Moberly Monitor-Index and Moberly Evening Democrat from Moberly, Missouri • Page 1

8 Pages and MOBERLY EVENING DEMOCRAT WB DO OUS PAKT VOLUME 15 ASMOCIATUU PKJCSS FULL LKA.SKD I MOBERLY, MISSOURI, SATURDAY EVENING, MARCH 3, SPEEDS UP ACTION ON LABORCASES Orders Compliance Board Accept Labor Board Findings Without a Review Bradshaw, Long Hunted Desperado, Slain by Deputy After Terrorizing Roadhouse TO ACT QUICKER ON VIOLATIONS Membership of Board Increased So Cases Can Be Handled Faster WASHINGTON, Mar. 3. IP-President Roosevelt today acted to speed up the handling of indus- trial violations under collective bargaining provisions of the re- "-covery law by ordering that compliance board act on findings of the national labor board without reviewing them. upon issuance 01 lc order, the labor ard cited four companies to 'ow cause in hearings March and 13, why their cases should not be referred immediately to the compliance board and justice department. The four concerns, all accused of violating" the collective bargaining provision of the industrial law, Harriman Hosiery Mills, Harriman, Tenn.

A. Roth and Company, Chicago. Dresner and Son, Chicago, together with two subsidiary concerns. Patrick, Duluth, Minn. Board Is Enlarged The President also increased the membership of the labor boarO Immediately te executive are: FORT SMITH, March --Ford Bradshaw, slippery bad boy of the Cookson Hills, met his death at the hands of a roadhouse proprietor at Arkoma, five miles from here, early today.

The Oklahoma state bureau of criminal identification made the announcement of Bradshaw's identification after checking scars and other markings on the body of the slain man Bradshaw, hoodlum reared the Eastern Oklahoma hills, was slain by Bill Harper, LeFlore county deputy sheriff and proprietor of the roadhouse, after the desperado had terrorized the place for three hours The bank robber, killer and all- round badman who was a reputen confederate of Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker, outlaw couple, was hit by six bullets as he attempted to attack Harper while the latter and officers escorted him from the roadhouse under heavy guard. Threatened to Kill Harper and customers told officers the slain man had terrorized the place for about three hours, robbing every one who came in. They said he threatened to "kill somebody." Bradshaw's companion, who gave her name as Mary Jane Fields, of Muskogee, told officers she had just been released from jail at Carthage, Mo. The automobile in which she and the robber came here bore an Oklahoma license. The car contained an extra set of Missouri license plates.

The outlaw had been disarmed when Harper's brother. Bob, slipped away and notified police at Fort Smith, who proceeded to the place, walked in on the hoodlum and took from him a new .45 calibre revolver and a bullet-proof vest. Escorted by officers, started from the rear door of the house when he suddenly attacked Bob Harper. Bradshaw then attempted to strike Bill Harper. The deputy sheriff shot him six times.

Woman Is Held With Bradshaw's body lying in a morgue at Poteau, his worn- more Earlier police here and from Ok- from eight to 13 to insure more believed slain es- regular attendance of a sufficient ado to be Barrow, notor- number of both industrial ana a southweg ern criminal labor members, and named two Tn vice chairmen to preside in place of Senator Wagner (D. N. Y-J vho frequently is not able to give the board sufficient time. Clay Williams, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Leon Marshall, Baltimore the new vice-presidents. The three new industrial members are: Ernast Draper, Brooklyn, New York: Henry Dennison, Farming- ham Massachusetts: and Gerard Swope, of New York.

I Meantime, the directors of the I United States Chamber of Commerce adopted a resolution which! FULTON, Mar 3 -f-- said in part that "we oppose the Three me from Warrensburg use by governmental agencies ot instantly killed early means for enforcing orders or regulations relating to employ- 3 KILLED IN CAR "IRDCKtOLUSiON Warrensburg Men Are tims of Head-on Crash. Near Fulton on Highway 40, northwest of here, when their automobile and truck collided head-on. The three, Willard Marr, John Lisac and Olin Sturke, were returning home from St. Louis when the accident occurred about i-eoruary 1:30 a.m. on the Cedar Creek amended by striking out para- bridge on the Boone-Callaway graph number two thereof and in- coun ty line.

A heavy fog is oe- sertlng in its stead the following lived to have been responsible for paragraph: the crash. '2. Whenever the national lab- Th driver of the truck, i 1 ilJ ment not contemplated or provided for in the "industrial recovery act." The President's Order The president's order "Executive order number 6,580 of February 1, 1934, is heresy or board shall find that an ployer has interfered with the board's conduce of an election or has declined to recognize or bargain collectively with a representative or representatives of the employes adjudged by the board to have been selected in accordance with section seven (A) (collective bargaining provision) or has otherwise violated or is refus- 5ng to comply with said section (A the board, in its discre- report such findings and make appropriate recommendations to the attorney general or to the compliance division of the national recovery administration. The compliance division shall not the findings of the board but it shall have power to take appropriate action based thereon. "Franklin D.

Roosevelt. "The White House, "February 23, 1934." Wagner Outlines Fi- 0 Simultaneously Senator Wagner issued a statement outlining his program under the new order. "This order means that tne board can act directly, promptly and effectively in cases of vioia- on of section 7 A. Today the (Continued on tTtgo W. P.

Noel to Run for County Court, Eastern District Noel, former county clerk, today authorized the Monitor-Into announce him as a candi- Poe of St. Louis, was taken to a hospital in Columbia, where his condition is considered serious. Poe it was learned here, told hospital attaches here that the motor car was on the left side of the highway when the automobile and trtick crashed. Poe is a. driVer Brashar Truck Lines of St.

Louis. The automobile was so badly damaged that it was impossible to determine whether ne car was a coupe or a sedan. One of the victims was pinned in the car, and another was thrown 35 feet Marr worked for his father, Kenneth Marr, in a Warrensburg store. Li.ac and Sturke were at the Gallaway garage employed at -4. toeVe.

Lisac's parents live at Marceline and Sturke's at noster. Becker Amazed at Number of 'Saloons in St. Joseph ST JOSEPH, March 3, () --Edwin Becker, state liquor in- spfctoT said last night he was amazed at the number of "saloons he found in St. Joseph. "I got an eyeful," he said.

It rotten and I haven't seen half the Becker directed Jake L. Sretz, deputy liquor inspector for Northwest Missouri, to issue no more li- to retain drink places that bona fide'hotels or restau- ordered an immediate to whether li- FORD BRADSHAW an companion was held in jail at Poteau. She was captured when Bradshaw was slain. Carthage, officers recently had "picked up" the woman for investigation. She was arrested, they said, when, an attempt was made to capture Bradshaw and his pal.

Charles Cotner She was released shortly. The woman, a 22-year-old, pretty brunette, this morning told officers, "He has a sister, Rema Deetgin, who lives near Vian." A few minutes later, she said, "He is Ford Bradshaw." Officers at Poteau today found about one hundred dollars in bills in Bradshaw's pocket. An automatic shotgun, a quantity of shotgun and pistol ammunition and luggage also were found in the new automobile in which Bradshaw and the woman had come to the roadhouse. Local officers said there was a letter in the luggage written from a hotel at Kansas City, mentioning the name of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow. Government Is Prize of New.Deal WASHINGTON, March 3 President Roosevelt today pronounced the outstanding feature of the first year of his administration the "amazing and- universal increase" in the interest of people in government.

At the close of his year in office, he gave notice in an address at exercises of the American University that the "New Deal" was not temporary and was pointed to "eradicating the deeper causes of the immediate illness and of many other illnesses of the body politics." This address was at intallations of Dr. Joseph M. Gray as Chancellor of the University. $3,696 Payroll Distributed to CWA Workers Payrolls totaling $3,696.15 were distributed to Randolph county CWA and CWS, workers today John P. Beuth, county reliei chairman, announced.

Of that amount $3,490.15 was distributed to men working on CWA projects and $206 was paid as salaries to women workers. Announcement was made that a further "cut" of S7 men would be made for the forthcoming week. Diminishing funds and the completing of several current pro- jectfmade the reduction in work- are HANNIBAL, WENTWORTH IN FINALS State Junior College Basketball Championship to Be Decided Tonight MOBERLY LOSES IN OVERTIME GAME Greyhounds, Beaten by Single Point, to Play Flat River for Third Place Results today (Championship round). Wentworth 36, Moberly Hannibal 31, Flat Kiver 29 Consolation Bound Central Wesleyan 27, Kemper 19. Principia, 3B, Jeff City 16.

Tonight Central Wesleyan vs. Principia, 6:30. Moberly vs. Flat River, ''Hannibal vs. Wentworth Hannibal-LaGrange and Wentworth cagers will battle for the Sampionfhip of the: fifth aooual Missouri Junior College confer ence tournament here tonight.

Moberly, losing a heart-breaker to Wentworth by 1 point this morning, will play Flat River for tird place, and Principia and Central Wesleyan will play for the consolation round title. With Cashman in the hero role, the Hannibal-Trojans came from behind to beat the fast stepping Flat River quintet in the last minute of that game this Corning. The Lead Belt team assumed an early lead and held it. unWI right up to the final whistle At the half Flat Kiver was ahead, 18 to 9 'Goals by Cashman, Walley ana Ferrel cut down the Flat River lead until with only a minute left, the Trojans were trailing by a 2B- 27 count. Leverton sank one for Hannibal while Polk made good on a free shot and the score was tied.

Won By Free Throws Seconds were left to play when Cashman was fouled. He made tosses- and the game was on ice for the Trojans doped from the very start as favored to van the meet. Flat River, up until the last minute, seemed to have the game, but the Lead Belters were weakened by the loss of Bolin, veteran center, and Black, forward, who went out of the game on fouls Ferrel and Cashman scored 10 and 9 points respectively. Garrett, captain and guard, also was outstanding for the Trojans. The fames went off far behma schedule this morning.

Scheduled to be concluded by noon, it was o'clock before the final tilt was KILLER JOHN DILLINGER IS LOOSE AGAIN Bd 2SCaP LiSian" Harley (left) named to succeed her husband as sheriff by a mad man, had an ironclad murder case against the in Arizona, to announce him as a candi- to whether U- date for judge of the county court ces. are complying with eastern district, subject to the action of voters in the Democratic mr county cierk Record Attendance TsLond at State Parks as Trout Season Opens JEFFERSON CITY, March 3 (j5 records at state parks for the opening of the trout season Thursday were brok- PD State Game Department offic- Ss A crown of 2000 was Reported at Roaring River State Park, 1500 at -Bennett Irritate Park and 1000 at Montauk State Park. Good catch- scnoow, also was superintendent of schools at Salisbury for seven years. He resides in the Mme which he owns at 617 Oilman Noel seeks to succeed Judge Lamb as judge from the eastern district, which includes also has candidacy for the post. and filling operations on tne ex tension of West Reed street into Rothwell Park.

Next week additional work will be continued on the Junior College terracing project. to Meet Monday Night, Fix Date of Election for city election to eovern the fate of the proposed for a municipal power ht lant is to De set by city cJuncSmen in the regular March council meeting, night The meeting will be held the council rooms in the basement o. the Public Library building- VOTES UNANIMOUSLY FOR LIQUOR SALES ST. LOUIS, March 3, (5 1 )-- due exclusive St. Louis county suburb, yesterday unanimously became the first town in Missouri to permit sale of intoxicating 'iquor under a local option election law.

Ladue, which has a population of less than 1,000, and whose borders includes three golf clubs ana scores of costly country homes voted 131 to nothing to permit consumption of intoxicating 0 on the premises where it is sold. easily defeated Jefferson City in a consolation round lame, 36 to 16. At the half the St Louisians, led, 16 to 10. This afternoon conference representatives were having their annual business meeting. Greyhounds Nosed Out Moberly's Greyhounds lost out in the fight for the tournament championship this morning, nosed out by Wentworth, 25 to 26, in the final seconds of a nerve twisting game that went to the second overtime period.

A charity toss by Slusher, Cadet with only seconds to go on Butterly's foul, gave the game to the Lexington five. At the end of the regular game, the score was tied, 21 to 21.. The end of the first extra five minute period found the score again tied, 23-all. In the first extra period, Chattin scored a basket for Moberly and Aull tallied for Wentworth for the only scoring of that period. In the second overtime period, Butterly sank a basket lor Moberly and Slusher got one for the Cadets.

Then on Butterly foul Slusher made good one of two foul shots to win the game. It was the most thrilling game of the tournament thus- far, and in the final stages kept a crowd ot 200 yelling spectators on their feet. 2-Point Lead at Half Moberly took an early lead but the score was tied often and thE advantage shifted frequently with (Continued on Pag-a 3) WABASH TO IMPROVE TRACK AND CARS PREFERRED CLAIM HEARING APRE 2 Court Rules Issue of Insolvency of Moberly Trust Co. Be Decided First OTHER CASES RESET, MANY CONTINUED Preferred claims against the Moberly Trust were reset for hearing Monday, April 2, at a session of Circuit Court held today. It was ordered that tne "claims involving the issue.

oT insolvency of the Moberly Trust at the time of reception of deposits, shall be first heard. The state' cases against Harry Gibson and Ora Don Jones were reset for Tuesday, March 20. The case of Mary E. Howard vs. Noan Howard was reset for Wednesday, March 7.

Mrs. Laura B. McAllister, in a separate maintenance suit against Ira A. McAllister was awardea judgment for $600. Payment, according to the court's decision, is to be made in installments of $20 to be paid monthly, beginning- March 1934.

In the case of Ira A. McAllister vs. Laura B. McAllister, immediately following, a final decree ot divorce was granted to the plaintiff. Maintenance Granted A maintenance suit-brought by Mrs.

Blanche Capp against J. L. Capp was sustained. A monthly, maintenance of 540 as well as at- CIOCK torney fees, was granted. Did It With Wooden Gun," Says Dillinger CROWN POINT, Mar.

3 2P--John Dillinger was feeling highly elated when he left the Lake County jail today. After he had forced ail the guards on duty in the jail to surrender their weapons and enter a cell, he held aloft the "weapon" with which he had forced them to surrender. "Ha, ha, ha," he chortled, "I did it with a wooden gun." MAN IS CRUSHED BYFALUNGTREE Ulysses Dean, Badly Injured Near Darksville, Now in Hospital Here 8-HOUR BATTLE WITH MUDDY ROADS Crushed early yesterday afternoon beneath a falling tree, Ulysses Dean, HuntsviUe farm hand, is at the McCormick Hospital nere with a 50-50 chance for recovery. Suffering with a crushed right shoulder, crushed chest, broken ribs and a severe scalp wound, Dean was brought to the Hospital here around 9 o'clock last night, 8 hours after the accident. His arrival here was delayed by the impassibility of country was injured about 1 afternoon when first DILLINGER 'WALKS OUT OF'ESCAPE PROOF JAIL Nation's Worst Badman Bluffs Guard-With Take Gun Whittled From Wood HE LOCKS UP OTHER KEEPERS ONE BY ONE KiHer And Negro -Companion Raid Armory and Flee in Stolen Car CROWN POINT, March 3 --At the point of a wooden pistol he had whittled out in his cell, John Dillinger, America's most murderous outlaw, broke out or the Lake county "escape proof jail today.

With the fake pistol, he forced jail attaches to surrender to him and a negro convict accomplice, confiscated two machine guns from the prison armory, commandeered aa automobile, and sped away towards Chicago with Deputy Sheriff George Blunt and Edward Sager, an employe of the Main Street garage where the car was obtained. Blunt and Sager were released at BL, two hours after the Dillinger had been held in the Lake county jail, presided over by Mrs. Lillian Holley, who- had asserted "he win never escape, for the murder of an East, Chicago, policeman, a near roads Dean 23 a uth with whom he was work- was CUed ing in timber on the John Burwell on the case of Elmer J- Darksvme reached the which is to be tried March 9. Burwell home with him. Another hc re The case of J.

F. Lowry vs. the I hour elapsed before a hearse was him Franklin Insurance was reset for March 19. Cases Continued Cases continued were: Anna Dean Adams vs: Fred C. Adams; Ezra Creed vs.

HuntsviUe Sinclair State vs. Ray Mallory; Robert Dye vs. New Insurance F. W. Goodrich vs.

C. G. Curtwright; George Hannah vs. James Mathews; E. J.

Yoweli vs. Shop Employee's J- F. Lee pressed into service to bring him to Moberly. The hearse was one which the Snow-Leaverton Funeral Home ot Moberly had taken to Darksvilie for the funeral of Scott, Campbell. With horses, mules and tractors pushing and pulling the 500-pound hearse S-mile trip from the Burwell residence to the highway at Jacksonville reauired more than 4 hours.

At Jacksonville vs. Joe Ingram, and Geo.W. Bai- TM ansf erred an am- Massachusett Co. fQr top to Moberly. Dean and his wife are tenants The case of Thomas Welch vs.

The Metropolitan Insurance was transferred, with consent of parties, to the Randolph circuit court at HuntsviUe. Other cases continued were: Carl Dickinson vs. Emma Dickinson; James S. Bishop vs. William Young; Lyda F.

Protiier vs: Emma L. Mock; Anderson Barnes vs. George Webster; George Webster vs. William Gaugh; Fannie Appleby, et al vs. Maurice E.

Hogan, et al; Georgia Peters vs. Universal Burial Levi Pierce vs. Universal Burial City of LOUIS, March 3 Plans for a rebuilding and equip- ment program financed by a 51,481,000 public works loan have been announced by receivers of the Wabash Railway Company. Ten thousand tons of rails, cost( ing $564,700, will be laid this year in Illinois, Missouri and Indiana at a labor cost of about $100,000. Ap- proximately will be spent in rebuilding and repairing rolling stock, chiefly freight caid, and in air-conditioning passenger equipment.

Moberly vs. George H. Spieser al; Farmers' Elevator Co. vs. Jess Tyler Benton; Irvin Paper Co.

vs. J. W. Haines; Hugo Conley vs. D.

Hildbreath, et al. The ca'se in re the redemption board of Glen S. Story was stricken from the docket. Court was adjourned until Wednesday, March 7. Shotgun Victim Goes Home.

i J. E. Reynolds) whose left foot was amputated three inches above i the ankle Feb: 6, as the result of; the accidental discharge of a shot- gun, was released today from, Woodland Hospital here. He isi getting along nicely. Farm and Home Votes Dividend NEVADA, Mar.

3. --A second li percent dividend, bringing the annual dividend to 3 percent, was declared yesterday by the reorganized Farm and Home Savings and Loan Association or Missouri on approximately of class A stock, ine first dividend was voted last September. on the Burwell farm, formerly the He is 42 years Bill Elliott Place. old. PENDERGAST FOES WIN COURT TILT MORLEY STREET CONTRACT IS LET Atkinson Paving Co.

Is Low With Bid of $28,633 for Widening ACT ON 43 OTHER ROAD PROJECTS The Atkinson Paving Company of Chillicothe, was awarded, tne contract let yesterday by the State Highway Department for the widening North. Moriey street from Union avenue to.the city limits, at a cost of ''Money for this project will- -taken from the allottment of feoV eral funds to the Highway Department in the governments public works program. The Morley street project was one of 44 similar projects i terical counties for which contracts were immediately telephoned po- let hen te project is North Morley street IS loose." Before leaving the jail. Dilling- of Union avenue city up in a cell the only addeTo sid the three guards on duty. fie paving.

In addition the locked all doors of the Oth- nr.nfra.ft also calls for the construe- guards on duty in the jail at the of a storm sewer to extend did not learn of the escape at once. bank robbery. Seventeen witnesses had ed out Dillinger as the man wlio killed the policeman with a machine gun. Prosecutors said they had an "airtight" case against him and- that they would send him to the electric chair. He was scheduled to go on trial here March 12.

A Record for Daring The escape -was one of the. most daring on record. Eighteen extra guards' and six deputy, sher- had been with -orders- to Mil "Dillinger. if he made' the slightest move towards freedom- Mrs. Holley, who succeeded her husband as he was Blunt tion, QI HI from a point near the McCormick hospital north to the city limits.

To XTse Local Labor With the exception of foremen and artisans to be brought here by the Atkinson Paving Company, lo- cal labor will be used on the proj- ect. The estimated 40 or 50 men required for the work will be engaged by the company from local CWA registration lists Low bidders on the $1,200,000 road letting including 44 in 32 counties, were ai today by the state highway department. Of the total estimated expenditure, about $1,110.000 will come from federal funds allotted to The escape started at 9 a. when Deputy Sheriff Blunt went into a cell where Dillinger, Herbert Youngblood, a negro who is alleged murderer, other prisoners were and con- taking fingerprints prisoner in the cell, when suddenly Dillinger confronted, fri-n-i with the fake pistor. Locked Up Guards He forced Blunt to surrender deputy in a nearby cell.

Then the prisoners waited quietly until Warden Lou Baker ap- Missouri under national recovery act. The letting, held yesterday, was on 70.8 miles of new road. The low bidders, by counties, included: Boone, 4.7 miles graded eartn, route SB, Hallsville-Centralia, Lay Construction North Kansas City, $12,507. Callaway, 0.42 miles asphalt concrete, U. S.

54, in Fulton, alternative No. 1, E. L. Markham, Cape Girardeau, S13.049. Clark, 0.66 miles.

20-foot concrete, U. S. 61, Keokuk bridge south, Hartman-Clark Bros. Peoriai 525.593. Improvements on Route 10 Clay, 0.5 miles concrete widening, route 10, in Excelsior Springs, Midwest-Precote ww Kansas City, 0.3 miles, fa door passin g- j.

-i rt i Blunts pistol was shoved warden's midriff by Dillinger, and he was locked up with the Deputy. Another period of waiting ensued and a third guard, John Calhoun, walked down the corridor. He was submitted to the same treatment as Blunt and Baker. Those three were the only guards on dutsy in the jail at the time. Before he left, Dillinger returned to.

the cell where the guards were locked and forced Blunt to accompany him. Then he locked the door on Calhoun and Baker. Locks Doors Behind Him Keys which they took from Baker enabled the escaping prisoners to walk through several- freedom. Dillinger 30-foot concrete, route 10, Excels-1 vw-iuot uujjtiei-c, IUULC through it, evio ior Springs. Snyder Johnson, mediate pursuit WmnhnMt S110.554: 0.49 it, evidently to foil im- Humboldtr miles 22-foot concrete, route 71, KANSAS CITY, March 3 -The Fusion movement, endeavoring to oust the T.

J. Pendergasti Democratic organization from the. two lanes, Hyman-SpitcauisKy, wi(ji ol city hall has won a court victory. Kansas City, $46,202. rocee ded to the warden's office, Circuit Judge Brown Harris last Cole, 1.5 miles 10-foot UI) 4TM mac hme sruns.

With guns snatched from the guards, Dillinger and Youngblood Blunt and three cellmates nlles 10-foot snatched up Jefferson handed one Circuit Judge Brown Harris last night denied an injunction sought U. S. 50, by 'some Republicans to have Re- i Martin Wunderlich, Jefferson publican election judges and.clerks! city $42,381. i favoring the Fusionist or Citizens'! Dekalb, 1 mile 20-foot concrete, ticket denied election supplies for Route 33, from route 36, the primary next Tuesday. Attorney General Roy JM.C«JI- trick, Democrat, recently ruled judges and, clerks could be denied election supplies but ouster proceedings, would be necessary.

Many Republicans, including the Jackson Plattsburg, Boyle-Pryor Const, I Grundy. 0.6 miles concrete wid-j ening and asphalt concrete, route 65, in Trenton, 1,1 no bid; alternative No. 2, County Republican committee machine guns, one to Youngblood, and a command to Blunt to precede them. There were no or jail attaches in the office. Every available telephone Mrs.

Honey's office was maimed on Pst T) THE WEATHER st S2 2,72 4-6 gravel, route 2, chairman, are supporting the Fus-j Leeton wds alternative No: Missouri: Showers tonight, and Davis Const. $44,805. in southeast portion Sunday morn- Jackson, 0.7 mile 22-foot cofi- ing; generally fair Sunday in west crete on Route No. 50, in Kansas 'and north portions. Somewhat ion movement.

REPORTS INCREASE IN SHOE SHIPMENTS ST. LOUIS, Mar 3. JP--The Central Shoe Company reports a 103 percent increase in shoe shipments last month over February 1933. January shipments were 84.3 percent greater than in the same month last year. crete on oue o.

an nor City Hyman Spitcauf sky, Kansas colder Sunday, and in northwest rtion toniht. City! 532,967. Jasper 0.6 mile iportion tonight- concrete wid-! Weather outlook for the period asper eninsr on U. S. No.

66, in "JopHn, March 5 to March 10 for the upper -iviH Rex Const. Joplin, S6.105. Widening- on No. 24 Lafayette, 0.2 mile asphalt surfacing on route No. 13, in Hig- Mississippi and lower Missouri valleys: Not much precipitation indicated; temperatures mostly, above normal..