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delivered. Sunday excepted, 23 cote per week. Daily, delivered, Sunday included, 30 per week. THE TRIBUNE COMPANY. TUESDAY.

JUNE 14. 1870. SPECIAL COMMISSIONER OF THE REV- ENUE. Tbe principal Republican papers of the country have repeatedly expressed' their opinion upon the supposed intention of Congress to make no provision for the continuance of the office of Special Commissioner of the Revenue, now filled by Mr. Wells.

The office expires by limitation with the present fiscal year. The understanding, however, now is, that a majority of both brflpebftg fa Congress favor the continuance of the office, bnfc the President, in deference to Mr. peculiar opinions of his own importance, has intimated ibftt he will not reappoint Hr. Wells. If this be true, then it is greatly to be regretted.

The country owes and acknowledges a debt to Hr. Wells which the country is in no disposition to forget. The close of the war found the affairs of the nation in chaotic confusion. We did not know how much we owed, nor how much we bad spent, nor the amount of revenue wo were receiving, Everything was received and expended in confusion. Daring the war we had increased taxation in every imaginable form, and that taxation had been levied with the most indiscriminate recklessness.

To bring order out of this confusion, this office was created, and Hr. Wells appointed. For the first time in the history of the country there was a competent yrmu entrusted with the obtaining and compilation of statistics bearing upon revenue and taxation. Well has he performed his duty. His first report astonished the country by its able review of the financial situation, and its record of what we had been doing.

The report at once became a text-book for the country. His reports for 1867, and have followed, each becoming, more than its predecessor, a public guide, winning the confidence of the people in the information famished and in the correctness of the judgment. As a public exposition of affairs, and, as a recommendation of what changes were needed, it, took precedence of all other public reports. It overshadowed in the public estimation even the reports of the Secretary of the Treasury. It is, perhaps, to this latter fact that the country may trace the hostility of Mr, Boutwell to the further continuance of the office of Commissioner.

Hr. Wells has won the confidence of the entire people, who accept his irresistible array of facts, and form their judgments upon them. Against conclusions thus formed mere rhetoric and theory are impotent. The abolition of the office and the retirement of Mr. Wells will be regarded as a national loss.

Wells 1 reports are in the hands of the people, and are accepted authority on all the subjects of which they treat. He is understood by the people as a competent and fearlessly independent officer, whose duty is to exhibit all facts pertaining to revenue and taxation as they are, and not as any faction or party may want them to be. The abolilition of the office will be regarded and resented by the people as a blow at them, and not at Mr. Wells. It will justly be regarded as an attempt to deprive them of the information contained in his reports.

They will justly regard it as an attempt to silence popular complaints and remonstrances, by depriving the public of the only independent source of information upon tiie subject of taxation. The people have had the benefit of these reports for four successive years; they have felt that every reduction of taxation and reform in revenue which has taken place has been enforced Congress by the recommendation of Mr. Wells, and they will regard the abolition of the office as a cowardly mode of defeating any further reforms. The following aresomeof the Republican papers which have demanded the continuance of the office, and the retention of Mr. Wells: Springfield (Mass.) Republican, Hartford (Conn.) Courant, Kew York Timet, Albany (K.

7.) Evening Jbumai, the Nation, Detroit, (Mich.) Tribune, St. Louis (Mo.) Democrat, Hew York Evening Pott, Milwaukee (Wis.) Sentinel, Cincinnati (Ohio) Commercial, Cincinnati (Ohio) Gazette. No action of Congress prove more unsatisfactory to the people than the discontinuance of the office of Special Commissioner, and the displacement of Mr. Wells, and no greater mistake be committed than to do what is said to have been proposed by Mr. Boutwell and the President, POINTS OF CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM.

The first notable feature of the proposed Constitution of Illinois, is that winch requires every member of the Legislature, before entering on bis official duties, to make oath that he has not any person to vote for him at the election at which he was chosen, and that he will not accept any money or other valuable thing from any corporation, company, or person, for any official Corruption is a difficult matter to cure, and there may possibly be some back-stair arrangements which this oath will not break np. Sat the man who, after taking such an oath, consentsto accept a bribe will never beal the burn which his bribe will leave on his fingers. We believe this oath, in connection with the increase in the number of members elected to both branches of the Legislature, and the withdrawal of nearly all powers of special legislation will utterly abolish 95 per cent of the corruption heretofore practised at Springfield, and render our State Legislature among the purest and its legislation among the ablest, of any in the country. The enlargement of the Senate from twenty-five members to fifty-one, and of the House of Hepresentatives from seventy-five to one hundred and fifty-three is, in itself, an adequate reason for adopting the new constitution. At present, seventeen members constitute a quorum of the Senate, end, course, nine votes only may pofg law so far as the Senate is concerned, while a smaller number.

may prevent its passage. If the nine votes belong to a party and are controlled by a caucus, five votes control the Senate. Bo small a body as thin fjm scarcely be called a deliberative assembly. It becomes a clique, and corrupt rings become easy, because the number nfnnng whom the plunder is divided is small. Nor does such a body secure an adequate representation either of the ability or integrity of the two political parties, or of local knowledge of the wants of all sections of the State.

In the House of Representatives, the new constitution w3I apportion one member veiy nearly to every 17,500 people, instead of as atpresent, one to about 85,000. Should the minority clause be adopted, as we trust it may, the majority party will secure two members and the minority party one member of tiie Lower House in every Senatorial District in the State. This will bring into the Legislature one Republican member from nearly all the Southern counties of the State, and one Democratic member from the Northern, where our present constitution would make one end of the State all Democratic and the other all Republican. With all our respect for majorities, we have scarcely less respect for a minority partya party that foregoes power in behalf of its convictions, and patiently waits and works the hope and faith that its ideas will some day be adopted by the majority. Everywhere the modifying influence of such a party is wholesome, and the result of the conflict between the two is generally a wiser medium course than either party, left to itself, would have pursued.

It is a good feature of the new constitution tha it forbids the payment of any extra compensation, fee, or allowance, to any public officer or contractor, and obliges the members of tha Legislature to accept a moderate per diem five a fixed sum of fifty -dollars in full, absolutely, for stationery, postage, newspapers, and all incidentals perquisites. This cats off multitudinous sources of petty stealings of the most corrupting kind- How, for instance, eonM ire expect a Governor very severe on petty stealing by the Legis-. lature, -when be knows that, though his constitutional salary was fixed at fifteen hundred dollars a year, not to be his office is really made worth a year by outfits, furnishing bills, and special appropriations. So. with the Judges.

It is a shame and disgrace to the State, that we should have compelled the Judges of all our courts to violate the spirit of the present constitution continualiy, by accepting appropriations for special services over their salaries, as the only alternative of resigning their offices. Whoever votes for the maintenance of old constitution votes for confining the Judges of the Supreme Court of our State to a paltry $1,200 a year, or compelling those whoso special duty it is to defend the purity of the law, to soil their judicial honor by the acceptance of compensation forbidden by the constitution. It is a good thing to cut off and put an end to that petty system of stealing which members of the Legislature have been led into by their privilege of having a certain number of newspapers paid for by the State. This was doubly evil. It placed a small bribe in the hands of a legislator to pay to a newspaper.

Both the legislators and thenevrspapera will be improved by having such potato" inducements put out of their way. All newspapers should be free to criticise members of the Legislature, and plenty of sharp criticism between them will help both the papers and the legislators much more than any backstairs, small favors. The prohibition of special legislation in our now constitution will be worth millions to the people of our State. A special law is not in any proper sense a law at all. For it is of the very essence of all laws that they shall be general.

Special laws are favors, jobs, monopolies, privileges. And, since nothing can be given specially to one without taking it from others, special laws amount to a deprivation or tax of soma kind on all, except those immediately favored by them. They are robbing the many for the benefit of the few, and, with very few exceptions, are injurious. It is a good feature of the new constitution that the Governor's power to appoint and remove from office is made to apply to all officers whose appointment or election is not otherwise provided for. This secures greater unity and responsibility to one known and responsible head.

It has been found to work well in the National Government, and will undoubtedly work well in the State. Heretofore, for instance, the Commissioners of the Penitentiary have been a sort of imperium in imperio so far as their department of the State Government was concerned. The Governor might supervise and advise, but, as he could not remove and reappoint, he had not power enough to be held responsible for efficient management So of other minor State officers. It is well, too, that the veto should bo given some weight by requiring a two-thirds vote to overrule it Our present Governor, like his predecessors, baa frequently expended days and nights, for weeks, in eTnrmniTig the merits of bills, in hearing arguments upon them, and, finally, in explaining to the Legislature his reasons for not approving them. Frequently the investigation thus given by the Governor has been more able, impartial, and valuable than any previous study the subject had received from all.

the members of both houses combined. But all this toil is thrown away. We do not remember a solitary instance where these vetoes in effect, been worth the paper they were written on. The same vote which passed them before the veto, feels bound to pass them over the veto, and doubly, bound, if the bill was passed for corrupt inducements. This revival of the veto power is not the' least of the reforms included iri the new document.

Ctiicaxo, QL A HEEDED A bill has passed the United States Senate, and is now before the House, in relation to fraudulent trade-marks upon foreign watches, which certainly ought to become a law. It provides that, after the Ist of August next, no foreign watches of any kind, or watch movements, be admitted to entry at the Custom Houses of this country without the name or trademark, and the place of manufactory, be distinctly engraved upon such watches or movements. The manufacture of watches has become, in State and in Massachusetts, as everybody knows, a largo business and employing millions of capital. So superior are these watches to those in Europe, the same cost, that the foreign manufacturer finds it difficult to compete with them in fair' and open market, and, consequently, a trade has grown up in a cheap and very inferior article made abroad, which is imported in large quantities, and palmed off upon unsuspecting customers by engraving upon it, after it has passed the Custom House, the trade-mark of one or the other of the American manufacturers, and selling it as on American watch. The fraud is two-fold: the public is cheated out of its money, and the watch company is cheated out of its reputation.

For they cannot make at the same price in England, France, or Switzerland, where watches are made by hand labor, the movements which American ingenuity has brought to great perfection by accurate and delicate machinery, and competition in cheap watches is only possible, therefore, by forging the names and trade-marks of American manufacturers. These manufacturers do not need, and do not ask, that we know of, any protection to their industry, in the shape of high duties on foreign watches. For the superiority of their machinery, and the intelligence of their workmen enable them to defy all foreign competition. So far as the tariff affects them at all it is a direct injury, in compelling them to pay 40 per cent upon imported enamel for dials, and 40 per cent for jewels for their works and diamond dost which is essential in some of their processes. But they do ask, and they ought to have, protection against fraud and forgery with which they now have to contend, through the want of a sufficient law, and which not only takes away from them a legitimate sale of their wares, but is so injurious to their reputation by substituting a spurious for the genuine article.

There could not be a more striking evidence of the absurdity of the whole protective than the origin and growth of such an industry as that of the manufacture of watches in this country, at Elgin and elsewhere, which was started under every possible disadvantage, and in a few years, so completely supplied the demand for a watch, both trustworthy and cheap, that the European manufacturer only hold a place in the market by resorting to forgery. If Congress will not have sufficient consideration for this interest to take off the dnty on the raw material which it uses, it, at least, should protect it from a competition against which skill and ingenuity are alike powerless. Tint WEATHER AND THE CROPS. The most widespread fears have been entertained relative to tixo yield of the cereal crops this year, not only by the farmers, but by that large class of the mercantile community who are directly interested in the price of breadstuffs. An almost unprecedented absence of rain from the whole of the grain-producing portion of the world has stunted the wheat in many sections, so much that it is already beginning to head out on stalks scarcely a foot high.

The inevitable result must be a small yield on the ear and a large portion lost on the ground, owing to the impossibility of gathering and binding so short a straw, unless a modification of tho can bo brought into nee, to cot off the ears near the ground. The other crops will not suffer so much as wheat Com, in particular, promises a splendid yield wherever planted. The yield of wheat, however, in some of the United States promises to be fair, especially since the recent rains, which have been refreshing, without violence. Tho present indications are that the crop will be a good ono all along the borders of the water courses, as, for instance, tho breadth of country back from tho lake shore and tho rivers which intersect the Mississippi, Missouri, Illinois, Ac. The places most threatened with partial failure are those lying in the interior-far from the water beds.

The extreme east and west of tho State of lowa will yield a good crop; it is tho opinion of well-informed people, who have made a careful survey of the situation, that the interior of State will scarcely yield three-fourths of the average. The yield of California will be folly up to that of former years, owing to the greater breadth planted. In Europe the situation threatens to bo a disastrous one for the millions. The drought has been greater than with us, and the crops will also probably suffer from diminished temperature in the more northern regions where the average summer bagt is only just sufficient to mature the grain. The feeling is represented as amounting almost to a panic in large districts but we do not yet know enough to be able to judge how far the facts will warrant the fear.

Yesterday light rain was reported to bo falling in several places on the continent. There is, however, reason to believe that the yield of Europe will be so much diminished as to materially increase the demand on the United States. Last year and this, so for, our available surplus has been somewhat greater than the demand for it, and the result has been the inevitable low prices which always follow great competition between sellers. The indications now are that every bushel the United States has to spare from the crop of .1870, will be gladly taken in Europe, and the necessary consequence will be better prices for the producer, both in the homo and foreign markets, because the homo price is always governed by that obtained for the exported surplus. This, with a reduction in the cost of moving produce to a market, will do much toward reimbursing the fanning community for their losses on the last two crops, though it is neither probable nor desirable that wo should recur to the high prices which were paid for wheat two years ago.

Those figures were as much too high as recent prices have been too low. A medium price Is bet" ter than either extreme, both for producer and consumer. Lithe discussion of tho Bessemer steel tariff, which General Schenck, and D. J. Morrell have succeeded in foisting upon the Internal Tax bill, it should borne in mind that the establishments for the manufacture of steel rails in thin country cannot supply one-twentieth of the demand, and that the effect of the tariff is, therefore, to prevent the use of those rails at all, and to confine American railways to a system which, in comparison with the improved tracks which are coming into use in Europe, may justly be styled barbarous.

Railroad accidents and high freights are the logical consequences of this legislative prohibition of steel rails. When tho people come to the noils next fall let them diligently every member of Congress who voted for that enormity, regardless of his politics or his professions. If they had desired to increase the cost of transportation, and to multiply accidents, and to add to tho number of lives lost, and bones fractured in tbia country, they could not havo promoted these ends more effectively than by voting to impose a duty of 71 per cent on steel rails. Steel rails are now offered in Montreal at $55 per ton, while common iron rails in this country cost $57. The production of steel rails in Europe amounts to 556,000 tons per annum, which is equal to the ing of 5,500 miles of track.

It is safe to say that, if these rails were admitted to tbia country, either free or at a moderate rate of duty, at least 3,000 miles of track would be laid down year between the seaboard and the principal Western cities, which would have the effect of greatly reducing the cost of transporting our products to market, and of adding the difference to tbe prices of grain and meat in the pockets of the producer. This unparalleled boon has been literally robbed from the farmer by D. J. Morrell and his gang, aided by Schenck and his gang. The Canadian papers are engaged in the discussion of the liability of the American Government for the cost to which the Dominion has been put by the several Fenian raids.

That is an old story. The Canadians, if they have any claim, should present It to the British Government The Fenians have -no special hostility to the Canadians, and the latter are the victims of the chronic war between Great Britain and Ireland. If the Fenians were to invade Scotland or the Isle of Man, the cost of repelling them would have to be bome by the British Government, and why'not the same in the case of Canada. The United States Government performed its duty in preventing any armed expedition leaving our soil against Canada. There ita duty ended.

The fact that there are Fenians residing in the United States, has no bearing on the question whatever. There ore Fenians in France, and there are Fenians in England, and Ireland, and the United States are no more responsible for the political sentiments of these people in the one place than they are in the other. The United States performed their whole dnty under the neutrality laws, and all talk of their liability to Canada is nonsense. The people of Canada, however, have a strong case against their home government, and should press it If Groat Britain will not come to an amicable arrangement with its Irish subjects, it should pay tho cost of protecting its colonies from the hostility of the latter. The St.

Panl Press will hare to be classed among tbe revenue reformers, in spite of itself. It protests stoutly against tbe tariff of 71 per cent on steel rails, and insists that the existing dnty of 45 per cent is ample for the protection of Mr. D. J. Morrell and his infant school of Bessemer patentees.

The 8t Paul Press will learn in dne time that all persons who advocate a lower rate of dnty than, tho highest which anybody else advocates, are the enemies of American industry, and are acting under tho influence of The highest offence of Mr. David A. Wells, and tbe most notable evidence of his subserviency to British interests is his concurrence with the St. Paul Press in the belief that the proposed tariff on Bessemer steel is unwise and injurious to tho public interests. We learn that H.

B. Pierson, has resigned his position as Vice President of the Northwestern Hallway Company, to accept a like position in the Pullman Palace Car Company. It is now about one year since Mr. Pierson removed to the city of Chicago, but during that time ho has been connected with important public interests. Wo express a common opinion when wo say that Mr.

Pierson has been singularly fortunate in impressing all with whom he has been brought in contact, with his integrity, intelligence, and manly qualities. Wo are informed that Mr. P. continues os a Director in tho management of the Northwestern Railway. A letter from an intelligent gentleman residing in Clinton County, in -Egypt, says: This county, and every county on and Mississippi Railroad, will cast two-thirds to threefourths of their votes for the new constitution, and for all the separate articles, except, perhaps, the article on counties, against which the'office-holders and Court House politicians are making some opposition.

All our Justices and Constables expect some day to bo Judges, Sheriffs, or Clerks of courts, and like to have their prospective pay limited to fixed salaries. They prefer to take the chances of the pickings and stealings that can be got out of fees and perquisites." Our Copperhead politicians of the old Bourbon sort, who never learn anything, nor profit by past experience, are trying the Caucausian on once more, and are working to array the great unterrified" against the new constitntlon on account of the omission of the word while in the Suffrage article. But they find it an up-hill work to rally the party on a nullification platform. The truth is the masses of the Democrats hereabouts, as well as of the Republicans, want the uew constitution adopted on account of the many useful and excellent provisions it contains, and they know very well that the colored men have secured the right 'of suffrage, independent of the new or old Constitution of Illinois, and that it is sheer folly to oppose it on the grounds set forth by such old fossils as Richardson, of Quincy. They laugh at his Sioux and Cherokee balderdash, while the Republicans despise the brutish prejudices such Copperheads as ho exhibit.

Genera! Anderson, who refused to sign the now constitution, is working hard in Jefferson County against it, and is determined to bare his county vote against it, and may succeed in accomplishing it. Ho Is harping on various strings, but chiefly on the poor and is a worthy disciple of Dick Richardson. He is, or imagines himself, a candidate for Congress from the Eleventh District; but ho has a poor show against Bam Marshall, the present occupant. Bofcro ho gets through with it, bo will wish be had signed tho new constitution and worked for it. Tbo people of the comities through which the Illinois Central runs, will tots pretty generally against the section relating to the Illinois Central tax, as they'want the question left open to be gambled for and log-rolled in the counties down this way will rote solidly for the THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE, TUESDAY, JUNE 14, 1870.

section in order to secure that source of large revenue to the State Treasury forever. TBE NORTHWEST. TUJKOIS. A weS-knows resident of McLean County, Robert Stubblefield, died on Wednesday. Mr.

8. was 77 years old. and bad resided in Grove for nearly forty-five years. Trustees of the State Industrial University have voted to admit female students as soon as suitable buildings can bo provided. The Hon.

J. 0. Hubbard died at Dubuque on tbe 9tb instant, aged 61 years. For several years be was Postmaster at Waterloo, and, in 1857, was elected County Judge for Blackhawk County. His real property was so located at and about Waterloo, that, with tbe location of the Dubuque A Sioux City Railroad on tbe west side of the Cedar River at that point, the value of his possessions would havo been very largely increased.

The people of Blackbawk County, like those of other counties, hadjroted to issue county bonds to aid the road, and they required but tbe signature of Judge Hubbard, and delivery, to secure this favorable location of tbe road. But he did not believe the policy of issuing the bonds good, nor this kind of aid to roads legitimate. Ho therefore refused to sign the bonds and deliver them, though urged to do so by many leading citizens in the county, and also those of Dubuque who were interested in the road. Thus it happened that Blackhawk County escaped a heavy railroad debt. Tbe Oneida Indians, near Green Bay, have organized a braes hand, and purchased twenty-five instruments.

Grant County Herald says that Jacob Oakleaf, once a worthy citizen of Waterloo, was drummed out of town by the women of the place for abusing family. As the authorities would do nothing, the women of Waterloo look the matter in Band on Friday last, and escorted the offender tlirough and out of town with tin drums, pans, horns, and bells. INDIANA. It is thought that Lieutenant Dougherty will be released on bad upon his examination Tipton, in which oven event the widow of the murdered man has said that she would kill Dougherty. ancmOAN.

Tho May product of the Quincy copper mine was 130 tons 960 pounds. latest sensation in Flint is tho discovery that a salt well, sunk by Governor Crapo several years since, and abandoned as a bad speculation, is a first-class mineral well, possessing magnetic properties and enrativo powers to a greater degree than any well yet discovered. The well is 1,445 feet in depth, much deeper than any other well in tho State. MINNESOTA. The Minnesotian thinVft Duluth is destined to become a great pork-packing point.

Three breeding hogs, of the Chester White have arrived in that town, as the nucleus of the prospective trade. Bed Wing Argus tells of a storm which occurred recently on the farm of a Mr. Wilson, in Cherry QroVo, that came with such force as to crowd a sheep, which was feeding on the upland, down a long hill and into a dry which was, in a few moments, a raging torrent, and drowned the sheep. Peter Schonarth, a saloon-keeper in St. Louis, was to have been married on a certain day a few weeks ago, but, the day previous, got into a personal difficulty, had his oyo blackened, and put off the ceremony in consequence.

A few days after, the optio having regained a healthy appearance, the day of marriage was again fixed; but, during the preceding night, Schonarth, while going down stairs, tripped, fell, fractured his skull, and died shortly afterward. William Harries and Joseph R. Huston have been sued for £500,000 penalty due the government for 125,000 gallons of whiskey made in Lockville, and removed and sold in violation of law. THE TEnniTOniES. Boise City, Idaho, has only one unmarried lady.

JkfJS CELEANEO US. The latest hygienic device is the vacuum cure. Maine Shakers are preparing to move to the West, provided they can shake off their England property at a good price. has discovered a largo tarantula in abox of lemons imported from ilcaaiua, Antioch Ledger tells of a mule which kicked a driver clear off a coal wagon the otho day, and then looked complacently around, as if to ask, that for high young lady of Cambridge, for several years leading clerk in the Middlesex Registry of Deed Office, has opened an office in Boston for the purpose of carrying on the business of conveyance of real estate. live tortoises about the streets at sixpence each is a remunerative bosinese in Glasgow.

Hamburg (Germany) authorities deny that all the female prisoners in their jails are Hogged. They say that the punishment is administered only to incorrigible prostitutes, for bard swearing. An unpleasantly odd mistake occurred lately on the North River Anna, when a gontlemad out rowing shot a negro who was fishing on the bank, lie said he mistook the negro for a crane. Doady. of Oregon, bos decided that a marriage celebrated at sea, or within the jurisdiction of another State, between persons leaving that State for the purpose, is a fraudulent evasion of tho laws of Oregon, and, therefore, null and void.

young lawyer at Eatontown, N. J. in tbe midst of a brilliant outburst of eloquence, was interrupted by a shrill voice, which veiled, You lie. Stop! Yon he." Young Legality smoothed bis ruffiod feathers when tbe Sheriff announced that it was only a parrot in a neighboring house. Southern women resident in Kew York have organized a Southern Woman's Bureau.

Its purpose is to aid women ia tbe Soath to enter the professions now almost monopolized by men. Is well pleased with the English servant girls recently imported to that city. Twenty-eight of them have already arrived. Thogirls are Protestant, each one baring a reference from her minister. They are respectful, modest, and superior to most of those to be procured in the ordinary way.

latest European visiting card baa tho upper left baud corner turned down fiat upon the surface of the card, and upon tho corner so turned down tho vignette likeness of the individual. Texas paper tells of a young couple who eloped on horseback, accompanied by the clergyman wbo was to marry them. Tho father gave chasoj and was overtaking the party when tho maiden called out to the clerical friend, von many us as wo The idea took, andbo commenced tho ritual, and just as tho father clutched her bridle rein the clergyman pronounced tho lovers man and wife. The father was so pleased with tho dashing that, as the story goes, he gave them his blessing. man in New York city has just retired from business with a largo fortune.

His occupation was to visit tho different hotels in the city two or three times a week for tho purpose of killing tbo rats, booties, and vermin of all kinds, for which ho was paid so much an hour. Georgia negro drew a knife from his pocket, opened it with his tooth, and stabbed a white man fatally, while tho latter was bolding him with one hand and shooting him with tho other. They had had some difficulty. Boston who received two invoices of the same Pans goods, one for 633 francs and the other for 1,038 francs, took them straightway to the Custom House, handed them to tho Collector and paid the larger amount. strictly Industrial classes of France number about 2,889 in every 10.000 Inhabitants, or 10,919,091 in the whole population.

The number of men engaged In commerce is jjf women, 779,483. Out of a population of rather more than 38,000.000 people, about 19,598,000 are agriculturally inclined, and it is carious that more women than men, by 1,000, are engaged in field labor. Commerce in Paris supports about 215.000 people, and banking societies of various kinds, 127,000. The or who attend to the general business of the numerous lodging houses, number nearly 50,000. Louisville Commercial says that, as a general rule, the colored people of that city are steadily advancing.

Ono year ago there were only 674 of them depositors in the savings bank, bow there aro 1,230 depositors. The richest colored man in the city is worth $30,000 or £60,000, but there aro many who, within a few years, have secured houses and lots thatare now worth several thousand dollars each. The colored people have altogether fourteen churches, whoso membership is estimated at 4,200. They have eighteen or twenty singing societies and ono literary society with a largo membership, while another has just boon started. There are overtwenty secret benevolent societies, most of which have grown out of church fellowship.

is proud of the possession of a youth who can handle euakes, scorpions, and centipedes wilh perfect impunity. lio makes pets and playfellows of the larger kind of rattlesnakes, twisting them around him, and dallying with their forked tongues or twelve rattles. He actually has earned scorpions in his bosom, and wasps and hornets in his sleeves and pockets, wilh receiving bile or sting. In the loneliness of the grove or forest, or in any secluded place infested with snakes, ho can, by a few talismanio words, call around him any number of snakes, whom ho cancbanaintoporfect obedience toallhismandates. can pick them up and lay them down at any given place, and at his bidding they will remain there unta his return after an absence sometimes of hours.

He can tako a rat or a moose and so manipulate it so pat that inexplicable tyrant spell upon it at once becomes a muto suppliant for favor, is quiescent, and may bo tumbled about at pleasure. The young magician avers that tins miraculous power is given him by spirits, whether good or evil ho knows York Independeni says: earliest igneous rocks underlying all tho stratified deposits are granitic in their nature. They have a specific gravity of 2.4, and have about 71 percent of silica. They include-granites, porphyries, and trachytes. They gradually become rarer and rarer from the palaeozoic age, and finally are almost entirely replaced by wbat be called basic igneous rocks, having per cent of silica, and rich lime, magnesia, magancse, and iron.

They have a higher specific gravity, averaging 2,72, and include green-stones, basalts, trap, and angitic lavas. It seems every way probable that in its molten state tho earth was surrounded by a comparatively thin layer of lighter material, which floated on tho top, covered only by and aqueous vapor, as Jupiter is now, out of which tho granitic rocks wore consolidated. After these hadcoolod tho basalts solidified and wore thrown out by volcanic or other convulsions. lower down, probably, exist tho pore metals, as is indicated by the fact that tho veins in which they occur have boon injected at a comparatively late period with the vapor of metallic sulphide. The average specific gravity of tho earth, which is about that cf iron, and the metallic character of so many of tho meteorites which reach our earth, and which seem to bo fragments of some other globe, seem to make this view PERSONAL.

Mrs. Itebecca Haiffing Davis writes some of the editorials of the New York Tribune. Ton Moltko. the great Prussian strategist, is nearly blind. N.

has a colored woman, nameeq Nancy Johnson, aged 114, who sews with the use of and earns her own Worrell started ona burlesque tour in New England, and went to smash in qhuaetta, after losing $3,200 on the trip. if in nmr said, wants to main vp with her husband. squaws, at the reception carried off aa trophies Mrs. Thornton's fan tassel and the beads from her Utah. Henry Hathaway, of South the mother of nine daughters, in floccession, gave birth to a son, last week, in the 52nd year of her age.

life was insured for 825 000. Young, having become tired of the many false reports circulating about him, says that he is aged 60, and has sixteen wives and forty-nine children only. Horace Fairbanks, of St. Johnsbury YL, has nearly completed a library building, a cost of $50,000, and ordered $3,000 worth of valnable books, intending to present the whole to the town for public use. Frederic, cousin and brother-inlaw of the King of Wurtemberg, whoso death is announced, was a eon of Pnnco Paul, the late brother.

He was bom in married, in 1645. his cousin. thaPrincesa Catherine, third daughter of King William I. He has loft a son, Prince William (bom in 1848) who ie now presumptive heir to the throne, Bright has always been exceptionally abstemious and self-denying, yet ho is worn out and obliged to retire from public life beforc he is CO. The Now York World mentions this fact, and then instances Brougham.

Palmerston, and other English statesmen, vigorous at 80, in spite of their being free livers and gallants, and asks, "Can it bo that it possible for men to bo just a trifle too scrupulous in their habits of self-control, and that a certain measure of careless enjoyment of life and the good things ot life is really needed to the full development and just conservation of great human faculties Hopkinson, whose death in the 74th year of his age, at Eordentown, Now Jersey, on Juno 2, has boon announced, was tho second son of tho late Judge Joseph Hoplrineou, of tbo United States District Court for tho Eastern District of Pennsylvania. He studied law and for many years filled the post of Clerk of tho United States District Court under his father. Elam Eldridgo died at his residence in Mystic, June 1, agod 77 years. Captain Eldridgo was a fair typo of tho advonturone Mystic sailor. During tho war of 1812 he was ono of tho loaders in every bold enterprise to rid tho coast of British fleets, and to relievo the bravo Decatur from tho blockade of the Thames.

Throe separate torpedo expeditions were planned, and, as for as possible, executed by Mystic men, of whom Elam Eldridgo was ono. That against the Ramillca was so near a success that.lt scared tho fleet commander nearly out of hia senses, exploding near his ship's bows. The third torpedo was never exploded, kept in Mystic until after the war, tbo British mon-of-war having become too wary. Captain Jeremiah Holmes, whr commanded these expeditions, is perhaps tho only ono of tho brave band who now survives. old familiar story is brought tomiod by the death of Bishop Kemper.

It was in hia family that an incident happened which has been often told. In prose and poetry. Jacob Kemper, the grandfather, with his young family had settled, two years after coming to tho country, on a farm at Bookman, in Dutchess County, N. Y. While living there the little Maria Sophia, about 6 years of ago, was in tbo habit of eating her bowl of rico and milk, after dinner, seated on tho door sill, and used to tell of die schono (the beautiful snake) that came and ate her rico.

Her mother watched to see what tho strange words could mean, and, to her horror, saw a largo rattlesnake, with its head in tho bowl eating with the child, who, when her visitor took more than its share, slapped it on tbo head with her spoon. When tno meal was finished the snake went quietly away. Tho intimacy was too dangerous to bo allowed to continue, and Mr. Kemper killed tho snake. Tho rattle, with cloven or twelve tings, was long preserved in the family.

Duko do Grammont, tho now French Minister for Foreign Affairs, is 51. Ho is nearly as well steeped in diplomacy as Lord Clarendon, having almost all his life boon engaged in it. Tbo Duko is a man of singularly good manners and bearing, and ought to ho, for ho is the nephew of that whilom glass of fashon and mould of form, Lady He married a daughter of tho late Mr. Mackinuon. a lato eminent, though non-speaking, English M.

P. Tbo Duko must not bo confounded with tho Duko of a sort of Parisian Marquis of Hastings, of French jockoy-clnb and demimonde celebrity, who, although ho wont as fast as ho could, was unable to outstrip Pallida Mors, who seized him about two yean ago, causing a sensation in Paris similar to that occasioned by the death of Mr. pupil in Loudon, in 1868 In point of linoago the Do Grammonts rank amongst tho grandest families in France. Wilson died in Albany, N. Juno 9, aged 52 years.

110 was a member of the Legislature in 1852. In 1854 he was tendered a nomination for Congress, but declined it. In 1857 he was appointed Deputy Slate Treasurer. In 1858 he was elected Clerk of the Assembly. In 1801 ho was appointed Deputy Clerk of ifio Court of Anneals, serving for three years.

A large part or his time was devoted to literary pursuits, his principal works being; in Whitehall: A Tale of the Ship-Fever Northmp; or, Twelve Years a (this had an immense circulation, and was dramatized); The Life of Jane McCroa Life of Henrietta Bohinaon. the Veiled and Narrative of Neltou Lee, a Captive Among the Gotchell, of Philadelphia, who, a few nights ago, fired upon a burglar in her bouse, is a niece of the naval hero, Commodore Stephen Decatur, and daughter of Major Levi Twiggs, of tno Marino Corps, who fell at Chepultenec. D. Hoover died at Washington on Sunday, aged 40 years. In 1848 bo was elected Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Jackson Democratic Association of Washington, and conducted, at that point, the Presidential campaign of that year, in 1851, on the occasion of tbo visit of Louis Kossuth to the capital, Mr.

Hoover made the address of welcome, in behalf of the Jackson Association, and also presided at tbo banquet given to tbo Hungarian hero and statesman by the association. In 1852 Mr. Hoover was elected President of the Jackson Association, over General Bobort Armstrong and other equally prominent gentlemen of the Democratic party. Ho was subsequently re-elected over several of the most popular men of the party, who were competitors for the position. Ou the inauguration of President Pierce ho was selected as Marahal-in-Cbief of tbo ceremonies.

Ho received in May, 1853, the appointment of United States Marshal for tne District of Columbia, holding the office till 1853. Subsequently Mr. Buclianan tendered him a foreign mission, which ho declined. In 19C3 ho hocomo (ho editor of tho Express, published at Washington, but delicate health foon forced hia retirement from editorial labors. chops.

ancmoAN. A correspondent at Laurence, Van Duren County, of the Detroit Tribune says Crops in this section aro looking nearly all, except to promise only half crops. A few pieces of wheat have been turned to pasturage within a few days there aro other holds that would bo poor oven for that pose. Com is doing well at present. Our' slight shower started it along very nicely, and there is time enough for it to turn out a good Monroe Monitor says: our correspondents in various portions of tho county we gather that tho late continued dry weather has materially affected almost all the growing crops.

Cora which was planted early the season and got a fair start before tho drouth commenced is looking well, and will he a good crop; that planted lato is not doing so well. Tho wheat crop is looking well, though a good rain about ten days ago would have done much to vastly increase the average yield. In some ports of tho county oats are beyond help from rain, and will prove light crops. Though the wheat will bo rather doheient in straw, yet tho crop will bo of a better quality than has been harvested for many years." Albion letter of tho 10th, to tho Detroit Post, says: is looking quite well on some of tho improved farms near town, and will yield twenty bushels per acre, but it is generally light, and tho opinion of some is that not over half a crop will ho obtained this year. A heavy rain occurred on Wednesday, which has been long needed, and improved tho appearance of grass, wheat, and crops Capac correspondent of tho Port Huron Press says: fall wheat looks hotter than usual for the past few years, and in some localities, where the inclemency of the past winter did not blanch its growth, it looks luxuriant.

Tho spring crops in general, oats, com, and potatoes, appear of healthygrowth." Lawrence correspondent of the Decatur liepublicau says; is very short, and as a common thing very thin on tho ground. Some in much, however and at this date it looks no better than last year. Com looks hotter than wheat, but that is not the best; however, a good ram will bring com all hut it cannot with the Ht. Johns Hepublican says the fine rain of Wednesday night came very acceptable, and will very much revive tho crops. Clinton County, however, has not suffered as much from drought as some other parts of the State.

An Olivo correspondent of tho same paper says: on now ground, and that sowed early on old ground. for tho most part looks well, while that sowed late, in most instances, will hardly pay for harvesting. Oats and com are. quite backward, owing to the spring being so extremely wot that farmers coulu not got them in in The Austin Democrat says; have conversed with fanners from all parts of tbo county daring the past week, and all unite in saying that the prospects for a bountiful harvest were never more promising in this county. Wheal Is looking remarkably fine, while oats, barley, and com are growing rapidly.

Tbo crops were never so far advanced in this county on the Ist of June as they are this KANSAS. The Lawrence Tribune of the 10th says: wheat, oats, and corn are now far enough ahead to predict with certainty the prospects of a fine crop. Winter wheat looks well, a little short, but of good color. The oats crop will bo short in the straw, on account of the dry weather just after the crop was sowed; but its deep green color indicates that it wfllyet come out well. Com never locked better, though we have seen it farther toward at this season of the CANADA.

The Hamilton Times of the 9th says: regret to learn that the reports as to tho progress of the crops, and the prospects of a good yield, are at present anything out encouraging. From careful inquiry we learn fall wheat in Lincoln, South Wentworth, and a part of Brant, promise a much lower average vield than for many years past. Jr. Ancestor township and some part of Barton to such an extent is the fall wheat injured that several farmers have plowed up entire fields of it; and in two, cases that have come to our knowledge tho entire one instance consisting of thirty acres, and in the other forty pastured off and the land cultivated for other crops. In the locality of Grand River, and more especially south of it, a bettor appearance is presented.

Spring wheatj barley, and spring crops generally, aro making-hut slow growth for want of sufficient rain. This is more especially the case with grain on high land, though that on low land is ttle better. Farmers consider that, as a whole: the crops this year will fall very much behind tboee of last unless a very rapid growth of snowera during WASHINITON. The Babcock Investigation. The Aides-de-camp.

Manitoba vs. Ban Lomineo. Whither? JFBOU OCE OWN COBESSTOKnzNT.I Washington, June 10. Tho annexation policy of the administration is attended with a great deal of activity and scandal in the matter of the Dominican Republic, with considerable corruption in the direction of Cuba, and with little or no discretion towards the only point which affords any promise commensurate with its expense, namely, British America. FUBCHASE.

Senator Ferry, of Connecticut, who belongs to that large wing of the Republican party which baa not abdicated its right of private judgment, yesterday presented a memorial of a Mr. Hatch, of Connecticut, Ferry's own State, who has just escaped from one of prisons. This memorial, accompanied with letters and evidence, attests that Mr. Hatch had nearly lost his head, not to speak of bis liberty, for throwing hia influence against General Babcock and the real estate agents of the Dominican Republic. Babcock is ono of the two intimato secretaries and confidantes of tho President, General Porter being hia Siamese twin.

Both are young men, happily married, very fond of each other, and. since tho death of General Rawlins, Grant has taken their advice more implicitly, and sent them upon more confidential errands than any person or persona who have tbo quaint distinction of being popular with him. Neither of those young men are much above 30 both of them belong to the class of what are called discreet young fellows, with the power of silence, of keeping their ears open, and of sympathising with Grant in his business turns and various quidditesof a acriopolitical sort. In short, striking oat tbo qualification of genius, Babcock and Porter are to Grant what young Alexander Hamilton and David Humphreys were to Washington, the euggealera and settere-up of great State schemes and the special champions of hia honor. So far as is known, both of them are young men of integrity.

It was attempted to drag Porter into the Fisk-Corbin Wall street scandal; but few persons believed that he had anything more to do with it than to protect the reputation, and discover tho exact game of the conspirators. Porter belongs to ono of those Eastern Pennsylvania families which have been represented in tho United States Army from the beginning of time. Babcock has a derivation loss phlegmatic, hailing from New England, and uia operations havo boon of a more brilliant and commercial sort. Ho has boon tbo special correspondent and presidential Jenkins' to visit the old city of San Domingo, and do tho haggling with tho bankrupt Baez for the sale of that republic to Uncle Sam. Babcock had some help in his researches from Senator Ccla and other distinguished Pacific coasters, but his exact status could have scarcely been tho same as that of Ills victim, Hatch, who was described by Senator Chandler as American, who went down thcro and got a concession of a salt mine or something of that kind.

Ho is a troublesome, meddlesome, worthless fellow, who, without any diplomatic authority whatever. having no sort of authority, gavo a certificate to a ship of warof tho revolutionists to leave a port in iian Domingo to prey upon tho Government of San Domingo. Ho gavo this, and signed it diplomatically, ho had no more diplomatic authority than any boy who sits yonder as our page." It is worm while to remark hero that Senator intense ambition to extend our protectorate over foreign islands is quite compatible with his disinclination to give protection to any American citizen who happened to be in tho way or his islands. Tho cuargo of Senator Ferry against Babcock is direct, and as follows: Hatch was an American citizen, thrown Into prison oy Baez, and, when demanded by the American Commercial Agent, General Babcock, Commissioner ol tho United States, intervened against the release of the prisoner, upon his own avowed declaration to the American Commercial Agent that If the prisoner was released he, after Ins release, would interfere with and be an obstacle In the way of the project of the annexation of San Domingo, which General Babcock hod then In charge. Owing to Ibis Intervention (said Senator Ferry) of an officer of the Army of the United States there on the spot, having under his control tho Navy of the United States, an Innocent citizen of the United States was for months kept confined in a crowded and unhealthy prison, and finally only released upon the demand made by Admiral Poor to the President of the Dominican Republic, to whom the President of tbeDominican Republic had made the same excuse for the non-release of Hatch, to wit, that Hatch, If released; would operate against the ratification of the treaty of annexation.

So that, upon the statement of tbo Dominican authorities themselves to these officers of our government, this man, for more than six months, without any charge against him. was kept confined In a Dominican prison, lest. If released, De fabouid make known here in Washington objections which existed to the consummation ot the annexation of Sau Domingo. Now, 1 state these tacts, folly and clearly understanding the entire import ot what I If this charge bad any just basis in it, Mr. Sumner did well to say that General Babcock ought to ho cashiered.

Bui you never find the Senate faking up anything a non-political frame of mind, and as soon as Ferry and Sumner had made their declaration against Babcock, it was plain that the llepnbllcan side was immediately divided into two Subservients and tho Independents. Morton. Xliayor, Nyc, and others, at once insisted that case should not go to tbo regular Committee on Foreign Affairs, of which Sumner is Chairman, but to a select committee, and they carried their point. Morton, who never lets up ou Colfax, insisted that bo should not ho excused from appointing this delicate committee, and, in point of fact, there was no just reason why Colfax should nave boon excused, inasmuch as government makes no allowance for intcr-omcial delicacy. Colfax distinguished himself by the skill with which ho made up this committee.

Nyo ho made Chairman, a Senator strong for all annexations; Howard and Williams; also two anexationista ho put in with Kye; Ferry and Schurz, opponents of San Domingo, gave a seasoning to this grave council; Warner, who is probably in accord with tho President, was then addeti to balance Vickers, tho Democrat appended to tho tail. It is a strong committee, and it will cdlymako two reports, one protesting that white is black, and the other that black is white. No more than this could be expected from a special committee of modem Senators, whoso logic begins with a conclusion. Babcock is a email, genial, utoutiah, eemlflorid young officer, and about tho truth or falsity of tho charge against him lean get no valid information. If true, it shows a sadly involved condition of diplomacy that, for the sake of helping tho President to buy an island, a staff officer would go into machinations against a citizen who is already a component part of tho State.

Koasoning from analogy, I should say that tho President look into bis confidence and put on onerous service extremely young and expulsive gentlemen. Anybody who has rood tho hietoiy of administration has observed what untoward State ceremonies were Introduced by his Humphreys and what superfluous ideas of personal sovereignty were set in noddle by Knox and Hamilton. It is one thing to rule without politicians, and another thing to rulo without men of experience. There is all the difference in tho world between taking tho advice of Simon Cameron and Gonenu Babcock, and yet it ia very probable that from different temperaments and education tho advice might ho tbo same in either case, and that precisely what they discovered tho President wished. thing is sure; tho people of the largo do not want San Domingo, even if it could bo had for nothing.

Nobody eees what wo could do with it aa a possession that wo cannot do with it os an independent State. To steal it outright would be, perhaps, Just aa honest as to boy it from President liaez, and just aa cheap besides. Tho theory of outposts docs not seem to strike the average American as a very brilliant theory. Imposts concern ns, at present, quite aa much as outposts. The President seems to retain but one idea out of the many which must have possessed him as a Democrat in former disposition to annex.

Ho is surroundod by a few persons who have put it into his head that if ho will adopt annexation as his general policy, ho can carry the country against the politicians of his own party, against the Democrats, and against tho cautions intellect of tho people. This is his trump card, but to play it on San Domingo is to select the smallest stake on the beam to throw tho biggest upon. He has a few partisans in tho Senate, and some in the House, who will follow him in any proposition bo will make, no matter how absurd; but experience baa thus far shown that he has not a decided majority of his party in cither branch of the Legislature. He has not a largo secret service fund to work with; and bo nas nolja Secretary of State who seems to be capable of quick enthusiasm and of vehement sympathy for new territory. In brief, I think you may wisely sot it down General Babcock has been led deeper than the shallows of imprudence in trying to servo the President, but that ho is tolerably safe under tho shelter of his patron, with a Senate which never looks into any question to hud out its merits, but only to make investigation subservient to some longer political nlot THE BED BITES ZXBBOaZJO.

The United States was probably never in so passive a condition as, at the present time. Tbo mass of the people want no more war, and no more debt, and aro. therefore, exceedingly tame to tho most brilliant overtures for their territorial aggrandisement and influence in foreign parts. The President and many of bis friends, to whom the war has done no injury at least, have not tbo same fears before their eyes; want of a positive position upon more pressing questions, seem not to be unprerjare4.for largo schemes of domination and extension: Had he a Minister of State with the warm fancy and singular energy and, we might say, the Jesuitry or Mr. Seward, it might be possible to wheel Congress and embark upon some of these semi-savage enterprises.

Mr. Fish, however, is an incomprehensible gentleman, auberbly slow, gorgeously phlegmatic and exceedingly apt to yawn and go to sleep, whether the wrongs of Cuba be preached at him or tho weakness of Canada. He seconds in an uncertain way tho youthful territorial Inst of his junto but bo never responds with that earnestness and exultation or spirit which seems to insure success. He is almost entirely without power in Congress the people of the country scarcely know who ho Is; they are not familiar with his features they possess no pictures of him whether truly or falsely they conceive him to be a rich old Dutch burgher, willing to wear honors, but not to grow excited and thus while Hr. Fish rides to and fro in an im- reserve way between his retired residence and ie more retired State Department, the President puts the active duties of the Secretaryship upon hie Porters, Babcocks, and other ardent of whom the country scarcely ever bean, and who are not conceived to be more than devoted and zealous Aldes-d e-Camp.

Ho President himself is not witboet a certain sort of character, quaint and rather popular amongst folks, but be, somehow, managso to disappoint this preconception which men aatwytsin of they meet him face-to-face. He ette behind his long office table with a drawer full of cigars at his right hand, and one cigar petnaDy in his month, and to the visitor he extende his hand in a cold, wooden way, gites him a shake without a pulse in it, listens' to what ho has to say in a half skeptical fashion, and replies in monatyllables, and most generally in a way to indicate his wish that the conference should close as soon as convenient. To a few he unbosoms himself, speaks valuably, shows that he has thoughts, and possibly aspirations, but these few favored persona are the peril ot his rebuke, to convey to the world any notion of what they have hoard or seen. The consequence Is that the President is every day passing out of the public comprehension. Bo is no longer the' aggressive and obstinato General, moving upon the lines, and expressing in his face the vigor and the terror ot youthful Generalship; be is gaining the vague distinction of a President without impressiveness, without the fiowcr to talk or to magnetize, with apparent caning towardapereonal ease; towards strong but silent oplmonatcdness, and withal a disinclination to be plausible or particularly courteous.

It may be his misfortune rather his wish to thus retire within himself and reduce the Chief Magistrate to a mere man of family; but it is certain that no man can hold the affections of the great multitude of his contemporaries unless he possess some of the outward attractions of heroism, warmth of manner, or what is only less a matter of superstition, deep designs, great resolves, or manifest patriotism. Andrew Jackson, with all his frontier training, could make a Prince feol the workings of bis spirit, and he could awo an enemy by his large courtesy. Harnson and Taylor possessed traditional warmoth of affection; Fulmore, with all hia weakness, was handsome and genial: there were some who believed in Johnson throughout from Ids supposed strength of will, and ostensible love of the poorest of the poor; so, too, Tyler was never quite contemptible, for by the vary thunder of his great enemies he was magnified, and he had a powerful Commonwealth behind him. Van Bureu had a delicious suavity, and, when all was lost, he sbowed.the resources a master-politician, fighting at bay. But General Grant, lacking these more manifest accomplishments of his predecessors, most supply their absence with true and responsible positions upon current questions, with views adopted upon sagacious counsel, and he most, at any rate, have the public belief in hia favor, that whatever bo does is based upon the happiness of the country, irrespective of his personal feelings.

This is the time to say that bo has not entirely filled this ultimate measure of expectation. His correspondence with Hancock seemed to indicate a nature sensitive to personal affronts. Ho has ventured into tbo San Domingo matter without conference with those persona who are co-ordinate with him; in several other matters, not necessary to revive, be has appeared to consider opportunities of his omce to be in some sort family endowments; and the administration is a fair way to be no more formidable than a General with a staff bat without any arms, without pioneers, skirmishers, flanks, plan of campaign, or base of operations. While expending the energies of the second year of his term upon some such little matter as one of the islands of the Antilles, the great drama of parallel empire is proceeding to accomplishment America. Sagacious overtures, quick reconnaissances, due but prudent whecdllngs in Nova Scotia, Prince Island and Newfoundland.

might have done much to detach those provinces from the Dominion of Canada. Ido not say this should have been done but it would have been more to the purpose, a larger game, and, to speak in the vulgate, a thing" than treating with the lazy halfreede of Baez or Cabral. At this moment 400 British regulars Canadian soldiers, under an accomplished officer, are proceeding overland to the now Territory of Manitoba. Before Congress shall meet again they will have appeared on the frontiers or Minnesota, and hare added another link to the chain of provinces which they aro stretching toward the Pacific. 'Where ia the American Government In this direction? When Congress called upon Secretary Fish, some time ago, for information about Biel and the mutineers around Fort Garry, all that ho could give them of a tangible sort was derived from Mr.

James W. Taylor, your former correspondent at St. Paul, and from the newspaper clippings of the United States and Canada. It ia a venr singular thing that after so much of expenditure of time and patience upon an island of the Caribbean Sea, the President's government should not only have no policy towards Canada, but no information to speak of. I have no feeling and no particular opinion in writing thus: but it is a sure sign of the times that the President is almost without a party, but with plenty of policy of a retail order.

Gath. THE NEW CONSTITUTION. of (tie From the Macoupin Gazette-. More (him twenty years ago the present constitution of our State was adopted. At that early period in the history of our Commonwealth, this instrument was eminently adapted to the purposes for which it was designed.

A auartcr of a century has worked immense aanges, however, and during tho lifetime of the constitution our State has trebled its wealth aud'population, and has attained portions which could not have been anticipated. Municipal and local machinery has become so intricate and extensive in its operations that the provisions of the present constitution ore to the ends for which such instruments are designed; and, has been weQ stated by a number of gentlemen composing a part of the late convention, State Government has only been kept In motion by continued violation of plain and positive constitutional The evils arising from this condition of affairs may in a measure be readily appreciated by considering tbo immense expenditures of public moneys which have been made from year to year by legislative bodies, unauthorized by any constitutional enactment, but unavoidable under the circumstances. Local offices created under this instrument, which at tho time of its adoption wore well compensated, now yield enormous revenues, which in tho absence of legislation accrue to tbo holders of such offices, to the great injury of the people. As capital has increased and industrial resources have been developed, vast monopolies have grown up to the detriment of tho real interests of the people, in the absence of legislative restrictions. Administrative bodies have almost unlimited power, and, as a sequence, it may bo stated that tho County Courts iu tho State have placed a burden of fifty millions of dollars the tax-payers; Macoupin County alone naving had a fraudulent debt of over one million and a half of dollars thrust upon her.

In short, the evils arising from the insufficient provisions of tho supremo law of the State nave attained enormous proportions; and it is safe to say that there is no community, no individual. no industrial interest, but has been materially injured thereby. Of the truth of this statement no people are more folly conscious than are tho tax-payers of our own county. These abuses find a full and unequivocal remedy In the now constitution; and, notwithstanding the disfavor with which tho work of tho convention was at first viewed, it is extremely doubtful whether, under any circumstances, any body of men could be assembled who would succeed in drafting and agreeing upon an instrument which would better meet our requirements, or more securely guard tho rights of individuals and tbo interests of the community. With tho adoption of the instrument now before tho people will bo swept away a vast train of abases; and in place of a constitution which now possesses no vital force, will bo established a supreme law which, as a protection to tho rights of both individuals and unsurpassed by any State in the Union.

Every citizen who is intent upon on honest and economical administration of evoiy form of public business: who seeks protection from peculation and extortion; who would wish to advance tho interests of tho many rather than the vote for tho adoption of tbo now constitution. From the Danville Commercial. The convention has done a good work in making a now constitution. It an instrument In keeping with the ago and times, and should be adopted by the people, and will bo, we hare no doubt. There are many noble features in it, that makes it worthy of the great State of Illinois.

At one stroke it sweeps away the entire system of local and special laws, and makes it the duty of the Legislature, as far as possible, to make all the statutes general, so that the in many instances, oppression, too, was incident to the old load and special law system, is forever done away. The people now in every portion of the State will bo living under and governed by the same This one feature is enough in itself to insure its adoption. The Bill of Bights is ample. fall, and iu moat concise ana Just language, insuring to the people those great Godgiveni rights which are so dear to enlightened umanity. The homes and property of the people are secured against unreasonable search.

The hearth, around whose holy bounds tbe family gather and cultivate the graces of domestic love, is held to be a place too sacred for the intrusion of the public, unless upon grounds based on reason and right. It is full of good features, which, from rime to time, we shall speak of (ill the day when the people in their sovereign capacity meet to pass upon tbe question of adoption. We say, let the constitution be adopted. lYom the'CarlinvUU Fret Democrat We believe all the Chicago dailies, except the Journal, have approved the section commonly termed the minority scheme, submitted in connection witlfthe new constitution. The New fork Tribune and TFbrZd, and many other prominent organa of both parties throughout the country, have written warmly in its favor, and dta several instances in which the principle has been put into and operated satisfactorily.

The Chicago Journal, Quincy Peona Tranteripi, and a few othsr papers at the north part of the State, are making violent attacks on the section, but are unable to produce any more forcible reason for doubting that it will work weD, than that it has never been tested on so extensive a scale. They profess to believe that it will result in increasing the number of Democrats in tbo Legislature at the expense of the Republicans. The assertion is not susceptible of proof. There is no reason why it should benefit or injure one party more than another. The north part of the State would send fewer Republicans and the south more, not the final result in the least.

the present system this Second Congressional District docs not send a single Democrat to the Legislature, and the Congressional District sends no Bepnblicans. With the adoption of the minority system, the Second would elect about the same number of Democrats that the Tenth did Bepnblicans. In the one case, 8,000 Democrats and 10,000 Be- Eublicana have no Representative at Springeld in the other they have proportionate number. We can perceive no injustice or unfairness to either party in this result. Some paper fears that it will offer a chance for fraud in voting.

There is no more room for it under the usual system. man simply has the privilege of mffwing his three votes upon one or two qj giving one to each of three names, as he chooses. His ticket shows just how be divides bis vote, and does not offer any increased chance for trickery or fraud. We are so well satisfied that the plan pro. posed embodies a correct principle, and is more democratic and equitable than the present one, that we hope to see it adopted.

1 From the Wencna Index, The new constitution is the careful work of some eighty-five men, selected from the best legal talent in the SUte, and we hope the votera in this vktaiifcr will pass ii by, nor lsgrift anas wtthoat aMfeg it a careful penisaL we know bot little, bok the prapoaad is conceded bj those who are postal to be a far superior doenenL It hae cost the State of Ulicoia about $325,000 to frame the sew constitution, and we urge our citizens not to allow amount to become a naeleas expenditure by their non-attendance at the polls. Tbere is one clause to be voted upon separately, to which we take exceptions, and shall use all means in oar power to defeat it. We refer to the clause In relation to the Illinois Central Railroad Company. If the State is desirous of having the railroads pay the necessary expenses to carry on the government, why not include all the lines of railroads Illinois If that was done hardly think the people would favor the clause. We hope the voters all over the State, and thoee hving on the Central Road particularly, wm think the matter over, weigh it carefully the scale of justice, and if found wanting (which wul undoubtedly be the case), throw it overboard.

The Hon. D. C. Wagner, of Carroll County, addresses the following letter to constituents: Constitutional Convention, of which I had the honor to be a member, having closed Its labors, I deem It my privilege, If not my duty, to say 10 my people that, after mature deliberation, 1 hvae no hesitancy la pronouncing the proposed new constitution a goop one. It will be found, of course, to contain some obnoxious, at least objectionable, provisions to many, but such defects, in their connection, will, I apprehend, generally be of an immaterial character.

That its general provisions are eminently in harmony with the true Interests of the people, 1 no earthly doubt. That It will meet with the hearty approbation of the people who study its provisions carefully I have no fears whatever. The only danger lies in careless Inattention or Inexcusable apathy on the part of the masses. I confess, for one, to have been among the number who did nor realize the importance or appreciate the necessity of a change in our present organic law, until 1 had occasion to give the matter some thonght and attention. Just so it wiU bo with every person whose attention has not been called to this subject.

I have no fears of the result if tbe people can be brought to reflect open tbe true situation. will be found that the provisions of the constitution of 1548, under which we ore now nominally living, arc woolly Inadequate to meet the wants of the people of tbe great State with which we are Identified, indeed tbe best evidence of what la here asserted la to be found In a violated constitution, for it is a notorious fact that our present constitution, la very many particulars, has been ignored, and Is far obsolete. It would be mortifying In the extreme to make this acknowledgment, were It for the alia ting circumstances that we have' so far outgrown oar constitution that tbe necessity for disregarding It baa almost become a Justification for the offense. The abuses which have grown ont of an Inadequate and broken constitution, have, I am most happy to say, been foliy provided for, and will, 1 am sure, be promptly met if onr new constitution shall be adopted. The articles to be submitted separately, and out ot which will grow considerable controversy, are, with one or two exceptions, of vital importance.

The railroad and warehouse articles will provoke the tility of at least two very formidable monopolies, and all who are immediately or remotely connected with these monopolies will of course op- Kae tbe adoption of these articles. Wl'h the owlege of these facts before us, It behooves ns to wake up, and discharge, with fidelity, the Important work commuted to our care. It is time we should know whether tbe people are to exercise any control over these aggressive corporations In the future, or whether, as In tbe past, we are to continue the subservient tools of these merciless and unscrupulous monopolies These questions wm be answered either, affirmatively or negatively, on tbe Sd of July next, in my bumble opinion, for weal or far woe, so far as the Interests or the people of this State are concerned. 1 have given this question of monopolies dispassionate and serious thought, and have come to the deliberate conclusion that they most be restricted, restrained and controlled by the people, even ll the order controlling them shall have to be written in blood. If the power heretofore exercised by railroad corporations, transcending, as It has, governmental powers, is to continue unabated, and indcflni tely, then we cannot know that fact too soon, because in that event we shall have bad all tho railroads we want.

If not a few more. D. c. Wxo.sn. Shaknok, May From the New York Tribune.

The Illinois Constitutional Convention baa, after lone deliberation, adopted a modified form of the plan for minority representation -which we printed some time ago, and the question will be submitted to Illinois for approval. If tbe vote of the convention can be taken as an index of tbe popular mind in that State, the proposed plan win receive a very decisive indorsement. The convention stood four to one in favor of it. The original plan brought before that body was thought by many a little too complex for popular comprehension, and indeed the provisions made for the representation of fractional ratios by boaters" did require some mental effort to comprehend; bnt the scheme the merit of perfect simplicity, and goes before the people in an entirely intelligible shape. Tbe experiment is restricted to the election of the House of Representatives, the Senate being chosen as before.

From each Senatorial District three Representatives will be elected, and each qualified voter may distribute his three votes as ho pleases among the vote for each of three man, or three votes for one or one and a half votes for each of two. This system will secure approximate fairness of representation for all parlies. In Northern Illinois, the Republicans, under the present system, secure almost the entire representation, while the Democracy have the same preponderance in Southern Illinois, or Egypt. The minorities will have, under the new system, a fair representation, as in each district where they are in a minority of not leas than one to three they can, by concentration, elect one candidate. Thus representation will be equalized throughout the State.

Tbe majority will still but the minorities in different sections will not, as now, be without a voice in legislation. In addition to the better adjustment of representation, this plan will result in a fairer division of representation among parties, taking the State as a whole, and such anomalies are not likely to occur as recently happened in Connecticut, where tbe total vote of tbe State baa gone Democratic, while the Legislature remains Republican. In the consideration of minority representation, it is pretty evident that the minority In a State will favor its adoption from self-interest, if for no other reason, whSe the fairer-minded of the majority will do the same from regard for justice. It is highly probable, then, that the State of Illinois will adopt by a popular vote what has already passed the Convention, and that other States which the system may be proposed will readily follow her example. TEE HAHEOAD WAS.

Blockade versos Erie From the Sew York Tribune, June 11. The notification from Commodore Vanderbilt of the conclusion of the arrangement by which passengers by the Erie Hoad were carried to Niagara Falls by the Buffalo Niagara Botd, has undoubtedly inaugurated a fresh wax. Hr. Gould that he had foreseen tho movement, and. to defeat its object, had already planned a line between Buffalo and Niagara, the contract for the construction of which in ninety days has been awarded.

Chicago has always been the objective point of the Erie Bo ad, and for some time past, under an arrangement with the Lake Shore Road, Erie freight has been transported by road; three weeks ago, by an election of the Lake Shore, Vanderbilt gained possession of the lino, and immediately repudiated the arrangement with Erie, with the view of ing its connection with Chicago. This also the Erie folks claim to have prophesied, and to hare provided a remedy in the shape of an invention, which, if as successful as present appearances seem to indicate, will cause a great revolution in their favor. It is an improvement on oar axles, by which the car can travel over any gauge of road, and consists of asteel one and a half inches in width, inserted in a lateral groove in the axle five-eighths of an inch deep. This, former inventions intended to work tho same results, does not weaken but strengthens the axle; in this feather notches are cut so that the wheels can be spread apart or moved nearer together. The first car with the invention applied left Jersey City on Saturday, the 28th of May, and arrived at Chicago, bound (or the Pacific Coast, on the Sd of June.

By this invention tho controllers of Erie expect to nm to Chicago and the Northwest over connections with Western lines on friendly terms with Erie. Oar reporter was informed yesterday at the Erie office that freight for cattle on tie Central bad been reduced from to per car. On incpiiry of the freight agent of the Central this was denied, and the assurance was given by the agent that he bad not heard of any railroad war, and that he did not believe there was any. Ho said, farther, that though stock rates on bo me of the Western lines might have broken for a day or two, still it bad not come to his knowledge, and that rates to and from New York on the Central were the same as they bad been for years. Bat freight bills received in this city yesterday show shipments of live stock at the rate of per reduction of from the old charges.

This attack was mot by a similar movement on the part of the Erie line, whose ntMwo yesterday reduced to This, it is affect the Erie profits leas than-tboee dr the Central, for the reason Hr. Gould has devoted much of bis timn lately to the study of the transportation of live stock ux the West to New York, Boston, and Albany markets, and is prepared to offerbetter even at lower rates, than Vanderbilt. Ur. Fisk complains that lor several the Qentral has carried merchandise from Boston to the West at so much lower rates than Erie has from New York New York merchants found it cheaper to send their Western shipments to Boston, and from there westward by tho Boston Albany and Central. It is understood that Baniel Brew is to take a prominent is not yet developedin the pending hostilities.

About a week ago, Ur. Brew, who, since the sodden severance of his connection with the Erie Boad, avoided the Grand Opera House, sauntered into the office, with his cigar in his month, ynd, heedless' of the astonished glances followed from every side, extended his band to saying that Erie was bis first love and thathe bad returned to it. Fisk received him in the most friendly manner, since that time the two gentlemen have been in constant enwmpnirtHmi frequently closeted together. Each side claims to be acting on the defensive, only resisting the incursions of other in its: efforts to obtain the monopoly of the Western traffic. Fisk contends that the breaking op of the arrangement by which the passengers of the Erie passed to Niagara Falls, by virtue of coupon tickets over the Niagara Brandi of the central, will in the end recoil on Vanderbilt's heed end prove really a benefit to the public by causing the construction of the broad gnage Ene Branch to the same point.

A letter received at Hie Erie office, yesterday, from the Chicago freight agent, states that the calling of the combination tickets by the Western agents of the Central creates tho greatest excitement in that city, and that the war is watched by the American people with the greatest interest. The ffcfarlasd iMDiuufOLQ, June a DanielMcFarlandpres anted himself, yesterday, in Martinsville, and filed a. motion for a rehearing of the suit which granted a divorce to his wife. The motion is reduced.to writing, and sete forth the grounds upon which it is made are as follows: X. the defendant had no notice of the application of his wife for a divorce.

2. That (he proof of publication of the pending suit was never filed with the records of the 3. That defendant win be able to show that Mrs. Calhoun, one of the plaintiffs irttn notion, committed perjury. The motion will be argued before Bm court tomorrow.

The iirmrsstion attorneys at Martinsville seems to bsttmtths motion will be granted by the court. COXKIBSJOXXa WELLS, The MmMlaamaessi m. OCIIoe. fVm the Netc York Nation. Mr.

term of office expires at the end of tbe present month, and we are sorry to hear that while a sufficient force of the Republican party is ready to vote for Its renewal, the President, in'deference to Mr. Boutwell, who does not like Mr. probably finding that they embarrass him with "the men inside politics." declares that he will not propose Mr. retention. Hr.

Wells has been for the last five yean the most creditable person, and his reports the one creditable thing in American finance, always excepting tbe unbounded readiness of the people to nay taxes; and his being dropped is aa distinct a step toward barbarism as if Hr. Boatwell were to begin to keep his accounts by notches on a stick. It will leave the country and Congress completely in the hands of the great manufacturers, who, if they icere archangels, are not to bo trusted as guides in financial legislation, because they have an enormous pecuniary interest in making a particular kind of legislation appear to have a particular infinenco on the national industry. The consumers are. therefore, entitled to the services of a disinterested inquirer, and they will never have anybody better than Hr.

Wells. Tbe President seems to be most unfortunately advised on nearly every question connected with revenue, if we may judge from his published utterances about In one of his earliest, ho expressed his reliance on the Western gold mines for the payment of tbe national debt, and more recently hid down the astounding proposition that monev paid by Americans for tbe transportation freight by foreign vessels might aa well bo thrown into the sea- There his hardly been a single reform in the revenue effected within the last five years which Hr. Wells has not been the first fo recommend, and his being permitted to go ont of office will bo a disgrace as well aa a misfortune. From the here York Times. We think the Republican members of Congress ought to understand tho very disagreeable impression which will be produced on tho public mind, by their allowing Mr.

D. A. Wells to bo turned out of bis office without an effort to prevent it. We believe there was little doubt that the office would have been kept np by the majority, if the President had not been induced by Mr. Boutwell to withdraw his support from, if not to positively discountenance, tho plan.

Hr. Boutwell is so intent on paying off tbe laudable ambition enough in bo has worked himself into a state of indifference aa to the cost or inconvenience of doing it. He seems to care comparatively little how heavy tho taxes are. or whore they fall, provided he is able to knock twelve or fourteen millions every month off the total amount of our liabilities. But we think we are safe in saying that the discontent of the country under its burden has grown in the direct ratio of his success, and that nothing has done eo much to quicken, and even embitter, the demand for a reduction of taxation aa his last monthly statement, showing that he was contributing to tho Sinking Fond at tbe rate of about one hundred and seventy millions a year.

People will stand a good deal, and have stood a good deal, bat they are not yet quite ready to fight a great war, with a loss of naif a million of men, and pay off all tho cost of it within tho same generation. Tbe country consequently wants time on the debt, and will here it. we can understand very well Mr. BoutwelTs not liking this, and aa nobody baa done ao much aa Mr. Wells to show what the present burden and incidence of taxation ia coating the people, wo can also understand his desire, or at all events his willingness.

to have him quietly disposed of. Tho majority in Congress has, however, something else to think of. It has, first of all, the popular feeling to consult, if the Scople do not want to pay tho debt beforo It is ue, nobody has any business to force thorn to pay it. It has, in the next place, to consult tho interests of the party, and we tell the Congressional majority, frankly, that if they cannot in some way furbish np their financialrecord beforo the fall, it will go hard with tho party. The party has, until last session, done little or nothing for tho finances, except pilo on taxes in a confused, indiscriminate way, and too often in blind compliance with the demands of voracious monopolies.

We suppose no financial system in the world was ever so devoid of rhymo or reason as that with which we came out of the war. But the country was quite ready to pardon all errors, whether of omission or commission, which occurred daring the war. While the fighting was going on tho government bad to get money, by hook or by crook, and had to postpone tho proper distribution of tho burden to quieter times. We believe it was universally acknowledged that, in creating tbe office of Special Commissioner of tho Revenue, the very best thing was done that could bo done by way of preparation for the work of financial reform. Nobody knew anything, in 1800, about tbe effect of the war on tho national industry, or about the condition of the national industry, or about tho results of the system of taxation entered on in 1802-3.

Legislation was impossible without evidence collected and digested by a trained economist and statistician. Mr. Wells was such a man. Moreover, be was a protectionist. He shared the opinions of Messrs.

Kelley, Greeley, and Carey as to tho duty of tbe government to help manufacturers; and yet he was not a manufacturer, or a politician, or anything but a very accomplished of science, bred in protectionist The high-tariff men were perfectly satisfied. They had no objection to make, either to the office or to tho man who was selected to fill it. In fact, they could not have had a more satisfactory arrangement so far as they were concerned, and they confidently expected that Mr. Wells would report, very much as Horace Greeley would report, that tbe more you piled on the duties, the more prosperous would country be; that foreign commerce was an eru, and that, to use tho language of the Tribune, when the locomomotive takes tho wheat, and flesh, and corn, and cotton, to a distant manufacturing of Illinois to Massachusetts, for is an exhauster; its smoke is- a black fog, and its whistle the scream of an evil WeD, on inquiry, and a survey of all the facts, he came to conclusions with which a body of gentlemen, who have looked to tho tariff to make them enormous fortunes, cannot agree. They are conclusions, be it remembered, which thousands of the best snd purest men of this and all foreign countries share, and on which the wisest and ablest men may, and do, differ.

80 those who have been profiting largely by the state of things which Mr. Wells condemns, will have it that he not only ought not- to say what ho saya, but that ho never would have said it unless be was bribed, and insist on having bis office abolished and himself turned ont. They are willing to have a Commissioner of the Revenue, provided ho agrees with them, and are willing to have him collect facts, provided ho does-not collect any facts which tell against their interests. Nevertheless, it is strictly true that every reform which has been made in the nature or amount of taxation, or in tbe manner of collecting it, within the last two years, has been suggested and advocated by Mr. Wells in his reports, and, we venture to add, that every reform which will be adopted within tho next three years, has been suggested and advocated in his reports, and In those reports, moreover, is to he found the only scientific survey of the industrial condition of the United States in existence.

They are the only source to which any member of Congress can go at this moment for trustworthy facts as to tho general direction financial legislation ought to take, or as to the results of past experiments. Of course they contain errors, and mistakes; hut they are all we have got of the kind, and there is not the remotest probability that this generation will see anything better. For the administration to get rid of suoh an officer, and such an office, at such a moment, would be a great mistake; and it would bo a still greater mistake for Congress to connive at the change. If any attempt had been made, or was talked of, to supply other machinery of the same kind, it might possibly be excused, but we hear of nothing of that sort. If Mr.

Wells goes, Congress will have no statistics, and no financial reports, except such as are furnished them by monopolists interested in particular kinds of legislation. No party, whoso financial record is not extraordinarily good, and which his not shown in its ranks a very remarkable degree of Wnarnqiq ability, can safely face tho public with any such responsibility resting on its shoulders. JVtwv the Detroit Tribune. With the expiration of the year 1870 the office of Special Revenue Commissioner expires, and the probability is that the office will not be renewed, owing to the antipathy of the the higbprotective tariff men to Commissioner Wells. If Hr.

Wells is tamed out of office it will bo for telling the truth. There never was a more faithful and pains-taking nubile officer, and his copious reports on the public re venae have been of greatest advantage to tbo country. They have not only been neb storehouses of facts, but they have secured the highest commendation from eminent sources abroad- Nojone doubts Hr. competency, and it would be amusing, were It lees discouraging and handlisting, to hoar those very persons who urge the dismissal of Hr. Wells declaiming in favor of civil service reform.

The men who so denounce the Special Revenue Commissioner do not want simply a capable man of independent thought and expression in the office alluded to, but they want a man who will suppress and distort in their special interest and pockst the public money for supposed impartial services while he works for them. Wo have already allnded to the answer of Commissioner Wells to the majority of the House Committee upon Manufactures, who bad prepared such a load, as they supposed, if fairly let off, would blow him to atoms. We bare also shown how the points of assault were communicated to the Commissioner, and that hia reply to bis assailants was adopted by the minority of the Committee on Commerce, and that the House ordered the minority and majority reports printed together, the majority of the committee unwittingly making no obj action, This last document or the Special Commissioner has found its way into print, and is Interesting, of eoune. We have already noted some portions of it. but win now allude briefly to some others.

Mr. Wells produces a letter from D. W. Tuttle, recently part manager and proprietor of the pig-iron furnace at Durham, Bocks ICoimty, Pennsylvania, who states that pig metal can he manufactured there at £26 a ton, and that the company having charge of the Durham furnaces, with a capital of £300,000. expect to clear the present year, if bran continues at its present price, £150,000.

He also shows on authority of John Sons, of the Morgan Iron Works, Hew York, that an agent of the Beading Furnace, Pennsylvania, stated, in the course of some Kbsiness negotiations, that hia company manufactured pig metal at a coat of £25 a ton. As an illustration of the effect of the excessive cost of pig iron upon iron manufacturers, the caasuttee use the letter of Willard Pope, Engineer of the Detroit Iron Bridge Company, which was first published in the TYunine. Mr. Wells shows by the history of iron manufacture in the M.Knnmp Valley, Ohio, that the greatest number of furnaces were built and put in operation during the low tariff on pig iron. The Commissioner enters at considerable length upon the Bessemer patent and the production of steel rails, the striking point of which is.

that while the uncommon success of the Bessemer patent has made ateel nils cheap, instead of giving the people the advantage re-. Bolting from improved manufacture. Congress is asked to so legislate as to make steel rails dear. The capacity of production of rails in Europe by Bassemer steel is 566,000 tons, and Mr, wells that it is thia immense production, and not homa competition, that has oaoaed the redaction of price-in the Pmsfimi steel in this country. He shows that the aleel nQ monopoly a great upon the country, he says upon this head is 99 striking we aak special to the following extract: the tons of nils which are this year to be laid, either cn new roads or in repair or old ones, could ail be steel Instead of Iron, the cost of repairing them woukl be reduced from ten per cent to three per cent, and probably less per annum a difference which, on the rails of this year alone, would a difference of to saved as a proportional annuity, deducted from the con of transportation charged upon the wealth of the country.

Multiply this by yearly additions ootii tbe whole 55,000 mlesof railroad lathis country ts sain a permanent steel tract, as wm be, with Its tons ol rails, OOOII economy will be the creila between tea per cent and cen: 0Q lI amount, or A ton aQd a locu these things thernimJili to show magnitude of the question, and how nearly it conics home to the business of everr person mmo community, ir it ratter to stop pronresa ol tto trarcl this creat economy, tlut the Bessemer steel worts In the oonnrty stonM be bonatn 5S and destroyed. It undoubtedly would tie for tuc interest of the country to do It, even if It were necessary to pension the proprietors and buy up the Bessemer patent, which the Chairman ot the Committee ou Manufactures holds In trust for himseu ana Tbe Commissioner further comments upon the tax upon salt, and shows wherein tbe tax upon it is more burdensome than the tax upon tea, coffee, and sugar. Ho shows that in consequence of price since ISSO, mainly caused by tariff duties, (he people pay on blankets alone an annual increased tax of $3,750,000. The women of tho United States, in consequence of tariff duties on woollen goods suitable for thick winter clothing, pay about annually. The first of the sums named above Is nearly as much as tho entire annna? revenue collected from lea, and the latter sum nearly as much as tbe eutiro aggregate annual revenue from tho duty on tea and coffee.

eaueoad accident. The Fatal Disaster on tbe Rutland 6c. Burlington Road-Four Persons Killed and Thirteen From the Burlington (VC) Free June 9. Tho night express train coming north on the Rutland A Burlington Railroad, on Tuesday night, ran into a washed-out culvert about midnight. near Ludlow, the engine and leaving the cars on tho south side of tbe break, but injuring no one we believe, but tho engineer.

A freight train was standing at Summit Station, in Mount Holley, and a telegram was sent for the engine and caboose to come to the scene of the disaster and take the passengers to Rutland. This was dor.j.'The passengers, twenty-fivo in number, were transferred to a freight car and started north. When about two miles north of Summit Station. at 2 a. they ran into another washout, some ninety feet wide and fifteen feet deep.

The engine plunged into the and tbe car followed, landing on top of tbe locomotive. To tbe shock of this fearful plunge in the darkness and storm, amid crashing timbers and the cries of the wounded, were added the horrors of scalding from tho steam escaping from the wrecked locomotive. When help was finallv secured, and killed and wounded extricated, it was foud that a sad list of casualties had occurred. The engineer, James Hardy, and Hr. Croaker, master car builder of tho road, who was riding on tho engine, were instantly killed.

One in the car, a Mr. Abbott, from Lowell, was also killed. Another passenger died before night; three other passengers had broken bones, and nine or ton were scalded by the steam, some of them in a horrible manner. Hr. Foss, engineer of the passenger engine wrecked at Ludlow, was so badly scalded that when he palled off his boots tbe skin came off with them.

Notwithstanding his injuries, ho walked back to Summit, and sent a telegram to Rutland giving information of the disaster. It was then found impossible to reach tho scene by train from Rutland, another break haring occurred between Summit and Rutland by washing out of a culvert. Owing to the condition of affairs, but scanty information could be obtained up to 5 last evening. Prompt measures were, however, taken to repair the track and open communication from Rutland. Governor Pago reached tne spot as early as possible, and every possible measure was taken by Superintendent Merrill and the railroad officials to render tho injured as comfortable as possible.

Among the passengers were Mr. Skillings, of Boston, partner of our townsman. Lawrence Barnes, with a party from Boston, was on tho way to this dir to attend the wedding of Hiss Barnes. Hr. Barnes received despatches last evening from Hr.

Skillings and Governor Page, informing him that none of his friends wero injured, except by scratches and bruises. The culvert, the failure of which caused tho last disaster, was regarded aa perfectly safe, it having stood for twelve or fifteen years, and had withstood the freshet of last falL Tho fall of rain by which these was hontsfwere caused was very heavy along the road over tho mountain, much heavier than in Rutland even, where it rained copiously from Tuesday, at 2 o'clock p. until about 8 the next morning. At 2 this morning wo received a despatch from Rutland, famishing the following list of casualties A. Abbott, Lowed, James S- Hardy, Rutland; M.

3L Croaker. Rutland. M.Foss, Rutland; Geo. Kinney, Rutland; A. R.

Field, Greenfield, Douglas Flint, New York; W. H. Emerson, Boston; W. H. Hoyt and Nathan Rice, Cambridge, N.

W. J. Howard, scalded; J. W. McFarland, Salem, N.

E. F. Haskell, in hip frnmin We A Stoddard, N. W. J.

Pierce, Boston, leg broken; C. H. Eaton, Bristol, face shoulder badly cut. TWO MOBB DEATHS FBOM nWUBIES. Rutland, Juno o.

one man out of twenty-five escaped injury. Two of tho wounded, Flint, of New York city, and A. R. Field, of Greenfield, have since died. W.

H- Emerson, of Cambridge, cannot live, and several others are horribly scalded, tbn flesh on their hands being literally cooked to the bone, and falling off. The body of Mr. Flint arrived here thin afternoon, in charge of his brother, and will bo taken to New York on the midnight train. EOAHD OP POLICE. A Long nud Sionur Session oil about a policeman who A Citizen.

Tbe Board of Police and Fire Commissioners held a regular meeting yesterday aiternoon; present Commissioners Brown, Gund, and James. The Superintendent of Police recommended the discharge of John Hogan, a special policeman, for drunkenness. Adopted. Tbe Superintendent recommended the apnolntment on the regular force of Daniel 3. Brelgb, Henry E.

Papp, Moses J. Ludlngton, James Stanton and Henry Bluhm. of the Fim Precinct, and Edmond Farrell, of the Third Precinct. Adopted, James 9. Fisher, a special policeman on trial, having been sick for two weeks, was granted thirty days longer for trial.

Patrolman Tbomaa Wells, of the Thin! Precinct, was chained wuh maltreating a prisoner named illiam McGary. He was in a saloon on North lack street, where he got very tight, ana, on the way to the station, as he stated, was struck and abused generally. Mr. Manchester, attorney for the defence, showed that he was convicted and fined next day for being drank and disorderly. The same officer was chanted by William Ilalloraa with maltreating and Inattention to duty.

He arrested the complainant on the ground that he bad no express license for the wagon he was driving. called him hot-headed, ofil and wanted to know why he waanot with the Fenians, invited him to flzht, and varied the entertainment by asserting that he 44 could whip any two men In Chicago;" then he took hold of the old man to shake him out of his breeches, and finally offered to square the trouble if the complainant would pay for the beer. The complainant said he was fined at the North Side Court without being called, arraigned, or tried. There was a good deal of counter-swearing. In which the complainant was accused of calling the defendant names: then there were witnesses examined and crossexamtned, and speeches by the attorneys and a long legal disquisition by Commissioner Brown, interrupted only by a husky cough from a bystander, and a grant of assent from Commissioner Gund, and then came Commissioner Sheridan with views, given In a short, terse speech.

Then ther tt was some talk all round, consuming over two and after that some speeches, succeeded by eonaderabie eloquence, supplemented by another legal disquisition, followed by observations all Interrupted by some wit (very little, though), then windy duels ensued between Mr. Manchester and Mr. Nlnan, the attorneys; Commissioner Brown, tmd between Commissioner Sheridan and Commissioner Gund, culminating in a lond hnbbob. widen everybody talked, Captain Fox being heard Jr 5 arrests were made in one ate 7 i had to do with the case, and w. were Invited to vamose the 611761116 iffhve and reverend ComboW Bweet bat noisy comolher 011 tbe evidence.

Commas loner Goad took the tide of the policeman, Commissioner Sheridan the other aide. Commissioner Brown going between, Another half hour was lost forever. After that Commissioner Good moved the last case be dismissed, and Commissioner Bherldaa moved to amend by fining the complainant ten days pay for maltreatment of citizens, which was promptly seconded by Commissioner Brown, and 3 e( Mr Manchester asked that the fine be suspended, when Commissioner wit around, and be aonoonced, amid some little laughter, that they suspended nothing but men-ln that board. The first case was then resurrected for further discussion, Commlmiouer Gund and Commissioner Sheridan taking Commissioner Brown sitting silent and solemn as a Judge. Finally.the firatjenarge was dismissed at 0:45 p.

m. There were four more cases for trial, but, as It was so late, they were postponed, and the board adjourned. BEAL ESTATE. Warrantee deeds conveying city and suburban property within seven miles of the Court House filed for record on Monday, Jane 13: Snurtleff av, in ft of Swift place, 4tx 12S ft; June 10 Wentworth av, ft of Thirty-third at. JoneiL saa Lake av, bi cor of Douglas place, f.siki ft (with buildings known soldiers Borne); June 11 soma corol Dowlm ft; Janes.

of Thirty-third st, wf. 6Oox 125 ft; Jane 13 15.600 4 3 ft wof Hoisted st, sf, 23XU7ft; April 4 400 Dashlell at. 46 7-10 ft of Esnianade st. 48X123 7-10 ft; May 400 Jefferson st, 49 ft a of Tyler st, ft; June 7 6,000 Catfiartne fteof Jefferson 25X74 ft; June 11 550 Centre av, so ft of Howard sr. f.

ooxisu JuneU 2,000 Dickson st, 154 ft of Horttt av, 43x 124 5-10 ft; June 6 1,100 Chicago av, 43 It of Noble st, 24x52 It; June 10 1,000 Clrbourne av, ft oCDayton st, a June 6 1,730 On st bet Orchard and Larraboe ate, ni 3 of North av, 34x04 ft, with house; June 13 I 4M Clybouruc ay, 200 ft of Cooper st, 50X100 ft; July 1, 490 HOBXH env LIMPP3. Wolcott st. 192 ft of Lawrence av, 100 Joneu a Commercial st, l93Jtf sof Jefferson road, r.IOOxICOft; JonelO; Sheffield av, 441 ft of Wrigbtwoodav.w 100x125ft; March 9.. soern or errr 136 44-11)0 old ctrr UMrn, Waverly av, sof Twelfth at, ef, 2UtiM ft;.