence l.rovcht to l.jn- a 1 3 r-r i tv -t a cr 1 V. KRA of historical sentiment seems to be dawning In India na-polis. For several years this city bas been working bard the business of belnp progressive. Its A eitizens have hustled hard and late for that great American" Joy the almighty The romance of things was set aside ftor Industry and progress. ara still important bisues in the hearts of all people, but there appears, on this cltya boriaon an old friend cetumlng sentiment! Lhirlng the last "few snontha, as never before in the city's life, the people iiava been talking about history, old landmarks, traditions, the dys that used to bew etc The talk of the times indicate that, the citizens of Indianapolis do not wish to overlook the story of the past In creating a stOry of the present and.

future. The Abraham Lincoln Tablet. Indianapolis gave vent to a full flood of sentiment when its school', children. lu school', children. Pineda tablet In the ew Claypoot Hotel, the tates to com- ances of Lin- several mouths sgo, south wall of the new site of the old Bates meroorate the utterances coin on that spot almost forty-seven years ago.

The Commercial Club had excited new Interest in local history by suggesting to the school children of. the city that' they write, -essays giving their opinion as to what one spot in Indianapolis should be marked for the part ft had played In the history of Indiana's capital Es says In excess of 30(1 were received; by the; co remittee selected the question, and the 'great majority of them chose the spot where Lincoln made, his' brief, but memorable, speech to the people from the balcony of the old Bates. House. Maria Stewart's Design Used. Accepting the sua-eestion of the major- ity the Commercial Club agahr' went? to the schools, this -time to ths art Ar.art- menu of the.

Shortridge and- Man- ual Training -t hih schools: -and asked "that pftUss- submit; the liberties of ithls country be signs for a bcronse tablet to" mark the place where Lincoln designs were submitted and the on made by Miss Marie Irvlngton schoolgirl, was accepted. From It Ru- dolph Schwartz who designed the Mor ton statue at the eastern the -State House, made a beautiful brons tablet that has been "viewed with Interest, by The tablet, as designed by Miss Stewart. Is six feet long and three feet wide. It. presents an Interesting profile of Lincoln, in the upper On the right im th.

national on th left" a' lor Ksabln. of the type in whlcn Lincoln Hodrenvllle. Kv. This cabin, which was removed by a patent medicine-com-. pany to New Tork, has been restored to fnrm.r hr the Lincoln Memorial Fsrm a society of patriotic Americans who are admirers of the mar- tyred President.

nmeiA nf TJnmia en Mill Stewart's tablet is the Her. February tU 1861, Abraham Lin- a larpe majority of the 'present Indian of ihi. r.unn nr are attributed to It would not be significant; nal Known western Florida include a number finds." dating ack as fsr ss 1S7L moit of which are now In the National Museum. In makeup, careful examination i lib-t r- cent Indian bones, with not a single, fea ture indicative oi a iooiohiij w. otherwUe substantially different type of humanity.

An expert from th-Lnited States Geological Survey, in going over the ground, found many pieces of modern aliens ana otner Tiuratr, i.mK,.t nn nf a num- noi vrrjr uiticub ber- of Indian mounds in the lJs.Hty brotight to llgnt otner xuumui skulls of similar structure. Tha Nebraska "Loess The most recent, of all these Nebraska "loess unearthed -wlth other skeletons mounds by R- F. Gilder. Frof. E.

Barbour, of the.Uni-verslty of Nebraska, and others, last Is perhaps of greatest present; Interest. It has been discussed In print by some of the leading men of science In the country. The most significant bones lay deep down in the mounns oeiow otners above them. An exhaustive examination of them, however, has led (to the conclusion that irthe present knowledge concerning the specimens la impartially considered, it Is apparent that the theory of a more than recent geological origin of any of them meets with various objections, while on the other hand no Insurmountable obBtacle appears In connection with the aasumption that all are comparatively recent. Kiirrowinz- animals mlitht well have car ried bones through their tunnels to deeper levels; there are.

marks of rua wing; on some of the deep bones, and they are just like bones at htifher levels as far as discoloratlons. consistency and markiiwrs go; some of the deeper bones have been scratched by some sort of knife, similar scratches are on recent bones In th same mounds; skulls of low forehead and pronounced ridKes like one of these occur occasionally among modern Indians; in fact, there is little to support a classification of the bones found In the ancient soil apart from many others found near the surface. In. connection with theae investigations Dr. Hrdlicka has recently completed extensive studies of a lares number of skulls In the collection of the United Mates National Museum.

Amonr other things these studies ave the fact that-no-(Treat rehanoe can be placed upon a low sloping fon-head and prominent rldxes in determining the degree of development or the antiquity of skulls. MUSIC TEACHEH GOES TO AUSTRIA TOWED LOVER Young Woman Hurries to Vienna, After Telling Parents She Intend-, ed Visiting In Terra Haute, fSrcIl to The Indianapolis "News. JASONVILLE. January 1L Mlsa Fannie Garrett, the eighteen-year-old daughter of Mr. and -Mrs.

Silas Garrett, bas gone to Vienna, Austria, where she will wed Mtllsa Thespon. a native of Austria. Thespon came to this country two years sko and boarded at the Garrett home for about a year, leaving in December, 190, for his native land. He fell In love' with Miss Garrett, and th two corresponded after his eparture. Mr.

Garrett, how ever, told Ms daughter he did not wish hT to wrt; to Thespon. and as he saw no more l-ttrs he supposed the corre-(-nilcnr bad ceas-'d. last Tuesday, went to Tt-rr lia to visit frtrnla for a few so she toil her parents. Yesterday father fff a letter from her New lork stating that wms rin iv to Vienna that tn hr arrival there she and Thespon v. 1 be married.

bn teaching music two or tnre years. I. hrr jiarent. I ll about i that she vt Irxrke'l in hr trunk, but the money is i Mr. ft has sent a message tt i.is Vienna asking her to r.

rn H' 1 'Jj 's'J, JTr ml-x ft I i. Xff I V'' I'l' v-' i JP.WAKN'T- OJT yMrtWJ-W' DEPOT coin, on his way to Washington to. as sums the presidency. an address. said: "1 PP1 to you to constantly bear hi mind that not with politicians, not with Presidents, not with officeseekers.

j.but with you is the quesUon: Shall the Union preserved to tue latest generauonsr; The tablet was unveiled on Lincoln birthday a year Governor Kanly was the principal speaker. and delivered a stirring A great throng, hun dreds of whom -were school children, attended the unveiling, and Indianapolis saw that day the dawning of a new era of' historical sentiment. The newspapers In the last McCormick came here have been with of the used- about the same' time that. George Pogue to-be in-' Indianapolis. The people have settled here, and there is a dispute as to read with interest which came first.

Local history gives Mc-have aroused 'much discussion. The Cormlck credit for -being the real founder pie- seem. to. seek tne stones ior, the sentiment mere is-attacnea to xnem. li.

-w One of th most 'earnest advocates of a public moreit jnz to marK otner nistoncsa spots in Indianapolis is Cott- man. Uubllsher of to 'Indiana Magaslne ot msxory a puoinwion vhtwtv-, and filled with hU tor leal sketches and nonta vl ouin rTwuh uw.i.w. his Mr. Cottman. urges a conUnuanceof the.rnoyement sUrted'by.

Paul.t7;KeIlogg."ln' aa article In. Chart-j ties and th after describing th disaster at, Mine 6 and I of th! Consolidated Coal Company at Monongab, W. Va-i December of last year, when S44 men 'lost their takes up th general toplo of disasters In the West jVlrglnia mining districts He says; West Virginia mines bava a bad nam. We know that they kUl a great number of men in the course of the year. -We-know that th United Mln Workers.

have been pretty rrruch kept-out of the We know that some of th rankest abuses of the padrone system have been perpetrated In these hills. But it isn't necessary to make the mistake -of on New Tork newspaper and take It for granted that wher the greatest disaster befell the. worst conditions were to be found. To help In gauging -of th disaster It Is worth while going over its The Monongah mines are leased from ex-Senator Camden, by-th Fairmont Coal Com-oanv. a constituent Dart of the Consolida tion Coal Company, which is a Baltimore corporation operating perh'ap a hundred mines In three and capitalised-at $20,000,000.

Nos." and 8 mines ara properties which from a production standpoint are splendidly equipped. 8 is a mine. Biggest Tipple In the State. -Its lpple the biggest In' the1 Stare. A giant fan whirred at th mouth' of a separate Th' cutting was don by machines and the cars-were run by is a company town.

lone- hillside when the mines were opened sixteen years ajro. Most of -the houses are company owned. Some: of buJldlnes -are old; colorless and; bare; others are 'distinctly the reverse, -and -there is. an absence of the- tumble-down found in proverbial mining Double housej. four rooms each, rent for- 17 a month on the-east side -of.

town; three- room houses for -On the hillside- opposite new houses. -four rooms, a -river water hydrant-for and a well for every -four, are" going up' at tt-' a month. has board walks and a-yard lOOxlM feet for' a garden. Electric lights are supplied at 20 cents-a month; gas by an at -14 cents a thousand. and coal at JL25 a wagonload.

Law of Liability. In the case of accidents the policy, of the company has. been' considered A man going Into the mines of -West Virginia assumes 'the risks 'attached to the trade." If he ts killed, and the company is proved to have been ntrligent. then it isShable. Otherwise not.

That is the law of it as told roe by the legal adviser-of the operators. In practice, the company has gone beyond the law. It has never put a widow out of a house; If necessary -It has sheltered her family as much as a year; has riven her a chance to make a start at washings, or set her. up in a boarding-house, and required men to patronize -her; or it has grtven her children employment. "I believe the company has dealt fairly and honestly with its men, so far as it is possible to, do." said the Presbyterian minister Of Mononpah, who has been there for seven years.

Of course, all has not been smooth sailing. You can't be landlord, and gas man. and mine boss, and doctor -and a hundred other things to a community without some friction. But for the moat part, the company has acted consecutively in- a- policy that it was root business to ret and hold at Its West Fork-mines-'a ruly. contented and healthy of workers.

Those adjeo-tivea not stand far the high water mark', of robust civilization. They-stand for a type of industrial efficiency, and Imply certain standards of treatment and wholome 'And' for these the Monomrah mine have had reputation throughout the State. The rerwrd of the company, compared with neighboring workings, has been good In preventing accidents. Machinery and Immigration. The exploalon was not a thing by itself.

It involved some of the great problems tn social economics which are now to tli fore Industrial education. immigration, the of corporate Indus MINE DISASTERS IT. the Commercial Club to mark, historical spots. He believes the present generation owes it to the children of the future, for tt will not be-many years before most of these spots will be beyond marking. Progress will pile obstacles in the way.

One of the places that is most frequent-. ly' spoken of as worthy, of sentiment's consideration. Is the 'triangle of ground lying immediately, east of White river between l.the 1 old and new Washington-street bridgea: It was In this triangle that John McCormick. who is called the fath er, of Indianapolis, built his little log cabin and established a -settlement early' pi uw- Miuemeni, nowtrtr, wr in. oucw aim orouit, Junes ana eamuex.

to -to Hiaae av irome nere. rogue, wnose naoua- tion was a mile or so east of the river, was not. a promoter -or a -settlement -as was McCormick. -He cared lltUe for progress. I Convert Trlaole lfl'p1P, TrYOUia Convert Triangle Into Park.

ku nraen neucver in should' taka.oTr.thtrluigIe'nearAUie try ter the- family. and the relation of government to the natural forces that have been loosened by invention. The explosion -was double-barreled, brutal, voluminous, with, about as much science to It as a pop-gun. Tet its very simplicity may have the -effect of setting oft some- things clearly which have become true as Industrial equipment has developed. A mln is no longer a burrow tn the ground where men work with primitive detachable weapons.

It ia a machine, over which 'the individual 'miner has little control. And this was a machine gone wrong, more eheerly destructive than th finest war mechanism. "When mine was running, the great fan at No. sucked the wind up th airway. at the rate of fifty miles an- hour, against which it Js said a man could.

not stand in so small a passage. Electricity drove th mining machines in the chambers, and the clanging coal cars that whizzed up and down the entries. To falling masses -and darkness and gas-(the elemental dangers of all earth caverns) we have- thus added new hybrid forces, naif safeguards half, dangers of the air explosives and wind and' Yet with all the apparatus which, webs the- modern bituminous mine, there is absolutely nothing in the West Virginia statutes that reerulates it or seta any standards of safeguarding. the lives of the mine -workers. Inexperienced Men.

Again, In. the heyday of pick mining a man had to serve a term of apprenticeship before being permitted to assume the HAVE BECOME A SERIOUS. NATIONAL PROBLEM FAMOUS OLD ANTA FE ORCH i a I -x -oi i i i "-f i i I i THE ANCIENT EDIFICE APPEARS TO-DAT. TUBS J1T2 Of r. -ton-street bridge and transform.it Into a parity the; same to be marked by a cabin similar, to -the one" In, which Lincoln and other pioneers "were born.

The -Lincoln cabin type of those of pioneer days.Such a park. Mr. Cottman insists. "would be a great boon to the working people living- In that end of the city. It would also be a marker of historical cabin stood near the 'old mouth of Fall creek, -which.

Is'now far-. theri' north. 1 Fall creek now empties Into' White river near the water-works station 1 and spreads over a' marshy, country, Is vrin "Pail erMlc'cmctlad' Into the river some distance farther south Railroad "Madison" de-than at At Its mouth there1 was pot, a small structure. stood In South a sandbar -created a safe ford for street Delaware and Pennsyl-traveiers and in was natural that the vania streets. A yardmaster's.

shanty and woodsman. McCormick. should settle there-He had an idea that the Western of empire -would 'go that ahd responsibility -of -a many ln-experienced men ar employed who load after machines and who know practically nothing about the dangers within a mine, and, as a consequence, to quote from a report of Chief Inspector Paul, of the West Virginia -Department, of Mines, "ar unable to exercise the care essential to their own safety. Thisis th acknowledged status -of labor and-any safeguard that may decrease the list of fataiitie will have to -operate through those having immediate supervision of the employe." There 'w'era fifty-flv minings machines in the-. State of: West Virginia In 1897.

as against L287 in 66J men. were employed in, connection with them: in 1306. lO.fcafi.. The machine Is a good index of the Influx, of unskilled labor; and-the relation of ignorance and Immigration to accidents is the fact between the years 1301 and 1906.. half of the men killed in the! mines of West Virginia, had been in the mines less than five 'years, and a third of those killed whose term of servic was definitely known, had been- In the mines less than one year.

Instructions in seven languages ar. hung. at. th mouth of the Monongah' But reckleesness and failure to obey direction of -peasant workmen is a current source of complaint In mines. Coming; of.

3' Th jforelgners were "brought into West Virginia In the strike, time of nineties. They could be easier, and Worked for less More than- that, wbuW of- coal In the State has increased about-400 per th early nineties. This as well as th coal TTHM1 7V1 COX MICK It did, for "the National now Washing-ton street, passed his cabin. Another; home Is often mentioned In connection with the history of Zndiana-polls is that of Alexander Kalston, who laidoff -the town that was to become a splendid city. TheOId'.

"Madison" Depot. Commerce has an offering for 'the sentimentalist in history, too.1 Mr. Cottman. who takes pride In beinsr called a history-Chaser," believes that Indianapolis owes a debt of gratitude to the old Madison A Indianapolis railroad, the beginning of a rreat system -of railroads that centered here and aave this city the name of "The a crossing watchman's towernow occupy the place -where, the 'famous old railroad i J. produced in -other States, has' been made possible tat the prevailing rates of wages), only the introduction of this foreign labor and -of mining machinery which Increased the output per man.

In the lijrht of the recent explosions the vital question Is whetner, mere willingness to sell your labor Is to remain the badge that admits to a mine, or whether some positive standard of efficiency shall not be required by even if it raises the labor cost, before a man Is turned loos in ') Not only is there no' equivalent of a miner's license in West Virginia, but there Is no public determination as to the qualification of fir bosses, mine) foremen, or even mine inspectors. The chief of the department, directly responsible for the safety and right working of the mine of the commonwealth, involving millions of dollars snd thousands of men, gets 12 400 a -year, and for violating the provisions of -the mining law is subject to a maximum fine of 1200 or a year's Imprisonment. In some county courts of common pleas appoint examining boards, of three consisting of a mine inspector, a miner and. an operator-or superintendent, to grant, certificates to-mine foremen and fire bosses. No such examinations are provided, for by th West: Virginia laws.

State Supervision. TThe reports of th chief of 'the department of mines affordj frankly 'damaging evidence ss to the effectiveness of mining law enforcement, among the mountains of his VStatei, and of the Influences which have stunted It. In 1904 five inspectors were obliged' to cover the CC9 mines. They made 1,406 visits, but the duties required of 'them wer declared' to 'b a physical The total number of fatalities has risen as follows: Sixty in 1S57; 79 in 1S99; 121 in 1901." to 147 In -1903; 176' In 250 In 1908. In 1906 th- number of inspectors had been increased to seven, bu not un til 1907 to twelve, tlie number desired by the chief It seems clear, then to an outsider, that modern practice in soft coal, operations has radically changed the physical conditions of work, that the individual worker: has little or no control over' these conditions and' that adequate safeguards have not been- thrown.

about them by the mining law of West Virginia. It seems clear that these stupendous cbangsrs in-equip- men have brought on- a continuous In- gress kof green, unskilled laborers, that the act of an Individual worker can throw the whole plant supremely out of gear, and that an adequate scheme of disci-plintvand standards of skill for this force has not been imposed. And It seems clear that the mining properties of the State have multiplied manifold, that they assume' control over these forces and these men. and that an adequate system of supervision of their administration has not been i Complimented by Inspector. How far the managers of the Monongah mines were legally responsible for the particular phenomena that resulted in the explosion is a matter for the law courts.

Their-record for safety precautions was above the State standards; they were complimented in the inspectors reports for their efficient mine bosses. The ethical issue lies not with these operators alone, but' with all those who have been responsible these many yeprs for blocking preventive legislation in est Virginia. A year, ago the chi'-f of the department of mines, -a public official, laid tho blame for that Jointly on the operators and trie labor men, Hov directly that responsibility is related to the Monongah disaster Is shown by the fact that following the great French explosion the department recommended the prohibition of connecting headings between minn. Had there not been such a heaU -f at Monongah. the lives of the miners k.

No. 8 m'ne would have been saved. The proposition was defeated; instead, a oomirnsf-ton of inquirv was appointed whose lnyetlas tions have c-ne too Iste. 1'er! afs f-r r. a-sons of ai.i of in time of eccidort.

were better to have s-icii headings. fi-s rt Vr.ow tins. The-mine of the ftate the jesponsibillty for dod-i- It. has not been many years sine th old "Madison" depot disappeared. The railroad men of the city have frequently discussed the proposition of marking the site where the old depot stood.

The Madison Indianapolis railroad was opened Into' Indianapolis In and was an events that meant the -beginning of a great railroad center. Park Lawn Sujseeted. There has been a suggestion that the city. Join with the Pennsylvania, railroad, which now owns, the old Madison Indianapolis railroad, in creating a little park lawn between the tracks there and that a olniature engine of the same design as the little the engine borrowed' from the Lexington Ohio railroad to pull the first train over the Madison Indianapolis railroad, be mounted there to mark the place where the old "Madison" depot stood. The "Elkhorn" was but a pigmy beside the massive engines of today.

When the Lexington Ohio company loaned the engine to th new road th little locomotive was loaded on a barge at Louisville and shipped by the Ohio river to Madison, where tt was drawn up the Michigan road hHI to North MadJson by oxen. The Madison Indianapolis company has ordered an engine of its own from the Baldwin locomotive-works in Philadelphia and It was shipped via the sea to New Orleans, there to be sent up river on a barge. The engine was lost in a storm at sea and the company had to borrow the "Elkhorn" from Its neighbors. It thus had the honor of being th first locomotive ever run on Indiana soil. -Progress Driving Out Landmarks.

Many changes have been made In the district wnere th old "Madison" depot stood. There arc still a few old buildings at Delaware and South streets that were there in' the old days, but progress is gradually driving the old landmarks out. Something should be placed In that district to commemorate the introduction of the railroad In Indianapolis, the sentlraen- talis ts say. The destruction of the old covered bridge over White river marked the passing of a landmark that had much to' do with the commercial life of Indianapolis and there are' hundreds of old men and Women living in this city to-day who still speak -wttftSregret of its passing. Progress demandedthat it must go, but its part In the i history of the National America' greatest highway, made it important in both local and national Indianapolis has displayed much sentiment in msklng memorable the lives and deeds of great men, but it has done little toward making lasting the memory of the jilaces that have played such an im portant part in the making of the city.

after monument to men have -been unveiled here in the last few years, but the sacred ground of history goes remembered only-in-story. W. M. HERSCltELL. had kept down unions through which the work sense of the men might have found expression; and they had resisted State supervision.

And 84 men were dead. The National Problem. It seems clear, then, that the commonwealth of West Virginia has had a responsibility toward th human element In mining conditions, which It could not delegate to corporations and which It has cot adequately met. Th general putt-lie's Interest is even larger. The West Virginia experience shows that the Leg islature of a mine-controlled State savors- rather much of a convention of theatrical men and steamship agents.

The question of mining accidents, at least to the extent of adequate public information -as to conditions and experiments as to their improvement, is a national one. What has been written as to West Virginia. Is in no sense absolution ss to mining law and enforcement In other States. The Pennsylvania disaster at Naomi, when thirty-six men were killed. December the West Virginia disaster at Monongah, December 6.

when 44 were killed; the Alabama disaster at Yolande, when forty-three-men were killed, and the second Pennsylvania disaster at Jacob's Creek December 19, when 228 were killed, have fiven a terrible emphasis to the Presl-ent's recommendation, that a bureau of mines "be established under the Secretary of th Interior to collect and make Investigations of all matters pertaining to mining and particularly to the accidents and dangers of the industry." The Federal geologists have told more as to the ancient flora that went into the coal beds and the pterodactyls or other friendly beasts that sported in them, than of the life and' death risks of the men who work there to-day. Ar we sure that there would be so many accidents if we saw to It, in some way, that there would be as much profit in an invention that would save life, as there is in a lawn-mower; If subsidized men to work at the problem, as we do those who cross apricots and prunes, or -if we put as much time on it as the Agricultural Department has put on butter testers? SURRENDERED BY BONDSMEN Mrs, Spears 'Joins Co-Defendant -As Prisoner in Jail. Special to The Indianapolis Kews.1 -TERRE HAUTE, January 1L When it became known that Mrs. Mattie Spears was preparing to leave th farm horn of. her husband, near Biley, and go to Indianapolis, her bondsmen, including her husband, caused her arrest and last night she was committed to jail.

Two days ago William Reynolds. Jointly maictea wnn iturus larev and Jklrs. Spears, and accused of contributing to the delinquency of the woman's fourteen-year-old stepdaughter, Maude Spears, was committed to Jaii. At the time the Indictments were returned Larew was a fugitive from Justice, having tried to shoot a deputy sheriff. Sill later he surrendered and i gave bond.

Yesterday he called at the jail to visit a friend and as his bondsmen had served notice of their purpose to withdraw as sureties, he was locked up. Larew was surrendered, because he had broken 'his promise to quit the saloon business. tfOY'S LETTER TRANSLATED His Nephew Explains Wherein -a Mis take was Made. Moy Hee. successor and nephew to Moy Kee, has furnished a better translation of the Important letter he received a few days aga from Moy Kee, now ia Ma native land.

The translation printed In The News, 'he says, la erroneous. in'on careful, hand-made translation, 'he submits, as follows: "Mr. Moy Keo take a vIsltlrR- for CM-s. on the voyage. Oct.

anil fr-nn Nov. arrive Honolulu, it a pleasant Jotirney but very hot -r Lec. 2nd sail for Hors; Kor.iT cm 1 i i ttrrlve. lions' Rone he sen i f-w v. i tell all the friend this of Jn.

It la printed with due t'-e erroneous translation. Mr. He i.s a i-tleman and orTere.l the rc: ort-r a r. but will substantiate the. the correction was made the cigar.

FOUNDATION 'LAID CUT WO WAS VERY One th Scene of a Great f-by Indana Place cf est Itg Venerable Cell President Roosevelt. Staff CorrMpondenoe Indianapolis SANTA FE. N. January 8.T. i clent "Santa church, as it is the oldest houa of worship In t.he States, according to the claim cf Christian Brothers, th Catholic which has charge of th' edifice.

Tr David, who looks after the splritv.sl fare of th-e parish, says that the of the Christian Brothers show tK foundation of th Santa cl.una -laid in li.iL Th next oldest church bull-ling 'i country is the mission -of ttui v. situated near Tucson. In a 1 -Indian settlement. There is a to whether the San Xavier started In L47. ss is assorted by or at a later time.

Coronado, who It to have laid the corner stone of sion building, was in tpoin In i is beiieved by those who have ted the facts bearing on the aut the Santa Fe church Is ten or years older than the San Xavier i building. Walls Three. to Five Feet Tr i. Th construction of the Santa Fa was slow work. The more expert ari.r.

had to be brought all the way from Indiana were forced to perform much the bard manual labor of making a adobe bricks or blocks which were or lnally used in the walls and In carry them to the Jplaces where they were 1 The walls of the building are from --i to five feet thick, and that the sun-. i clay blocks were strong and eervio is attested by the fact that they withstood the ravages of the elements nearly 400 years, and are still in as good condition as when, were placed in position. The churcn has undergone many -provements eince it wan llrst It now has little resemblance to tha or I structure. The adobe outside wuhr. been smoothed over with plaster and wherever evidence of decay shown repai.rs were made.

Tlie enr-. iiC belfry has been remodeled to sucli i extent that appearance Is en: changed from that of the orltinal Ure Bell Is Historic Relic Th old bell, which Is said to have been placed In th church at the time of Its completion, now occupies a position Jus.t inside the door of the churciu The bell of Itself Is a relic that attract, the. attention of all who visit the bi.tnrio place. The bell was cast on Augunt 9, as Is shown by the date molded on it. Th ton of tlie bell is, mellow and musical, and can be heard a great distance.

This rich tone Is said to be due to-the'combl-natlon of gold, silver, copper snd Iron that composes its materfal.V The' honor ef rinetng this "enc-ent bell is accorded to few people by Lrother la-Vld. President Booaevelt Is one of th who. was Invited by llrother ImvII to round the tones of the bell. Th's wu In lli3, when the President vlalted banta The chief executive of the nitilon the rope with a vigor that taubti the bell to give forth a tone that wbs l.itrd far beyond the limits Of the perish. This bell ia said to have done servic In Spain or 2u0 years before It we brought to the ancient pueblo of anta Fe and hung in this church.

In the times when the church edifice was used as a fort to ward off attacks by the Indiana, the bell waa used sound -the alarm to the settlers of the Santa Fe district when the Indians swooped down upon th pueblo. Slaughter of Spaniards. Th Indians strongly resisted th establishment by th Spaniards of a settlement around th ancient Santa church. In order to keep the redaklni subjected a large force of Spanish troops was kept at Santa Fe for many years. In 1680 the Indians made a desperate attack on the Spaniards, killing 4ou soldiers and twenty-one missionaries.

When the church was 'originally built, and for a century or two afterward, the openings In Its walla which are now fitted with windows of glass were covered with woven Indian blankets when the rnln ami snow came. Ordinarily the openings were left free of obstructions and the pure air of the mesa swept through the The bare ground served for a lloor until 1710. when a puncheon floor was put down. Since that date the interior of the. church has been ornamented with a gallery.

The walls of the edifice nre adorned wilth a number -of pair.tines, some of which were the work of old mas ters and are said to be very vaiuut i-. The shrine which is at the f.ir en of the. church is noted for its beauty. The candles are never permitted to cease shedding their mellow light. Many historic incidents are rotinect'-l with this church.

It is under the nitar of th edifice that the bones of I Ysrm.a, a noted Spanish explorer an.l ini.tao' commander, are burled. It waa Do Vars who retook New Mexico from the In ltii'3. Otber men of not of that entiy period, brave missionaries and sjI.j.ei. met their death In end n-r the oil church and their bones also rest r.eat.i lis altar. jf Stone Taken from River Eeri.

i'The Santa Fe river runs close to the church, and it was from the bed of that stream that th stones were hewn for use in supporting th urper structure of adobe. The etpnes are also vs t- form sloping columns on each BlJe of the front of the structure, which serve es r' i the original building. They I'm; been erected in comr arauv. iv years, and serve to v.rv i the -original appearance of ancient mission style is i i. however, and in renernl our.

terlor of the bulluii. The restoration of t'; Is now finished r.nd it 1 more work ill have I eilftr for ye.tr tJ ilea b.j 1 It is it -i rir history, as reitd by i-rot a rtrt.n:.:rf a fid r.e-.r 1. is Litis fcr with the socistlons 't ti. i re IS close to it un i r- tr lit" 1 of 1 said to be o. Mat's.

If sa i by it I'uet'lo l. vn-ri t. fi the j- a churc-i -s me at it tnHrt .1 what Ut-f 1 1 a r' 1 b'. ii i--n. nn 1 rluiti in.

t. rv 1 a r. i Hi.oJ i.o-io.v Cuts erf sri Ic 1 9 i -i i l'l 1 I r.v-: 1 1 1 -t r. 1 1 i.