The Philadelphia Inquirer from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania • 2

1. matrmfitffl in 4l.rm'ii.9. On introducing the fee romantic beyond the powers of a pros description. Imagination, borne, on the wings of poetry, eould alone author similes to portray the wild sublimity of From the Supplement to the Edinburgh Journal ot ty of one of these Islands, we obtained ft glimpse of a strange amphibious creature of a spherical form, which rolled wit), great vclooity acroathe pebbly beachL and was 1 oat -sight of in the strong current which set off from this angle of the island. We were compelled, hovfever, to leave this prolific valley unexplored, on account of clouds which were evidently accumulating in the lunar atmosphere, our own being perfectly translucent.

Hut this waa itself an interesting discovery, for more distant observers had questioned or denied the existence of any humid a mosphcra in this planet. The moon being now low on her descent. Dr. Her Thirty degrees further south, In No. 11 or Cleo-nicdes, is an immense annular "mountain, containing threa distinct craters, which haYe been so long extinguished that the whole valley around litem, which is eleven miles in extent, is densely crowded with woods nearly to the summits of the hills.

Not ft rod of vacant land, except the tops of these craters, could be descried, and no living creature, except a Urge white bird resembling Ihe stork. At the southern extremity of this valley is a natural archway or cavern 20J feet high, and 100 wide, through which runs a river that discharges itself over a precipice of grey-rock 80 feet in depth, and then firms a branching stream through a beautiful campaign district far many miles. Within twenty miles of this cataract, the largest Uke, or rather inland that has been found throughout the seven and a half do mot perceive why they may not be such a are described, as well as. any thing else." Ce n'est que I premier pas." Only discover musquitoe there, end we are perfectly willing to believe that hydras, gorgons, sea-serpents, chimera; and even that most wonderful of all bugs, the humbug, are as plentiful as blackberries. What an incitement will be held nut, if the com.

munication proves to he a true bill, to the soaring- ambition of aeronauts! Who would not launch upon en aerial voyage, with the hope of reaching such more than elysian legions as are described region to which the poet's oca ml a tt ummiui virttu fitrtuiia-turum nemorum," would seem to be mere deserts in comparison of gazing upon such miracle of nature as there abound' Oh, for the eagle of Daniel O'ltourke And what a glorious field for New York speculators will be provided by lands in the moon," sn many of which, it appears, are always bought and sold by them. Be this glorious discovery hoax or not, it will at all events serve to amuse for the moment, end we therefore record it in our columns. Se non i vara, i ben trovato." If it turns out we may only propound a question similar to that which an admirable wag once asked seafaring personage who had long yarn" for his benefit, about an island of toap that he had encountered, es he affirmed, in one of his voyages How much lie did it take to make that island'" bleat achromatic lent possessed, we found that the wutPF who hniimlnrv had lust discovered, an aVacud 4n general outline to the Mare Nubium of Iticciolr, by which we detected that instead of commencing as wc supposed, on the eas'ern longitude of the planet, gome delay in the elevation 01 me gieai lens had thrown us nearly upon the axis of her ii.iurv!'. mm lin tvm a free country, and we not, as yet, attached to any particular province, and moreover, since wc could at any moment, occupy our intended position, wo agaiu fclid in our magic lenses to survey the shores of the Mare Nubium. u'hv tin tunned it.

unless in ridicule of Cleo- menev I know not; for fairer ahorca never angel coasted on a tour of pleasure. A beach of brilliant white sand, flirted with wild castellated rocks, appa rentlv of irreen marble, varied at chasm, occurring -very two- or three hundred feet, with grotesque blocks ol chalk gypsum, ami leathered and lesiouncu at the summits ith the clustering lounge oj unmu trees, moved alonar the bright wall of our apartment until we were sneechlesa with admiration. The water wherever we obtained a view of it, was nearly as blue at tliut of the deen ocean, and broke in larire white billows upon the strand. The action of very high tides was unite manifest itnon the face of the cliff. for more than a hundred miles, yet, diversified a the icpnrpv durinir tliia a much greater distance, we perceived no trace of animal existence, notwithstand ing we could command at will a perspective or a foreground view of the whole Mr.

Holmes, indeed, pronounced some white objects of a cavern, to be bona fide specimens of larger cornea ammonia: but to me they appeared merely large pebbles, which had been chafed and rolled there by the tides- Our chase of animal life was not yet to be rewarded. Having continued this close inspection nearly two hours, duriiicr which we nassed over a wide tract of country, chieflv of a rugged, and apparently volcanic character and having seen few additional varieties of vegetation, except some species ot lichen, wnicu grew every where in great abundance. Dr. Herschel proposed that we should lake out all our lenses, give a rapid speed to the panorama, and search for some of the principal valleys known to astronomers, as the most likely method to reward our first night's observation with the discovery of animated beings. The lenses being removed, and the effulgence of our unutterably glorious reflectors left undiminished, we found, in accordance, with our calculations, that our field of view comnrehenJcd about twenty five miles of the lunar surface, with the distinctness both of outline and detail which could be procured of a terrestrial object at the distance of two and half miles: an optical phenomenon which you will find demonstrated in Note 5.

This afforded us the best landscape views we had hitherto obtained, and although the accelerated motion was rather too great, we en- j.iyed them with rapture. Several of those famous val leys which are bounded by lotty lulls 01 so penecny conical a form as to render them less like works of nature than of art, passed the canvass before we had tiT.e to check their Bight; but presently a train of scenery met our eye, of features so entirely novel, that Dr. Herschel signalled for the lowest convenient gradation of movement. It was a lofty chain of obc-hvk-shaped, or very slender pyramids, standing in irregular groups, each composed, of about thirty or forty spires, every one of which was perfectly square, and as accurately truncated as the finest specimens of Cornish crystal. I hey were ot a taint dihck nue, anu very resplendent.

I now thought that we had assuredly fallen on productions of art; but Dr. Herschel shrewdly remarked that if the Lunarian could build thirty or forty miles of such monuments as these, we should ere now have discovered others of a less equivocal character. He pronounced them quartz formations, of probably the wine colored amethyst species, and promised us, from these and other proofs which we had obtained of the powerful action of the laws of crystallization in this planet, a rich field of minera-logical study. On introducing a lens, his conjecture was fully confirmed; they were monstrous amethysts, of a diluted claret color, glowing in the intensest light of the sun! They varied in height about sixty to ninety feet, though we siw several of a still more incredible altitude. They were observed in a succession of valleys divided by longitudinal lines of round breasted hills, covered with verdure and nobly undulated; but, what is most remarkable, the valleys whioh contained the-se stupendous crystals wore invariably barren, and covered with stones of a ferruginous hue, which were probably iron pyrites.

We found that those 1 es were situated in a district elevated about half a mile above the valley of the Mare Fuccunditatis, of MUyor and Kiccioli; the shores of which soon hove in view. But never was a name more inappropriately bestowed. From Dan to Uersheba" all was barren, barren, the sea board was entirely composed of chalk and flint, and not a vestige of vegetation could be discovered with our strongest glasses. The whole breadth of the-northern extremity of this sea, which was about three hundred miles, having crossed our plane, we entered upon a wild mountainous region abounding with more extensive forests of larger trees than we had before seen the species of which I have no good analogy to describe. In general contour they resembled our forest oak; but they were much more superb in foliage, having broad glossy leaves like those of the laurel, and tresses of yellow flowers which hung in the open glades, from the branches to the ground.

These mountains passed, we arrived at a region which filled us with utter astonishment. It was an oval valley, surrounded, except at a narrow opening towards the south, by hills, red as the purest Vermillion, and evidently crystallized; for wherever a precipitous chasm appeared and these chasms were very frequent, and of immense depth the perpendicular sections presented conglomerated masses of polygon crystals evenly fitted to each other, and arranged in deep strata, which grew darker in color as they descended to the foundations of the precipices. Innumerable cascades were bursting forth from the breasts of all these cliff, and some so near their summits, and with such great force, as to form arches many yards in diameter. I never was 40 vividly reminded of Byron's simile, the tail of the white horse in the Revelations." At the foot of this boundary of hills was a perfect zone of woods surrounding the whole valley, which was about eighteen or twenty miles witle, at its greatest breadth, and about thirty in length. Small collections of trees of every imaginable kind, were scattered about the whole luxuriant area, and here our magnifiers blest our panting hopes with specimens ot conscious existence, in the shade of the woods on the south-eastern side, we beheld continuous herds of brown quadrupeds, having all the external characteristics of the bison, but more diminutive than any species of the boa genus in our natural history.

Its tvil was like that of our bos grun-niensi but in its semicircular horns, the hump on its shoulders, the depth of its dew lap, and the length of its shaggy hair, it closely resembled the species to which 1 first compared it. It had, however, one widely distinctive feature, which we afterwards found common to nearly every lunar quadruped we have discovered; namely, a remarkably fleshy appendage over the eyes, crossing the whole breadth ot the forehead, and united to the ears. We could most distinctly perceive this hairy veil, which was shaped like the upper front outline of the cp known to the ladies as Mary Queen of Scots cap, lifted and lowered by means of the ears. It immediately occurred to the acute mind of Dr. Herschel that this was a providential contrivance to protect the eyes of the animal from the great extremes of light and darkness to which all the inhabitants of our side of the moon are periodically subjected.

The next animal perceived would be classed on earth as a monster. It was of a blueish lead color, about the size of a goat, with a head and beard like him, and a dingle horn, slightly inclined forwards from the perpendicular. The female was- destitute of the horn and heard, but had a much longer tail. It was gregarious, and chiefly abounded on the accli-vitous glades of the woods. In elegance of symme try it rivalled the antelope, and like him it seemed an agile, sprightly creature, running with great speed, and spring from the green turf with all the unaccountable antics of a lamb or kitten.

This beautiful creature afforded us the most exquisite amusement. The mimicry or its movements upon our white painted canvass, was as faithful and luminous as that ol ani mals within a few yards of a camera obscura, when seen pictured upon its tympan. Frequently when attempting to put our fingers upon its beard, it would sud lenly bound away into oblivion as if conscious of our earthly impertinence; but then others would appear, whom we could not prevent nibbling the herbage, say or do what we would to them. On examining the centre of this del'trhtful valley. we found a large branching river, abounding with lovely islands, and water birds of numerous kinds.

A species or grey pelican was the most numerous: but a black and white crane, with unreasonably long legs and bill, were also quite common. We watched heir pisciverous experiments a long time in nopesot catching sight of a lunar fUh, hut although we were not gratineo in tms reapeci, we couiu easily guess ine purpose with which they plunged their long neck so deeply beneath the water fear the upper extrmi- this landscape, where dark behemoth crags stood over the brows ol lofty precipices, as it rampart in the sky; and forests seemed suspended in mid air. On the eastern side there was one soaiing crag, crested with trees, which hung over in a curve like three-fourths of a gothic arch, and being of rich crimson colour, its ettect whs most strange upon minds unaccustomed to the association of such gian.luer with such beauty. Hut whilst gazing upon them in a perspective of about half a mile, we were thrilled with astnnishmcnt to perceive four successive flocks of large winged creatures, wholly unlike any kind of bints, descend with a sljw and even motion from the cliffs on the western side, and alight upon the ptain. I hey were first noticed by Dr.

Herschel, who ex claimed, "Now, gentlemen, my theories against your proofs, which you have ufteu found a pretty even bet, we have here something worth looking st: I was confident mat it ever we luiind beiniia in hu man shape, it would he in this longitude, and thai they would be provided by their Creator wiih some extraordinary powers nf locomotion: firat exchange tor my number u. I his lens being soon introduc ed, gave us a fine half mile distance; and we counted three parties of these creatures, of twelve, nine and fifiecn in each, walking erect towards a small wood near the base ot the eastern precipices. Certaiuly they were like human beimrs, for the winirs hail now disappeared, and their attitude in walking wa both dignified and erect. Having observed them at this distance for some minutes, we introduced lens H. which brouelit them to the aDDarent Droxun ty of eighty yards: the highest clear magnitude we possessed until ine latter end ot March, when we ef fected an improvement in the gas burners.

About half of the first party had passed beyond our canvass but of all the others we had a perfectly distinct and deliberate view. They averaged four feet in height were covered, except on the face, with short and glossy copper-colored hair, and had wings composed of a thin membrane, ithout hair, lying snugly upon nieir dscks, from the top ol the shoulders to Hit. calves of the legs. The face, which was of a yel lowisti nesn color, was a slight improvement upon that of the large orang oulang, being more open anu intelligent in its expression, and Having a mucl greater expansion of forehead. The mouth, how ever, was very prominent, thouirh somewhat reliev ed by a thick bexi upon the lower jaw, and by lips tar more unman man those ol any species ot the simia genus.

In general symmetry of body and limbs thy were infinitely superior to the orang outang; so much so, that, but for their long wings. Lieutenant Drummond said they would look as well on a parade- ground as some ot the old cockney mthtia I he hair on the head was of a darker colour than that ol the body, closely curled, but apparently not woolly, anu arranged in two curious semi-circles over thi temples of the forehead. Their feet could only hi seen as they were altereately lifted in walking; but from what we could see of ihem in so transient a view, they appeared thin, and very protuberant at the heel. Whilst passing across the canvass, and whenever we afterwards saw them, these creatures were evi dently engaged in conversation; their gesticulation. more particularly the varied action of their hands and arms, appeared impaasioned and emphatic.

We hence inferred that they were rational beings, and although not perhaps of so high an order as others which we discovered the nest month on the shores of the lay of Rainbows, that thev were caoable of nro- ducing works of art and contrivance. The next view we obtained of them was still more favourable. It was on the borders of a little lake, or expanded stream, which we then for the first time perceived running down ihe valley to the large lake, and having on its eastern margin a small wood. Some of these creatures had crossed this water and were lying like spread eagles on the skirts of the wood. We could then perceive that their wings possessed great expansion and were similar in structure to those of the bst, being a semi-transparent membrane expanded in corviliueal divisions by means of straight radii, united at the back by the dorsal integuments.

Rut what astonished us very much was the cir cumstance of this membrane being continued, from the shoulders to the legs, united all the way down, though gradually decreasing in width. The wings seemed completely under the command of volition. for those of the creatures whom we saw bathing in the water, spread them instantly to their full width, waved litem as ducks do theirs to shake oft the wa ter, and then as instantly closed them agsin in compact form. Our further observation of the habits of cse creatures, who were of both sexes, led to re sults so very remarkable, that I prefer they should be first laid before the public in Dr. Herschel' own work, where I have reason to know they are fully and faithfully stated, however increduously they my be received.

The three families then almost simultaneously spread their wings and were lost in the dark confines of the canvass, before we had time to breathe from our paralyzing astonishment. We scientifically denominated them the Vespertilio-homo, man-bat; and they are doubtless innocent and hap py creatures, notwithstanding some of their amusements would but ill comport with our terrestrial notions of decorum. The valley itself we called the Ruby Coloseum, in compliment to its stupendous southern boundary, the six-mile sweep of red preci pices two thousand feet high. And the night, or ra ther morning, being far advanced, we postponed our tour to Pretravius, (No. 20) until another opportu nity." We have, of course, faithfully obeyed Dr.

Grant's private injunction to omit those highly curious pas sages in his correspondence which he wished ue to suppress, although we do not clearly perceive the force of the reasons assigned for it. It is true the omitted paragraphs contain facts which would be wholly incredible to readers who do not examine the principles and capacity of the instrument with which these marvellous discoveries have been made; but so will nearly all of those which he has per muted us to publish; and it waa tpr this reason that we considered the explicit description which we have given ot the telescope, so importriit a preliminary. From these, however, and other prohibited passages, which will be published by Dr. Herschel, with the certificates of the civil and military authorities of the colony, and of several Episcopal, Wesleyan, and other ministers, who, in the month of Jlarch last, were, permitted, under the stipulation of temporary secrecy to visit the observatory, and become eye- witnesses ot the wonders which they were requested to attest, we are confident his forthcoming volumes will be at once the most sublime in science, and the most intense in general interest, than ever issued from the press. 1 he night ot the 14th displayed the moon in her mean hbration or full; but the somewhat humid state of the atmosphere being for several hours less favora ble to a minute inspection than to a general survey of her surface, they wrere chieny devoted to the latter purpose.

Hut shortly after midnight the last veil of mist was dissipated, and the sky being as lucid as on he former evenings, the attention ot the astronomers was arrested by the remarkable outlines of the spot marked Gycho No. Is in Blum's lunar chart; and in his region they added treasures to human know ledge which angels might well desire to win. (Jthc Rational PHILADELPHIA: SATURDAY. AUGUST 29. IS35.

We publish to-day a document which is fitted to excite as much wonder in both the learned and ignorant world, as was erst occasioned by the famous discovery of an elephant in the silvery orb of night. In his instance, at all events, the marvellous matters which are stated to nave oeen ooserveu in uie piauei, could not have been created by tha intervention of a fly or any other interloping insect; and, consequent. if they ufre seen, we must e'en believe that there is indeed more in lite universe than is dreamt of in our philosophy. Mountains of precious stones, beavers that use fire, men-bais, and other such rather unusual circumstances," would certainly appear to be very much like whales," and must give us pause until we ascertain whether they really delighted and astonished the vision of Sir John Herschel (alias Sir John F.dlerschel) and his coadjutors, or have only revealed themselves tn the imagination of some Munchausen myslifier who would rather open the eyes of his credulous fellow-raortals with moonstruck amazement, than behold even the marvels hich he has narrated in hi very surprising publication, if, however, there are animals in the coood, we iHE A.9THONOMICAL DISCOVEHIf-St 7" at the Cttpe of Good Hope. In tlii ununularltMiioi) to our Journal, we have the happinew of making known to the Itritisli public, and thence to the whole civilized world, recent d'lcoverien in Astronomy which will build nn imperishable monument to the age, in which we live, and confer upon the present generation of the liumai race proud distinction through all future times.

It has been poetically sid that the start of heaven arc g-4tie hereditary regalia of man as the intellectual vereign of the animal creation. Me may now fold the Zodiac around him with a loftier consciousness of hjs mental supremacy. It is impotable to contemplate anv great Aitrono-' mical discovery without feelings closely allied to a sensation of awe, and nearly to those with hich a departed spirit may be supposed to discover the unknown realities of a future state. Bound by the irrevocable laws of nature to the globe on which we live creature. close shut up in infinite expanse;" it seems like acquiring a fearful supernatural power when any of the remote and mysterious work 11 of the Creator yield tribute to our curiosity, it seems almost a presumptuous usurpation of powers denied us by the divine will, when man, in the pride and confidence of his skill, steps forth far beyond the apparently natural boundary of his privileges, and demands the secrets and familiar fellowship of other worlds.

We are. assured that when the immortal philosopher to whom mankind is indebted for the thrilling wonders now first made known, had at length adjusted 1 his new and stupendous apparatus whh it certainty of success, he solemnly paused several-hours before he commenced his observations, that he might prepare his own mind for discoveries which he knew would 611 the minds of myriads of his fellow men with astonishment, ar.d secure his name a bright if not trauscendant conjunction with that of hisveue-'rable father, to all posterity. And well might he pause! From the hour the first human pair opened their eyes to the glories of the blue firmament above them, there has been no accession to human knowledge at all comparable in sublime interest to that which he has been the honored agent in supplying; and we are taught to believe that, when a work, already preparing for the press, in which his discoveries are embodied in detail, shall be laid before the public, they will be found of incomparable importance to some of the grandest operations of civilized life. Well might he pause! He was about to be come the sole depository of wondrous secrets which had been hid from the eyes of all men that had lived since the birth of time. lie was about to crown him self with diadem of knowledge which would give him a conscious pre eminence above every individual 01 lua species who then liven, orwho had lived in the generations that are passed away.

He paused ere he prone the seal, or the casket which contained it. render our enthusiasm intelligible, we will state at once that by means of a telescope, of vast di- niensionsjtnd an entirely new principle, the younger Herschel, at his observatory in the Southern Hemisphere, has already made the most extraordinary discoveries in every planet of our solar system; has discovered planets in other solar systems; has obtained a distinct view of objects in the moon, fully equal to that which the unaided eye commands of terrestrial objects at the distance of a hundred yards; has affirmatively settled the question whether this Satellite be inhabited, and by what orders of beings; has firmly established a new theory of comet a ry phenomena; and has solved or corrected nearly every leading problem of mathematical astronomy. For our early and almost exclusive information concerning these facts, we are indebted to the devoted friendship of Dr. Andrew Grant, the pupil of the elder, and for several years past the inseparable coadjutor of the younger Herchel. The amanuensis of the latter at the Cape of l.oori Hope, and the indefatigable superintendent of his telescope during the whole period of its construction and operations, Grant has been enabled to supply us with intelligence equal in general interest at least to that which lr.

Herachel himself has transmitted to the Kojal Society. Indeed our correspondent assures us that the voluminous documents now before a com-mittee of that institution contain little more than de-tads and mathematical illustrations of the facts communicated to us in his own ample correspondence. For permission to indulge his friendship in communicating this invaluable information to us, Dr. Grant and ourselves are indebted to the magnanimity of Dr. Herschel, who, far above all mercenary considerations, has thus signally honored and rewarded his fellow laborer in the field of science.

The following engravings of lunar animals and other objects, and of the phases of the several planets, are accurate copies of drawings taken in the observatory by Herbert Home, who accompanied the last powerful series of reflectors fiom London to the Cape, and superintended their erection; and he has thus recorded the proofs of their triumphant success. The engraving cf the belts of Jupiter is a reduced copy of an imperial folio drawing by Dr. Herschel himself, and contains the results of his latest observations of that planet. The segment of the inner ring of Saturn is from a large drawing by Dr. Grant.

NEW LUNAR DISCOVERIES. Until the 10th of January, the observations were chiefly directed to the stars in the southern signs, in which without the aid of the hydro-oxygen reflectors, a countless number of new stars and nebulae were discovered. But we shall defer our correspondent's account of those to future pages for the purpose of no longer withholding from our readers the more generally and highly interesting discoveries which were made in the lunar world. And for this purpose, too, we shall defer Dr. Grant's elaborate mathematical details of the corrections which Sir John Herchel has made in the best tables of the moon's tropical, aiderial, and synodic revolutions) of those phenomena of the syzygies on which a great part of the established lunar theory depends.

It was about half past nine o'clock on the night of -the 10th, the moon having then advanced within four days of her mean hbration, that the astronomer adjusted his instruments for the inspection of her eastern limb. The whole immense power of his tele scope was applied, and to its focil image about one half of the power of his microscope. On removing the screen of the latter, the field of view was covered throughout its entire area, with a beautifully distinct and even vivid representation of basaltic rock. Its colour was a greenish brown, and the width of the columns, as defined by their interstices on the can vas, was invariably twenty-eight inches. No fracture whatever appeared in the mass first presented, but in a few seconds a shelving pile appeared of five or six columns width, which shewed their figure to be hexagonal, and their articulations si mi lac to those of the basaltic formation at St alia.

This precipitous aheit was profusely covered with a dark red flower. "precisely similar," says Dr. Grant, "to the Fapaver Khoeas. or rose-poppy or our sublunary cornfields; and this was the first organic production of nature in a foreign world, ever revealed to the eyes ot men. The rapidity of the moon's ascension, or rather of the earth's diurnal rotation, being nearly equal to five hundred yards in a second, would have effectu ally prevented the inspection or even the discovery of objects so minute as these, but fur the admirable mechanism which constantly regulates, under the guidance of the sextant, the required altitude of the lens.

-Hut us operation was touna to oe so consummately perfect, that the observers could detain the object upon the field of view fur any period they might desire. The specimen of lunar vegetation, however, which they had already seen, had decided a question of too exciting an interest to induce them to retard its exit. It had demonstrated that the moon has an atmosphere constituted similarly to our own, and capable of sustaining organized, and therefore, most probably, animal life. The basaltic rocks continued to pass over the inclined canvass plane, through three successive diameterB.when a verdant declivity, of great beauty, appeared, which occupied two more. This was succeeded by another mass of nearly the former height; at the base of which they were at length delighted to perceive that novelty, a lunar forest.

The trees," cays Dr. Grant, for a period of ten minutes, were of one unvaried kind, and unlike any 1 have een, except the largest class of yews in the English church-yards, which ihey in some respects resemble. These were followed by a level green plain, which as measured by the painted circle on our canvass of forty-nine feet, must have been more- than half a mile in breadth; and then appeared as fine a forest ol firs, unequivocal firs, as I have ever seen cherished in the busom of my native mountains." Wearied with the long continuance of these, we greatly reduced the magnifying power of the microscope without eclipsing either of the reflectors, and immediately perceived that we had been insensibly descending, as it were a mountainous district of highly diversified and romantic character, and that we were on the verge of a lake, or inland sea; but of what relative locality or extent, we were yet too greatly schel inferred that the increasing rcfrangibility of her rays would prevent any aatisfactory protraction of our labors, and our minds being actually latiguea wuu the excitement ot the high enjoyments we had par taken, we mutually screed to call in the assistants at the lens, and reward their vigilant attention with bumpers of the best 11 East India Particular." It was not, however, without regret that we left the splendid valley of the red mountains hich in compliment to the arms of our royal patron, we denominated "the Valley of tlie Unicorn;" and it may be found in Hlum' map, about midway between the Ware In con ditatis. and the Mare Nectaria. The nights of the 11th and 12th being cloudy were unfavorable to observation but on those of the 13ih and 14th further animal discoveries were made of the most exciting interest to every human being.

We give them in the graphic language of our accom Dlished correspondent; Tha astoniahincr and beautiful discoveriea which wc had made during our first night's observation, and tlie brilliant promise which they gave ot the future, rendered every moon-hfrht hour too precious to re concile us to the deprivation occasioned by these two cloudy evenings: see the last number and they were not borne with strictly philosophical patience notwithstanding our attention was closely occupied in superintending the erection of additional prop and braces to the twenty lour teei lens, which we ruuuu had somewhat vibrated in a hitrh wind that arose on the morning of Ihe lllh. The night of the 13th January wii one ol pearly purity anu loveliness. The moon ascended the firmament in gorgeous splendour, and tha stars, retiring around her, left her the unrivalled queen of the hemisphere. This being the Inst night but nuc, in the present month, during which we should have an opportunity of inspecting her western limb, on account ol the hbration in ion criiude which would thence immediately ensue. Dr.

Herschel informed us that he should direct our researches to the parts numbered 2, 11, 26, and 20 in Hlunt's map, and which are respectively known in i he modern catalogue by the names ot fcndymion, Clenmedcs. LonrrreiHis, and Petav'nu. To the care ful inspection of these, and the regions between them and the extreme western rim, he proposea to aevcue the whole of this highly favorable night. Taking then our twenty-five miles breadth of her surface upon the field view, and reducing it to a slow movement, we soon found ihe first very singularly shaped object of our enquiry, it is a highly mountainous district, the loftier chains of which form three narrow ovals, two of which approach each oiher in slender points, and are united by one mass of hills of great length and elevation; thus presenting a figure similar to that of a long skein of thread, Ihe bows of which nave been gradually spread open from tnetr conneci-ina- knot. 1'he third oval looks also like a skein, and lies as if carelessly dropped from nature's hand in connection with the othen but that which might fancifully be supposed as having formed the second bow of this second skein, is cut open, and lies in scattered threads of smaller hills which cover a great extent of level territory.

The ground plan of these mountains is so remarkable that it has been accurately represented in almost every lineal map of the moon that has been drawn; and in Blunt 's, which is the best, it agrees exactly with my description. Within the grasp, as it were, of the broken bow hills last mentioned, stands an oval shaped mountain enclosing a valley of an immense area, and having, on its western ridge, a volcano in a state of terrific eruption. To the northeast of this, across the broken, or what Mr. Holmes called the vagabond mountains," re three other detached oblong formations, the largest and last of which is marked in the catalogue, and fancifully denominated the Mare Mortuum, or more commonly the Lake of Death." Induced by curiosity to divine the reason of so sombre a title, rather than by any more philosophical motive, we here first applied our hydro-oxygen magnifiers to the focal image of the great lens. Our twenty-five miles portion of this great mountain circus, had the whole of its area, and of course the two conical hills which rise within it about five miles from each otheri but although this breadth of view had heretofore generally presented its objects as if seen within a terrestrial distance of two and a half miles, we were, in this instance, unable to discern these central hills with any of distinctness.

There did not appear to be any mist or smoke around Ihem, as in the case of the volcano which we had left in the. south west, and yet they were comparatively indistinct upon the canvas. On sliding in the gas-light lens the mystery was immediately solved. They were old craters of extinct volcanoes, from whieh still issued a heated though transparent exhalation that kept them in an apparently oscillatory or trembling motion, most unfavorable to examination. The craters of both of these hills, as nearly as we could judge under this obstruction, were about fifteen fathom deep, devoid of any appearance of fire, and of nearly a yellowish white colour throughout.

The diameter of each was about nine diameters of our painted circle, or nearly 450 feet; and the width of the rim surrounding them about 1000 feet; yet notwithstanding their narrow mouths, these two chimneys of the subterranean deep, had evidently filled the whole area of the valley which they stood with the lava and a-hes with which it was encumbered, and even added to the height, if not indeed caused the existence of the oval chain of mountains which surrounded it. These mountains, as subsequently measured from the level of some large lakes around them, averaged the height of 2800 feet; and Dr. Herschel conjectured from this and the vast extent of their abutments, which ran for many miles into the country around-them, that these volcanoes must have been in full activity, for a million of years- Lieut. Drummond, however, rather supposed that the whole area of this oval valley was but the exhausted crater of one vast volcano, which, in expiring had left only these two imbecile representati ves of its power. 1 believe Doctor Herschel himself afterwards adopted this probable theory, which is, indeed, confirmed by the universal geology of the planet.

There is scarcely a hundred miles of her surface, not even excepting her largest seas and lakes, tn which circular or oval mountainous ridges may not be easily found; and many, very many of these having numerous inclosed hills in full volcanic operation, which are now much lower than the surrounding circles, admit of no doubt that each of these great formations is ttie remains ot one vast mountain which has burnt itself out, and left only these wide foundations of its ancient grandeur. A direct proof of this. is afforded in a tremendous volcano now in its prime, which 1 shall hereafter notice. What gave the name of The Lake of Death" to the annular mountain I have just described, was, I suppose, the dark appearance of the valley which it encloses, and which, to a more distant view than we obtained, certainly exhibits the general aspect of the waters upon this planet. The surrounding country is fertile to excess; between this circle and No.

2 (Endymion) which we proposed first to examine, we counted not less than twelve luxuriant forests, divided by open plain9, which waved in an ocean of verdure, and were probably prairies like those of North America. In three of these we discovered numerous herds of quadrupeds similar to our friends the bisons in the Valley of the Unicorn, but of much larger size; and scarcely a piece of woodland occurred in our panorama which did not dazzle our vision with flocks of white or red birds upon the wing. At length we carefully explored the Endymion. We found each of the three ovals volcanic and sterile within; but without, most rich, throughout the level regions around them, in-every imaginable production of a bounteous soil- Dr. Herschel has clasified not less than thirty-eight species of forest trees and nearly I twice that number of plants, found in this tract alone, which are widely different to those found in more equatorial latitudes.

Of animals, he classified nine species of mammalia, and five of oviparia. Among the former is a small Kind ol rein-ueer, ine cue, tne moose, the horned bear, and the biped beaver. The last resembles the beaver of ihe earth in every other respect than its destitution of a tail, and its invariable habit of walking only upon two feet. It carries its young in its arms like a human being, and moves with an easy gliding motion. Its huts are constructed better and higher than those of many tribes of hu man savages, and from the appearance ul smoke in nearly all of Ihem, there is no doubt of its being acquainted with the us of fire.

Still its head and body differ only in the points stated from that of the beaver, and it was never seen except on the borders of lakes and rivers, in which it has been observe to immerse for period ofseveral sceands. I millions of square miles which this illuminated siil of the mnon contains. Its width, from east lowest, is 18 miles, and from north to south 2o6 miles'. It shape, to the northward, is not unlike that ol the bay ot liengal, and tt is studded with small islands, musi of Which are volcanic. Two of these, on the eastern side, are now violently eruptive; but our lowest magnifying power was too great to examine them witl convenience, on account of the cl.m.l of smoke and sshes which beclouded our field of view; as seen by Lieut.

Drummond, through our reflecting telescope ot 2UU0 times, they exhibited great briltiaiicv. I bay, on the western side of this sea, is sn island 55 miles long, of a crescent form, crowded throuirli entire sweep with the most superb and wonderful natural beauties, both ot vegetation and geology. It hills are pinnacled with tall quartz crystals, of so rtcli a yellow and orange hue that we at first sup posed them to be pointed tmes of firei and they sprung up thus from smooth round brows of hills wlucli are covered as with a velvet mantle, hven in the enchanting little, valleys of this winding island, we could often see these splendid natural spires, mounting in the midst of deep green woods, like church steeples in the vales ol Westmoreland. We here first noticed the lunar palm tree, which differs from that ot our tropical latitudes only in tne peculia rity ot very larire crimson flowers, instead ot the spa dix protruded from the common calix. We, however, perceived no fruit on any specimens we saw: a cir cumstance which we attempted to account for from the great (theoretical) extremes in the lunar climate On a curious kind of tree-melon we nevertheless saw fruit in great abundance, and in every stage of incep tion and maturity.

The general colour of these woods was a dark green, tliougii not without occa sional admixtures of every lint of our forest seasons. The hectic flush of autumn was often seen kindled upon the cheek of earliest spring; and the gjy dra pery of summer in some places surrounded tree leafless as the victims of winter. It seemed as if al the seasons here united hands in a circle of perpetual harmony. Of animals we saw only an elegant striped quad mped about three feet high, like a miniature zeun which was always in small herds on the green sward of the hills; and two or three kinds of long tailed birds which we nidged to be golden and blue phea sants. On the shores, however, we saw countless multitudes of univalve shell fish, and among them some huge flat ones which all three of my associates declared to be cornu ammoniac; and I confess I was here compelled to abandon my sceptical substitution of pebbles.

The cliffs all along hese shores were leeply undermined by tides; they were very cavern ous, and yellow crystal stalactites larger than a man's Hugh were shooting forth on all sides. Indeed every rood ot this island appeared to be crystallized; masses ol fallen crystals were found on every beach we ex plored, and beamed from every fractured headland It was more like a creation of oriental fancy, than a distant variety of nature brought by the powers of science to ocular demonstration. The striking- dis- iKing- dis md foun( similitude of this island to every other we li on these waters, and its near proximity to the main land, led us to suppose that it must at some time have been a part of it; more especially as its crescent bay embraced the first of a chain of smaller ones which ran directly thither. The first one was a pure quartz rock, about three miles in circumference, towering in naked majesty from the blue deep, with out either shore or shelter. But it glowed in the sun almost like a sapphire, as did all the lesser ones of wlt-im it seemed Ihe king.

Our theory was speedily confirmed, for all the shore of the main land was battlemented and spired with these unobtainable jew els of nature; and as we brought our field of view to include the utmost run or the illuminated boundary ot ihe planet, we could still see them blazing in crowd ed battalions as it were, through a region ol hundreds of miles. In fact, we could, not conjecture where this gorgeous land of enchantment terminated, for as the votary motion of the plnet bore these mountain summits from our view, we became turtlie remote from their western boundary. We were admonished by this to lose no lime seeking the next proposed object ol" our search, the Langi-euus, or No. 26, which is almost within Ihe verge of the libration in longitude, and of which, for this reason, Dr. Herschel entertained some singular expectations.

After a short delay in advancing the observatory upon the lever9, and in regulating the lens, we found our oDiect and surveyed it. It was a dark narrow lake seventy miles lung, bounded on the east, north and west, by red mountains nf the same character as those surrounding the valley of the Unicorn, from which it is distant to the south west about 180 miles This lake, like that valley, opens to the south upon a plain not more than ten miles wide, which is here en circled by a truly magnificent amphitheatre of the loftiest of lunar hills. For a semi-circle of six miles these hills are liven, from their brow to their base, as perpendicularly as the outer walls of the Coloseum at Rome; but here exhibiting the sublime altitude of at least two thousand feet, in one smootti, unbroken surface. How nature disposed of the huge mass which she thus prodigally carried out, I know nut; but certain it is that there are no fragments of it left upon the plain, which is a declivity without a single prominence except a billowy tract of woodland that runs in many a wild vagary ol breadth and course to -tne margin of the lake. The tremendous height and expansion of this per pendicular mountain, with Us bright crimson front.

contrasted with the fringe ot forest on us brow, and the verdure otthe open plain beneath, filled our can vass with a landscape unsurpassed in unique grandeur by any we had beheld. Our twenty-five miles perspective included this remarkable mountain, ihe plain, a part ot the lake, and the last graduated sum mits of the range ot hills, by which the latter is near ly surrounded. We ardently wished that all the world could view a scene so strangely grand, and our pulse beat high with the hope of one day exhibiting it to our countrymen in some part of our native land. But we were at length compelled to destroy our picture as a whole, for the purpose of magnifying its parts for scientific inspection. Our plane was of course immediately covered with the ruby front of this mighty amphitheatre, us tall figures, leaping -cascades, and rugged caverns.

As its almost interminable sweep was measured off upon the canvas, we frequently saw long lines of some yellow metal, hanging from the crevices of the horizontal strata in wild net work, or'atraight pendant branches. We of course concluded that this was virgin gold, and we had no assay-master to prove the contrary. On searching the plain over which we had observed the woods roving in all the shapes of clouds in the sky, we were again delighted with the discovery of animals. The first observed was a quadruped with an amazingly long neck, head like a sheep, bearing two long spiral horns, white as polished ivory, and stand ing in perpendicular parallel to each other. Its body was like that of the deer, but its fore legs were most disproportionate long, and its tail, udiich was very bushy and of a snowy whiteness, curled high over its rump, and hung two or three feet by its aide.

Its colors were bright bay and white in brindled patches, clearly defined, but of no regular form. It was found only in pairs, in spaces between the woods, and we had no oppoitumty ot witnessing its speed or habits. Hut a tew minutes only elapsed before three speci mens of another animal appeared, so'-well known to is all that we fairly laughed at the recollection ot sq familiar an acquaintance in so distant a land. They were neither more nor less man inree gooa large heep, which would not have disgraced the farms of Leicestershire, or the shambles of Leadenhall market. With the utmost scrutiny, we could find no mark of distinction between these and those of our native soil; they had nut even the appendage over the eyes, which 1 have described as common to lunar quadrupeds.

Presently they appeared in great numbers, and on reducing the lenses, we found them in Hocks over a great part of the valley. I need not say how desirous we. were of finding shepherds to these flocks, and even a man with blue apron and rolled up sleeves, would have been a welcome sight to us, if not to ihe sheep; but they fed in peace, lurds of their own pastures, without eilher protector or destroyer, in human shape. We at length approached the level opening to the lake, where the valley narrows to a mile in width, and displays scenery, on both tide picturesque and It appears that the Jackson Van Buren ticket for Congress has succeded in Rhode Island, and it it s'ated that the Whigs will be left in a minority in the legislature. Governor Wolf arrived in this city yesterday afternoon, in the New York steamboat, and was to depart his morning, by the Kail Hoad line, for Harrisburg.

By the ship Natchez, c'apt. the editors of ihe New York Journal of Commerce, have Paris and Havre papers to July 24. The cholera is spreading rapidly in the South of France and appears to be ery fatal. Among the places which it has invaded are Tulon, Marseilles, ce, and Villafranche. At Nice on Ihe 1 Jih July, IJ cases were announced.

At Marseilles on the 25 deaths by cholera, and at Toulon the same day, 6s! Gen. arrived at Toulon from Montpellier on the 17th ult. his wound being completely healed. Paeis, July 23. The ministerial journal coyitaina the following:" A telegraphic despatch of the 21st from Uayonne, announces that Don Carlos retired on ihe 17th to Arbeiza, where he was joined by Eraso and the rest of the Carlist army." Among the wounded who were conveyed ro E-tella and Yrache, several officers are mentioned, m-eluding Villareal and Sagaslihelza.

"On Ihe whole, their loss was considerable. The prisoners taken from them were sent to Pampeluna, where the principal part of the army of the Queen arrived on the 19th." PUBLIC MEETING OF THE CITISEN3. New Yusjk, Aug. 27, 1835. At a very numerous meeting of the citizen of New York, held in pursuance of public notice at ihe City Hall, this day, at four, V.

M. od motion of the Honorable C. P. White, His Honor, the Mayor of the city was called to the chair. The Lieutenant Governor, Supreme Judires.

anJ State Senators, constituting the Court of Errors, were introduced, and took their scats on the riaht of ihe chair. Assistant Alnerman Curtis stated that the res'n- luiions he was about to offer for the consideration of this large assembly, had been submitted to a numerous committee of citizens who had aniinualu desired in the proceedings of the meeting, to em- oouy a minimi expresaion ol me sentiment of New York on this interesting occasion. That they had met with the flnnrnhntinn ni' thia i miiu he beheved they would be favorably received by the meeting. lie Ihen presented the following preambles and resolutions: PREAMBLE. Wsmiis exertions are making by Abolitionists and Anti-Slavery Societies in the northern part of our Union, to influence the public mind on the subject of slavery, with the avowed design of affecting the immediate emancipation of the slavea in th souinern stales, which exertions tend to array the excited feelings of one portion of our citizens against anoiher, and to occasion violence and disunion; And whereas the great mass of our citizens do not concur in these proceedings, but regard them as involving an unjustifiable interference with the subject, whether ihey be considered in relation to the constitution and laws of the Union, or as depending for their justification on the assumption that slavery is, under all circumstances, necessarily immoral and criminal: Ve therefore, the citizens of New-York, convened on this occasion, deem it our duty to express pur senl timents on the subject, in the hope therebyto allay the present excitement, to remove unfounded impressions as to there being any disposition among the' people generally to countenance tile views of the immediate abolitionists, and to arrest the tendency to hasty and injurious measures at the South While, therefore, we deplore the existence lof slavery and all the evils which attend it, we dissent' from the views and measures of the abolitionists and Anti-Slavery Societies, and wholly disapprove of their extravagant proceedings and violent recriminations And in particular, we dissent from their indiscrimi-nate condemnation of all those who sustain the relation of masters to slaves, as being equally guilt', whether that relation is a part of their inheritance under existing laws, or has proceeded from their voluntary conduct.

We thus dissent, because such condemnation implies that the relation is.in all cases necessarily immoral, which we are by no means prepared to concede; believing, as we do, that the relation may ex-ist without the fault of either of the parties, and against the will of both, and may impose on eacb peculiar obligations; and apprehending that this relation in the southern states would not make it the duty of the cizens of other states to interfere with it, even if there were nothing in the constitution and law of the Union, incompaiible with their interference; and, and, that to interfere, in opposition to the constitution and laws, on the ground of morality or abstract right would be to proceed upon an assumption which If' sanctioned, would equally justify an interference1 with any and all other civil, social, and personal relations. RESOLUTIONS. Therefore, Resolved, That while we maintain the rights of private judgment, and of free discussion on this as on other subjects, as recognized in the constitution and laws, and subject always to a strict re- gard to the just rights of southern brethren, we hold that the citizens of the north have no political right to interfere with the slavery of the southern states, nor moral right, under any circumstances, to adopt violent or aggressive measures tor the purpose of abolishing it. 1 Resolved, That a legal, peaceful, and temperate expression of opinions and arguments, tending to induce the parties to ihe relation of slavery toner form their moral and social duties, is all that can with propriety be done by individuals who do not sustain' that relation and. that we regard the sending of abolition publications to the slave holding slates, except to white citizens, who may be voluntary sub-senbers, as a gross infringement of the rights of those stales, and as tending cither to insurrection on the part of the slaves, or to greater severity on the part of the masters, or both.

Resolved, That we view with deep indignation the interference of foreign emissaries in matter so -mutely connected wilh our social and and that if in spite of arguments and entreaty, ihey snail pcisisi hkii tut-riercnce, we recommend a.1 resort to such constitutional legislation, a may meet ihe exigency of the case, and remove the evil. Resolved, That we deem ihe excitement subject winch is displayed by the parlizaneof immt. hate abolition, in this part of the counirv sn far founded in passion and error as lo justify the be lief, lhai if not sustained by intemperate opposition it can neither be of long continuance, nor be exteo sively propagated among ihe mass of thl reflecting" well disposed and orderly citizen. Resolved, That we shall regard wiih 1 -r. ihe coeiinuance of the excitement at the South, sd larae il may be occasioned bv the annr.h.

langer from the exertions uf the fu. Idiouist in oui community, hcunu s. l.i:- littl, conBdenee in the rectitude end petriotiim of th 1 i.